Taking Exam for Sentence Context and Word-Picture Cued-Recall Paired-Associate Learning Procedure Boosts Recall in Normal and Mild Alzheimer’s Disease Patients - CPDExpress

3.	The use of CVRP for the treatment of behavioural dysphonia presented less than positive results in the pre and post speech therapy evaluation.

4.	Iodice et al's article reviewed the following:
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A potential window to improve memory for verbalized instructions and restore sequential abilities in daily life.

Researchers enhanced the words’ recall with word-picture condition and when the pair was associated with a sentence contextualizing the two items.

The experiment details the performance of word recall in healthy older adults and mild AD.

The aim of this study was to employ the word-picture paradigm to examine the effectiveness of combined pictorial illustrations and sentences as strong contextual cues.

5.	Which abbreviations are correct?
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SNHL : sensorineural hearing loss

EHDI : early hearing detection and intervention

eHDi : early hearing detection and intervention

HOA : healthy older adults

AD : Alzheimer’s disease

6.	Methodology and sub-aims in this review cover:
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The experiment details performance of word recall in healthy older adults and mild AD.

The sample was composed of 18 HOA and 18 people with mild AD.

Participants memorized 15 pairs of words under word-word and word-picture conditions, with or without sentence context

In the paired-associate test, the first item of the pair was read aloud by participants and used to elicit retrieval of associated item.

7.	Study design and statistical procedure implied the following:
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Each of 36 was tested individually and completed four 30-min sessions, each corresponding to one of the four list types.

In the embedded sentence context condition, stimuli were again presented in a PAL task (but tester read corresponding sentence)

If the tester realized that there was no clarity from the participant about the type of sounds pronounced, the letters were written on

Qualitative information was obtained from reviewing of policies, clearance forms and open-ended queries

The dependent variable was the recall accuracy of the second item of each learning pair.

8.	What types of mediators determine the individuals’ encoding performance?
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A previous audiological problem

Pairs of words

The word followed by an image

Sentence-generation strategies

Grommets

9.	The phrase is inserted in a network that allows it to be activated in the following ways:
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Lexical

Non-visual

Semantic

Visual

10.	All participants in the present study were able to extract the gist from pictorial information and they were able to learn with less interference. Results further look at:
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The HOA individuals process the information with lesser amplitude as well as depth.

Both HOA and mild-AD pictures improved item recall compared to word condition such as sentences, enabling item recall.

The HOA group performs better than the mild-AD group in all conditions.

No interactions between the use of sentences & groups, the use of WP and sentences.

No interactions between the use of use of WP and groups.

11.	Discussion by Iodice et al also looked at the following:
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This study investigated mechanisms to improve encoding of words in the explicit memory task under WW versus WP.

The sentence context condition improves the recall rates (17.91%) compared to the null sentence condition.

We found a significant interaction effect between type of encoding and group.

Processing stimuli under more complex cue conditions can actually create extra attentional demands.

The HOA individuals process the information with lesser amplitude as well as depth.

12.	Do you agree with the said statements in light of this topic?
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Cognitive psychology studies that have shown that pictures enhance recollection compared with words in healthy young and older adults.

The main aim of this study was to explore the relationship between SA skydiving and audiology.

When a word can evoke an image or have a semantic relation with a pictorial representation, verbal and image codes are stored in interconnected symbolic system memory

Individuals with amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and mild AD can enhance memory by extracting the conceptual meaning from pictures.

Participants in present study all able to extract the gist from pictorial information and they were able to learn with less interference.

13.	Sensitivity to the semantic constraints provided by a sentence context or picture proves important? Does it cover some of these facts?
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The study is meant to analyse the difficulties associated with an AFE diagnosis

Older individuals, with and without dementia, are sensitive to the semantic constraints provided by a sentence context or picture.

The sentence and visual representation of the target words creates a context in which there is an accumulation of presemantic activations.

Reading a sentence requires deeper processing of its constituent words than does reading a pair of nouns

The sentence context can be thought of as a mnemonic strategy.

14.	What limitations and challenges pertained to this case report?
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Sentences not only serve to assess the problem in verbal comprehension in AD patients.

Mnemonic training, based on the WP and sentence context processing, may enhance encoding and recall by persons with mild AD.

Deeper encoding primed by a sentence context may help persons with mild AD encode and recall a higher level of propositional information.

Few participants in the present study able to extract the gist from pictorial information and were able to learn with less interference.

The sentence and visual representation of target words creates a context in which there is no accumulation of pre-semantic activations.

15.	Concluding remarks by Iodice et al comprise:
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Younger individuals, with and without dementia, are sensitive to the semantic constraints provided by a sentence context or picture.

Word-picture and sentence context strengthen the encoding in the explicit memory task, both in HOA and mild AD.

If possible to increase memory for words embedded in sentence context, can the same pair of target words activate a semantic network that allows to retrieve a sentence in verbatim form?

The diversification of activation supports the duration of the memory and therefore access to explicit memory

A potential window to improve memory for verbalized instructions and restore sequential abilities in daily life.

EXAMINATION

Sentence Context and Word-Picture Cued-Recall Paired-Associate Learning Procedure Boosts Recall in Normal and Mild Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

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EXAMINATION

Sentence Context and Word-Picture Cued-Recall Paired-Associate Learning Procedure Boosts Recall in Normal and Mild Alzheimer’s Disease Patients

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