 | | Fracture Resistance of Zirconia Restorations with Four Different Framework Designs | Fracture Resistance of Zirconia Restorations with Four Different Framework Designs
Fracture Resistance of Zirconia Restorations with Four Different Framework Designs
Overview
This study assessed the fracture resistance of zirconia crowns with four framework designs, fabricated by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology.
In this experimental study, a maxillary central incisor was prepared and scanned with a CAD/CAM scanner, and 40 frameworks with 4 designs (N=10) were fabricated as follows: simple core, dentine core with a design similar to dentine, 3mm trestle design collar in the lingual aspect with proximal buttresses, and monolithic or full-contour.
Fracture resistance was maximum in the monolithic group, followed by the dentine core, trestle design, and simple core groups, respectively. The mean fracture resistance of the monolithic group was significantly higher than that of the simple core group (P<0.005).
Zirconia restorations with frameworks that provided higher and more support for porcelain, showed increased fracture resistance.
Journal
Frontiers in Dentistry | 3 | | R465.00 |  |
| | Effect of platelet-rich fibrin on periapical healing and resolution of clinical symptoms in patients following periapical surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis | Effect of platelet-rich fibrin on periapical healing and resolution of clinical symptoms in patients following periapical surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Effect of platelet-rich fibrin on periapical healing and resolution of clinical symptoms in patients following periapical surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Overview
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on periapical healing and resolution of clinical symptoms following periapical surgery. The study included 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 2011 to 2021. Findings suggest that PRF may significantly reduce postoperative pain and enhance bone healing, although further high-quality trials are needed to confirm its exact role.
Journal
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics | 3 | | R480.00 | |
| | Development of Efficacious and Less Toxic Endodontic Irrigants from Biosurfactants of Bacterial Origin – A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope Study | Development of Efficacious and Less Toxic Endodontic Irrigants from Biosurfactants of Bacterial Origin – A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope Study
Development of Efficacious and Less Toxic Endodontic Irrigants from Biosurfactants of Bacterial Origin – A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope Study
Overview
The study compared the penetration depth and area of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biosurfactants inside the dentinal tubules against sodium hypochlorite at three levels (coronal, middle, and apical) under a confocal laser scanning microscope.
Three experimental groups and one control were created using freshly extracted thirty-five maxillary central incisors.
In conclusion, biosurfactants showed better results than sodium hypochlorite in reaching to higher penetration depth and area at all the three levels.
Journal
Contemporary clinical dentistry | 3 | | R470.00 | |
| | A Single-Step Root Coverage Procedure Using Modified Bridge Flap Technique and De-epithelialized Gingival Unit Graft: A Prospective Clinical Study | A Single-Step Root Coverage Procedure Using Modified Bridge Flap Technique and De-epithelialized Gingival Unit Graft: A Prospective Clinical Study
A Single-Step Root Coverage Procedure Using Modified Bridge Flap Technique and De-epithelialized Gingival Unit Graft: A Prospective Clinical Study
Overview
The mucogingival conditions associated with the recession defects at the mandibular anterior region, not only make plaque control difficult to be performed by the patient but also pose a problem in passively advancing the tissues at the recipient site. This surgical technique is used to treat multiple recession defects in the mandibular anterior region.
In conclusion the modified bridge flap technique using d-GUG within the limitations of our study design, showed promising results in terms of recession coverage as well as management of the difficult mucogingival conditions at the mandibular anterior region.
Journal
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | The Effect of Exercise Training on Blood Lipids: A systematic review | The Effect of Exercise Training on Blood Lipids: A systematic review
The Effect of Exercise Training on Blood Lipids: A systematic review
Summary: The Effect of Exercise Training on Blood Lipids
Exercise training (ExTr) improves lipid markers such as total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). A systematic review and meta-analysis of 148 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed significant but modest improvements in these lipid markers with aerobic (AT), resistance (RT), and combined training (CT). The study found CT to be optimal for managing dyslipidemia. Meta-regression indicated that each additional weekly aerobic session and minute of training further improved TC and HDL levels. The analysis confirmed sufficient data to support the benefits of ExTr on lipid profiles.
Journal: Sports Medicine 2024
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Negative Asociation Between Harsh Parenting and Life Satisfaction: Negative coping style as mediator and peer support as moderator | Negative Asociation Between Harsh Parenting and Life Satisfaction: Negative coping style as mediator and peer support as moderator
Negative Asociation Between Harsh Parenting and Life Satisfaction: Negative coping style as mediator and peer support as moderator
Overview Life satisfaction refers to an individual’s self-evaluation of how satisfied they are with their own life. It is significantly positively correlated with mental health status and negatively correlated with depression.
It is necessary to pay attention to factors that influence life satisfaction.
This study explores the negative effects of harsh parenting on life satisfaction among Chinese college students. It also examines how negative coping styles mediate this relationship and how peer support can mitigate the effects of harsh parenting.
It finds that harsh parenting, which includes physical and verbal aggression, is prevalent in China and negatively impacts children's psychological development.
The findings highlight the importance of reducing harsh parenting and promoting peer support to enhance adolescents' life satisfaction. | 3 | | R525.00 | |
| | HIV and Aids Part 2 | HIV and Aids Part 2
Overview
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus transmitted through sexual contact, shared needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. It belongs to the Retroviridae family. All patients who are diagnosed with HIV should be initiated on ART as soon as possible.
HIV can also lead to complications like dementia and chronic diarrhea with weight loss (HIV wasting syndrome).
Exceptions to this include patients presenting with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) or central nervous system tuberculosis (tuberculous meningitis (TBM) or tuberculoma).
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | HIV and Aids Part 1 | HIV and Aids Part 1
Overview
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus transmitted through sexual contact, shared needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. It belongs to the Retroviridae family. Symptoms vary depending on the stage of infection and these include: - Acute stage, which resembles the flu, with fever, malaise, and a generalized rash;
- Asymptomatic stage which generally, has no symptoms.
- Lymphadenopathy, which presents with swelling of lymph nodes, which can be a primary symptom.
- AIDs, which is the advanced stage marked by severe infections or cancers.
HIV can also lead to complications like dementia and chronic diarrhea with weight loss (HIV wasting syndrome).
Sharespike Knowledge Studio | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Ebola Virus Infection | Ebola Virus Infection
Overview
Ebola virus is one of at least 30 known viruses capable of causing viral hemorrhagic fever syndrome. The genus Ebolavirus currently is classified into 5 separate species: Sudan ebolavirus, Zaire ebolavirus, Tai Forest (Ivory Coast) ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, and Bundibugyo ebolavirus. The outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa from 2014 to 2016, involving Zaire ebolavirus, was the largest outbreak of Ebola virus disease in history.
As of September 17, 2019, an active outbreak of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) had resulted in 3,034 confirmed and 111 probable cases of Ebola virus disease, including 2,103 attributable deaths. An experimental vaccine has been credited with limiting the outbreak’s scope.
| 3 | | R500.00 | |
| | Pre-hospital Endotracheal Intubation in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Ventilation Targets and Mortality—a Retrospective Study of 308 Patients | Pre-hospital Endotracheal Intubation in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Ventilation Targets and Mortality—a Retrospective Study of 308 Patients
Pre-hospital Endotracheal Intubation in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Ventilation Targets and Mortality—a Retrospective Study of 308 Patients
Overview Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the main causes of mortality and long-term disability worldwide. Maintaining physiology of brain tissue to the greatest extent possible through optimal management of blood pressure, airway, ventilation, and oxygenation, improves patient outcome. We studied the quality of prehospital care in severe TBI patients by analysing adherence to recommended target ranges for ventilation and blood pressure, prehospital time expenditure, and their effect on mortality, as well as quality of prehospital ventilation assessed by arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) at hospital admission. Normocapnia at hospital admission was strongly associated with reduced probability of mortality. Prehospital and on scene times had no impact on mortality. Conclusions PaCO2 at hospital admission is strongly associated with mortality risk, but normocapnia is achieved only in a minority of patients. Therefore, the time required for placement of an arterial cannula and prehospital blood gas analysis may be warranted in severe TBI patients requiring on-scene tracheal intubation.
Journal Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine Volume 31 Issue 46 | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Risk stratification tools for patients with syncope in emergency medical services and emergency departments: a scoping review | Risk stratification tools for patients with syncope in emergency medical services and emergency departments: a scoping review
Risk stratification tools for patients with syncope in emergency medical services and emergency departments: a scoping review
Overview Risk stratification for patients experiencing syncope presents a significant challenge in (prehospital) emergency care. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and Emergency Department (ED) professionals must quickly distinguish between high-risk and low-risk syncope patients, often under time constraints and with limited resources. Researchers conducted a comprehensive review to identify risk stratification tools for patients experiencing syncope in prehospital and emergency care settings. They reviewed 5385 studies, selecting 38 that discussed 19 distinct tools, mainly developed for Emergency Department (ED) use. One tool was designed specifically for Emergency Medical Services (EMS). Most tools lack thorough validation, though they typically include history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, and additional tests to assess risk. The study highlights the importance of developing validated risk stratification tools to improve the management of syncope patients in emergency settings.
Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Oral Transmucosal Fentanyl Citrate Analgesia in Prehospital Trauma Care: an observational cohort study | Oral Transmucosal Fentanyl Citrate Analgesia in Prehospital Trauma Care: an observational cohort study
Oral Transmucosal Fentanyl Citrate Analgesia in Prehospital Trauma Care: an observational cohort study
Overview
Pain is a common prehospital symptom in trauma patients and requires timely management. Recent studies have indicated that up to 43% of trauma patients experience inadequate analgesia after prehospital treatment, suggesting the need for improvement. Evidence supports the prehospital use of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) in military settings.
This observational cohort study examined the use of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) for prehospital trauma care in remote and challenging environments. Conducted at three ski and bike resorts in Switzerland, the study involved 177 patients treated by trained EMS providers. Results indicated that OTFC is safe, effective, and practical for managing severe pain without the need for intravenous lines. Side effects were rare and mild.
Journal Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine Journal 31 Issue 2
| 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Diagnostic performance of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Prehospital Stroke Scale for identification of stroke and stroke subtypes in an unselected patient cohort with symptom onset < 4.5 h | Diagnostic performance of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Prehospital Stroke Scale for identification of stroke and stroke subtypes in an unselected patient cohort with symptom onset < 4.5 h
Diagnostic performance of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Prehospital Stroke Scale for identification of stroke and stroke subtypes in an unselected patient cohort with symptom onset < 4.5 h
Overview Rapid treatment of stroke is critical for patient outcomes. This study examined glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) alone and with the Prehospital Stroke Score (PreSS) for identifying acute stroke within 4.5 hours of symptom onset. Clinical data and serum samples were collected from Treat-NASPP. Patients with suspected stroke and symptoms lasting = 4.5 hours had blood samples taken and were evaluated using NIHSS. NIHSS was later translated into PreSS, and GFAP was measured with SIMOA. Results showed GFAP alone identified ICrH in unselected patients. When combined with PreSS, GFAP identified subgroups with high proportions of stroke mimics, ICrH, LVO, and AIS (non-LVO strokes). Journal Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine 2023 31:1
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Neural Changes in Children with Residual Speech Sound Disorder After Ultrasound Biofeedback Speech Therapy | Neural Changes in Children with Residual Speech Sound Disorder After Ultrasound Biofeedback Speech Therapy
Neural Changes in Children with Residual Speech Sound Disorder After Ultrasound Biofeedback Speech Therapy
Overview Speech production involves coordination of multiple, complex linguistic and physiological processes that are mediated by the brain. Neuroimaging research has computationally and anatomically identified a network of neural correlates for these processes. Consistently, speech production tasks have been shown to rely on inferior frontal and superior temporal cortices, as well as precentral gyrus, inferior parietal cortex, and basal ganglia (Guenther, 2006; Irwin et al., 2011). However, less is known about potential differences in neural mechanisms associated with speech sound disorders, or how these mechanisms may change with behavioural therapy. The purpose of this study is to explore neural activity and neural connectivity during a simple speech production task for children with residual speech sound disorders (RSSD) before and after treatment Children with residual speech sound disorders (RSSD) have shown differences in neural function for speech production, as compared to their typical peers; however, information about how these differences may change over time and relative to speech therapy is needed. To address this gap, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine functional activation and connectivity on adaptations of the syllable repetition task (SRT-Early Sounds and SRT-Late Sounds) in children with RSSD before and after a speech therapy program. In conclusion, RSSD and treatment with ultrasound visual feedback may thus be associated with neural differences in speech motor and visual association pro-cesses recruited for speech production.
Journal Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Researc Volume 66 Issue 9
| 3 | | R475.00 | |
| | Effectiveness of speech therapy in treating vocal blocking tics in children with Tourette syndrome: Two case reports | Effectiveness of speech therapy in treating vocal blocking tics in children with Tourette syndrome: Two case reports
Effectiveness of speech therapy in treating vocal blocking tics in children with Tourette syndrome: Two case reports
Overview A tic is a sudden, rapid, recurrent, and non-rhythmic motor movement or vocalization, which can be distinguished from other involuntary movements by its typical clinical characteristics. Tics are commonly sparse, but in some patients, they can be almost continuous. The frequency, intensity, number, complexity, and type of tics typically “wax and wane.” Tics can be situational, and they can be temporarily controlled. There is often a premonitory urge or tension preceding tics, which means a person’s ability to sense in advance that a tic is about to occur. The level of this urge varies across patients. Tourette syndrome is characterized by at least two motor tics and one vocal tic, which persist for over a year. Infrequently, tics can manifest as blocking tics in speech when they prevent a person from starting to speak or interrupt their speech flow. Vocal blocking tics (VBTs) resemble stuttering, and they can be difficult to differentiate from each other. A previous report described two patients with severe VBTs who did not benefit from stuttering-therapy-based speech therapy and were treated effectively with cannabis-based medicine. Here, we present the cases of two patients, seven- and nine-year-old boys, who benefited from speech therapy in which stuttering therapy techniques were used. Detailed descriptions of the interventions are included. Further research is needed to test the effectiveness of speech therapy in treating VBTs in a larger group of children with Tourette syndrome.
Journal Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry | 3 | | R475.00 | |
| | Social Communication Delay in an Unbiased Sample of Preschoolers with the FMR1 Premutation | Social Communication Delay in an Unbiased Sample of Preschoolers with the FMR1 Premutation
Social Communication Delay in an Unbiased Sample of Preschoolers with the FMR1 Premutation
Overview The FMR1 premutation (FXpm) involves CGG expansions of 55-200 repeats and is linked to health issues like FXTAS and FXPOI. FXTAS affects 40% of males and 15% of females with FXpm, while FXPOI affects 20%-30% of affected women. Neuropsychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, mood disorders, and social challenges are also common in FXpm individuals. Despite its prevalence in the general population (1:151-291 females and 1:468-845 males), most FXpm carriers remain unaware of their genetic status due to lack of population screening. Understanding the clinical phenotype during childhood has been limited, thus hindering the development of clinical guidelines for screening and intervention. This study aims to explore the social communication profile of children with the FXpm, given that social communication difficulties in adults with FXpm are well-documented and linked to reduced psychosocial functioning. By characterizing these challenges during early childhood, the study seeks to emphasize the importance of early screening and intervention to improve outcomes.
Journal Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | An Assessment of Hearing Health Care Needs in Rural West Central and South Alabama | An Assessment of Hearing Health Care Needs in Rural West Central and South Alabama
An Assessment of Hearing Health Care Needs in Rural West Central and South Alabama
Overview
Not surprisingly, as people age, the prevalence of hearing loss increases. In the United States, roughly 40% of adults over the age of 40 years’ experience hearing loss (National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, 2017). Globally, research has demonstrated that from 1990 to 2019, the years lived with dis-ability (YLD) attributable to hearing loss increased by 73.6% (GBD 2019 Hearing Loss Collaborators, 2021). Age-related hearing loss was the third largest cause of global YLD, after lower back pain and migraine, compared with other disease categories. It was ranked first among sensory disorders (GBD 2019 Hearing Loss Collaborators, 2021). Hearing loss has become a significant public health concern because of its association with physical health, cognition, and emotional well-being. Age-related hearing loss is the third leading cause of global years lived with disability after lower back pain and migraine. Among other sensory disorders, hearing loss is ranked first. To help mitigate these health concerns, access to affordable hearing health care across rural and urban communities will be necessary. For this study, the needs of rural communities and their residents with hearing loss were explored. Individual interviews and focus group discussions with 26 adults with hearing loss, 14 friends and family of those with hearing loss, and 25 community members who worked and lived in rural communities were conducted. It was concluded that future care mitigating health concerns for adults with hearing loss living in rural communities will involve inter professional collaboration and increased access to hearing health care.
Journal
American Journal of Audiology | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Dementia and Hearing Aid Use and Cessation: A National Study | Dementia and Hearing Aid Use and Cessation: A National Study
Dementia and Hearing Aid Use and Cessation: A National Study
Overview Hearing loss is common among older adults, affecting about two-thirds of those aged 70 and over, and up to 80% of those over 80. While often considered a benign aspect of aging, hearing loss is linked to significant health issues such as cognitive decline, poor mental health, and decreased physical function. The primary treatment for hearing loss in the United States is the use of hearing aids. However, the effectiveness of hearing aids in individuals with dementia is less clear, with limited national data on their use and cessation. This study utilized data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study to track hearing aid use among participants over a nine-year period. Researchers aimed to determine whether individuals with dementia were more likely to stop using hearing aids compared to those without dementia. They employed generalized estimating equations logistic regression to account for loss to follow-up and conducted supplemental analyses to examine the impact of caregiving and environmental factors on hearing aid cessation. The findings indicated that older adults with dementia were more likely to discontinue hearing aid use over time, particularly within the first year of adoption. This suggests that dementia significantly influences the continued use of hearing aids. The study highlights the need for strategies to support hearing aid use among those with dementia, such as self-management programs or education for caregivers, to improve communication for individuals facing both hearing loss and cognitive decline.
Journal American Journal of Audiology | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Hyperacusis Diagnosis and Management in the United States: Clinical Audiology Practice Patterns | Hyperacusis Diagnosis and Management in the United States: Clinical Audiology Practice Patterns
Hyperacusis Diagnosis and Management in the United States: Clinical Audiology Practice Patterns
Overview This study surveyed U.S. clinical audiologists to understand their practices regarding hyperacusis, a condition characterized by reduced tolerance to sound. Key findings include: • 15.2% of adults and 17.1% of children experience hyperacusis. • Hyperacusis involves discomfort, negative emotional reactions, and sometimes physical pain in response to sound. • Clinical audiologists lack uniform education on hyperacusis and face barriers to evidence-based diagnosis and management. • Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach. The survey results aim to improve educational programs and develop systematic clinical protocols for hyperacusis management.
Journal American Journal of Audiology
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Predictors of post-intubation hypotension in trauma patients following prehospital emergency anaesthesia: a multi-centre observational study | Predictors of post-intubation hypotension in trauma patients following prehospital emergency anaesthesia: a multi-centre observational study
Predictors of post-intubation hypotension in trauma patients following prehospital emergency anaesthesia: a multi-centre observational study
Overview
Post-intubation hypotension (PIH) is common after prehospital emergency anaesthesia (PHEA) and is linked to increased mortality in trauma patients. A multi-centre retrospective study in the UK found that clinician judgment and provider intuition are the most reliable predictors of PIH, often influencing the administration of reduced doses of induction medications for high-risk patients.
Journal Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine Volume 31 Issue 26
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Effectiveness of remotely delivered speech therapy in persons with Parkinson’s disease – a randomised controlled trial | Effectiveness of remotely delivered speech therapy in persons with Parkinson’s disease – a randomised controlled trial
Effectiveness of remotely delivered speech therapy in persons with Parkinson’s disease – a randomised controlled trial
Overview Evidence supports the benefits of speech therapy in Parkinson's disease, but multiple in-person treatments present challenges for patients. This study assessed the effectiveness of remotely delivered and personalized speech therapy on improving quality of life and speech quality for individuals with Parkinson's disease. Up to 70% of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) may face issues with speech intelligibility due to hypokinetic dysarthria, impacting social interaction and quality of life. Hypokinetic speech is characterized by a soft, monotonous voice and small articulation movements, which deteriorate when fatigued. Since pharmacological treatment offers limited improvement, speech therapy is the preferred option to enhance speech quality and intelligibility. It is considered an integral part of comprehensive care for PD at all stages of the disease. Recent systematic reviews indicate increasing evidence for the effectiveness of speech therapy in PD. However, further research is required to explore its full potential due to limitations in previous studies, including small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. Additionally, outcome measures used in prior studies were suboptimal due to their limited clinical relevance. Generalizability was also restricted because most participants had mild to moderate PD, excluding those with more advanced stages of the disease. Personalized remote speech therapy improved communication-related quality of life, though it did not enhance overall quality of life. Journal eClinicalMedicine Volume 11 Issue 76 | 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Impact of isolated lumbar extension strength training on reducing nonspecific low back pain, disability, and improving function: a systematic review and meta-analysis | Impact of isolated lumbar extension strength training on reducing nonspecific low back pain, disability, and improving function: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Impact of isolated lumbar extension strength training on reducing nonspecific low back pain, disability, and improving function: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Overview This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of isolated lumbar extension (ILEX) strength training on nonspecific low back pain. The study included 8 randomized trials with 381 participants. ILEX was found to significantly reduce pain intensity, making it a valuable intervention for pain management. However, its impact on disability and physical functionality was less consistent and not significantly different from control groups. While ILEX showed moderate effects on strength, these were not consistently supported across all studies. Clinically, ILEX is effective for pain reduction but should be combined with pelvic stabilization techniques for better outcomes. Journal Nature Portfolio Scientific Reports Volume 15 Issue 1
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | The Associations Between Sedentary Behaviour and Neck Pain | The Associations Between Sedentary Behaviour and Neck Pain
The Associations Between Sedentary Behaviour and Neck Pain
Overview Research shows a strong link between prolonged sitting and increased neck pain risk, particularly from computer and mobile phone use. Neck pain, a common musculoskeletal disorder, affects about 70% of people globally at least once in their life. The risk is rising due to modern lifestyles and work habits. From 2006 to 2016, disability from neck pain increased by 21.9%, impacting physical function, quality of life, and work efficiency, with high medical and social costs. This study assessed the relationship between daily sedentary behaviour and neck pain risk, examining different populations by age, sex, occupation, and lifestyle. It concluded that longer sedentary periods significantly increase neck pain risk. Preventative measures for high-risk groups, such as females and employees, are necessary. Public health initiatives should aim to reduce sedentary behaviours and promote physical activity to improve neck health and combat the global prevalence of neck pain.
Journal BMC Public Health | 3 | | R495.00 | |
| | The value of Clinical signs in the diagnosis of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy – A Systematic review and Meta-analysis | The value of Clinical signs in the diagnosis of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy – A Systematic review and Meta-analysis
The value of Clinical signs in the diagnosis of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy – A Systematic review and Meta-analysis
Overview
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a progressive spine condition and the most common cause of spinal cord dysfunction globally. Patients with DCM can exhibit subtle, nonspecific symptoms in their upper and lower extremities, making it challenging to diagnose this condition initially. Symptoms reported by patients include bilateral arm paresthesia, reduced manual dexterity, gait instability, and weakness. Other symptoms may include neck pain or stiffness, Lhermitte’s phenomena, and urinary or fecal urgency or incontinence. The delayed diagnosis of DCM is likely due to a combination of its subtle symptoms, incomplete neurological assessments by clinicians, and a lack of public and professional awareness. Establishing diagnostic criteria for DCM could facilitate earlier referral for definitive management. This systematic review aims to determine (i) the diagnostic accuracy of various clinical signs and (ii) the association between clinical signs and disease severity in DCM. In conclusion, the presence of clinical signs indicating spinal cord compression should prompt healthcare professionals to conduct further investigations, such as neuroimaging, to either confirm or refute a diagnosis of DCM.
Journal Global Spine Volume 14 Issue 4
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Multifidus Degeneration: The Key Imaging Predictor of Adjacent Segment Disease | Multifidus Degeneration: The Key Imaging Predictor of Adjacent Segment Disease
Multifidus Degeneration: The Key Imaging Predictor of Adjacent Segment Disease
Overview Adjacent segment disease (ASD), which is the degeneration of the segment next to the instrumentation, is a common long-term outcome of spinal fusion and is a primary reason for revision surgery. The incidence of radiographic ASD varies widely, with annual and 10-year revision surgery rates of 2.5% and 22.2%, respectively. The occurrence of ASD is influenced by several factors, including the definition of ASD, preexisting degeneration of adjacent discs, preoperative conditions, surgical techniques used, the number of segments fused, and the length of the follow-up period. Although not all ASDs are clinically significant, radiologically defined symptomatic ASD is a major factor for poorer patient-reported outcomes and revision surgery. These revision surgeries are more complex and riskier than the initial surgery. The objective of this course is to identify imaging predictors on pre- and perioperative imaging that are associated with a future revision surgery for ASD following lumbar fusion. It was found that multifidus fatty infiltration is a key imaging predictor for the development of ASD requiring surgical revision, while disc degeneration and spinopelvic alignment appear to have less impact.
Journal Global Spine Journal Volume 15 Issue 1
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Understanding and Addressing Older Adults’ Loneliness: The Social Relationship Expectations Framework | Understanding and Addressing Older Adults’ Loneliness: The Social Relationship Expectations Framework
Understanding and Addressing Older Adults’ Loneliness: The Social Relationship Expectations Framework
Overview
Loneliness is an experience resulting from a perceived discrepancy between expected and actual social relationships. Although this discrepancy is widely considered the “core mechanism” of loneliness, previous research and interventions have not sufficiently addressed what older adults specifically expect from their social relationships.
The consensus psychological definition of loneliness is a feeling that results from a perceived discrepancy between desired and achieved levels of social relationships (Peplau & Perlman, 1982). This gap between expected and actual social relationships may be considered the “core mechanism” of loneliness. To address this gap and to help situate research on older adults’ loneliness within broader life span developmental theories, we propose a theoretical framework that outlines six key social relationship expectations of older adults based on research from psychology, gerontology, and anthropology: availability of social contacts, receiving care and support, intimacy and understanding, enjoyment and shared interests, generativity and contribution, and being respected and valued. We further argue that a complete understanding of loneliness across the life span requires attention to the powerful impacts of contextual factors (e.g., culture, functional limitations, social network changes) on the expression and fulfilment of older adults’ universal and age-specific relationship expectations.
The proposed Social Relationship Expectations Framework may fruitfully inform future loneliness research and interventions for a heterogeneous aging population
Journal Perspectives on Psychological Science Volume 18 Issue 4 | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Psychology of Abusive Human Behaviour | Psychology of Abusive Human Behaviour
Psychology of Abusive Human Behaviour
Overview
The aim of this article is to explore the psychology of abusive human behaviour with special attention to gaslighting, defamation of character, mockery, bullying, and mobbing, based on the so-far published scientific literature, and my own experience and observations. Abusive human behaviour can have various forms, but the motivation is almost always the same: power and control over the victim.
Abusive human behaviour can have various forms. The most common motivation for abusive behaviour is power and control over the victim. Abusers are possessive, although they usually deny their actions of blaming and controlling the victim, and on the other hand, are insecure and suffer from untreated mental health problems, including depression and suicidal ideation psychological abuse, especially if longer lasting, can cause serious psychological and even physical damage to the victim. Society should be more aware of the detrimental effects of abusive human behaviour in its variety of forms and be ready to offer adequate medical, psychological and legal help for the victim.
Journal Open Journal of Medical Psychology Volume 11 Issue 2 | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | The impact of an open-label design on human amniotic membranes vs. silver sulfadiazine dressings for second-degree burns: a randomized controlled clinical trial | The impact of an open-label design on human amniotic membranes vs. silver sulfadiazine dressings for second-degree burns: a randomized controlled clinical trial
The impact of an open-label design on human amniotic membranes vs. silver sulfadiazine dressings for second-degree burns: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Overview Proper medical management of burn wounds is crucial due to their significant psycho-emotional, socioeconomic impacts, and severe pain. The employment of synthetic and biological dressings enhances healing and minimizes complications associated with burn wounds. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of human amniotic membrane (hAM) dressings versus conventional silver sulfadiazine (SSDZ) ointment dressings in treating second-degree burn wounds. Burn injuries pose a major challenge for both societies and healthcare systems globally [1]. Burns represent the fourth most common type of injury worldwide, following accidents, falls, and violence [2]. Historically, burn wounds have been linked with poor prognosis. Nearly 50% of burn patients are admitted to specialized burn units, with approximately 200,000 to 300,000 individuals succumbing to fire-related burns annually around the world [3]. Burn wounds are categorized into first-degree (epidermal injury), second-degree (dermal and epidermal injury), third-degree (damage to the entire skin layer), and fourth degree (damage extending to the hypodermal layer) [4]. Second-degree burn wounds are the most prevalent and painful, representing over 50% of all burn injuries. In conclusion, despite its higher cost, hAM, as an advanced therapeutic dressing, demonstrates clear advantages over SSDZ ointment in terms of wound healing and pain management.
Journal BMC Surgery Volume 24 Issue 1 | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Long-term outcomes of corneal transplantation: a review of 8,378 patients | Long-term outcomes of corneal transplantation: a review of 8,378 patients
Long-term outcomes of corneal transplantation: a review of 8,378 patients
Overview The purpose of this study is to analyse the outcomes of corneal transplantation procedures over a 13-year period at Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran, to identify trends and determinants influencing the frequency and success of primary and re-transplantations. Corneal blindness, a significant global health concern ranks as the third leading cause of vision loss world¬wide, trailing only cataract and glaucoma. Affecting millions, with an estimated 10 million individuals expe¬riencing bilateral corneal blindness, this condition necessitates effective interventions to alleviate its burden. For over a century, corneal transplantation has emerged as a beacon of hope for those suffering from corneal blindness. Since its inception, this procedure has evolved into the most prevalent form of allogeneic trans¬plantation globally. Individuals receive corneal trans¬plants for a diverse array of reasons, which demonstrate variations both geographically and over time. These variations in the prevalence of underlying causes for corneal transplantation can be attributed to a multitude of factors including shifts in disease patterns, advance¬ments in medical understanding and technology, as well as changes in environmental and demographic factors. This highlights the dynamic nature of the indications for corneal transplantation, which are influenced by both spatial and temporal factors. While the underlying etiologies may differ across populations, the goal remains consistent: to restore vision and improve quality of life [Conclusion The study highlights the importance of patient age, surgeon experience, and the choice of surgical technique in the success rates of corneal transplants. These factors are crucial for optimizing patient outcomes and minimizing the necessity for re-transplantations.
Journal BMC Ophthalmology Volume 25 Issue 1
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| | The prevalence and 6-year incidence of myopic tessellation in a Chinese rural adult population: the Handan Eye Study | The prevalence and 6-year incidence of myopic tessellation in a Chinese rural adult population: the Handan Eye Study
The prevalence and 6-year incidence of myopic tessellation in a Chinese rural adult population: the Handan Eye Study
Overview Fundus tessellation is characterized by the visibility of the underlying choroid vessels around the fovea and arcade vessels. It is considered that axial elongation of the eyeball results in a thinning of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choriocapillaris, which causes the choroidal vessels to be visible. Previous studies have shown that fundus tessellation is significantly correlated with myopia and myopic retinopathy. Victor TC KOH et al. found that 85.7% of young Singaporean men with high myopia (myopia diopter < -10.0D) had fundus tessellation. In 2015, an international photographic classification and grading system for myopic maculopathy proposed by Ohno Matsui et al. defined fundus tessellation as category 1 myopic maculopathy. Although previous studies have shown that myopes with fundus tessellation have better best corrected visual acuity than those with other myopic macular diseases. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence and the cumulative 6-year incidence of fundus tessellation in a rural Chinese adult population. It was concluded that the prevalence and 6-year incidence of fundus tessellation were 9.89% and 1.21% in rural Chinese adults aged 30 + years, respectively. The progression rate in participants with fundus tessellation indicates the importance of regular follow-up for these patients.
Journal BMC Ophthalmology
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| | Evaluation of macular retinal oximetry across different levels of diabetic retinopathy: a cross sectional study | Evaluation of macular retinal oximetry across different levels of diabetic retinopathy: a cross sectional study
Evaluation of macular retinal oximetry across different levels of diabetic retinopathy: a cross sectional study
Overview Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of prevent¬able blindness in working aged Americans. It is char¬acterized by vascular and neuronal changes that can lead to inflammation, oxidative stress, and retinal ischemia]. These structural and functional changes significantly affect the metabolic demand and activity in the retina. Retinal oxygen saturation has been evaluated as a meta¬bolic biomarker for the retina that is altered in DR. In non-proliferative DR (NPDR), oxygen saturation in the larger vessels is positively correlated with increasing severity of DR. However, in proliferative DR, oxy¬gen saturation may continue to increase or decline. The initial climb in oxygen saturation is thought to be the result of a compensatory mechanism in response to the increase in ischemic changes that occur as DR progresses. Retinal oximetry provides a non-invasive measurement of oxygen saturation within the retinal vasculature This study evaluates retinal oxygen saturation and vessel density within the macula and correlates these measures in controls and subjects with type 2 diabetes (DM) with (DMR) and without (DMnR) retinopathy. Changes in retinal oxygen saturation have not been evaluated regionally in diabetic patients. In conclusion this study is the first to evaluate the relationship between macular oxygen saturation and SCP vascular density at different levels of retinopathy. This may be useful to track patients with DM as they move through stages of retinopathy.
Journal BMC Ophthalmology Volume 25 Issue 1 | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Effects of tropicamide and compound tropicamide eye drops on ocular biological parameters and choroid thickness in children | Effects of tropicamide and compound tropicamide eye drops on ocular biological parameters and choroid thickness in children
Effects of tropicamide and compound tropicamide eye drops on ocular biological parameters and choroid thickness in children
Overview Myopia is a significant global public health issue, projected to affect 49.8% of the world’s population by 2050, with approximately 20% developing high myopia. With the use of electronic devices, the incidence of myopia is on the rise, especially in the child and adolescent population. A 2021 study found that the prevalence of myopia among 34,644 students in Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China, was 60%. Of these, 45% had mild myopia, 13% had moderate myopia, and 1.9% had severe myopia. Sharon Y L Chua et al. followed up with 928 schoolchildren aged 7–9 years in the Singapore Cohort of Risk Factors for Myopia (SCORM) for up to 11 years, it was found that the younger the age of onset of myopia or the longer the duration of myopic progression in myopic children, the more likely they were to progress to high myopia. Currently, there is no definitive cure for myopia, highlighting the importance of early prevention to control its progression. The purpose of this course is to evaluate the effects of short-acting cycloplegic agents, tropicamide and compound tropicamide, on ocular biological parameters and choroid thickness. Some ocular biological parameters were altered after application of short-acting cycloplegic agent tropicamide and compound tropicamide to paralyze the ciliary muscle. Compared with compound tropicamide, tropicamide eye drops can reduce axial length while increasing choroid thickness.
Journal BMC Ophthalmology Volume 25 Issue 1 | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Delayed macular development in preterm infants with spontaneously regressed retinopathy of prematurity | Delayed macular development in preterm infants with spontaneously regressed retinopathy of prematurity
Delayed macular development in preterm infants with spontaneously regressed retinopathy of prematurity
Overview The human macula is responsible for high spatial resolution and central and colour vision. Abnormal development of the macula leads to visual impairment and may be related to occipital cortex paraphasia and disruptions in visual pathways at the level of the optic chiasm. The human macula forms in late gestation (between 25 and 27 weeks) and continues to develop in the first several years of life. Unlike the in-utero environment, preterm infants’ macular maturation is easily affected by many factors in the ex-utero environment, such as premature birth, ROP, gestational ages (GA), birth weight (BW), sex, race, etc. ROP is a vasoproliferative retinal disorder seen in infants who are premature and have low birth weight. Long-term visual acuity may be highly variable in patients with a history of ROP, even in cases where macular anatomy appears ophthalmoscopically normal. This may be related to the macular dysplasia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the macular development in preterm infants with spontaneously regressed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) utilizing handheld spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) during the early postnatal period. In conclusion, the spontaneously regressed ROP resulted in immature macular development in the early postnatal period. The inner retinal layers mainly contribute to this but not the outer retinal layers, indicating that the macular fovea’s inner and outer retina layers developed asynchronously. ROP is an influential factor in macular development and maturation. This may be associated with the higher probability of visual impairment in children with a history of spontaneous regression of ROP at a prior time Journal BMC Ophthalmology Volume 25 Issue 1 | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Factors influencing streaming to general practitioners in emergency departments: A qualitative study | Factors influencing streaming to general practitioners in emergency departments: A qualitative study
Factors influencing streaming to general practitioners in emergency departments: A qualitative study
Overview Emergency Department (ED) attendance is rising globally, with many cases that could be managed in general practice. In England, policies require some patients in EDs to be "streamed" or directed to general practitioners (GPs) working within or alongside EDs. However, evidence for this approach is limited, and the processes involved lack thorough exploration. This study investigates patient streaming to GPs across 10 sites in England. Using qualitative data from 186 observations and 226 interviews with healthcare professionals, six key themes were identified that influence streaming success: structural support, personnel development, effective protocols, negotiation of primary/secondary care boundaries, interprofessional relationships, and patient safety concerns. The study found that the skills of streaming nurses and the collaboration between streamers and GPs were critical for safe and effective streaming. However, there was no single streaming model linked to success. Instead, various factors contributed to good practice, and the issue of "inappropriate" streaming—where patients were misdirected—was identified as a challenge. The study offers key recommendations to improve streaming practices and highlights the importance of tailored solutions across different sites to enhance the effectiveness of streaming in EDs.
Journal: International Journal of Nursing Studies Volume 120 Issue 10 | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Outcome of laparoscopic feeding jejunostomy, comparison of a pure laparoscopic technique with Witzel’s tunnel to open technique: a retrospective cohort study | Outcome of laparoscopic feeding jejunostomy, comparison of a pure laparoscopic technique with Witzel’s tunnel to open technique: a retrospective cohort study
Outcome of laparoscopic feeding jejunostomy, comparison of a pure laparoscopic technique with Witzel’s tunnel to open technique: a retrospective cohort study
Overview Obstructive upper GI cancer commonly uses feeding jejunostomy as a standard procedure. Surgeons implemented laparoscopic feeding jejunostomy via minimally invasive surgery, employing a variety of techniques. This study assessed the perioperative results, safety, and costs associated with laparoscopic versus open jejunostomy surgeries. We used only Witzel’s tunnel and standard laparoscopic instruments. We collected data from all patients who underwent feeding jejunostomy between January 2016 and June 2018. We recorded pertinent data on baseline, surgical outcomes, postoperative results, complications, and costs. The study excluded patients with jejunostomy as a conversion or an addition. It was concluded that Laparoscopic jejunostomy feeding was safe, and postoperative morphine consumption was lower. Increasing operational costs did not have a significant impact on overall expenditures. Witzel’s tunnel may reduce jejunostomy site infections.
Journal BMC Surgery Volume 24 Issue 1 | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Postoperative outcomes after splenectomy: a 20-year single-center experience in Colombia | Postoperative outcomes after splenectomy: a 20-year single-center experience in Colombia
Postoperative outcomes after splenectomy: a 20-year single-center experience in Colombia
Overview Splenectomy indications are well documented; however, several infectious complications and potentially life-threatening conditions could arise after splenectomy. We aim to describe a 20-year single-center experience of postoperative outcomes after splenectomy and perform a subgroup analysis according to approach and surgical setting with a 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year follow-up. This study describes a 20-year single-center experience in Colombia, analysing postoperative outcomes after splenectomy with a focus on 30-day, 90-day, and 1-year follow-up periods. Splenectomy, often performed for trauma, abscesses, aneurysms, and malignant conditions, can lead to serious complications. The findings align with international data on postoperative complications and overwhelming post-splenectomy syndrome (OPSI). Further research is recommended to improve management strategies and outcomes, especially for high-risk groups.
Journal BMC Surgery Volume 24 Issue 1 | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Impact of early surgical complications on kidney transplant outcomes | Impact of early surgical complications on kidney transplant outcomes
Impact of early surgical complications on kidney transplant outcomes
Overview
Kidney transplantation (KT) improves clinical outcomes of patients with end stage renal disease. Little has been reported on the impact of early post-operative surgical complications (SC) on long-term clinical outcomes following KT. This article sought to determine the impact of vascular complications, urological complications, surgical site complications, and peri-graft collections within 30 days of transplantation on patient survival, graft function, and hospital readmissions. Kidney transplantation (KT) is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease, offering improved survival and quality of life for the vast majority of patients when compared to other renal replacement therapies. Despite improving patient and graft survival rates over time, the morbidity and mortality associated with postoperative complications remain a significant clinical concern. Early postoperative surgical complications (SC) vary in severity and can be classified according to Clavien Grades. The main categories of SC associated with KT are vascular, urological, peri-graft fluid collections, and surgical site complications. It was concluded that early SC following KT are common and have a significant influence on long-term patient outcomes.
Journal BMC Surgery
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| | Physically Active Lifestyle Attenuates Impairments on Lung Function and Mechanics in Hypertensive Older Adults | Physically Active Lifestyle Attenuates Impairments on Lung Function and Mechanics in Hypertensive Older Adults
Physically Active Lifestyle Attenuates Impairments on Lung Function and Mechanics in Hypertensive Older Adults
Overview Physical activity attenuates hypertension in older adults, but its impact on pulmonary function and mechanics in hypertensive older adults is unknown. The study seeks to understand whether a physically active lifestyle can improve respiratory capacity, the mechanical efficiency of the lungs, and, consequently, the quality of life of these individuals, comparing data between groups of active and sedentary hypertensive older adults.
This is a cross-sectional study. 731 older adults were evaluated, stratified into two initial groups: hypertensive older adults (HE; n = 445) and non-hypertensive older adults (NHE; n = 286). For a secondary analysis, we used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire to sub-stratify HE and NHE into four groups: physically inactive hypertensive (PIH; n = 182), active hypertensive (AH; n = 110), physically inactive non-hypertensive (PINH; n = 104), and active non-hypertensive (ANH; n = 65). Lung function was measured by spirometry, and lung mechanics were assessed by impulse oscillometry.
It was concluded that hypertension is associated with impaired lung function and mechanics in older adults, and a physically active lifestyle attenuates these dysfunctions.
Journal
Advances in Respiratory Medicine Volume 92 Issue 4
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| | Inherited Thrombophilia and Risk of Thrombosis in Children with Cancer: A Single-center Experience | Inherited Thrombophilia and Risk of Thrombosis in Children with Cancer: A Single-center Experience
Inherited Thrombophilia and Risk of Thrombosis in Children with Cancer: A Single-center Experience
Overview Thrombosis is an increasingly recognized complication of childhood malignancy and its treatment. The incidence and etiology of pediatric cancer-related thrombosis is still not well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of common prothrombotic genetic conditions in children with cancer, the frequency of thrombosis, and the role of inherited thrombophilia in the development of thrombosis in a pediatric oncology population.
Forty-seven children (36 treated for haematological malignancies and 11 for solid tumours) with a median age of 8.8. years (range 0.4 – 19.3 years) were included in the study. Genetic polymorphisms of Factor V Leiden (G1691A), prothrombin G20210A, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction-based DNA analysis.
It was concluded that thrombosis is an important complication of childhood cancer. The risk of thrombosis may be increased in patients with Factor V Leiden. In the absence of consensus guidelines, our results support the recommendation for thrombophilia screening in children with cancer.
Journal
Acta Medica Academica | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Factors Predictive of In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Single-Centre Retrospective Analysis | Factors Predictive of In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Single-Centre Retrospective Analysis
Factors Predictive of In-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Single-Centre Retrospective Analysis
Overview This article investigates the causes and factors predictive of in-hospital death among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Thailand.
They retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with SLE admitted between 2017 and 2021. We collected data related to age, sex, body mass index, comor¬bidities, disease duration, medication usage, clinical symptoms, vital signs, laboratory results, evidence of infection, presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, quick sepsis-related organ assessment scores, and SLE disease activity on the date of admission. The length of hospitalization, treatment administered, and subsequent clinical outcomes (including in-hospital complications and death) were also recorded.
It was concluded that infection was the major cause of mortality in patients with SLE. Prior hospitalization within 3 months, initial infection on admission, vasopressor use, and mechanical ventilation during admission are independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with SLE.
Journal
Acta medica academica
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| | Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of an innovative flavonoid lotion in patients with haemorrhoid: a randomised clinical trial | Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of an innovative flavonoid lotion in patients with haemorrhoid: a randomised clinical trial
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of an innovative flavonoid lotion in patients with haemorrhoid: a randomised clinical trial
Overview
Haemorrhoids are one of the most common gastrointestinal and anal diseases. In olive oil and honey propolis, flavonoids have beneficial effects on improving vascular function and decreasing vascular resistance.
In this study, we aimed to produce a combination of these two substances in the form of lotions and assess their healing and side effects in comparison with routine treatment, anti-haemorrhoid ointment (containing hydrocortisone and lidocaine). Design In this randomised clinical trial study, 86 patients with grade 2 or more haemorrhoid degrees, diagnosed by colonoscopy, were divided into two groups, the case (n=44) and control (n=42). The case group was treated with flavonoid lotion, and the control group was treated with anti-haemorrhoid ointment two times per day for 1 month. Patients were followed weekly with history and physical examination. The data of the two groups were collected before and after the intervention and statistically analysed.
According to the results, it was concluded that flavonoid lotion can be an excellent alternative to topical chemical drugs, such as anti-haemorrhoid ointment, in treating haemorrhoid disease. Besides its effectiveness and safety, it can be easily manufactured and widely available to patient.
Journal
Acta medica academica
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| | Can Foot Orthoses Benefit Symptomatic Runners? Mechanistic and Clinical Insights Through a Scoping Review | Can Foot Orthoses Benefit Symptomatic Runners? Mechanistic and Clinical Insights Through a Scoping Review
Can Foot Orthoses Benefit Symptomatic Runners? Mechanistic and Clinical Insights Through a Scoping Review
Overview Running is a popular sport with many health benefits, but it often results in musculoskeletal overuse injuries. Foot orthoses (FOs) are commonly prescribed by clinicians to manage these injuries. However, most studies on FOs focus on uninjured or mixed populations of runners, leaving a gap in understanding their impact on symptomatic runners. This scoping review aimed to evaluate how FOs affect biomechanics, neuromuscular function, pain, and disability in symptomatic runners. After reviewing 30 studies (involving 730 symptomatic runners), the findings suggest that FOs reduce pain and overuse injury symptoms both immediately and long-term. They also influence foot mechanics by decreasing foot/ankle eversion and altering plantar pressure distribution. The effectiveness of FOs depends on specific features of the orthosis. The review recommends further research to standardize FO descriptions and explore how different FO types and participant characteristics (e.g., foot morphology) influence outcomes. It also suggests that FOs are more effective when combined with a broader treatment plan, though more research is needed to optimize their role in treating running injuries.
Journal: Sports Medicine 2024 Volume 10 Issue 1 | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Influence of pain neuroscience education and exercises for the management of neck pain: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials | Influence of pain neuroscience education and exercises for the management of neck pain: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Influence of pain neuroscience education and exercises for the management of neck pain: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Overview It is elusive to combine pain neuroscience education with exercises to treat neck pain, and this meta-analysis aims to study the efficacy of pain neuroscience education plus exercises for the treatment of neck pain. Several databases including PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases were systemically searched from inception to August 2023, and we included the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of pain neuroscience education plus exercises on the relief of neck pain.
It was concluded that pain neuroscience education plus exercises is effective for the relief of neck pain.
Journal Medicine Volume 103 Issue 48
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| | Enterobacter Infection | Enterobacter Infection
Overview
Enterobacter infections can include bacteremia, lower respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs), endocarditis, intra-abdominal infections, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, CNS infections, and ophthalmic infections. Enterobacter infections can necessitate prolonged hospitalization, multiple and varied imaging studies and laboratory tests, various surgical and nonsurgical procedures, and powerful and expensive antimicrobial agents. Enterobacter infections do not have a clinical presentation that is specific enough to differentiate them from other acute bacterial infections. Bacteremia Signs of Enterobacter bacteremia include various symptoms and cause lower respiratory tract infections can manifest identically to those caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae or other organisms Enterobacter infections do not have a clinical presentation that is specific enough to differentiate them from other acute. This course addresses the symptoms and the causes.
Sharespike Knowledge Studio | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | A Novel Approach in the Management of Tibial Plateau Fractures with Compartment Syndrome | A Novel Approach in the Management of Tibial Plateau Fractures with Compartment Syndrome
A Novel Approach in the Management of Tibial Plateau Fractures with Compartment Syndrome
Overview Compartment syndrome associated with tibial plateau fractures represents a significant challenge for orthopedic surgeons. The conventional approach involves early fasciotomy and external fixation, followed by definitive fixation at a later stage. This study prospectively examined Schatzker Type V and VI tibial plateau fractures with impending compartment syndrome, treated with single-stage double incision fasciotomy, dual internal fixation, and Vacuum-Assisted Closure (VAC). The incidence of compartment syndrome in Schatzker Type V and VI tibial plateau fractures is notably high. Managing these fractures, particularly when accompanied by impending compartment syndrome, has proven to be exceptionally challenging. Over the years, various surgical treatments have been developed, each presenting unique advantages and disadvantages. Traditionally, patients were managed through initial fasciotomy and temporary external fixation, with definitive internal fixation occurring at a subsequent stage. Current literature supports multi-staged surgical interventions, with a predominant emphasis on traditional staged procedures; however, knee stiffness remains a significant drawback of this method. Single-stage surgeries in such cases have been associated with numerous complications. Our findings suggest that early double incision fasciotomy combined with definitive dual plate internal fixation and VAC as a single-stage intervention provides excellent to good functional outcomes, with a reduction in complications for patients experiencing impending compartment syndrome.
Journal Indian J Orthop Volume 57 Issue 9
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| | Preoperative predictors of difficult early laparoscopic cholecystectomy among patients with acute calculous cholecystitis in Egypt | Preoperative predictors of difficult early laparoscopic cholecystectomy among patients with acute calculous cholecystitis in Egypt
Preoperative predictors of difficult early laparoscopic cholecystectomy among patients with acute calculous cholecystitis in Egypt
Overview Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) for acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) should be done by skilled surgeons to avoid complications. This study aims to identify preoperative factors predicting difficult ELC in ACC patients. Approximately 40% of patients with gallstones may experience complications like ACC, which presents primarily in 10-15% of cases. Performing ELC within 7 days of admission and 10 days of symptom onset is safer and preferred over intermediate or delayed procedures, offering shorter hospital stays, fewer re-admissions, and lower costs. However, it requires experienced surgeons in hepatobiliary and minimally invasive surgery, and advanced surgical centers with necessary support staff and equipment. The major complication of LC is iatrogenic bile duct injury due to inflamed gallbladder anatomy. Junior surgeons must assess ACC patients carefully before ELC to identify those at risk of difficult procedures, reducing postoperative complications. If risks are found, experienced biliary and laparoscopic surgeons should assist, or patients should be transferred to advanced centers. Bail-out procedures should be considered during difficult operations to prevent further damage.
Journal BMC Surgery Volume 24 Issue 1
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| | Early Diagnosis on ADHD: Is it Possible? | Early Diagnosis on ADHD: Is it Possible?
Early Diagnosis on ADHD: Is it Possible?
Overview Early diagnosis of ADHD is crucial to prevent significant functional impairment and economic burden. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These symptoms can lead to various degrees of functional impairment across different settings. Individuals with undiagnosed ADHD are at higher risk of facing challenges such as imprisonment, depression, and drug misuse. If left undiagnosed and untreated, ADHD can impose a significant economic burden on society. Research in Mexico aimed to assess the accessibility to timely diagnoses for children and adolescents with ADHD, along with their primary caregivers. This pioneering study was conducted in two phases at specialized mental health services. The findings suggest that starting the Access Pathway where signs and symptoms of ADHD are first detected, particularly in schools, can prevent children from suffering the consequences of late diagnosis. School-based mental health service models have been successfully tested in other regions, making them a viable option to shorten the time required to obtain a timely diagnosis and mitigate the negative consequences associated with ADHD.
Journal: BMC Health Services Research
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| | Associations of Symptom Severity of Mentally ill parents on family functioning and children’s mental health | Associations of Symptom Severity of Mentally ill parents on family functioning and children’s mental health
Associations of Symptom Severity of Mentally ill parents on family functioning and children’s mental health
Overview Parental mental illness has a negative impact on children’s mental health. Often, the entire family structure suffers from the consequences of parental illness. The consequences of mental illness impact not only the affected persons themselves, but also the family environment (Perez et al., 2018). Especially children of mentally ill parents have been studied regarding their risk for psychopathology. Children of families with parents with mental illness also use a broad spectrum of mental health care, school-based support, and youth welfare services even if they are not yet diagnosed as having a mental disorder. Parental mental health problems constitute a significant risk for children’s mental health. Children of mentally ill parents have a significantly increased risk of developing a mental illness over the course of their childhood or adolescence compared to the general population. If a parent suffers from mental illness, the child is two to three times more likely to be mentally ill as well, with the risk elevating to a fivefold when both parents are affected The results of this study s underline the importance of personalized interventions in terms of parental symptom severity to minimize negative outcomes for children and the whole family.
Journal: Psychology 2024
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| | Effect of group sand play therapy on psychopathologies of adolescents with delinquent behaviours | Effect of group sand play therapy on psychopathologies of adolescents with delinquent behaviours
Effect of group sand play therapy on psychopathologies of adolescents with delinquent behaviours
Overview Adolescence is a period in which drastic changes occur in physiological, emotional, and cognitive aspects of development. Adolescents often express diverse conflicts and confusions stemming from physical changes, identity establishment, and environmental adaptation processes, which manifest as various problematic behaviours. These developmental conflicts often make adolescents vulnerable to delinquency and deviant behaviours. Glueck and Glueck investigated the differences between 500 delinquent adolescents and 500 typical adolescents from Boston, along parameters including relationship with parents, personality, and temperament, and suggested that individual traits such as defiance, impulsiveness, and emotional instability are predictors of delinquency. Prior research has established adolescent vulnerability to delinquent behaviour. This single arm, noninterventional, observational study investigated the effect of sand play therapy on the psychopathologies of adolescents with delinquent behaviour. A total of 68 adolescents participated in the study. Results of this study showed that group sand play therapy is effective in improving internalizing problems such as depression and anxiety, as well as externalizing problems of ADHD features and impulsiveness among adolescents with deviant behaviours.
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| | Prediction of osteoporosis using MRI and CT scans with unimodal and multimodal deep-learning models | Prediction of osteoporosis using MRI and CT scans with unimodal and multimodal deep-learning models
Prediction of osteoporosis using MRI and CT scans with unimodal and multimodal deep-learning models
Overview Osteoporosis involves the systematic degeneration of the human skeleton, leading to decreased quality of life and increased mortality risk. Predicting osteoporosis can help reduce these risks and enable patients to take necessary precautions. Deep-learning models have shown accurate results using various imaging modalities. This research aimed to develop unimodal and multimodal deep-learning diagnostic models to predict bone mineral loss in the lumbar vertebrae using magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) imaging. Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal degenerative disease marked by the deterioration of bone tissue microstructure and low bone mineral density (BMD), resulting in increased bone fragility and fracture susceptibility. Fragility fractures are the main complication of osteoporosis, impacting morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. As the elderly population grows, osteoporosis prevalence is rising. By 2020, it was estimated that approximately 12.3 million individuals over 50 in the United States would have osteoporosis. Research by Tuzun et al. indicated that the prevalence of osteoporosis among Turkish citizens increases with age, affecting 3%-4% of individuals at age 50 and more than 30% by age 80. These numbers are projected to increase by 64% (870,000 men and 1,841,000 women) by 2035. This study showed that osteoporosis could be accurately predicted using the proposed models with both MR and CT images, with a multimodal approach enhancing prediction accuracy. Further research involving prospective studies with a larger patient cohort may facilitate integrating these technologies into clinical practice.
Journal Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
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| | Comparison of mammography and ultrasound findings in the follow-up of patients with breast cancer treated with segmental mastectomy followed by intraoperative electron radiotherapy versus external whole breast radiotherapy | Comparison of mammography and ultrasound findings in the follow-up of patients with breast cancer treated with segmental mastectomy followed by intraoperative electron radiotherapy versus external whole breast radiotherapy
Comparison of mammography and ultrasound findings in the follow-up of patients with breast cancer treated with segmental mastectomy followed by intraoperative electron radiotherapy versus external whole breast radiotherapy
Overview This study aims to describe imaging findings in patients treated with intraoperative electron radiotherapy (IOeRT) and compare them with those detected in patients treated with external whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT). Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is an adjuvant treatment option for selected cases of early-stage breast cancer. It is administered using either electron beams (IOeRT) or X-ray, and it can be used alone as primary radiotherapy or as a boost followed by WBRT. The advantages of IORT include direct visualization of the tumour bed, reduced skin doses, and patient convenience. There are limited reports on the radiological findings in patients treated with IORT. Some studies have indicated that postoperative changes in mammography and ultrasound (US) are more pronounced in patients treated with IORT compared to those treated conventionally with WBRT. Ill-defined non-mass lesions detected on US in the IORT group have not been previously defined. Radiologists should be aware of these lesions as they can be confusing, particularly in early follow-up studies. This study found that minor findings are observed more frequently in low-density breasts, while major findings are more common in high-density breasts within the IORT group. This observation has not been reported before, and further studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to confirm these results.
Journal Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Volume 29 Issue 6
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| | Head-to-head comparison of 18F-FDG PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/MRI for lymph node metastasis staging in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis | Head-to-head comparison of 18F-FDG PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/MRI for lymph node metastasis staging in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis
Head-to-head comparison of 18F-FDG PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/MRI for lymph node metastasis staging in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis
Overview
This meta-analysis compared the diagnostic performance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT with 18F-FDG PET/MRI in staging lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). According to the 2020 Global Cancer Observatory, lung cancer has the highest mortality rate (about 18% of all cancer deaths) and the second highest incidence rate (around 11.4% of new cancer cases). NSCLC is the most common type, accounting for roughly 80% of lung cancers. Assessing distant and mediastinal lymph node metastases in NSCLC patients is crucial for staging, treatment planning, and prognosis. While CT is a commonly used non-invasive modality for mediastinal staging, it has limited sensitivity and reliability. Over the past decade, 18F-FDG PET/CT has been widely used to evaluate NSCLC due to its ability to distinguish between malignant and benign pulmonary nodules, improve staging accuracy, and predict histology, treatment response, and prognosis. The analysis included six studies with 434 patients. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases for relevant articles from November 1992 to September 2022, focusing on head-to-head comparisons of 18F-FDG PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/MRI in NSCLC lymph node metastasis. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Performance Studies-2 tool.
Journal
Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Volume 30 Issue 2 | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Imaging findings of primary lung tumors in children | Imaging findings of primary lung tumors in children
Imaging findings of primary lung tumors in children
Overview
Pediatric lung tumors are primarily discussed in the surgical literature. However, there is limited research on their imaging findings, and only a few tumor types have been documented. This article aims to describe the imaging features of primary lung tumors in children. Primary lung tumors are uncommon in children and have a different histologic spectrum than adult lung tumors, which changes with age. Metastases and congenital lung masses constitute a substantial proportion of lung neoplasms in children. The incidence of primary, metastatic, and congenital/inflammatory lesions is reported to be 1:5:60. The most prevalent metastatic tumors in the lungs are Wilms tumor and osteosarcoma. Primary lung masses may be located in the tracheobronchial tree or parenchyma. Additionally, parenchymal involvement may occur secondarily through local invasion of mediastinal or chest wall masses. The symptoms associated with lung masses are non-specific, and there is no correlation between tumor size and malignancy. The most common tumors observed in this study were IMT and PPB, respectively. IMT is highly associated with calcification.
Journal
Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
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| | Serum Magnesium is Inversely Associated with Body Composition and Metabolic Syndrome | Serum Magnesium is Inversely Associated with Body Composition and Metabolic Syndrome
Serum Magnesium is Inversely Associated with Body Composition and Metabolic Syndrome
Overview
Magnesium is vital to maintain normal physiological functions. We aimed to identify the association between serum magnesium and different measures of body adiposity among Qatari adults. We hypothesized that the association was mediated by depression and sleep duration.
The study included 1000 adults aged 20 years and above who attended the Qatar Biobank Study (QBB) between 2012 and 2019. Body adiposity was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Serum magnesium concentration was measured. Sub-optimal magnesium was defined as magnesium concentration less than 0.85 mmol/L. The association was examined using linear regression.
It was concluded that there was an inverse association between serum magnesium and fat mass, especially among those with an adequate sleep duration and without chronic conditions including diabetes, hypertension and depression.
Journal
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity Volume 2023 Issue 16
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| | Is Dry Needling Effective When Combined with Other therapies for Myofascial Trigger Points Associated with Neck Pain Symptom | Is Dry Needling Effective When Combined with Other therapies for Myofascial Trigger Points Associated with Neck Pain Symptom
Is Dry Needling Effective When Combined with Other therapies for Myofascial Trigger Points Associated with Neck Pain Symptom
Overview
Neck pain is the fourth ranked condition in number of years lived with disability and has a lifetime prevalence of 70% and a point prevalence of 20% in the general population. Physical therapy is often considered the first treatment option for people with neck pain. Different therapeutic strategies, e.g., cervical spine mobilizations and manipulations thoracic manipulations, therapeutic exercise or education, have shown to be effective for the treatment of neck pain. However, evidence supporting the use of other therapies proposed for the management of neck pain, such as dry needling, is still limited.
It is important to note that clinicians do not usually treat patients with neck pain with just one isolated intervention, and multimodal approaches are generally advocated. In fact, clinical practice guidelines for physical therapy management of people with neck pain recommend a combination of manual therapy combined with exercise as a potential therapeutic strategy for this population
This study concluded that Low-to-moderate evidence suggests a positive effect to the combination of dry needling with other interventions for improving pain intensity, pain-related disability, pressure pain thresholds, and cervical range of motion in people with neck pain associated with TrPs at short-term. No midterm or long-term effects were observed.
Journal
Hindawi Pain Research and Management Volume 2021, Article ID 8836427 – 24 pages
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| | Effectiveness of Dry Needling in Improving Pain and Function in Comparison with Other Techniques in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | Effectiveness of Dry Needling in Improving Pain and Function in Comparison with Other Techniques in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Effectiveness of Dry Needling in Improving Pain and Function in Comparison with Other Techniques in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Overview
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the short-, mid-, and long-term effectiveness of dry needling in improving pain and functional capacity of patients with chronic neck pain. Neck pain is suffered by at least 30% of adults worldwide with a prevalence of 24439 to 61512 cases per 100000 population. Chronic symptoms are developed by 44% of the patients and this condition is as important as lumbar pain in prevalence and duration. When the problem turns chronic, there is an elevated economic and healthcare cost Myofascial pain syndrome is defined as a set of autonomic, motor, and sensory signs and symptoms provoked by myofascial trigger points (MTPs). It often contributes to the appearance of mechanical neck pain, and it is associated with the chronification of the symptoms. All the studies reported improvements in cervical pain and/or disability, regardless of the protocol followed and the muscles targeted. No serious adverse effects were reported. Dry needling showed to be more effective when compared with other therapies in both women and men, without differences by sex. When the analysis was carried out by age, patients over 40 years old benefitted more than those below 40 years old. Our meta-analysis supports the use of dry needling to improve pain and functional capacity in patients with chronic neck pain at short- and mid-term interval.
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| | Efficacy of Patellar Taping and Electromyographic Biofeedback Training at Various Knee Angles on Quadriceps Strength and Functional Performance in Young Adult Male Athletes with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial | Efficacy of Patellar Taping and Electromyographic Biofeedback Training at Various Knee Angles on Quadriceps Strength and Functional Performance in Young Adult Male Athletes with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of Patellar Taping and Electromyographic Biofeedback Training at Various Knee Angles on Quadriceps Strength and Functional Performance in Young Adult Male Athletes with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Overview
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is referred to as peripatellar or retropatellar pain, which is characterized by alterations in the physical and biomechanical features of the patellofemoral joint. The most excruciating discomfort is experienced when sitting or kneeling for extended periods of time with bent knees and climbing or descending stairs. The severity of the articular lesion is the single most essential element in investigating the extent of flexion that is required for activities. However, a prior study found no differences in muscle strength gains of quadriceps muscles at different knee angles in people with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). The object of this study is to confirm the effects of patellar taping and electromyographic biofeedback (EMG-BF)-guided isometric quadriceps strengthening at different knee angles (e.g., 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion) on quadriceps strength and functional performance in people with PFPS were compared in this single-blind randomized controlled parallel trial. The findings indicated that individuals who trained their quadriceps at a 60° knee angle had significantly stronger quadriceps muscles than individuals who trained at 30° or 90° of knee flexion.
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| | Influence of Blood Flow restriction Training on the Aerobic Capacity: A systematic review and meta-analysis | Influence of Blood Flow restriction Training on the Aerobic Capacity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Influence of Blood Flow restriction Training on the Aerobic Capacity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Overview
Blood flow restriction training (also known as KAATSU training) uses professional equipment to apply pressure to the base of the limbs to limit the blood flow at the distal end of the limbs during exercise, thereby stimulating muscle growth and improving muscle strength with a low exercise intensity. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis on the effects of blood flow restriction training on aerobic capacity. Methods: A systematic review and quantitative evidence synthesis (QES) was used to examine the effects of blood flow restriction training on the aerobic capacity. In addition, the effect of high intensity exercise is achieved with only a low-intensity load under blood flow restriction training, which has the advantages of low intensity, high frequency, and fast recovery. It was founded that blood flow restriction training promoted the improvement in aerobic capacity. Blood flow restriction training, which is a low intensity exercise, significantly affected aerobic capacity. Twelve blood flow restriction training sessions a week achieved significantly better results than a frequency of two to four training sessions per week. A daily blood flow restriction training session of 6 to 30 min significantly improved aerobic capacity.
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| | Acute and Short-Term Effects of Dry Needling in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain and Hamstring Tightness: A Pilot Study | Acute and Short-Term Effects of Dry Needling in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain and Hamstring Tightness: A Pilot Study
Acute and Short-Term Effects of Dry Needling in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain and Hamstring Tightness: A Pilot Study
Overview
Low back pain (LBP) is one of the common health conditions, with a prevalence of 1.4–20% in developed countries and a global prevalence of 9.4%. In Iran, the prevalence of LBP is higher than average, and about 27% of Iranian adults suffer from chronic LBP. LBP leads to higher years lived with disability than other conditions globally. In most cases, no underlying pathological condition can be found as the cause of LBP, called nonspecific LBP.
Muscle tightness contributes to musculoskeletal conditions. Previous studies have found that hamstring tightness is a contributing factor to LBP. Tightness of hamstring muscles in patients with LBP influences lumbar pelvic rhythm and is associated with severe lumbar pain and changes in the sagittal curvature of spine. Therefore, physiotherapy interventions are often applied to target hamstring muscle tightness in patients with LBP. Dry needling (DN) is one of the physiotherapy interventions, which has been utilized in patients with LBP.
This pilot study supports the use of DN in patients with LBP and hamstring tightness.
Journal
Hindawi The Scientific World Journal Volume 2021, Article ID 7259956, 6 pages | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | MR Imaging of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis: Updated Evidence on High-Risk Plaque Features and Emerging Trends | MR Imaging of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis: Updated Evidence on High-Risk Plaque Features and Emerging Trends
MR Imaging of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis: Updated Evidence on High-Risk Plaque Features and Emerging Trends
Overview
MR imaging is well-established as the criterion standard for carotid artery atherosclerosis imaging. The capability of MR imaging to differentiate numerous plaque components has been demonstrated, including those features that are associated with a high risk of sudden changes, thrombosis, or embolization. The field of carotid plaque MR imaging is constantly evolving, with continued
insight into the imaging appearance and implications of various vulnerable plaque characteristics. This article will review the most up-to-date knowledge of these high-risk plaque features on MR imaging and will delve into 2 major emerging topics: the role of vulnerable plaques in cryptogenic strokes and the potential use of MR imaging to modify carotid endarterectomy treatment guidelines.
Journal
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Citation
Benson, J. C., Saba, L., Bathla, G., Brinjikji, W., Nardi, V., & Lanzino, G. (2023). MR Imaging of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis: Updated Evidence on High-Risk Plaque Features and Emerging Trends. AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 44(8), 880–888. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7921 | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Urinary Tract Infection in Women | Urinary Tract Infection in Women
Urinary Tract Infection in Women
Overview
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur far more commonly in women, accounting for at least 8 million visits to various types of healthcare facilities in the United States per year. Cystitis (bladder infection) represents most of these infections (see the image below). 20% of women suffer from at least one UTI in their lifetime. Related terms include pyelonephritis, which refers to upper UTI, and bacteriuria or funguria, which describe findings of bacteria or yeast, respectively, in the urine.
Formulation of a successful diagnostic and treatment plan is based on determining the location of the UTI; underlying physical impairments of the patient, such as diabetes; complicating factors such as nephrolithiasis; prostatic abnormalities; and the presence of resistant organism’s Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur far more commonly in women, accounting for at least 8 million visits to various types of healthcare facilities in the United States per year. Cystitis (bladder infection) represents most of these infections. 20% of women suffer from at least one UTI in their lifetime. Related terms include pyelonephritis, which refers to upper UTI, and bacteriuria or funguria, which describe findings of bacteria or yeast, respectively, in the urine.
Formulation of a successful diagnostic and treatment plan is based on determining the location of the UTI; underlying physical impairments of the patient, such as diabetes; complicating factors such as nephrolithiasis; prostatic abnormalities; and the presence of resistant organisms
Author: Sharespike | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Autism Spectrum Screening Checklist (ASSC): The Development of a Scale to Identify High-Risk Individuals within the Children’s Mental Health System | Autism Spectrum Screening Checklist (ASSC): The Development of a Scale to Identify High-Risk Individuals within the Children’s Mental Health System
Autism Spectrum Screening Checklist (ASSC): The Development of a Scale to Identify High-Risk Individuals within the Children’s Mental Health System
Overview Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex childhood onset neurodevelopmental disorder that has become the fastest growing developmental disability. Due to the increased demand for diagnostic assessments and subsequent increased wait times, standardized screening as part of regular clinical practice is needed. More specifically there is an important need for the development of a more streamlined screening tool within an existing assessment system to identify those at greatest risk of having ASD. The ASSC scale provides an initial screen to help identify children and youth at heightened risk for autism within larger populations being assessed as part of routine practice. The main goal for the development and implementation of the ASSC scale is to harness the power of the existing interRAl assessment system to provide a more efficient, effective screening and referral process. This will ultimately help improve patient outcomes through needs-based care.
Journal Frontiers in Psychiatry Volume 12 | 3 | | R495.00 | |
| | The Child and Adolescent Family Functioning Inventory (CAFFI): Development and Psychometric Properties | The Child and Adolescent Family Functioning Inventory (CAFFI): Development and Psychometric Properties
The Child and Adolescent Family Functioning Inventory (CAFFI): Development and Psychometric Properties
Overview
Substantial empirical support exists demonstrating the efficacy of family therapy in the treatment of serious child and adolescent mental illness. Family dynamics play an important role in a child’s mental health condition and research has shown that as family functioning improves with treatment, the severity of a child’s symptoms decreases. Therefore, the ability to quickly and efficiently assess key areas of family functioning is essential in clinical practice. This paper describes the development and psychometric properties of the Child and Adolescent Family Functioning Inventory (CAFFI), a brief, no cost, publicly available clinical assessment instrument. The CAFFI can be used to both quickly identify key family dynamics at the start of treatment that require immediate clinical attention, as well as an outcome measure to track and demonstrate the family’s clinical progress over time.
Journal Journal of Psychology & Psychotherapy | 3 | | R495.00 | |
| | Learning Disabilities Elevate Children’s Risk for Behavioral-Emotional Problems | Learning Disabilities Elevate Children’s Risk for Behavioral-Emotional Problems
Learning Disabilities Elevate Children’s Risk for Behavioral-Emotional Problems
Overview
Our purpose was to study the frequency of behavioural-emotional problems among children identified with a learning disability (LD).
The study analysed the effect of the severity of LD and gender on the number of behavioural-emotional symptoms reported by teachers and parents. Alarmingly high percentages of children, irrespective of LD type, demonstrated behavioural-emotional problems: more than 37% in Affective, Anxiety, and Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) problems. Contextual variation was large, as more problems were reported by teachers than by mothers. The unique effects of gender and LD type were rare, but the results raised concern for those with MD-only, especially boys. The results underscore the need to draw attention to the importance of assessing children with LD for behavioural-emotional problems and emphasize the importance of teachers’ awareness of behavioural-emotional problems among students with LD and cooperation among child, teacher, and parents in assessment and support planning.
Journal: Journal of learning Disabilities 2022 Volume 55 Issue 6
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| | Relationship between chronic disease and depression: the mediating effect of pain | Relationship between chronic disease and depression: the mediating effect of pain
Relationship between chronic disease and depression: the mediating effect of pain
Overview The incidence of depression was high in people who were female, less educated, unmarried, living in rural areas, and working. Chronic diseases have a high incidence in China and may cause pain and depression. However, the association of chronic diseases with pain and the incidence of depression has not been comprehensively investigated.
The study population was obtained from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The main outcome was the incidence of depression. The main independent variable was chronic disease (no chronic disease, one chronic disease, and two or more chronic diseases). The mediators were the degree of pain (no pain, mild pain, and moderate to severe pain) and whether measures were taken to relieve pain (measures taken and no measures taken). In conclusion the degree of pain had a partial mediating effect on chronic disease and depression. Pain relief measures should be considered when treating patients with depression.
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| | Going Beyond the Visible in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Defence Mechanisms and their Associations with Depression and Health-Related Quality of Life | Going Beyond the Visible in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Defence Mechanisms and their Associations with Depression and Health-Related Quality of Life
Going Beyond the Visible in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Defence Mechanisms and their Associations with Depression and Health-Related Quality of Life
Overview
Clinical psychological features may impact a person’s aptitude to deal with chronic diseases, leading to emotional distress, suffering, and a worse perceived quality of life (QoL). Chronic diseases are largely represented, and their incidence is constantly increasing all over the world. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases and it is very difficult to manage, demanding long term self-management, which improves the perceived QoL. The aim of this study was to explore defence mechanisms, depression, QoL, time since diagnosis, and metabolic control in T2DM patients.
In conclusion of the study the correlations between defence mechanisms, depression and health-related QoL highlight the potential personification and protagonization, which may increase over time due to the illness intrusiveness and worsening of diabetes symptoms. The positive association between defensive strategies and well-being measures should be cautiously considered. URL: Going Beyond the Visible in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Defence Mechanisms and Their Associations With Depression and Health-Related Quality of Life (nih.gov) | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Prevention of Common Mental Disorders | Prevention of Common Mental Disorders
Prevention of Common Mental Disorders
Overview
This article provides information on how to prevent common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety disorders. The concept of resilience was discussed with reference to risk factors and factors protecting against mental disorders.
The article deals with the prevention of mental disorders, describing its specificity and types. It also focuses on the importance of early intervention in the prevention of mental disorders, emphasizing the need for action already at the stage of infancy. The issues of difficulties in self-regulation in early childhood as a risk factor for the development of disorders in the area of mental health were also discussed, and the possibilities of preventive interventions in this regard were discussed
Statistics show that every year more and more people, including children and adolescents, suffer from mental disorders. Despite alarming data, government spending in the mental health area still does not meet mental health needs. Mental disorders are conditioned by many factors, both non-modifiable and modifiable. Modification of risk factors may, therefore, become an opportunity to reduce the probability of mental disorders, but it requires appropriately adapted interactions
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| | Psychological Distress during the Retirement Transition and the Role of Psychosocial Working Conditions and Social Living Environment | Psychological Distress during the Retirement Transition and the Role of Psychosocial Working Conditions and Social Living Environment
Psychological Distress during the Retirement Transition and the Role of Psychosocial Working Conditions and Social Living Environment
Mental health is determined by social, biological, and cultural factors and is sensitive to life transitions. We examine how psychosocial working conditions, social living environment, and cumulative risk factors are associated with mental health changes during the retirement transition.
Mental disorders are one of the leading causes of ill-health and disability, increasing the risk of chronic physical conditions and mortality. Mental health is determined by a range of socioeconomic, biological, and cultural factors and is sensitive to major life changes and transitions. Retirement is an important transitional period in late adulthood, traditionally considered as a stressful event, having negative consequences on mental health due to changes in established routines, loss of work-related roles and activities, and reduced income levels. However, there is accumulating evidence of retirement having positive effects on mental health potentially as a consequence of relief from stressful work, increased leisure time, increased physical activity longer sleep duration and fewer sleep difficulties
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| | Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Psychotherapy: Processes of Meaning Making and Self Transformation | Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Psychotherapy: Processes of Meaning Making and Self Transformation
Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Psychotherapy: Processes of Meaning Making and Self Transformation
MS is a central nervous system disease which is characterised by demyelination, inflammation and neurodegeneration. There are about 2.2 million cases of MS worldwide.
The progression of the illness exhibits significant individual variation ranging from vision problems, fatigue, spasticity and pain to cognitive dysfunction and mood disorders
Recent empirical literature on autoimmune diseases has focused extensively on the implementation and evaluation of psychosocial interventions. Psychotherapy and counselling processes for multiple sclerosis (MS) have gained special attention given the cognitive and behavioural dimensions of the symptoms as well as their unpredictable course. The current study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the meaning making processes for persons with MS (PwMS) who are in psychotherapy treatment.
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| | Enhanced perioperative care in emergency general surgery: the WSES position paper | Enhanced perioperative care in emergency general surgery: the WSES position paper
Enhanced perioperative care in emergency general surgery: the WSES position paper
Overview Enhanced perioperative care protocols become the standard of care in elective surgery with a significant improvement in patients’ outcome. The key element of the enhanced perioperative care protocol is the multimodal and interdisciplinary approach targeted to the patient, focused on a holistic approach to reduce surgical stress and improve perioperative recovery. Enhanced perioperative care in emergency general surgery is still a debated topic with little evidence available. The present position paper illustrates the existing evidence about perioperative care in emergency surgery patients with a focus on each perioperative intervention in the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative phase. For each item was proposed and approved a statement by the WSES collaborative group.
Journal World Journal of Emergency Surgery Citation Ceresoli et al. World Journal of Emergency Surgery (2023) 18:47 | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Evaluation of the advantages of robotic versus laparoscopic surgery in elderly patients with colorectal cancer | Evaluation of the advantages of robotic versus laparoscopic surgery in elderly patients with colorectal cancer
Evaluation of the advantages of robotic versus laparoscopic surgery in elderly patients with colorectal cancer
Overview The incidence of colorectal cancer increases with aging. Curative-intent surgery based on a minimally invasive concept is expected to bring survival benefits to elderly patients (aged over 80 years) with colorectal cancer who are frequently with fragile health status and advanced tumours. The study explored survival outcomes in this patient population who received robotic or laparoscopic surgery and aimed to identify an optimal surgical option for those patients. The clinical materials and follow-up data were retrieved on elderly patients with colorectal carcinoma who received robotic or laparoscopic surgery in our institution. The pathological and surgical outcomes were compared to examine the efficacy and safety of the two approaches. The DFS (disease-free survival) and OS (overall survival) results at 3 years after surgery were assessed to explore the survival benefits. It was concluded that robotic surgery was prized for elderly patients with colorectal cancer who developed anemia and/or haematological conditions.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9942364/pdf/12877_2023_Article_3822.pdf
Journal BMC Geriatrics | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | CT and clinical features for distinguishing endophytic clear cell renal cell carcinoma from urothelial carcinoma | CT and clinical features for distinguishing endophytic clear cell renal cell carcinoma from urothelial carcinoma
CT and clinical features for distinguishing endophytic clear cell renal cell carcinoma from urothelial carcinoma
Overview The aim was to characterize the clinical and multiphase computed tomography (CT) features of the distinguishing endophytic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ECCRCC) from endophytic renal urothelial carcinoma (ERUC). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine independent predictors for ECCRCC and to construct a predictive model that comprised clinical and CT characteristics for the differential diagnosis of ECCRCC and ERUC. Differential diagnostic performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The independent predictors of ECCRCC were heterogeneous enhancement (odds ratio [OR] = 0.027, P = .005), hematuria (OR for gross hematuria = 53.995, P = .003; OR for microscopic hematuria = 31.126, P = .027), and an infiltrative growth pattern (OR = 24.301, P = .022). The AUC of the predictive model was 0.938 (P < .001, sensitivity = 84.10%, specificity = 95.20%), which had a better diagnostic performance than heterogeneous enhancement (AUC = 0.766, P = .001, sensitivity = 81.82%, specificity = 71.43%), hematuria (AUC = 0.786, P < .001, sensitivity = 81.82%, specificity = 66.67%), and infiltrative growth pattern (AUC = 0.748, P = .001, sensitivity = 90.48%, specificity = 59.09%). The independent predictors, as well as the predictive model of CT and clinical characteristics, may assist in the differential diagnosis of ECCRCC and ERUC and provide useful information for clinical decision making.
Journal Diagnostic Interventional Radiology
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| | Long-Term Outcomes of Venous Resections in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients | Long-Term Outcomes of Venous Resections in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients
Long-Term Outcomes of Venous Resections in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients
Overview The objective was to investigate whether pancreatic resections (PR) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with worse survival when resection of the superior mesenteric vein/portal vein (SMV/PV) is required. PR for PDAC with resection of the superior mesenteric vein/portal vein (SMV/PV, PR+V resection) may be associated with inferior overall survival (OS) compared with PR without the need for SMV/PV resection (PR–V). We hypothesized that PR+V results in lower OS compared with PR–V. Overall, 2403 patients were identified. Six hundred two underwent exploration only (EXP group), whereas 412 underwent pancreatic resection with (PR+V group) and 1389 (PR–V) without SMV/PV resection. Five-year OS for the PR+V group was lower (20% vs 30%) compared with PR–V, although multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling could not associate PR+V status with OS (Hazard ratio 1.11, P = 0.408). When correcting for confounders, PR+V was not associated with lower OS compared with PR–V. Journal Annals of Surgery Open | 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Can YouTube be used as an educational tool in lymphedema rehabilitation? | Can YouTube be used as an educational tool in lymphedema rehabilitation?
Can YouTube be used as an educational tool in lymphedema rehabilitation?
Overview Lymphedema is defined as the abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid and fibro-adipose tissues resulting from injury, infection, or congenital abnormalities of the lymphatic system. The gold standard approach in the treatment of lymphedema is Complete Decongestive Therapy and it has many components that require practical knowledge and skills. YouTube can be a useful tool to provide these skills to healthcare professionals and patients. The aim of this study was to examine the videos about lymphedema rehabilitation on YouTube and analyse their technical features, sources, contents, educational value and reliability. The biggest obstacle for YouTube to be an excellent source of information is that it hosts large volumes of uncontrolled and low-quality data. When YouTube content related to lymphedema rehabilitation was examined, it was observed that many videos were quite insufficient and incomplete even though there were useful videos. If careful controlling measures are implemented and if medical videos aim to meet reliability and GQS criteria, YouTube can become an effective and useful source of information for lymphedema rehabilitation.
Journal Archives of Physiotherapy | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Causal mechanisms of a scapular stabilization intervention for patients with subacromial pain syndrome: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial | Causal mechanisms of a scapular stabilization intervention for patients with subacromial pain syndrome: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Causal mechanisms of a scapular stabilization intervention for patients with subacromial pain syndrome: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Overview Causal mediation analysis is one way to bridge this gap by exploring the causal pathways of a given intervention. The aim of this study was to assess whether scapular motion, position, and periscapular muscle strength are mediators for pain and shoulder disability outcomes following a scapular stabilization intervention for patients with subacromial pain syndrome. The results demonstrated that none of the putative mediators were influenced by the intervention. However, muscle strength of serratus anterior, upper, middle, and lower trapezius muscles was associated with shoulder disability. Scapular kinematic and periscapular muscle strength did not mediate the effect of scapular stabilization exercises on shoulder pain or disability scores in subjects with subacromial pain syndrome. Muscle strength of serratus anterior, upper, middle and lower trapezius was associated with shoulder disability scores at 8-weeks follow-up.
Journal Archives of Physiotherapy | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | The role of CT in decision for acute appendicitis treatment | The role of CT in decision for acute appendicitis treatment
The role of CT in decision for acute appendicitis treatment
Overview Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdomen requiring surgery. Although the standard treatment has been surgery, it has been seen in recent years that treatment is possible with antibiotics and non-operative observation. In this study, our aim is to determine whether the computed tomography (CT) findings in patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis can be used for directing treatment. As the successful and unsuccessful medical treatment groups were compared, the only significant parameter was the severity of mural enhancement (P = .005). CT findings may be helpful in patients with uncomplicated acute appendicitis whose treatment surgeons are indecisive about. We can recommend surgical treatment in cases with appendix diameter =13 mm, intra-abdominal free fluid, appendicolith, high CT appendicitis score, and severe mural enhancement.
Journal Diagnostic Interventional Radiology
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| | Incidence rate and risk factors of surgical wound infection in general surgery patients: A cross-sectional study | Incidence rate and risk factors of surgical wound infection in general surgery patients: A cross-sectional study
Incidence rate and risk factors of surgical wound infection in general surgery patients: A cross-sectional study
Overview Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are considered a major challenge in health care systems. One of the main HAIs, playing an important role in increased morbidity and mortality, is surgical wound infection. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence rate and risk factors of surgical wound infection in general surgery patients. This cross-sectional study was performed on 506 patients undergoing general surgery at Razi hospital in Rasht from 2019 to 2020. Bacterial isolates, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, antibiotic administration, and its type, operation duration and shift, the urgency of surgery, people involved in changing dressings, length of hospitalisation, and levels of haemoglobin, albumin, and white blood cells after surgery were assessed. The frequency of surgical wound infection and its association with patient characteristics and laboratory results were evaluated. Among these, Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant species, followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci. In addition, the most common Gram-negative isolates identified were Escherichia coli bacteria. Overall, administration of antibiotics, emergency surgery, surgery duration, and levels of white blood cells and creatinine were identified as surgical wound infection associated risk factors. Identifying important risk factors could help control or prevent surgical wound infections.
Journal Int Wound Journal. | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Acceptability and deliverability of an auditory rhythmical cueing (ARC) training programme for use at home and outdoors to improve gait and physical activity post-stroke | Acceptability and deliverability of an auditory rhythmical cueing (ARC) training programme for use at home and outdoors to improve gait and physical activity post-stroke
Acceptability and deliverability of an auditory rhythmical cueing (ARC) training programme for use at home and outdoors to improve gait and physical activity post-stroke
Overview Although laboratory studies demonstrate that training programmes using auditory rhythmical cueing (ARC) may improve gait post-stroke, few studies have evaluated this intervention in the home and outdoors where deployment may be more appropriate. This manuscript reports stakeholder refinement of an ARC gait and balance training programme for use at home and outdoors, and a study which assessed acceptability and deliverability of this programme. Programme design and content were refined during stakeholder workshops involving physiotherapists and stroke survivors. A two-group acceptability and deliverability study was then undertaken. It was concluded that an ARC gait and balance training programme refined by key stakeholders was feasible to deliver and acceptable to participants and providers.
Archives of Physiotherapy Vol. 12, Issue 1 | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Clinical Outcomes of Radiofrequency Ablation Combined with Transarterial Chemoembolization Using Degradable Starch Microsphere Mixed with Mitomycin C for the Treatment of Non-hepatocellular Carcinoma Malignant Liver Tumours | Clinical Outcomes of Radiofrequency Ablation Combined with Transarterial Chemoembolization Using Degradable Starch Microsphere Mixed with Mitomycin C for the Treatment of Non-hepatocellular Carcinoma Malignant Liver Tumours
Clinical Outcomes of Radiofrequency Ablation Combined with Transarterial Chemoembolization Using Degradable Starch Microsphere Mixed with Mitomycin C for the Treatment of Non-hepatocellular Carcinoma Malignant Liver Tumours
Overview The purpose was to retrospectively evaluate the outcomes of radiofrequency ablation combined with transarterial chemoembolization using degradable starch microspheres for non-hepatocellular carcinoma malignant liver tumours. Technical success, safety, local tumour progression, and overall survival were evaluated. Safety was assessed according to the clinical practice guideline of the Society of Interventional Radiology. All treatment procedures were successfully completed. There were no major complications. The patients were treated with repeat radiofrequency ablation combined with transarterial chemoembolization using degradable starch microspheres. During median follow-up of 48 months (range, 4-77 months), 5 patients died (33%, 5/15). The overall survival rates were 100%, 85%, and 57% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The median overall survival time was 69 months. It was conclusion radiofrequency ablation combined with transarterial chemoembolization using degradable starch microspheres was safe and showed favourable local control for non-hepatocellular carcinoma malignant liver tumours.
Journal Interventional Radiology | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Visual outcomes and safety profile of intraocular lens implantation versus aphakia in children with microspherophakia with no subluxation | Visual outcomes and safety profile of intraocular lens implantation versus aphakia in children with microspherophakia with no subluxation
Visual outcomes and safety profile of intraocular lens implantation versus aphakia in children with microspherophakia with no subluxation
Overview The objective of this is to study the visual, refractive and surgical outcomes of intraocular lens (IOL) implantation versus aphakia in children with microspherophakia. Retrospective, comparative, non-randomised interventional study. Methods: All consecutive children with microspherophakia who satisfied the inclusion criteria were included. The eyes that underwent in-the-bag IOL implantation and those that were left aphakic were included in groups A and B, respectively. The postoperative visual outcomes, IOL stability and complications during the follow-up period were studied. The survival analysis (p value 0.18) was comparable in each group and in conclusion In-the-bag IOL is an option, which can be considered in selected cases of microspherophakia in developing nations where regular follow-up and economic constraints are a major concern.
Journal BMJ Open Ophthalmology – Pediatric Ophthalmology Volume 8 – Issue 1 | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | In-Hospital Mortality Following Traumatic Injury in South Africa | In-Hospital Mortality Following Traumatic Injury in South Africa
In-Hospital Mortality Following Traumatic Injury in South Africa
Overview Trauma is a leading cause of death worldwide and in South Africa. We aimed to quantify the in-hospital trauma mortality rate in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. The in-hospital trauma mortality rate in South Africa remains unknown, and it is unclear whether deficits in hospital care are contributing to the high level of trauma-related mortality. All patients hospitalized because of trauma at the Department of Surgery at Grey’s Hospital, Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service, were prospectively entered in an electronic database starting in 2013 and the data were retrospectively analysed. The trauma service adheres to Advanced Trauma Life Support and the doctors have attended basic and advanced courses in trauma care. In conclusion, the in-hospital trauma mortality rate at a South African trauma center using systematic trauma care is lower than that reported from other trauma centers in the world during the past 20 years. Nevertheless, 16% of death cases were assessed as avoidable if there had been better access to intensive care, dialysis, advanced respiratory care, blood for transfusion, and improvements in surgery and medical care.
Journal Annals of Surgery Open | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Telemedicine for Pediatric Nephrology: Perspectives on COVID-19, Future Practices, and Work Flow Changes | Telemedicine for Pediatric Nephrology: Perspectives on COVID-19, Future Practices, and Work Flow Changes
Telemedicine for Pediatric Nephrology: Perspectives on COVID-19, Future Practices, and Work Flow Changes
Overview Although the use of telemedicine in rural areas has increased steadily over the years, its use was rapidly implemented during the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. Due to this rapid implementation, there is a lack of standardized work flows to assess and treat for various nephrotic conditions, symptoms, treatment modalities, and transition processes in the pediatric population. To provide a foundation/suggestion for future standardized workflows, the authors of this report have developed standardized workflows using the Delphi method. These workflows were informed based on results from cross-sectional surveys directed to patients and providers. Most patients and providers were satisfied, 87% and 71%, respectively, with their telemedicine visits. Common issues that were raised with the use of telemedicine included difficulty procuring physical laboratory results and a lack of personal warmth during telemedicine visits. The workflows created based on these suggestions will both enhance safety in treating patients and allow for the best possible care.
Authors Rupesh Raina, Nikhil Nair, Aditya Sharma, Ronith Chakraborty, and Sarah Rush, Delphi Panelists | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | 12 weeks high intensity interval training versus moderate intensity continuous training in chronic low back pain subjects: a randomised single-blinded feasibility study | 12 weeks high intensity interval training versus moderate intensity continuous training in chronic low back pain subjects: a randomised single-blinded feasibility study
12 weeks high intensity interval training versus moderate intensity continuous training in chronic low back pain subjects: a randomised single-blinded feasibility study
Overview Currently, very little is known about the effects of an endurance high intensity interval training in chronic low back pain patients. Therefore, the feasibility and safety of the HIIT has to be assessed first before it can be integrated safely into research and daily practice it can be integrated safely into research and daily practice. This study aims to answers the question if high intensity interval training and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) have comparable adherence and feasibility. After the study it was concluded that there were no differences in adherence rates. HIIT is as feasible as MICT in non-specific chronic low back pain and can be used in future larger trials to deepen the knowledge about HIIT in this specific population.
Journal Archives of Physiotherapy
Citation Cerini T, Hilfiker R, Riegler TF, Felsch QTM. 12 weeks high intensity interval training versus moderate intensity continuous training in chronic low back pain subjects: a randomised single-blinded feasibility study. Arch Physiother. 2022 May 2;12(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s40945-022-00136-3. | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Profiles of Dysarthria and Dysphagia in Individuals With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | Profiles of Dysarthria and Dysphagia in Individuals With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Profiles of Dysarthria and Dysphagia in Individuals With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Overview While dysarthria and dysphagia are known bulbar manifestations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the relative prevalence of speech and swallowing impairments and whether these bulbar symptoms emerge at the same time point or progress at similar rates is not yet clear. Dysphagia and dysarthria were instrumentally confirmed in 68% and 78% of individuals with ALS, respectively. Over half of the individuals with ALS in this study demonstrated both dysphagia and dysarthria. Of those with only one bulbar impairment, speech was twice as likely to be the first bulbar symptom to degrade. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine the longitudinal progression of bulbar impairments in this patient population.
Journal Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research | 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | An Implicit–Explicit Framework for Intervention Methods in Developmental Language Disorder | An Implicit–Explicit Framework for Intervention Methods in Developmental Language Disorder
An Implicit–Explicit Framework for Intervention Methods in Developmental Language Disorder
Overview
The growing interest in framing intervention approaches as either implicit or explicit calls for a discussion of what makes intervention approaches engage each of these learning systems, with the goal of achieving a shared framework. This tutorial presents evidence for the interaction between implicit and explicit learning systems, and it highlights the intervention characteristics that promote implicit or explicit learning as well as outcome measures that tap into implicit or explicit knowledge. This framework is then applied to eight common intervention approaches and notable combinations of approaches to unpack their differential engagement of implicit and explicit learning.
Many intervention characteristics (e.g., instructions, elicitation techniques, feedback) can be manipulated to move an intervention along the implicit–explicit continuum. Given the bias for using explicit learning strategies that develops throughout childhood and into adulthood, clinicians should be aware that most interventions (even those that promote implicit learning) will engage the explicit learning system. However, increased awareness of the implicit and explicit learning systems and their cognitive demands will allow clinicians to choose the most appropriate intervention for the target behaviour. | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Comorbidity and Severity in Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Retrospective Chart Review | Comorbidity and Severity in Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Retrospective Chart Review
Comorbidity and Severity in Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Retrospective Chart Review
Overview
The purpose of this study was to investigate comorbidity prevalence and patterns in childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) and their relationship to severity. In this retroactive cross-sectional study, medical communication-related comorbidities were regressed on CAS severity as rated by speech-language pathologists during diagnosis. The relationship between CAS severity and the presence of four common comorbid conditions was also examined using ordinal or multinomial regressions. Children with comorbid intellectual disability (78.1%), receptive language impairment (72.5%), and nonspeech apraxia (37.3%; including limb, nonspeech oromotor, and oculomotor these comorbidities. However, children with comorbid autism spectrum disorder (33.6%) were no more likely to have severe CAS than children without autism.
Comorbidity appears to be the rule, rather than the exception, for children with CAS. Comorbid intellectual disability, receptive language impairment, and nonspeech apraxia confer additional risk for more severe forms of CAS. Findings are limited by being from a convenience sample of participants but inform future models of comorbidity.
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Pros and Cons of CADCAM Technology for Infection Prevention in Dental Settings during COVID-19 Outbreak | Pros and Cons of CADCAM Technology for Infection Prevention in Dental Settings during COVID-19 Outbreak
Pros and Cons of CADCAM Technology for Infection Prevention in Dental Settings during COVID-19 Outbreak
Overview The purpose of this commentary is to update the evidence reported in our previous review on the advantages and limitations of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology in the promotion of dental business, as well as to guarantee patient and occupational safety. The COVID-19 pandemic led to an unprecedented focus on infection prevention; however, waves of COVID-19 follow one another, asymptomatic cases are nearly impossible to identify by triage in a dental setting, and the effectiveness of long-lasting immune protection through vaccination remains largely unknown. Different national laws and international guidelines (mainly USA-CDC, ECDC) have often brought about dissimilar awareness and operational choices, and in general, there has been very limited attention to this technology. Here, we discuss its advantages and limitations in light of: (a) presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the oral cavity, saliva, and dental biofilm and activation of dormant microbial infections; (b) the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosol and fomite contamination; (c) the detection of various oral manifestations of COVID-19; (d) specific information for the reprocessing of the scanner tip and the ward from the manufacturers.
Journal Sensors
| 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Effects of Resistance Training as a Behavioural Preventive Measure on Musculoskeletal Complaints, Maximum Strength and Ergonomic Risk in Dentists and Dental Assistants | Effects of Resistance Training as a Behavioural Preventive Measure on Musculoskeletal Complaints, Maximum Strength and Ergonomic Risk in Dentists and Dental Assistants
Effects of Resistance Training as a Behavioural Preventive Measure on Musculoskeletal Complaints, Maximum Strength and Ergonomic Risk in Dentists and Dental Assistants
Overview
For dental professionals, musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are common health hazards and resistance training programmes have been promising approaches in the quest for a reduction in the pain intensity of these professionals. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of a trunk-oriented 10-week resistance training programme. In total, the study was conducted with 17 dentists and dental assistants. The results were that there was a significant reduction in pain intensity was found for each queried body region: the neck, upper back, lower back and the right and left shoulders. The maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) improved significantly in all outcome measures: flexion, extension, right and left lateral flexion and right and left rotation.
It was concluded that a 10-week resistance training programme for dentists and dental assistants had significant effects on pain intensity reduction and the MVIC of the musculature of the trunk and is, therefore, suitable as a behavioural preventive measure against MSD in dental professionals.
Journa
Sensors
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Relationship between dental experiences, oral hygiene education and self-reported oral hygiene behaviour | Relationship between dental experiences, oral hygiene education and self-reported oral hygiene behaviour
Relationship between dental experiences, oral hygiene education and self-reported oral hygiene behaviour
Overview
Many preventive approaches in dentistry aim to improve oral health through behavioural instruction or intervention concerning oral health behaviour. However, it is still unknown which factors have the highest impact on oral health behaviours, such as toothbrushing or regular dental check-ups.
Various external and internal individual factors such as education, experience with dentists or influence by parents could be relevant. Therefore, the present observational study investigated the influence of these factors on self-reported oral heath behaviour. Dental anxiety and current negative dental experiences reduced participants’ dental self-efficacy perceptions as well as the self-inspection of one’s teeth. While parental care positively influenced the attitude towards one’s teeth, dental self-efficacy perceptions significantly correlated with attitude towards oral hygiene, self-inspection of one’s teeth and parental care.
Dental anxiety, dental experiences, parents’ care for their children’s oral hygiene and dental self-efficacy perceptions influence the attitude towards oral hygiene and one’s own oral cavity as well as the autonomous control of one’s own dental health.
Journal
PLoS ONE
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Blood and saliva contamination on protective eyewear during dental treatment | Blood and saliva contamination on protective eyewear during dental treatment
Blood and saliva contamination on protective eyewear during dental treatment
Overview Dental treatments are inherently associated with the appearance of potentially infective aerosols, blood and saliva splashes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the quantitative contamination of protective eyewear during different dental treatments and the efficacy of the subsequent disinfection. Fifty-three standardized protective eyewear shields worn by students, dentists and dental assistants during different aerosol-producing dental treatment modalities (supragingival cleaning, subgingival periodontal instrumentation, trepanation and root canal treatment and carious cavity preparation; within all treatments, dental evacuation systems were used) were analysed, using common forensic techniques.
For detection of blood contamination, luminol solution was applied onto the surface of safety shields. A special forensic test paper was used to visualize saliva contamination. Further analysis was conducted after standardized disinfection using the same techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Markers, Pathways and Current Evidence for Periodontitis-associated Insulin Resistance: A Narrative Review | Markers, Pathways and Current Evidence for Periodontitis-associated Insulin Resistance: A Narrative Review
Markers, Pathways and Current Evidence for Periodontitis-associated Insulin Resistance: A Narrative Review
Overview The aim of the present paper is to provide a narrative review of the markers and pathways of periodontitis-associated insulin resistance (IR). Research papers published in peer reviewed scientific journals from 2000 to 2021 were searched systematically in Online Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and MedLine/PubMed database. The medical subject headings (MeSH) terms used for literature search were “diabetes AND periodontal disease,” “diabetes AND periodontitis,” “inflammation AND insulin resistance,” “Insulin resistance AND periodontal disease,” and “insulin resistance AND periodontitis.” Manual search for applicable work in review article peer-reviewed print journals, and latest editions of standard textbooks of pharmacology and pathology were searched for updated additional information.
Seven out of 13 systematic reviews and a total of 18 randomized clinical trials to evaluate periodontitis-induced IR were short-listed to update current evidence. The current literature in the past two decades has evaluated the effect of periodontal therapy on various type-2 diabetes (T2D) biomarkers following periodontal therapy. These indicators of periodontal disease activity and surrogate biomarkers of T2D in periodontitis may be an important diagnostic tool for the early prediction of complications due to IR. This increased systemic burden of proinflammatory cytokines by periodontitis can be reduced by periodontal therapy, thus improving the patient’s overall systemic condition.
Journal Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry | 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Microbiota of Dental Abscess and their Susceptibility to Empirical Antibiotic Therapy | Microbiota of Dental Abscess and their Susceptibility to Empirical Antibiotic Therapy
Microbiota of Dental Abscess and their Susceptibility to Empirical Antibiotic Therapy
Overview Resistant pathogens to purulent odontogenic infections have evolved due to misuse of antibiotics. Hence, it is important to use a suitable antibacterial agent. This study aimed to identify the common bacterial species causing odontogenic infections and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility profile to amoxicillin, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, azithromycin, and linezolid. This was an in vitro cross-sectional study.
After extensive testing it was concluded that culture-guided antibiotic prescriptions are necessary to prevent the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Efficacy of Bioceramic and Calcium Hydroxide-Based Root Canal Sealers against Pathogenic Endodontic Biofilms: An In vitro Study | Efficacy of Bioceramic and Calcium Hydroxide-Based Root Canal Sealers against Pathogenic Endodontic Biofilms: An In vitro Study
Efficacy of Bioceramic and Calcium Hydroxide-Based Root Canal Sealers against Pathogenic Endodontic Biofilms: An In vitro Study
Overview
Complete eradication of root canal pathogens cannot be predictably achieved by chemo mechanical preparation and root canal disinfection. Therefore, an obturation material that has superior antimicrobial activity and sealing ability is required to inactivate residual microbes and prevent them from re-entering the root canal system. Recently developed bio ceramic root canal sealers are hydraulic cement which form calcium hydroxide during the hydration process. Like calcium hydroxide sealers, they exert an antimicrobial effect by releasing hydroxyl ions and increasing the pH.
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of a calcium hydroxide-based sealer and two bio ceramic sealers against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans biofilms. The sealers were dissolved in sterile saline to obtain supernatants. Biofilm formation assays, colony counting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of each supernatant. The data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance.
| 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Comparative Evaluation of Penetrative and Adaptive Properties of Unfilled and Filled Resin-Based Sealants When Placed using Conventional acid Etching, Lasing | Comparative Evaluation of Penetrative and Adaptive Properties of Unfilled and Filled Resin-Based Sealants When Placed using Conventional acid Etching, Lasing
Comparative Evaluation of Penetrative and Adaptive Properties of Unfilled and Filled Resin-Based Sealants When Placed using Conventional acid Etching, Lasing
Overview
There is a confusion regarding selection of unfilled or filled sealant and method of enamel preparation before sealant application. This study was carried out to compare three techniques of enamel preparation using both unfilled and filled type of sealants. The objective of the study is to assess the penetrative and adaptive ability of filled and unfilled sealants in three techniques of enamel fissure preparations.
Total 36 extracted teeth were divided into 3 groups, each containing 12 samples. The samples of Group A were prepared by conventional acid etching with 37% phosphoric acid, and the Group B was subjected to Er: YAG lasing, while in Group C, fissurotomy followed by acid etching was done. The sealant placement was carried out using split tooth design in all the samples. Assessment of penetration and adaptation was done under scanning electron microscope using the scoring criteria adopted by Kane B et al. and Dukic W et al | 3 | | R480.00 | |
| | Accuracy of keyless vs drill-key implant systems for static computer-assisted implant surgery using two guide-hole designs compared to freehand implant placement: an in vitro study | Accuracy of keyless vs drill-key implant systems for static computer-assisted implant surgery using two guide-hole designs compared to freehand implant placement: an in vitro study
Accuracy of keyless vs drill-key implant systems for static computer-assisted implant surgery using two guide-hole designs compared to freehand implant placement: an in vitro study
Overview
This in vitro study aimed at comparing the accuracy of freehand implant placement with static computer assisted implant surgery (sCAIS), utilizing a keyless and a drill-key implant system and two guide-hole designs. A total of 108 implants were placed in 18 partially edentulous maxillary models simulating two different alveolar ridge morphologies.
3D digital deviations between pre-planned and post-operative implant positions were obtained. Guide material reduction was assessed in the keyless implant system for the manufacturer’s sleeve and sleeveless guide-hole designs.
Higher final implant positional accuracy was observed in sCAIS for the keyless implant system, with a sleeveless guide-hole design, and in healed ridges.
Sleeveless guide holes resulted in higher volumetric material reduction compared with the manufacturer’s sleeve | 3 | | R475.00 | |
| | Robot-Assisted Sacro (hystero) Colpopexy with Anterior and Posterior Mesh Placement: impact on lower bowel tract function and clinical outcomes at mid-term follow-up | Robot-Assisted Sacro (hystero) Colpopexy with Anterior and Posterior Mesh Placement: impact on lower bowel tract function and clinical outcomes at mid-term follow-up
Robot-Assisted Sacro (hystero) Colpopexy with Anterior and Posterior Mesh Placement: impact on lower bowel tract function and clinical outcomes at mid-term follow-up
Overview
Robotic sacrocolpopexy (RSCP) is an established option for the treatment of apical, anterior, and proximal posterior compartment pelvic organ prolapses (POP). However, there is lack of evidence investigating how lower bowel tract symptoms (LBTS) may change after RSCP.
Data from consecutive patients treated with RSCP for stage 3 or higher POP from 2012 to 2019 at a single tertiary referral center with at least 1 year of follow-up were prospectively collected and retrospectively analysed. RSCP was performed following a standardized technique which always employed both anterior and posterior hand-shaped meshes.
Outcomes were collected at follow-up and analysed. LBTS were evaluated through the Wexner questionnaire. Overall, 114 women underwent RSCP. Eleven were excluded for missing data, whereas 12 had insufficient follow-up. Median follow-up was 42 [interquartile range (IQR), 19–62] months. Mean age was 65 ± 10 years. In our series, RSCP was mainly performed for anterior and apical/medium stage 3 POP (in 95.6% of patients). Anatomic success rate of and were treated with redo-SCP. No patient experienced clinically significant posterior vaginal wall prolapse after RSCP.
Of note, LBTS appear unaffected by posterior mesh placement, supporting its routine use to prevent posterior POP recurrence. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm our results.
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Following Partial Nephrectomy | Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Following Partial Nephrectomy
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Following Partial Nephrectomy
Overview
Partial nephrectomy (PN) is associated with a non-negligible risk of postoperative cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Identification of high-risk patients may enable optimization of perioperative management and consideration of alternative approaches. The authors aim to develop a procedure-specific cardiovascular risk index for PN patients and compare its performance to the widely used revised cardiac risk index (RCRI) and AUB-HAS2 cardiovascular risk index.
The cohort was derived from the American College of Surgeons – National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. The primary outcome was the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as 30-day postoperative incidence of myocardial infarction stroke, or mortality. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed; performance and calibration were evaluated using an ROC analysis and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test and compared to the RCRI and the AUB-HAS2 index.
This study proposes a novel procedure-specific cardiovascular risk index. The PN-A4CH index demonstrated good predictive ability and excellent calibration using a large national database and may enable further individualization of patient care and optimization of patient selection. | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Instrumental dead space and proximal working channel connector design in flexible ureteroscopy: a new concept | Instrumental dead space and proximal working channel connector design in flexible ureteroscopy: a new concept
Instrumental dead space and proximal working channel connector design in flexible ureteroscopy: a new concept
Overview
The objective of this study was to evaluate a new concept in flexible ureteroscopy: instrumental dead space (IDS). For this purpose, various proximal working channel connector designs, as well as the impact of ancillary devices occupying the working channel were evaluated in currently available flexible ureteroscopes.
IDS was defined as the volume of saline irrigation needed to inject at the proximal connector for delivery at the distal working channel tip. Because IDS is related to working channel diameter and length, proximal connector design, as well as occupation of working channel by ancillary devices, these parameters were also reviewed.
IDS appears as a new parameter that should be considered for future applications of flexible ureteroscopes. A low IDS seems desirable for several clinical applications. The main factors impacting IDS are working channel and proximal connector design, as well as ancillary devices inserted into the working channel. Future studies should clarify how reducing IDS may affect irrigation flow, intrarenal pressure, and direct in-scope suction, as well as evaluate the most desirable proximal connector design properties.
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Could the vaginal wall sling still have a role after FDA’s warning? the functional outcomes at 20 years. | Could the vaginal wall sling still have a role after FDA’s warning? the functional outcomes at 20 years.
Could the vaginal wall sling still have a role after FDA’s warning? the functional outcomes at 20 years.
Overview
Aims of this study were to evaluate the functional outcomes of a vaginal wall sling technique in patients with stress urinary incontinence at 20 years after surgery and to evaluate the patient’s satisfaction after the surgical procedure.
This was a prospective single-center study on patients with stress urinary incontinence who underwent in situ vaginal sling surgery. Pre-surgery evaluation included history, pelvic examination, and urodynamic test. All patients completed Urogenital Distress Inventory–6 (UDI-6) questionnaire. They underwent checkups at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and then annually. The sling was created by making a rectangle (15–20 × 25 mm) on the anterior vaginal wall and it was reinforced by one roll of Marlex mesh on each side of the sling. The sutures were passed through the vagina at the suprapubic level after suprapubic incision, above the rectus fascia and tied without excessive tension.
From May 1996 to May 2002, 40 women underwent vaginal wall sling surgery for stress urinary incontinence. Last visit was performed on 20 women between March 2020 and April 2020. Median follow-up was 251.3 months (20.9 years) (range = 204.3–285.4 months). The success rate after 5 years of surgical procedure was 80%; over 5 years, the objective cure rate was 45%. Considering only the group of 13 patients with pure stress urinary incontinence, the objective cure rate decreased to 38%, in particular 7 years after surgery. Women who did not resolve their urinary incontinence needed to undergo a new treatment. At over 5 years after surgery, there was an increase in urgency (p = 0.001) and voiding symptoms (p = 0.008) and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) (p = 0.04). Ninety-five percent were very much worse or much worse according to the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) scale. Conclusion: The in situ vaginal wall sling does not guarantee good long-term functional outcomes in women with stress urinary incontinence.
| 3 | | R480.00 | |
| | Cognitive function in patients undergoing cystectomy for bladder cancer – results from a prospective observational study. | Cognitive function in patients undergoing cystectomy for bladder cancer – results from a prospective observational study.
Cognitive function in patients undergoing cystectomy for bladder cancer – results from a prospective observational study.
Overview
Impaired cognitive function of bladder cancer patients plays a role in coping with the kind of urinary diversion and may impact perioperative morbidity. In this study we therefore aimed to assess the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in patients undergoing radical cystectomy.
Secondary objectives included correlation of common cognition tests, assessment of the admitting physician, and perioperative complication rates.
Patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer were prospectively screened by neuropsychological tests including cognition tests [DemTect (Dementia Detection test), MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination), clock drawing test] prior to surgery. Mild cognitive impairment was observed in more than a quarter of radical cystectomy patients prior to surgery. Preoperative assessment should be supplemented by neuropsychological testing such as the DemTect as mild cognitive impairment is often underestimated and associated with significantly higher perioperative complication rates. | 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Role of organizational psychology in dealing with human resources and the performance of the organization | Role of organizational psychology in dealing with human resources and the performance of the organization
Role of organizational psychology in dealing with human resources and the performance of the organization
Organizational psychology focuses mainly on taking care of corporate interests and the needs of employees. This seeks to provide a better life and better conditions for employees in their companies to help them be more productive and effective in their organization. This article focuses on how the organization is practicing the psychology of training and motivation for the growth of the organization.
This study was undertaken with the employees working in different organizations. The main focus is how organizational psychology creates an impact on the performance of the organization. This study was undertaken with the employees working in different organizations.
In this research, many participants agreed that motivation and training affect the employees’ performance. The outcomes revealed that organizational psychology has many roles in the participants’ organizations such as increasing the performance, the productivity, the efficiency of the employees and many others. | 3 | | R445.00 | |
| | Do personal resilience, coping styles, and social support prevent future psychological distress when experiencing workplace bullying? Evidence from a 1-year prospective study. | Do personal resilience, coping styles, and social support prevent future psychological distress when experiencing workplace bullying? Evidence from a 1-year prospective study.
Do personal resilience, coping styles, and social support prevent future psychological distress when experiencing workplace bullying? Evidence from a 1-year prospective study.
Overview
Although previous studies have identified that workplace bullying causes serious mental health problems to the victims, it is not yet fully investigated moderating factors on the association between workplace bullying and psychological distress. This longitudinal study, therefore, examined the moderating role of organizational resources such as supervisor support or coworker support as well as individual resources such as stress coping styles or personal resilience on the association.
The results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that workplace bullying was associated with subsequent increased psychological distress even after adjusting for individual and occupational characteristics, but its association disappeared after adjusting for psychological distress at baseline. After adjusting for psychological distress at baseline, greater resilience, greater seeking help, greater changing view, and lower avoidance were associated with lower subsequent psychological distress when being bullied. In contrast, worksite social support and family/ friends support was not associated with lower subsequent psychological distress when being bullied. A significant interaction effect of workplace bullying and changing mood was observed on subsequent psychological distress.
It was concluded that the effects or moderating factors were limited on the longitudinal association between bullying and mental health because psychological distress at baseline was the strongest predictor of subsequent psychological distress.
| 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Gaining a Better Understanding of the Types of Organizational Culture to Manage Suffering at Work | Gaining a Better Understanding of the Types of Organizational Culture to Manage Suffering at Work
Gaining a Better Understanding of the Types of Organizational Culture to Manage Suffering at Work
Overview
Organizational culture is a central concept in research due to its importance in organizational functioning and suffering of employees. To better manage suffering, it is necessary to better understand the intrinsic characteristics of each type of culture and its relationships with the environment.
According to the study by Schein (2010), the organizational culture is a pattern of basic values and presuppositions that are shared and learned by a group while resolving the problems of external adaptation and internal integration. Each culture represents a different set of values and presuppositions. All organizations have all four types but in different proportions. This is a typological model because it aims to identify archetypes using different effectiveness criteria.
Contrary to what most of the literature suggests, we found almost no relationship between the environmental variables and the culture types. Strategy and competencies, in contrast, do have a significant predictive capacity, showing 9 links with the Clan culture, 7 with the Hierarchy culture, and 10 with the Market culture. In conclusion, this study has found the important characteristics of the types of organizational culture that could be useful to better manage the suffering of employees.
| 3 | | R489.00 | |
| | The digital-era Industrial/Organisational Psychologist: Employers view of key service roles, skills and attributes | The digital-era Industrial/Organisational Psychologist: Employers view of key service roles, skills and attributes
The digital-era Industrial/Organisational Psychologist: Employers view of key service roles, skills and attributes
Overview The nature of the Fourth Industrial Revolution’s technology-driven work and business profoundly alters the foundational assumptions upon which industrial/organisational (I/O) psychologists in future will base their understanding of their professional roles in the modern workplace. The objective of the study was to gain deeper insight into South African employers’ views of the service roles, skills and attributes of the future-fit digital-era I/O psychologist. More research is needed on the service roles, skills and attributes that employers require from I/O psychologists as companies are transitioning to technology-enabled hybrid and flexible models of work. Digitally dexterous I/O psychologists should be at the forefront of technology and its impact on workplaces and the profession’s scope of practice.
The study adds to the Industrial/Organisational Psychology research literature and reveals the dire need for I/O psychologists to adapt and evolve their scope of practice services and products to ensure the continued relevance of the IOP profession. | 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Effective Treatment Interventions for Patients with a Diagnosed Anxiety Disorder | Effective Treatment Interventions for Patients with a Diagnosed Anxiety Disorder
Effective Treatment Interventions for Patients with a Diagnosed Anxiety Disorder
Overview The aim of this study is to review evidence of treatment interventions for patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders. Anxiety is a condition in which the person has anxiety that does not go away and gets worse over time. Symptoms of anxiety interfere with daily activities including job performance, schoolwork, and relationships. Several types of anxiety disorders exist; however, the cause is unknown. Factors included in causes are thought to be genetics, stress, environment, and brain chemistry. In addition, anxiety disorders are also the leading cause of disability of all psychiatric disorders, causing a larger cost burden than other psychological disorder.
Conclusions of this study found that exercise programs are a viable treatment option for anxiety with ease of access and without added negative side effects.
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Expression beyond Words: An Analysis of Human Figure Drawing of Children and Adolescents with ADHD | Expression beyond Words: An Analysis of Human Figure Drawing of Children and Adolescents with ADHD
Expression beyond Words: An Analysis of Human Figure Drawing of Children and Adolescents with ADHD
Overview
Children’s' drawing are good indicators of emotion, self- esteem and social competence, as well as other personality aspects. Children in the phase of development, express their emotions more through images or drawings instead of words (Catte & Cox, 1999). The current study aims to explore emotional indicators in the drawings of children and adolescents with ADHD. More specifically, the objective of the investigation is to determine if there are gender and age –wise differences in emotional wellbeing.
Human figure drawing of 52 children and adolescents were analysed according to 5-category emotional problems The emotional problems were characterized as impulsivity, insecurity-inadequacy, shyness-timidity, anxiety and anger- aggressiveness. Emotional indicators amongst each category were analysed to find if they were linked to gender and age groups. Chi-Square analysis showed gender differences within the emotional indicators; boys who participated in this study manifested more anger related issues than girls, whereas girls showed more traits of shyness.
The findings suggested emotional wellbeing of children with ADHD increases with age, additionally while girls remain timidly shy, and boys retain aggressiveness. The findings have important implications for clinical and educational psychology.
| 3 | | R440.00 | |
| | Application of Biomechanics Based on Intelligent Technology and Big Data in Physical Fitness Training of Athletes | Application of Biomechanics Based on Intelligent Technology and Big Data in Physical Fitness Training of Athletes
Application of Biomechanics Based on Intelligent Technology and Big Data in Physical Fitness Training of Athletes
Overview
Physical training has a high degree of participation all over the world. With the opening of the era of national fitness, physical training has become more popular from the original specialization, and the complex training methods and contents have gradually become simplified. The development and change of physical training has also brought many problems to the professional training of athletes, such as high training intensity but poor effect, insufficient training posture, and long-term physical injury.
In order to help athletes achieve better results in physical training and reduce the probability of injury, taking sprint training as an example, this article adopted the sports and body data of elite athletes through intelligent technology and big data analysis, established a human motion model from the perspective of biomechanics, and then conducted a corresponding test run experiment for athletes.
In addition to the data analysis brought by the digital age, the study of biomechanics also provides good guidance for physical training. The innovation of this article is that it simplifies the amount of intelligent big data analysis without affecting the research results.
Journal Hindawi Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | The Effects of psychological interventions on well-being measured with the Mental Health Continuum: a meta-analysis. | The Effects of psychological interventions on well-being measured with the Mental Health Continuum: a meta-analysis.
The Effects of psychological interventions on well-being measured with the Mental Health Continuum: a meta-analysis.
The last decades experienced a rapid growth in the number of studies examining the effects of psychological interventions on well-being, yet well-being is often conceptualized and measured in different ways in these studies. Previous meta-analyses included studies with a plethora of different well-being instruments, which provides an ambiguous picture of the effectiveness. Furthermore, prior meta-analyses mainly included specific types of psychological interventions. The goal of the current study was to synthesize the effectiveness of psychological interventions in improving well-being as measured with one consistent and comprehensive well-being instrument, the Mental Health Continuum (MHC). The literature was searched for RCTs examining the effect of psychological interventions in both clinical and non-clinical populations that used the MHC as outcome.
The findings suggest that psychological interventions can improve well-being, and that different interventions have the potential to improve well-being. Effects also seem to be independent of other factors, including delivery mode, format or target group.
Journal Journal of Happiness Studies
| 3 | | R480.00 | |
| | Prevalence and Factors Associated with Substance Use Among University Students in South Africa: implications for prevention | Prevalence and Factors Associated with Substance Use Among University Students in South Africa: implications for prevention
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Substance Use Among University Students in South Africa: implications for prevention
Substance use is an important public health concern in many countries across the globe. Among the public, institutions of higher learning have developed a reputation for inducing new substance use among students. In addition to socio-demographic factors, substance use and abuse among university students often appear to be related to psychological stressors typically related to the demand to adapt to the new environment and the pressures associated with academia. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of, and factors associated with substance use among university students.
Findings of such studies show that the use of alcohol, particularly getting drunk and binge drinking, marijuana and non-prescription amphetamine, were considerably higher among university students when compared with their non-university attending peers.
It is hoped that the results, implications, limitation, and recommendation of the present study invokes increased focus and ignites novel or innovative thinking when undertaking research of similar nature.
Journal BMC Psychol. 2022; 10: 309 | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Factors Affecting the Use of Speech Testing in Adult Audiology | Factors Affecting the Use of Speech Testing in Adult Audiology
Factors Affecting the Use of Speech Testing in Adult Audiology
The aim of this study was to evaluate hearing health care professionals’ (HHPs) speech testing practices in routine adult audiology services and better understand the facilitators and barriers to speech testing provision.
Results from this study found that the percentage of U.K. HHPs making use of speech tests was low compared to that of other countries. HHPs recognized different benefits of speech testing in audiology practice, but the barriers limiting uptake were often driven by factors derived from decision makers rather than clinical rationale. Privately funded HHPs used speech tests more frequently than those working in the public sector where time and resources are under greater pressure and governed by guidance that does not include a recommendation for speech testing. Therefore, the inclusion of speech testing in national clinical guidelines could increase the consistency of use and facilitate the comparison of practice trends across centres.
Journal American Journal of Audiology
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Hearing Loss, Tinnitus, and Dizziness in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | Hearing Loss, Tinnitus, and Dizziness in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Hearing Loss, Tinnitus, and Dizziness in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Extensive studies indicate that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) involves human sensory systems. A lack of discussion, however, exists given the auditory–vestibular system involvement in CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to determine the event rate (ER) of hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness caused by SARS-CoV-2.
Databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley) and World Health Organization updates were searched using combined keywords: ‘COVID-19,’ ‘SARS-CoV-2,’ ‘pandemic,’ ‘auditory dysfunction,’ ‘hearing loss,’ ‘tinnitus,’ ‘vestibular dysfunction,’ ‘dizziness,’ ‘vertigo,’ and ‘otologic symptoms.’ Twelve papers met the eligibility criteria and were included in the study. These papers were single group prospective, cross-sectional, or retrospective studies on otolaryngologic, neurologic, or general clinical symptoms of COVID-19 and had used subjective assessments for data collection (case histories/medical records). The results of the meta-analysis demonstrate that the ER of hearing loss (3.1%, CIs: 0.01–0.09), tinnitus (4.5%, CIs: 0.012–0.153), and dizziness (12.2%, CIs: 0.070–0.204) is statistically significant in patients with COVID-19 (Z = -4.469, p = 0.001).
Journal
The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Inc. | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Ototoxicity Monitoring in South African Cancer Facilities: A National Survey | Ototoxicity Monitoring in South African Cancer Facilities: A National Survey
Ototoxicity Monitoring in South African Cancer Facilities: A National Survey
National information regarding ototoxicity monitoring practices is limited for patients undergoing chemotherapy in South Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the national status of ototoxicity monitoring implemented in private and public cancer facilities, the knowledge and ototoxicity monitoring approaches implemented, and reported challenges.
All public oncology units reported that ototoxicity monitoring only occurs on referral and is not standard practice. All private oncology units indicated that monitoring is on a patient self-referral basis when symptoms occur. Poor awareness of ototoxicity monitoring best practice guidelines was reported by all oncology units and 14% of audiology referral clinics. Audiology referral clinics reported adequate knowledge of ototoxicity protocols although they are not widely used with only 43% following best practice guidelines.
The most prominent challenges reported by participants was referral system (67% oncology units; 57% audiology referral clinics), environmental noise (83% oncology units; 86% audiology referral clinics) and the compromised status of cancer patients (67% oncology units; 57% audiology referral clinics).
Journal South African Journal of Communication Disorders
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Loneliness, Ageism, and Mental Health: The buffering role of resilience in seniors | Loneliness, Ageism, and Mental Health: The buffering role of resilience in seniors
Loneliness, Ageism, and Mental Health: The buffering role of resilience in seniors
Ageism and loneliness are two relevant public health phenomena because of their negative impact on the senior's mental health. With the increase in average life expectancy, these tend to co-occur, which may increase the psychological distress (PD) of seniors. Resilience has been shown to be an important protective factor of seniors’ mental health, although its potential buffering role of public health risk factors with cumulative impact on mental health, such as loneliness and ageism, needs to be more studied.
Resilience was an important protective factor of mental health against the effects of ageism, and partially protected mental health from the effects of loneliness among seniors. It is suggested that resilience be considered as a factor to be integrated in future intervention programs for mental health. The practical applicability of this study is discussed.
Journal International Journal of Clinical Health Psychology Volume 23 Issue 1 | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Influence of Prior Imaging Information on Diagnostic Accuracy for Focal Skeletal Processes: A Retrospective Analysis of the Consistency between Biopsy-Verified Imaging Diagnoses. | Influence of Prior Imaging Information on Diagnostic Accuracy for Focal Skeletal Processes: A Retrospective Analysis of the Consistency between Biopsy-Verified Imaging Diagnoses.
Influence of Prior Imaging Information on Diagnostic Accuracy for Focal Skeletal Processes: A Retrospective Analysis of the Consistency between Biopsy-Verified Imaging Diagnoses.
Comparing imaging examinations with those previously obtained is considered mandatory in imaging guidelines. To our knowledge, no studies are available on neither the influence, nor the sequence, of prior imaging and reports on diagnostic accuracy using biopsy as the reference standard. Such data are important to minimize diagnostic errors and to improve the preparation of diagnostic imaging guidelines. The aim of our study was to provide such data.
The sequence of the imaging modalities seems to influence the diagnostic accuracy against a pathology reference standard. Further studies are needed to establish evidence-based guidelines for the strategy of using previous imaging and reports to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Journal Diagnostics
| 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Toward Improved Outcomes for Patients with Lung Cancer Globally: The Essential Role of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine | Toward Improved Outcomes for Patients with Lung Cancer Globally: The Essential Role of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
Toward Improved Outcomes for Patients with Lung Cancer Globally: The Essential Role of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
Key to achieving better population-based outcomes for patients with lung cancer is the improvement of medical imaging and nuclear medicine infrastructure globally. This paper aims to outline why and spark relevant health systems strengthening. The paper synthesizes the global lung cancer landscape, imaging referral guidelines (including resource-stratified ones), the reliance of TNM staging upon imaging, relevant multinational health technology assessments, and precisely how treatment selection and in turn patient outcomes hinge upon imaging findings. The final discussion presents data on current global gaps in both diagnostics (including imaging) and therapies and how, informed by such data, improved population-based outcomes are tangible through strategic planning.
Imaging findings are central to appropriate lung cancer patient management and can variably lead to life-prolonging interventions and/or to life-enhancing palliative measures. Early-stage lung cancer can be treated with curative intent but, unfortunately, most patients with lung cancer still present at advanced stages and many patients lack access to both diagnostics and therapies. Furthermore, half of lung cancer cases occur in low- and middle-income countries. The role of medical imaging and nuclear medicine in lung cancer management, as outlined herein, may help inform strategic planning.
Journal JCO Global Oncology | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Childhood Adverse Events and the Long-Term Effects on Mental Health | Childhood Adverse Events and the Long-Term Effects on Mental Health
Childhood Adverse Events and the Long-Term Effects on Mental Health
There has long been an association between family history and mental illness; however, recently researchers have focused on the correlation between childhood adverse events and mood disorders, specifically bipolar disorder. This study shows there is a strong correlation between CAE and PB, specifically, sexual abuse in females, maternal separation, economic difficulty and a family history of mental illness.
The findings suggest that females that experience childhood adverse events may be at a higher risk for developing bipolar disorder and the clinical outcome of bipolar disorder may also be affected by the type and number of childhood adverse events.
The results also suggest that schizophrenic spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder are associated with different childhood adverse events. Females who have recollections of childhood abuse are at an increased risk for depressive symptoms associated with bipolar disorder. Psychosocial interventions that are geared towards limiting childhood adverse events may reduce the incidence of mental illness, specifically bipolar disorder. | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Diagnostic performance of tomosynthesis, digital mammography and a dedicated digital specimen radiography system versus pathological assessment of excised breast lesions | Diagnostic performance of tomosynthesis, digital mammography and a dedicated digital specimen radiography system versus pathological assessment of excised breast lesions
Diagnostic performance of tomosynthesis, digital mammography and a dedicated digital specimen radiography system versus pathological assessment of excised breast lesions
Breast conserving surgery (BCS) is an established treatment modality for early breast cancer, offering better aesthetic results and less morbidity, without compromising survival, compared with radical mastectomy. The aim of the study was to com pare the performance of full-field digital mammography (FFDM), digital breast tomosynthesis and a dedicated digital specimen radiography system (SRS) in consecutive patients, and to compare the margin status of resected lesions versus pathological assessment.
It was concluded that Tomosynthesis was superior to SRS and FFDM for detecting and evaluating the target lesions, spiculations and calcifications, and was therefore more reliable for assessing complete excision of breast lesions.
Journal Radiology and oncology
| 3 | | R480.00 | |
| | Diagnostic Accuracy of 3D Ultrasound and Artificial Intelligence for Detection of Pediatric Wrist Injuries | Diagnostic Accuracy of 3D Ultrasound and Artificial Intelligence for Detection of Pediatric Wrist Injuries
Diagnostic Accuracy of 3D Ultrasound and Artificial Intelligence for Detection of Pediatric Wrist Injuries
Wrist trauma is common in children, typically requiring radiography for diagnosis and treatment planning. However, many children do not have fractures and are unnecessarily exposed to radiation. Ultrasound performed at bedside could detect fractures prior to radiography.
Fractures are the third leading cause of pediatric hospitalizations in Canada. Distal radius fractures account for up to 25% of fractures documented in children. Distal radius fractures typically occur in children falling on an outstretched hand and involve the metaphysis or physis. Depending on the area of injury, there can be a multitude of fracture patterns that affect treatment planning. Therefore, when children present to primary care clinics or emergency department (ED) with suspected wrist fractures, radiographs are the standard of care as they allow for precise examination of the anatomy. In most hospitals, routine radiographs are performed on patients with wrist trauma, but only half of the imaging reveals fractures. With the estimated cost of treating pediatric forearm fractures at $2 billion per year in the USA, streamlining care is desirable.,Obtaining radiographs in ED typically involves sending the patient to a separate diagnostic imaging area, where they wait in an additional queue, and transferring them back, a process which can add hours to an ED visit. If clinicians could determine at bedside who has a fracture and requires an X-ray, systemwide radiation doses and costs could be reduced and ED visits shortened.
The high sensitivity of 3D ultrasound and automated AI ultrasound interpretation suggests that ultrasound could potentially rule out fractures in the emergency department.
Journal Children
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | A 20-Year Review of Biomechanical Experimental Studies on Spine Implants used for Percutaneous Surgical Repair of Vertebral Compression Fractures | A 20-Year Review of Biomechanical Experimental Studies on Spine Implants used for Percutaneous Surgical Repair of Vertebral Compression Fractures
A 20-Year Review of Biomechanical Experimental Studies on Spine Implants used for Percutaneous Surgical Repair of Vertebral Compression Fractures
A vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is an injury to a vertebra of the spine affecting the cortical walls and/or middle cancellous section. The most common risk factor for a VCF is osteoporosis, thus predisposing the elderly and postmenopausal women to this injury.
This article reviews over 20 years of scientific literature that has experimentally evaluated the biomechanics of percutaneous VCF repair methods. Specifically, this article describes the basic operating principles of the repair methods, the study protocols used to experimentally assess their biomechanical performance, and the actual biomechanical data measured, as well as giving several recommendations for future research directions.
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Motion of lumbar endplate in degenerative lumbar scoliosis with different cobb angle in vivo: Reflecting the biomechanics of the lumbar disc | Motion of lumbar endplate in degenerative lumbar scoliosis with different cobb angle in vivo: Reflecting the biomechanics of the lumbar disc
Motion of lumbar endplate in degenerative lumbar scoliosis with different cobb angle in vivo: Reflecting the biomechanics of the lumbar disc
Degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) was defined as a coronal Cobb angle greater than 10°. DLS is a de novo scoliosis with no previous history and is mainly related to age with an incidence of up to 60%. DLS can cause severe symptoms, such as low back pain, radiculopathy, and neurogenic claudication. The pathogenesis of DLS is both complex and controversial. Intervertebral disc degeneration (DD) has also been implicated in the development of DLS.
This study explored the ROM of the lumbar vertebral endplate in vivo to reflect disc deformation using a dual fluoroscopic imaging system. It was reported that the repeatability of the method in reproducing in vivo human spine 6 degree of freedom. Intervertebral DD is believed to have a detrimental effect on the ROM of the spinal segments in degenerative scoliosis.
The study also aimed to investigate the relationship between DD and the ROM of the lumbar vertebral endplates in patients with DLS. We hypothesized that the ROM of the lumbar endplate would be different in DLS patients with different Cobb angles. DD can increase the ROM of the lumbar vertebral endplate in patients with DLS. | 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Nerve and Arterial Supply Pattern of the Popliteus Muscle and Clinical Implications | Nerve and Arterial Supply Pattern of the Popliteus Muscle and Clinical Implications
Nerve and Arterial Supply Pattern of the Popliteus Muscle and Clinical Implications
The popliteus muscle (PM) is a small muscle that acts as a major posterolateral stabilizer of the knee joint, rotating the tibia medially under the femur under non-weightbearing conditions. As the PM acts as an important factor in the movement and injury of the knee joint, anatomical studies have been conducted with a focus on the femoral attachment of the muscle.
Muscular spasticity is common in upper motor neuron syndrome. Injection treatment is applied as PM spasticity has been confirmed in many patients with in-toeing. One of the treatment methods, botulinum toxin, is known to have a long-lasting effect when injected into a site where the neuromuscular junction is dense. It is also effective when injected near the motor entry point where the nerve enters the muscle belly. Thus, a suitable injection site is thought to be the tibial region because the muscle belly is the upper portion on the tibial area on the posterior aspect. In this study, we speculated about the injection site of the PM based on the above reasoning. An alternative method is the accurate palpation of the PM, which is necessary for posture correction therapy.
The aim of this study was to investigate the nerve and artery supply and the tibial attachment of the popliteus muscle using anatomical methods.
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | The Relationship Between Additional Heads of the Quadriceps Femoris, the Vasti Muscles, and the Patellar Ligament | The Relationship Between Additional Heads of the Quadriceps Femoris, the Vasti Muscles, and the Patellar Ligament
The Relationship Between Additional Heads of the Quadriceps Femoris, the Vasti Muscles, and the Patellar Ligament
Overview
The quadriceps femoris consists of four muscles: the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis. However, the effect of additional quadriceps femoris heads on the vasti muscles and patellar ligaments is unknown. The quadriceps femoris muscle (QF) is important in locomotion; the rectus femoris (RF) swings the leg forward when a step is taken. During walking or running, quadriceps muscles such as the vastus medialis (VM) stabilize the patella and knee joint. The QF is important in sport owing to its potential for injury, which can be painful and debilitating.
The aims of the present study are to determine the relationship between additional quadriceps femoris heads and the vasti muscles and patellar ligaments and to review the morphology of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius.
Journal
Hindawi BioMed Research International
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Reduces Leg Cramps in Patients of lumbar Degenerative Disorders: A Retrospective Study | Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Reduces Leg Cramps in Patients of lumbar Degenerative Disorders: A Retrospective Study
Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Reduces Leg Cramps in Patients of lumbar Degenerative Disorders: A Retrospective Study
Overview
Muscle cramp is fundamentally a medical problem but also a sociological and an economic one. Muscle cramps which characterized by the painful, involuntary, and paroxysmal contraction of a muscle are common and can occur in a wide range of settings and are a highly distressing condition.
The symptoms lead to a decrease in the quality of life for patients and sometimes disturb the proper functioning of the entire body, stimulating the development of several complications and comorbidities.
The extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been fully utilized in orthopedics, but there are few studies in the treatment of lower limb spasm and pain caused by lumbar degenerative disorders (LDD). This study assesses the influence of ESWT in patients with LDD.
It was concluded that the ESWT is particularly effective effect for patients with LDD. The use of ESWT has a significant long-term influence on the reduction of pain, leg cramps, and the improvement of the general functional state in relation to the conventional motor improvement program.
Journal
Hindawi BioMed Research International
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Five-Minute Cognitive Test as A New Quick Screening of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly | Five-Minute Cognitive Test as A New Quick Screening of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly
Five-Minute Cognitive Test as A New Quick Screening of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly
Overview
As old population is dramatically growing, the detection of early cognitive deficit will become increasingly crucial. Effective cognitive screening test with quick and convenient merits will ensure recognition of early cognitive deficit and timely intervention. This study aims to develop a new evaluation method for quickly and conveniently screening cognitive impairment in the elderly.
The five-minute cognitive test (FCT) was designed to capture deficits in five domains of cognitive abilities, including episodic memory, language fluency, time orientation, visuospatial function, and executive function. Subsequently, FCT efficiencies in differentiating normally cognitive ability from cognitive impairment were explored and compared with that of the Mini-Mental Status Evaluation (MMSE). Equipercentile equating method was utilized to create a crosswalk between scores of the FCT and MMSE. Further, the association of scores of the FCT and MMSE with hippocampal volumes was investigated.
Many screening tools are currently available, but no tools meet the four important requirements for widespread use in clinical practice or large-scale epidemiological studies — that is, capture a clinically acceptable range of cognitive domains, take short time to administrate (around 5 minutes), have high accuracy for detecting cognitive impairment, and incorporate visual recall, which is the earliest deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. The FCT is a novel, reliable, and valid cognitive screening test for the detection of dementia at early stages.
Journal
JKL International LLC Aging and Disease Volume 10, Number 6 URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6844584/pdf/ad-10-6-1258.pdf | 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Exercise Interventions in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care: An overview of the evidence and recommendations for implementation | Exercise Interventions in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care: An overview of the evidence and recommendations for implementation
Exercise Interventions in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care: An overview of the evidence and recommendations for implementation
Overview
The poor physical health of people with mental illness has long been established. A 15–20-year mortality gap arises from factors such as the likelihood of developing noncommunicable diseases, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, reduced access to and provision of physical health care, and side-effects of medication.
This has been labeled an international human rights scandal, since a large proportion of this risk is preventable. In recognition of these disparities, international health bodies have produced guidance to address poor physical health, including the World Health Organization, World Psychiatric Association, and a Lancet Psychiatry Commission.
The use of physical activity interventions in mental health care for adults has a large academic evidence base and numerous examples of real-world implementation. However, the use of physical activity within mental health care for children and young people (CYP) has received less attention to date.
The key conclusions from this article, suggest there is an increasingly strong evidence base for the benefits of using physical activity interventions to improve, prevent, and manage physical and mental health outcomes in CYP with mental illness. However, more work needs to be done to improve the evidence base, refine its implementation into standard mental health care, and develop strategies for large-scale dissemination of such interventions across various care and cultural contexts.
The Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health JCPP Advances | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Tree of Life: A Tool for Therapeutic Growth | Tree of Life: A Tool for Therapeutic Growth
Tree of Life: A Tool for Therapeutic Growth
Overview
This paper presents a review of the Tree of Life (ToL) – a strengths-based tool rooted in narrative therapy – as an intervention for children and young people (CYP).
Originally developed to support vulnerable young people in Zimbabwe, ToL is now used to support children and adults in many countries and contexts across the world.
This paper discusses key aspects of the tool, evaluates the evidence base of ToL with young people, shares the views of CYP and parents, and suggests implications for schools and educational psychology practice in the UK.
Journal Educational Psychology Research and Practice Volume 7 Issue 1
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Joint-Preserving Surgery for Hyperextension Deformity of the Hallux Interphalangeal Joint in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis | Joint-Preserving Surgery for Hyperextension Deformity of the Hallux Interphalangeal Joint in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Joint-Preserving Surgery for Hyperextension Deformity of the Hallux Interphalangeal Joint in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Overview Sesamoiditis secondary to gout is an extremely rare condition with few case reports in the literature. It is an important differential diagnosis because the treatment depends on targeted therapy, unlike the main causes of sesamoiditis that often involves immobilization with special orthoses and prescription of anti-inflammatory drugs. This here is a case of a 38-year-old male, athlete, with bipartite medial sesamoid, who had insidious pain in the base of the left hallux. Laboratory tests showed no alterations, and imaging examinations demonstrated sesamoiditis with suspicion of stress fracture. The patient was initially prescribed an immobilization boot and analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs, but he did not respond to the measures taken. After the onset of the same condition in the contralateral foot and getting the same imaging findings, an investigation of systemic disease began, focusing on gout, because of a positive family history, which was confirmed by dual-energy computed tomography.
Authors Takumi Matsumoto, Yuki Shimizu, Song Ho Chang, Taro Kasai, Jun Hirose and Sakae Tanaka
Journal Hindawi Case Reports in Orthopedics | 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | Bilateral Sesamoiditis as First Manifestation of Gout | Bilateral Sesamoiditis as First Manifestation of Gout
Bilateral Sesamoiditis as First Manifestation of Gout
Overview Sesamoiditis secondary to gout is an extremely rare condition with few case reports in the literature. It is an important differential diagnosis because the treatment depends on targeted therapy, unlike the main causes of sesamoiditis that often involves immobilization with special orthoses and prescription of anti-inflammatory drugs. This here is a case of a 38-year-old male, athlete, with bipartite medial sesamoid, who had insidious pain in the base of the left hallux. Laboratory tests showed no alterations, and imaging examinations demonstrated sesamoiditis with suspicion of stress fracture. The patient was initially prescribed an immobilization boot and analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs, but he did not respond to the measures taken. After the onset of the same condition in the contralateral foot and getting the same imaging findings, an investigation of systemic disease began, focusing on gout, because of a positive family history, which was confirmed by dual-energy computed tomography.
Authors Daniel de Oliveira Beraldo, Sasha Duarte, Gustavo Pacheco, Rodrigo Barbosa, Carolina Mendes, Marcela Silva, Fabiana Beraldo, Andrei Alkmim, Ricardo Teixeira and Alexandre Bonfim
Journal Hindawi Case Reports in Orthopedics | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Fabella Syndrome and Common Peroneal Neuropathy following Total Knee Arthroplasty | Fabella Syndrome and Common Peroneal Neuropathy following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Fabella Syndrome and Common Peroneal Neuropathy following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Overview The fabella is a sesamoid bone in the lateral gastrocnemius that is present in 10-30% of the population. Despite its high prevalence, the fabella rarely causes pathology leading to delayed diagnoses and prolonged patient discomfort when symptomatic. The fabella syndrome is often associated with a snapping or clicking sensation that is exacerbated by aerobic activates. Fabella pathology is rare but increasingly recognized as a source of posterolateral knee pain following TKA. Initially believed to be unique to adolescents, fabella syndrome also affects older adults. When conservative interventions fail, surgical excision for treatment of fabella syndrome or fabella-associated common peroneal neuropathy has improved patient reported outcomes and returns to preinjury level of activities.
Significant mechanical alignment changes may create eccentric mechanical loads across the gastrocnemius tendon and embedded fabella. Furthermore, the correction of a flexion contracture with TKA may affect soft tissues posterior to the knee including the gastrocnemius tendon.
Authors Connor C. Diaz, Avinesh Agarwalla and Brian Forsythe
Journal Hindawi Case Reports in Orthopedics
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Effects of Deep Cervical Flexor Training on Forward Head Posture, Neck Pain, and Functional Status in Adolescents Using Computers Regularly | Effects of Deep Cervical Flexor Training on Forward Head Posture, Neck Pain, and Functional Status in Adolescents Using Computers Regularly
Effects of Deep Cervical Flexor Training on Forward Head Posture, Neck Pain, and Functional Status in Adolescents Using Computers Regularly
Overview:
Teaching is one of the professions where incidence and prevalence of neck pain is high. Prolonged use of computers, which has further increased due to online teaching amid pandemic, is known to cause neck pain and alter posture, while people with forward head posture (FHP) are prone to develop neck pain and related disability. Research has shown that impairment of deep cervical flexor (DCF) muscles leads to insufficiency in coordination, activation, overload, and poor support on cervical structures that further lead to development of neck pain and altered neck posture. The objective of this study was to see the effect of DCF muscle training using pressure biofeedback on pain and FHP in schoolteachers with neck pain.
This observational study was conducted at medical center in school premises. Fifty-five schoolteachers aged between 25 and 40 years with experience of more than 5 years were invited to participate in this study. Pain and FHP were assessed using NPRS and cranio-vertebral angle using digital photograph technique, respectively, at baseline and end of four weeks of treatment.
This study shows that although pain and FHP improved following conventional exercises in schoolteachers with neck pain, mean improvement was more significant among those who received additional DCF muscle training using pressure biofeedback.
Acknowledgments: Authors: Ahmad H. Alghadir and Zaheen A. Iqbal
Journal: BioMed Research International | 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Mixed reality applications in urology: Requirements and future potential | Mixed reality applications in urology: Requirements and future potential
Mixed reality applications in urology: Requirements and future potential
Overview Mixed reality (MR), the computer-supported augmentation of a real environment with virtual elements, becomes ever more relevant in the medical domain, especially in urology, ranging from education and training over surgeries. This study aimed to review existing MR technologies and their applications in urology. A non-systematic review of current literature was performed using the PubMed-Medline database using the medical subject headings (MeSH) term “mixed reality”, combined with one of the following terms: “virtual reality”, “augmented reality”, ‘’urology’’ and “augmented virtuality”. The relevant studies were utilized. It was found that medical students, urology residents and inexperienced urologists can gain experience thanks to MR technologies. MR applications are also used in patient education before interventions. For surgical support, the achievable accuracy is often not sufficient. The main challenges are the non-rigid nature of the genitourinary organs, intraoperative data acquisition, online and multimodal registration and calibration of devices. However, the progress made in recent years is tremendous in all respects and the gap is constantly shrinking.
Authors Gerd Reis, Mehmet Yilmaz, Jason Rambach, Alain Pagani, Rodrigo Suarez-Ibarrola, Arkadiusz Miernik, Paul Lesur, Nareg Minaskan
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Amygdala pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral Sclerosis | Amygdala pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral Sclerosis
Amygdala pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral Sclerosis
Overview Temporal lobe studies in motor neuron disease overwhelmingly focus on white matter alterations and cortical grey matter atrophy. Reports on amygdala involvement are conflicting and the amygdala is typically evaluated as single structure despite consisting of several functionally and cytologically distinct nuclei. A prospective, single-centre, neuroimaging study was undertaken to comprehensively characterise amygdala pathology in 100 genetically stratified ALS patients, 33 patients with PLS and 117 healthy controls. Our findings highlight that the amygdala is affected in ALS and our study demonstrates the selective involvement of specific nuclei as opposed to global atrophy. The genotype-specific patterns of amygdala involvement identified by this study are consistent with the growing literature of extra-motor clinical features. Mesial temporal lobe pathology in ALS is not limited to hippocampal pathology but, as a key hub of the limbic system, the amygdala is also affected in ALS.
Authors Rangariroyashe H. Chipikaa, Foteini Christidia, Eoin Finegan, Stacey Li Hi Shing, Mary Clare McKenna, Kai Ming Chang, Efstratios Karavasilis, Mark A. Doherty, Jennifer C. Hengeveld, Alice Vajda, Niall Pender, Siobhan Hutchinson, Colette Donaghy, Russell L. McLaughlin, Orla Hardiman, Peter Bede
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Blood-brain barrier pathology in patients with severe mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of biomarkers in case-control studies | Blood-brain barrier pathology in patients with severe mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of biomarkers in case-control studies
Blood-brain barrier pathology in patients with severe mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of biomarkers in case-control studies
Overview Blood-brain barrier (BBB) pathology may be associated with mental disorders. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to identify, evaluate and summarize available evidence on whether potential biomarkers of BBB pathology are altered in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, major depression and bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls. The findings implicate occurrence of BBB pathology in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, major depression and bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls. However, definite conclusions cannot be drawn, mainly because the investigated biomarkers are indirect measures of BBB pathology.
Authors Jesper Futtrup, Rebecca Margolinsky, Michael Eriksen Benros, Torben Moos, Lisa Juul Routhe, Jørgen Rungby, Jesper Krogh
Journal Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health | 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | The role of charting dental anomalies in human identification | The role of charting dental anomalies in human identification
The role of charting dental anomalies in human identification
Overview: An increase in awareness on dental hygiene among people through the years, consequently provoked a significant decrease in the occurrence of dental caries, and thus, a decrease in the number of dental restorations. This improvement of oral health affected the comparative dental analysis using dental treatments for human identification; hence, existing dental features or anomalies could act as unique identifying features. This study evaluated the awareness of dentists on charting dental anomalies by a dental charting task and addressed the importance of maintaining dental records for forensic and medico-legal purposes. The awareness of Forensic odontology among dentists was exceptional but the dental charting needs improvement. Only a few respondents submitted an Accurate or a Partially Correct answer and, as a result, an Atlas of Dental Anomalies was created to rectify this poor pattern of dental charting.
Authors: Jayapriya Jayakumar Scheila Mânica Journal: Forensic Science International: Reports
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Negative stereotypes as motivated justifications for moral exclusion | Negative stereotypes as motivated justifications for moral exclusion
Negative stereotypes as motivated justifications for moral exclusion
Overview: This article investigated the connection between moral exclusion of outgroups and on the one hand, right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), and social dominance orientation (SDO) on the other. It was assumed that both RWA and SDO would increase the tendency to place other groups out of the scope of justice. However, we also tested whether negative stereotypes about an outgroup’s threatening and norm-violating misbehaviour would serve as a justification for moral exclusion. These assumptions were tested in connection with Roma, Jewish, and Muslim people as target groups in the Hungarian context (N = 441). In line with our hypotheses, we found that both RWA and SDO had an indirect effect on moral exclusion mediated by negative stereotypes about the particular target group. The findings of this article suggested that negative stereotypes were more important legitimizing factors for RWA than for SDO. The results highlight the benefits of interpreting the process of moral exclusion as an outcome of motivated social cognition
Authors: Márton Hadarics and Anna Kende Journal: The Journal of Social Psychology | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical radiography practice: A systematic literature review and recommendations for future services planning | The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical radiography practice: A systematic literature review and recommendations for future services planning
The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical radiography practice: A systematic literature review and recommendations for future services planning
Overview Worldwide, reports and experiences indicate that there has been extensive re-organisation within diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy departments in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was necessary due to changes in workload and working practice guidelines that have evolved during the pandemic. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiography practice, service delivery and workforce wellbeing. The pandemic impact on radiography practice is broadly themed around: training, communication, and information dissemination; infrastructure, technology, and clinical workflow; and workforce mental health and well-being. It was concluded that globally, most radiographers received inadequate training for managing COVID-19 patients during the initial acute phase of the pandemic. Additionally, there were significant changes to clinical practice, working patterns and perceived increase in workload due to surges in COVID-19 patients and the consequent strict adherence to new infection protocols. These changes, coupled with fear emanating from the increased risk of the workforce to contracting the infection, contributed to anxiety and workplace-related stress during the pandemic.
Authors T.N. Akudjedu, N.A. Mishio, W. Elshami, M.P. Culp, O. Lawal, B.O. Botwe, A.-R. Wuni, N. Julka-Anderson M. Shanahan, J.J. Totman, J.M. Franklin Journal Radiography
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Society of Interventional Radiology Multidisciplinary Position Statement on Percutaneous Ablation of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Metastatic Disease to the Lungs | Society of Interventional Radiology Multidisciplinary Position Statement on Percutaneous Ablation of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Metastatic Disease to the Lungs
Society of Interventional Radiology Multidisciplinary Position Statement on Percutaneous Ablation of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Metastatic Disease to the Lungs
Overview
The purpose of this study is to state the Society of Interventional Radiology's position on the use of image-guided thermal ablation for the treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer, recurrent lung cancer, and metastatic disease to the lung. A multidisciplinary writing group, with expertise in treating lung cancer, conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify studies on the topic of interest. Recommendations were drafted and graded according to the updated SIR evidence grading system. A modified Delphi technique was used to achieve consensus agreement on the recommendation statements.
A total of 63 studies, including existing systematic reviews and meta-analysis, retrospective cohort studies, and single-arm trials were identified. The expert writing group developed and agreed on 7 recommendations on the use of image-guided thermal ablation in the lung. It was concluded that SIR considers image-guided thermal ablation to be an acceptable treatment option for patients with inoperable Stage I NSCLC, those with recurrent NSCLC, as well as patients with metastatic lung disease.
Authors Scott J. Genshaft, MD, Robert D. Suh, MD, Fereidoun Abtin, MD, Mark O. Baerlocher, MD, Albert J. Chang, MD, Sean R. Dariushnia, MD, A. Michael Devane, MD, Salomao Faintuch, MD, MS, Elizabeth A. Himes, BS, Aaron Lisberg, MD, Siddharth Padia, MD, Sheena Patel, MPH, Alda L. Tam, MD, MBA, and Jane Yanagawa, MD
Journal J Vasc Interv Radiol
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Radiology Residency Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic | Radiology Residency Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Radiology Residency Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Overview: Since March 11, 2020, when the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic, radiology department preparedness policies in response to COVID-19 have been published.
While operational preparedness is crucial in the functioning of the radiology department in this pandemic, academic institutions with radiology residency programs face an additional dimension in the realm of preparedness and response.
Alvin et al provided a perspective from radiology trainees on the impact of the pandemic on residents and fellows. The aim of this article is to provide specific guidance for radiology residency program leadership to prepare and respond to the residency-related impact from the pandemic, with focus on safety and education.
Authors: Alice Chong, Nolan J. Kagetsu, Andrew Yen, Erin A. Cooke Journal: Academic Radiology | 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Radiology and Enterprise Medical Imaging Extensions (REMIX) | Radiology and Enterprise Medical Imaging Extensions (REMIX)
Radiology and Enterprise Medical Imaging Extensions (REMIX)
Overview: Radiology and Enterprise Medical Imaging Extensions (REMIX) is a platform originally designed to both support the medical imaging-driven clinical and clinical research operational needs of Department of Radiology of The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. REMIX accommodates the storage and handling of "big imaging data," as needed for large multi-disciplinary cancer-focused programs.
The evolving REMIX platform contains an array of integrated tools/software packages for the following:
1. Server and storage management 2. Image reconstruction 3. Digital pathology 4. De-identification 5. Business intelligence 6. Texture analysis; and 7. Artificial intelligence.
These capabilities, along with documentation and guidance, explaining how to interact with a commercial system (e.g., PACS, EHR, commercial database) that currently exists in clinical environments, are to be made freely available.
Authors:
Barbaros S. Erdal & Luciano M. Prevedello & Songyue Qian & Mutlu Demirer & Kevin Little & John Ryu & Thomas O’Donnell 2 & Richard D. White
Journal:
J Digit Imaging
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Society of Interventional Radiology Research Reporting Standards for Prostatic Artery Embolization | Society of Interventional Radiology Research Reporting Standards for Prostatic Artery Embolization
Society of Interventional Radiology Research Reporting Standards for Prostatic Artery Embolization
Overview Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) is a promising alternative to traditional surgical options for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, as with any developing area of investigation, there is a need to assemble consistent high-quality data that clarify the role of that therapy and allow for systematic analyses of multiple studies.
The objective of this Reporting Standards document is to define a consistent nomenclature and terminology with which investigators can communicate the results of PAE trials to facilitate subsequent comparisons of published techniques, embolic materials, patient populations, and outcomes. The intent is to systematize the reporting of PAE data so that higher levels of evidence can be sought. Reporting Standards are not intended to validate or recommend technical aspects of PAE, but to promote transparent, detailed, and uniform reporting of relevant data.
Authors Andre B. Uflacker, MD, Ziv J Haskal, MD, Mark O. Baerlocher, MD, Shivank S. Bhatia, MD, Francisco C. Carnevale, MD, PhD, Sean R. Dariushnia, MD, Salomao Faintuch, MD, MS, Ron C. Gaba, MD, MS, Jafar Golzarian, MD, Mehran Midia, MD, Boris Nikolic, MD, MBA, Marc R. Sapoval, MD, PhD, and T. Gregory Walker, MD
Journal J Vasc Interv Radiol | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Implementation of Real-Time Speech Separation Model Using Time-Domain Audio Separation Network (TasNet) and Dual-Path Recurrent Neural Network (DPRNN) | Implementation of Real-Time Speech Separation Model Using Time-Domain Audio Separation Network (TasNet) and Dual-Path Recurrent Neural Network (DPRNN)
Implementation of Real-Time Speech Separation Model Using Time-Domain Audio Separation Network (TasNet) and Dual-Path Recurrent Neural Network (DPRNN)
Overview The purpose of this research is to develop a model that can perform real-time speaker independent multi-talker speech separation task in time-domain using Time-Domain Audio Separation Network (TasNet) and Dual-Path Recurrent Neural Network (DPRNN). This research conducted experiments on some RNN architectures, number of batch size, and optimizers as hyperparameters in order to implement TasNet and DPRNN. This research also tried to analyse the impact of these hyperparameters setup on model performance. The expected result of this research was a more accurate model and lower latency to complete speaker independent multi-talker speech separation task in real-time than previous research model
Authors Alfian Wijayakusumaa, Davin Reinaldo Gozalia, Anthony Widjajaa, Hanry Ham Journal Procedia Computer Science
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | The psychosocial impact of surgical complications on the operating surgeon: A scoping review | The psychosocial impact of surgical complications on the operating surgeon: A scoping review
The psychosocial impact of surgical complications on the operating surgeon: A scoping review
Overview Surgical complications are common, and their management is an integral part of surgical care. The impact on the surgeon, the “second victim” is significant, particularly in terms of psychological health. The aim of this review is to describe the nature of psychosocial consequences of surgical complications on the surgeons involved. Following scoping review protocols, this study set out to identify the evidence-base for psychosocial consequences on the operating surgeon, predominantly general surgeons, following surgical complications. This review suggests that the psychosocial impact, following a complication, is variable but affects every surgeon irrespective of the level of impact on the patient. The main variables differentiating impact are severity, and outcome of the complication and seniority of the surgeon. Reported emotions and behaviours were generally negative and persist across the surgeon’s journey towards recovery. Surgeons who manage stress well exhibit largely constructive behaviours and actively work to recover. Identification of variables underpinning complications, and affected surgeons is paramount, as is the provision of services to support recovery. Efforts should be made to proactively prevent complications, via education, awareness and to formalise support processes.
Authors Manjunath Siddaiah-Subramanya, Henry To, Catherine Haigh Journal Annals of Medicine and Surgery
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | A call to action for the inclusion of ENT/Audiology services in the public health approach to addressing non-communicable diseases in the Pacific Islands | A call to action for the inclusion of ENT/Audiology services in the public health approach to addressing non-communicable diseases in the Pacific Islands
A call to action for the inclusion of ENT/Audiology services in the public health approach to addressing non-communicable diseases in the Pacific Islands
Overview According to the World Health Organization (WHO), noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the single largest cause of premature mortality in the Pacific Islands. A major strategy among Pacific nations is the implementation of the WHO Package of Essential Noncommunicable Disease Interventions for Primary Health Care in Low-Resource Settings. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancers are the major NCDs that may be prevented or managed through modifications in health behaviours such as tobacco use, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and the harmful use of alcohol. The development of hearing loss is gradual, and initial hearing difficulties may be attributed to other causes by caregivers, such as lack of attention or poor concentration. Improvements in public health education and inclusion of routine ear/hearing health assessments in the care plan of people living with NCDs should reduce the burden of hearing disability in this population. Auditory rehabilitation services for people living with both NCDs and a hearing disorder should positively contribute to their quality of life, thus further reducing the burden of disability. This commentary argues that a public health approach to reducing permanent hearing impairment should similarly be adopted for adults, specifically through the inclusion of clinical and public health ENT/Audiology services within the existing strategic framework aimed at reducing the burden of NCDs in the Pacific Islands. This approach aligns with the World Report on Hearing which was launched on the March 3, 2021. Using the Pacific Island context as an example, this commentary further contributes to the discussion on prevention/management of NCDs as an avoidable cause of hearing disability among older adults.
Authors Annette Kaspar, Sione Pifeleti Journal Public Health in Practice
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Effectiveness of an Eye-Cervical Re-Education Program in Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial | Effectiveness of an Eye-Cervical Re-Education Program in Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Effectiveness of an Eye-Cervical Re-Education Program in Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Overview:
Proprioceptive training is popularly applied as a therapeutic exercise method in physiotherapy. Its effects on pain and range of motion are only poorly evaluated. Adults with neck pain commonly experience hyperalgesia of cervical muscles, as evidenced by a reduced pressure pain threshold (PPT). Pain symptoms are thought to worsen in response to prolonged static muscle activity and/or repetitive job tasks, causing muscle metabolic disturbances. The reduced range of neck motion (ROM) is another objective finding widely investigated in CNP. It could be argued that the optimal functioning of the cervical musculature is related to the ROM; changes in neck muscle activation that result in an altered stiffness distribution may affect cervical passive stability as well as the passive and active ROM.
This study assesses the effectiveness of proprioceptive training with an Eye-Cervical Re-education Program to decrease pain and increase the joint range in chronic neck pain patients. All patients were treated with a multimodal physiotherapy intervention. The experimental group was supplemented with an exercise program that included eye-cervical proprioception.
In conclusion the eye-cervical re-education program is effective at relieving pain pressure thresholds in the upper trapezius, right levator scapula, and left splenius capitis and especially effective for increasing the cervical range of motion.
Acknowledgments: Authors: Veronica Perez-Cabezas, Carmen Ruiz-Molinero, Jose Jesus Jimenez-Rejano, Gema Chamorro Moriana, Gloria Gonzalez-Medina and Raquel Chillon-Martinez
Journal: Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | COVID-19 in Pediatrics | COVID-19 in Pediatrics
Overview In 2019, a novel coronavirus emerged called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Initially identified in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 spread internationally and became a global pandemic. Most pediatric COVID-19 cases were milder than in adults, but in the early Spring of 2020, a new inflammatory syndrome emerged in children who had evidence of prior SARS CoV-2 infection, called Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). As of March 2021, there were approximately 2,592,619 cases of COVID-19 in people under 18 in the United States and 300 deaths. Of all American cases, 2.1% were in children aged 0 to 4 years old, and another 10.2% were in those aged 5 to 17. Prevalence varies by age, with estimates ranging from 17% for children under 2 years old to 25% of children ages 6 to 10 years old, and 23% in 10 to 14 years old. The severity of the disease is generally lower for children, with only 1% to 5% of pediatric cases qualifying as severe versus to 10% to 20% in adults. This finding is thought to reflect the lower levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in alveolar cells, which is the mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 enters cells. Being older than 12 years and having a high initial C-reactive protein (CRP) are risk factors for admission to a pediatric intensive care unit, and high CRP, leukocytosis, and thrombocytopenia are risk factors for organ dysfunction. Viral load and young age, specifically children under 1 year of age, are other risk factors for more severe disease. This study describes the features, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric COVID-19 and MIS-C based on the data available at the time of publication.
Authors Case SM, Son MB
Journal Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America | 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children and adolescents in the UK: a prospective national cohort study | Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children and adolescents in the UK: a prospective national cohort study
Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children and adolescents in the UK: a prospective national cohort study
Overview The spectrum of neurological and psychiatric complications associated with paediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection is poorly understood. This study aimed to analyse the range and prevalence of these complications in hospitalised children and adolescents. A national cohort study was conducted in the UK using an online network of secure rapid-response notification portals established by the CoroNerve study group. Patients were excluded if they did not have a neurological consultation or neurological investigations or both or did not meet the definition for confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (a positive PCR or respiratory or spinal fluid samples, serology for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, or both). Individuals were classified as having either a primary neurological disorder associated with COVID-19 (COVID-19 neurology group) or PIMS-TS with neurological features (PIMS-TS neurology group). The denominator of all hospitalised children and adolescents with COVID-19 was collated from National Health Service England data. This study identified key differences between those with a primary neurological disorder versus those with PIMS-TS. Compared with patients with a primary neurological disorder, more patients with PIMS-TS needed intensive care, but outcomes were similar overall.
Authors Stephen T J Ray et al
Journal The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Previous History of Knee Arthroscopy in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Examination of the Effect of the Literature and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2013 Arthroscopy Guidelines on Clinical Practice | Previous History of Knee Arthroscopy in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Examination of the Effect of the Literature and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2013 Arthroscopy Guidelines on Clinical Practice
Previous History of Knee Arthroscopy in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Examination of the Effect of the Literature and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2013 Arthroscopy Guidelines on Clinical Practice
Overview The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of previous knee arthroscopy in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) before (2005-2006) and after (2018) publication of landmark studies that examined the effectiveness of knee arthroscopy as well as the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2013 knee arthroscopy guidelines. In this study a retrospective chart review of 214 patients who underwent a TKA between 2005 and 2006 (Group 1) and 213 patients who underwent a TKA in 2018 (Group 2) was performed. The medical records were to determine whether previous knee arthroscopy was performed. The findings suggests that the recommendations set forth by landmark clinical trials that examined the effectiveness of knee arthroscopy and the AAOS 2013 knee arthroscopy guidelines did not have a sudden impact within the geographic region, however there is significant evidence to suggest a gradual shift in treatment, where knee arthroscopy is withheld near imminent knee arthroplasty.
Authors Melissa A. Kluczynski, M.S.., Griffin Lunn, Matthew J. Phillips, M.D., andJohn M. Marzo, M.D
Journal Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Influences for Gender Disparity in Academic Family Medicine in North American Medical Schools | Influences for Gender Disparity in Academic Family Medicine in North American Medical Schools
Influences for Gender Disparity in Academic Family Medicine in North American Medical Schools
Overview Women physicians continue to comprise the minority of leadership roles in Academic Family Medicine (AFM) faculty across North American medical schools. This study quantified the current state of gender disparity by analysing academic position, leadership ranking, and research productivity.
A database for 6,746 AFM faculty members was generated. Gender and academic profiles were obtained for 2,892 academic ranks and 1,706 leadership roles by searching faculty listings enlisted in Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA) and Canadian Resident Matching Service (CaRMS).
The results indicated that women hold 46.11% (3,110/6,746) of faculty positions. The proportional composition decreased with increasing academic ranking (49.84% assistant, 46.78% associate, and 41.5% full professor). The same decreasing trend was demonstrated with leadership rank (57.14% minor leadership, 47.65% second-in-command, and 36.61 first-in command). Compared to their gender counterparts, women in AFM demonstrated lower publication productivity as measured by citation number (p=0.04) and years of study (p=0.008).
In conclusion it was found that the composition of academic family medicine faculty members included in this study demonstrated gender disparity. Inclusivity initiatives and policies to tackle the issue of female retention, promotion, and recruitment need to be further explored.
Authors Szu-Yu Tina Chen, Sabeena Jalal, Maryam Ahmadi, Kiran Khurshid, Nizar Bhulani, Ateeq U. Rehman, Aftab Ahmad, Jeffrey Ding, Terri-Leigh R. Aldred, Faisal Khosa
Journal Cureus
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Helping the Surgeon Recover: Peer-to-Peer Coaching after Bile Duct Injury | Helping the Surgeon Recover: Peer-to-Peer Coaching after Bile Duct Injury
Helping the Surgeon Recover: Peer-to-Peer Coaching after Bile Duct Injury
Overview Bile duct injury sustained during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with high morbidity and mortality and can be a devastating complication for a general surgeon. This study introduces a novel, individualized surgical coaching program for surgeons who recently injured a bile duct in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The course aims to explore the perception of coaching among these surgeons and to assess surgeons’ experiences in the coaching program. Six general surgeons who injured a bile duct at an emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy participated in a one-on-one coaching session with a hepatopancreatobiliary surgeon. The session focused on debriefing the index case with video feedback, and discussion of strategies for safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Peer coaching was identified as a valuable resource in helping surgeons regain confidence and maintain well-being after a bile duct injury. Maintaining a collegial, nonjudgmental relationship is critical in establishing positive coaching experiences. An individualized surgical coaching program creates a unique opportunity for professional development and may help promote safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Authors Alice ZhuShirley, DengBrittany, GreeneMelanie, TsangShiva Jayarama
Journal Journal of the American College of Surgeons
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Effect of Deep Cervical Flexor Muscle Training Using Pressure Biofeedback on Pain and Forward Head Posture in School Teachers with Neck Pain: An Observational Study | Effect of Deep Cervical Flexor Muscle Training Using Pressure Biofeedback on Pain and Forward Head Posture in School Teachers with Neck Pain: An Observational Study
Effect of Deep Cervical Flexor Muscle Training Using Pressure Biofeedback on Pain and Forward Head Posture in School Teachers with Neck Pain: An Observational Study
Overview: Teaching is one of the professions where incidence and prevalence of neck pain is high. Prolonged use of computers, which has further increased due to online teaching amid pandemic, is known to cause neck pain and alter posture, while people with forward head posture (FHP) are prone to develop neck pain and related disability. Research has shown that impairment of deep cervical flexor (DCF) muscles leads to insufficiency in coordination, activation, overload, and poor support on cervical structures that further lead to development of neck pain and altered neck posture. The objective of this study was to see the effect of DCF muscle training using pressure biofeedback on pain and FHP in schoolteachers with neck pain.
This observational study was conducted at medical center in school premises. Fifty-five schoolteachers aged between 25 and 40 years with experience of more than 5 years were invited to participate in this study. Pain and FHP were assessed using NPRS and cranio-vertebral angle using digital photograph technique, respectively, at baseline and end of four weeks of treatment.
This study shows that although pain and FHP improved following conventional exercises in schoolteachers with neck pain, mean improvement was more significant among those who received additional DCF muscle training using pressure biofeedback.
Acknowledgments:
Authors: Ahmad H. Alghadir and Zaheen A. Iqbal
Journal: BioMed Research International | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Hypertension Part 3 | Hypertension Part 3
Overview Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. For patients who are symptomatic, however, uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure are true medical emergencies that require rapid intervention in the ED. It is therefore important to understand the disease of chronic hypertension and, perhaps more important, episodes of acute and uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure so that we, as prehospital care providers, can better stratify these patients into low- and high-risk groups that may or may not require transport to an ED for evaluation and treatment.
As we will discuss, it is reasonable to say that not every patient who presents with hypertension is at high risk of morbidity and mortality and absolutely requires evaluation and treatment at an ED. This is not to say EMTs and paramedics should talk patients out of going to EDs for evaluation. Rather, we will strive to give prehospital care providers a better understanding of the risks involved with acute hypertension so they can better work with their patients to find a solution that is safe, reasonable and responsible for everyone involved. This article discusses the topic of acute hypertension, hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergencies in an effort to help EMS providers better understand these illnesses and help patients make the best decisions regarding their transport and care.
Authors:
Sharespike
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Hypertension Part 2 | Hypertension Part 2
Overview Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. For patients who are symptomatic, however, uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure are true medical emergencies that require rapid intervention in the ED. It is therefore important to understand the disease of chronic hypertension and, perhaps more important, episodes of acute and uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure so that we, as prehospital care providers, can better stratify these patients into low- and high-risk groups that may or may not require transport to an ED for evaluation and treatment.
As we will discuss, it is reasonable to say that not every patient who presents with hypertension is at high risk of morbidity and mortality and absolutely requires evaluation and treatment at an ED. This is not to say EMTs and paramedics should talk patients out of going to EDs for evaluation. Rather, we will strive to give prehospital care providers a better understanding of the risks involved with acute hypertension so they can better work with their patients to find a solution that is safe, reasonable and responsible for everyone involved. This article discusses the topic of acute hypertension, hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergencies in an effort to help EMS providers better understand these illnesses and help patients make the best decisions regarding their transport and care.
Authors:
Sharespike
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Bee Sting and Anaphylaxis | Bee Sting and Anaphylaxis
Bee Sting and Anaphylaxis
Overview Hymenoptera stings account for more deaths in the United States than any other envenomation. The order Hymenoptera includes Apis species, ie, bees (European, African), vespids (wasps, yellow jackets, hornets), and ants. Most deaths result from immediate hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis. Severe anaphylactoid reactions occur occasionally when toxins directly stimulate mast cells. In addition to immunologic mechanisms, some injury occurs from direct toxicity. While most stings cause only minor problems, stings cause a significant number of deaths.
Target organs are the skin, vascular system, and respiratory system. Pathology is like other immunoglobulin E (IgE)–mediated allergic reactions. Anaphylaxis is a common and life-threatening consequence of Hymenoptera stings and is typically a result of sudden systemic release of mast cells and basophil mediators. Urticaria, vasodilation, bronchospasm, laryngospasm, and angioedema are prominent symptoms of the reaction. Respiratory arrest may result in refractory cases
This study aims to discuss the different stings, prognosis and emergency reactions and treatment thereto.
Author Sharespike | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | COVID-19 among dentists in the United States A 6-month longitudinal report of accumulative prevalence and incidence | COVID-19 among dentists in the United States A 6-month longitudinal report of accumulative prevalence and incidence
COVID-19 among dentists in the United States A 6-month longitudinal report of accumulative prevalence and incidence
Overview In 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Dental Association released COVID-19 infection control interim guidance for US dentists, advising the use of optimal personal protection equipment during aerosol-generating procedures. The aim of this longitudinal study was to determine the cumulative prevalence and incidence rates of COVID-19 among dentists and to assess their level of engagement in specific infection control practices. US dentists were invited to participate in a monthly web-based survey from June through November 2020. The proportion of dentists tested for COVID-19 increased over time, as did the rate of dentists performing aerosol-generating procedures. Enhanced infection prevention and control strategies in the dental practice were reported by nearly every participant monthly, and rates of personal protection equipment optimization, such as changing masks after each patient, dropped over time. US dentists continue to show a high level of adherence to enhanced infection control procedures in response to the ongoing pandemic, resulting in low rates of cumulative prevalence of COVID-19. Dentists are showing adherence to a strict protocol for enhanced infection control, which should help protect their patients, their dental team members, and themselves. COVID-19 infections among practicing dentists will likely remain low if dentists continue to adhere to guidance.
Authors Marcelo W.B. Araujo, DDS, MS, PhD; Cameron G. Estrich, MPH, PhD; Matthew Mikkelsen, MA; Rachel Morrissey, MPA; Brittany Harrison, MA; Maria L. Geisinger, DDS, MS; Effie Ioannidou, DDS, MDS; Marko Vujicic Journal JADA
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| | Oral Health and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Unique Collaboration between Dentistry and Occupational Therapy | Oral Health and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Unique Collaboration between Dentistry and Occupational Therapy
Oral Health and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Unique Collaboration between Dentistry and Occupational Therapy
Overview
Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are at risk for oral health disparities. With the dramatic rise in ASD prevalence to 1 in 54 children, it is likely that an increasing number of dental practitioners will encounter or be asked to treat children with ASD. This paper reviews explanations related to the increasing prevalence of ASD, provides reasons why children with ASD are at increased risk for poor oral health, and discusses unique interprofessional collaborations between dental practitioners and occupational therapists. Occupational therapists and dentists can work together to plan modifications to the dental environment or adapt dental protocols to reduce some of the barriers encountered by those with ASD, provide desensitization strategies before the clinic visit, or help a child with emotional regulation during clinical treatments.
Authors Dominique H. Como,Leah I. Stein Duker, José C. Polido and Sharon A. Cermak
Journal Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health | 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | SOPEZ: Study for the optimization of ergonomics in the dental practice - musculoskeletal disorders in dentists and dental assistants: a study protocol | SOPEZ: Study for the optimization of ergonomics in the dental practice - musculoskeletal disorders in dentists and dental assistants: a study protocol
SOPEZ: Study for the optimization of ergonomics in the dental practice - musculoskeletal disorders in dentists and dental assistants: a study protocol
Overview: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are common among dental professionals. The most common areas affected are the trunk, neck, shoulders and wrists. Current evidence suggests that the causes of MSD can be found in the physical demands of the profession. Posture and movement during treatment is influenced by the arrangement of the treatment concept (patient chair, equipment and cabinets). It has not been investigated whether the ergonomic risk differs between the treatment concepts. For the first time, objective and differentiated comparisons between the four treatment concepts are possible for different fields of dental specialization. Up to now, statically held positions of the trunk and proximal upper extremities, but also the repetitive movements of the hands have been considered a risk for MSD. Since both are included in the RULA, dental activities can be assessed in a detailed but also global manner with regard to ergonomic risks.
Authors: Ohlendorf et al. Journal: Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology
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| | Amebiasis | Amebiasis
Overview Amebiasis is caused by Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan that is found worldwide. The highest prevalence of amebiasis is in developing countries where barriers between human faeces and food and water supplies are inadequate.
Although most cases of amebiasis are asymptomatic, dysentery and invasive extraintestinal disease can occur. Amebic liver abscess is the most common manifestation of invasive amebiasis, but other organs can also be involved, including pleuropulmonary, cardiac, cerebral, renal, genitourinary, peritoneal, and cutaneous sites. In developed countries, amebiasis primarily affects migrants from and travellers to endemic regions, men who have sex with men, and immunosuppressed or institutionalized individuals.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has classified E histolytica as a category B biodefense pathogen because of its low infectious dose, environmental stability, resistance to chlorine, and ease of dissemination through contamination of food and water supplies.
E histolytica is transmitted via ingestion of the cystic form (infective stage) of the protozoa. Viable in the environment for weeks to months, cysts can be found in soil contaminated with faecal, fertilizer, or water or on the contaminated hands of food handlers. Faecal-oral transmission can also occur in the setting of anal sexual practices or direct rectal inoculation through colonic irrigation devices.
Author Sharespike
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| | Asthma Exacerbation Part 2 | Asthma Exacerbation Part 2
Asthma Exacerbation Part 2
Overview
Asthma is a common chronic disease worldwide and affects approximately 26 million persons in the United States. It is the most common chronic disease in childhood, affecting an estimated 7 million children, and it is a common cause of hospitalization for children in the United States.
The pathophysiology of asthma is complex and involves airway inflammation, intermittent airflow obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The mechanism of inflammation in asthma may be acute, subacute, or chronic, and the presence of airway edema and mucus secretion also contributes to airflow obstruction and bronchial reactivity. Varying degrees of mononuclear cell and eosinophil infiltration, mucus hypersecretion, desquamation of the epithelium, smooth muscle hyperplasia, and airway remodelling are present. Physical findings vary with the severity of the asthma and with the absence or presence of an acute episode and its severity. Pharmacologic management includes the use of relief and control agents.
Author Sharespike | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Asthma Exacerbation Part 1 | Asthma Exacerbation Part 1
Asthma Exacerbation Part 1
Overview
Asthma is a common chronic disease worldwide and affects approximately 26 million persons in the United States. It is the most common chronic disease in childhood, affecting an estimated 7 million children, and it is a common cause of hospitalization for children in the United States.
The pathophysiology of asthma is complex and involves airway inflammation, intermittent airflow obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The mechanism of inflammation in asthma may be acute, subacute, or chronic, and the presence of airway edema and mucus secretion also contributes to airflow obstruction and bronchial reactivity. Varying degrees of mononuclear cell and eosinophil infiltration, mucus hypersecretion, desquamation of the epithelium, smooth muscle hyperplasia, and airway remodelling are present. Physical findings vary with the severity of the asthma and with the absence or presence of an acute episode and its severity. Pharmacologic management includes the use of relief and control agents. Author Sharespike | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Dentist Job Satisfaction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | Dentist Job Satisfaction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Dentist Job Satisfaction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Overview
Because of the heterogeneous nature of the evidence regarding dentists’ job satisfaction, an overview was necessary to examine dentists’ level of job satisfaction and to determine related work environmental factors.
Nine studies were included from the 1987 initially retrieved. Among the included studies, 5 exhibited a neutral level of satisfaction and originated from China, South Korea, Egypt, and the United States, and 3 studies from Canada, Lithuania, and the United States showed a high level of satisfaction. Only 1 study did not report the mean job satisfaction score. According to bias evaluation, 9 studies were considered low risk.
The findings showed that dentists were satisfied with their jobs at a moderate to high level, and specialists were more satisfied than general dentists. Regarding work environmental factors, the 6 most satisfied factors were patient relationships, respect, delivery of care, staff, professional relationship, and professional environment. Five of the least satisfied factors were personal time, stress, income, practice management, and professional time.
Authors Van Nhat Thang Le, Minh-Huy Dang, Jae-Gon Kim, Yeon-Mi Yang, Dae-Woo Lee
Journal: International Dental Journal | 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | The role of the dentist in the diagnosis and management of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea | The role of the dentist in the diagnosis and management of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
The role of the dentist in the diagnosis and management of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
Overview
The objective of this article is to review the role of the dentist in the early diagnosis of pediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and to provide an in-depth review of the best evidence-based practices available to treat and/or to refer these patients for intervention. A narrative review was performed using indexed data bases (PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, OVID, Scopus and Cochrane) up to year 2020, and approximately 1000 articles were reviewed. The articles included were those with the best information provided.
Detailed review of the literature suggests that the role of the dentist has been redefined owing to their expertise in the orofacial region. Every patient consulting a dental practice is not merely a dental patient; he/she also requires a comprehensive medical review. The role of the dentist is pivotal in pediatric patients once diagnosed with OSA; as the patients grow, growth modification can be achieved, and future management will be easier. Initiating dental treatments during growth can benefit patients two-fold, saving them from malocclusion, and intervening in orofacial structural growth can help to avoid cumbersome treatments, such as CPAP and various surgeries. Proper diagnosis and management of systemic illnesses can prevent compromised quality of life, delays in treatment, morbidity and, in some cases, mortality.
Authors: Hafiz M. Moin Anwer, Hamad N. Albagieh, Mythili Kalladka, Harmeet K. Chiang, Shaima Malik , Sean W. McLaren, Junad Khan
Journal: Saudi Dental Journal
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| | Differences in the Knowledge and Experience of Physicians and Dentists About Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Osteoporotic Patients | Differences in the Knowledge and Experience of Physicians and Dentists About Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Osteoporotic Patients
Differences in the Knowledge and Experience of Physicians and Dentists About Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Osteoporotic Patients
Overview Prevention of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in patients with osteoporosis requires the cooperation of physicians and dentists. This study investigated the knowledge, experience, and behaviour related to medical and dental cooperation for MRONJ prevention in patients with osteoporosis between physicians and dentists practising in the Shiga prefecture. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the cooperation between practising physicians and dentists for preventing osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in patients with osteoporosis using 2 separate questionnaires from July 28, 2018, to February 3, 2019. The behaviour of physicians and dentists was insufficient to enable medical and dental cooperation for the prevention of MRONJ in patients with osteoporosis. The lack of cooperation between physicians and dentists during osteoporosis treatment is documented in this study. | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Knowledge and Practice Regarding Oral Cancer: A Study Among Dentists in Jakarta, Indonesia | Knowledge and Practice Regarding Oral Cancer: A Study Among Dentists in Jakarta, Indonesia
Knowledge and Practice Regarding Oral Cancer: A Study Among Dentists in Jakarta, Indonesia
Overview
The aim of this study was to assess dentists' knowledge of risk factors and diagnostic procedures related to oral cancer (OC) and to determine the factors that influenced their level of knowledge.
A modified version of a questionnaire that had been used to assess dentists’ knowledge regarding OC in Canada was used. A total of 816 dentists were invited to participate in the study.
The total response rate was 49.2%; however, the number of dentists from 5 regions in Jakarta were equally represented. Use of tobacco or alcohol and history of previous OC were the top 3 risk factors that were answered correctly by dentists, but there was a high proportion of dentists who considered some without any evidence as risk factors. Almost half of the dentists did not know the early signs of OC and that erythroplakia and leukoplakia were associated with increased risks of developing OC. Only about 27% of dentists had a high level of knowledge of risk factors and fewer dentists demonstrated a good knowledge of diagnostic procedures. Dentists’ age group, year of graduation, and experience of continuing education significantly influenced the level of knowledge of diagnostic procedures.
Dentists in Jakarta had a considerable level of knowledge of major risk factors of OC, although some gaps in their knowledge, especially in diagnostic procedures, were present. Increasing these competencies may aid in the prevention and early detection of OC.
Authors: Yuniardini Septorini Wimardhani, Saman Warnakulasuriya, Indriasti Indah Wardhany, Selvia Syahzaman, Yohana Agustina, Diah Ayu Maharani
Journal:
International Dental Journal
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| | Local Anaesthesia in Dentistry: A Review | Local Anaesthesia in Dentistry: A Review
Local Anaesthesia in Dentistry: A Review
Overview:
Over the past century, there is perhaps no greater contribution to the practice of clinical dentistry than the development and application of local anaesthesia. What were once considered painful procedures have now been made routine by the deposition and action of local anaesthetics. An average dentist will administer over 1,500 cartridges of dental local anaesthetic a year. As such, anyone administering this drug should be intimately familiar with what the drug does to the body, as well as what the body does to that drug.
This article will serve as a review of basic pharmacological principles of local anaesthesia, subsequent sequelae that can arise from their use, considerations when using local anaesthetics, and recent advances in the delivery of local anaesthetics.
It was concluded that this article should serve as a baseline for understanding that general dental practitioners possess for safe treatment of patients. Clinicians are encouraged to continue to expand both their didactic knowledge and practical clinical skills through advanced reading, discussion with colleagues, continuing education courses and treatment of patients.
Authors: Derek Decloux, Aviv Ouanounou
Journal: International Dental Journal
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Occupational health practices among dental care professionals before and during the COVID-19 pandemic | Occupational health practices among dental care professionals before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Occupational health practices among dental care professionals before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Overview The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a substantial burden on dental care professionals. While dentistry is known as one of the most exposed and high-risk professions, dental care professionals are indeed at even greater risk. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, occupational health practices, personal protective equipment usage, and mental stressors during COVID-19 pandemic among dental care professionals. Ongoing training on infection control, occupational health practices, and PPE usage can prevent the transmission of COVID-19 among dental care professionals and the public. Lack of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) is a burden for applying occupational health practices in dental clinics and present a risk to the public. COVID-19 may contribute to developing psychological stress and disrupt healthy work-life balance among dental professionals.
Authors: Sean Banaee, Denise M. Claiborne and Muge Akpinar-Elci
Journal Work 68 | 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection-in dentists and supporting staff at a university dental hospital in Argentina | Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection-in dentists and supporting staff at a university dental hospital in Argentina
Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection-in dentists and supporting staff at a university dental hospital in Argentina
Overview Oral healthcare professionals are at increased risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of COVID-19 in a population of workers who provided services during the COVID19 pandemic at a dental care and educational institution in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study including 358 workers who provided essential services during the first 180 days of the COVID-19 pandemic at the Dental Hospital at Buenos Aires University School of Dentistry (FOUBA). Following epidemiological data, these workers underwent diagnostic testing for COVID-19 (1- nasal or throat swab tests; 2- blood test for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays [ELISA]; 3- commercial rapid serology test). Three diagnostic tests were implemented. Rapid tests were performed on 290 subjects, with 255 negative results
For this sample of dentists, dental assistants and nonclinical personnel, the weighted prevalence of COVID-19 was 4%.
Authors Sebastian Puia, Jorge Pasart, Ariel Gualtieri, Francisco Somoza, Carolina Melo, Milton Alessandrelo, Patricio Gatti, Aldo Squassi, Pablo Alejandro Rodriguez
Journal Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Exploring the Contexts, Mechanisms and Outcomes of a Dental Anxiety Service in Norway: A Realist Evaluation | Exploring the Contexts, Mechanisms and Outcomes of a Dental Anxiety Service in Norway: A Realist Evaluation
Exploring the Contexts, Mechanisms and Outcomes of a Dental Anxiety Service in Norway: A Realist Evaluation
Overview Torture, abuse and dental phobia are often precursors to developing a pathological relationship with dental care due to elevated anxiety and the risk for re-traumatisation. Consequently, this patient group tends to avoid dental services, leaving them with severe tooth decay that affects both their general and psychosocial health. Norwegian dental services have implemented a specific dental service targeting this patient group, aiming to both alleviate their dental anxiety and restore their oral health. The outcomes of this service have been positive, but for this model to be transferrable to other national contexts, it is necessary not just to understand whether the service works, but also how and why it works. Therefore, this study developed theories on how the structure of the service alleviates dental anxiety and restores patients’ oral health. Although developed specially in a Norwegian context, these theories may be applicable to other national and international contexts. First, the state-subsidised dental service affects service access and service uptake. Second, this service can be adapted and tailored to regional resources to meet the needs of the heterogenous patient group. Third, regional service teams are cohesive because of a lack of national communication and cooperative practice. Fourth, the complexity of migration processes and poor dissemination practices leads to poor recruitment of torture survivors to the service. The service follows a hybrid bottom-up, top-down approach, allowing teams to practise discretion and tailor their approach to meet individual needs.
Authors: Emilie Bryne, Sarah Catherine Patricia Duff Hean, Kjersti Berge Evensen, Vibeke Hervik Bull
Journal: BMC Health Services Research | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Effects of the Multidimensional Treatment on Pain, Disability, and Sitting Posture in Patients with Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial | Effects of the Multidimensional Treatment on Pain, Disability, and Sitting Posture in Patients with Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of the Multidimensional Treatment on Pain, Disability, and Sitting Posture in Patients with Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Overview
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of multidimensional approach model on the pain, disability, and sitting posture in patients with nonspecific low back pain (LBP). Sixty LBP patients were recruited and were randomly divided into two groups: multidimensional treatment (MT) group and unimodal treatment (UT) group. All participants underwent 48 sessions of treatment (40 min/session, two sessions per day, 2 days per week) for 12 weeks.
The MT group conducted a core stability exercise twice a day and additionally provided training on pain principles and management methods. The UT group only performed a core stability exercise twice a day. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability index (ODI) were used to measure pain intensity and disability. Thoracolumbar kyphosis and lumbar lordosis in the sitting position were measured using a motion capture system. After training, the pain and disability in the MT group improved significantly greater than the UT group (p < 0.05). In the MT group, the pain relief effect persisted 3 months after the end of training. Thoracolumbar kyphosis and lumbar lordosis in the MT group were significantly improved compared to the UT group (p < 0.05). Thus, MT combined with core stability exercise may be used to improve the pain, disability, and sitting posture in patients with LBP.
Authors Tae-Sung In, Jin-Hwa Jung, Kyoung-Sim Jung and Hwi-Young Cho
Journal Hindawi Pain Research and Management | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Advantages of using toothpaste containing propolis and plant oils for gingivitis prevention and oral cavity hygiene in cleft lip/palate patients | Advantages of using toothpaste containing propolis and plant oils for gingivitis prevention and oral cavity hygiene in cleft lip/palate patients
Advantages of using toothpaste containing propolis and plant oils for gingivitis prevention and oral cavity hygiene in cleft lip/palate patients
Overview The anti-inflammatory and antibacterial action of preparations used during oral hygiene procedures is particularly important in patients with oral cleft. Few reports have been published assessing the influence of natural products on the state of the oral cavity in patients with oral cleft. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of toothpaste containing Polish propolis and plant oils on oral cavity health in patients with oral cleft treated orthodontically.
A total of 50 patients aged 9–16 years old (20 females, 23 males) were selected and randomly assigned into two groups. Group (A) received toothpaste with Polish propolis, tea tree oil, menthol, and rosemary oil. Group (B) received toothpaste without active ingredients (placebo). A baseline assessment was followed by an oral hygiene index (OHI, debris OHI-D, and calculus OHI-C component) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) after 35 days. The methodology of the oral condition assessment included the presence of cleft malformation as a dysmorphic of the anterior maxilla segment.
It was concluded that in group A, improvement in oral cavity hygiene assessed for incisors and molars was found (OHI-T p = 0.011). For the gingival condition, a decrease in the gingival bleeding index - total (GBI-T p = 0.002), as well as for the incisors (GBI-I p = 0.007) and molars (GBI-M p = 0.017) was found. This research confirms the biological effectiveness of toothpaste with Polish propolis and plant oils. These results may be clinically useful for improving preventative oral care and for control of oral infectious diseases during orthodontic treatment in patients with oral cleft.
Authors Agnieszka Machorowska-Pieniazek, Tadeusz Morawiec, Marcin Olek, Anna Mertas, David Aebisher, Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher, Grzegorz Cie´slar, Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
Journal Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy | 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Studying the Bulging of a Lumbar Intervertebral Disc: A Finite Element Analysis | Studying the Bulging of a Lumbar Intervertebral Disc: A Finite Element Analysis
Studying the Bulging of a Lumbar Intervertebral Disc: A Finite Element Analysis
Overview The nucleus pulposus is a crucial compartment of the intervertebral disc. Low back pain is usually connected to the disc situation, how healthy the disc is, and it is also associated with the nucleus pulposus condition. Besides, the bulging (deformation) at the disc plays a vital role in patients suffering from disc degeneration. Increasing bulging causes to increase shear stresses at the annulus fibrosus and eventually leads to surgical intervention if classical treatments do not alleviate the pain. Therefore, knowing the behaviour of bulging in the intervertebral disc helps to prevent severe damage to the disc and contributes to finding a feasible treatment for damaged discs. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was used to investigate the bulging in the lumbar disc due to changing the nucleus pulposus status. The model resembles the overall anatomic geometry of the human spinal functional unit of the lumbar region, but without the posterior element. The findings showed that bulging direction in the disc agrees with literature data and removing the nucleus pulposus significantly affects the response of the disc
Authors Hassan Mansour Raheema, Mohanad Aljanabi
Journal Procedia Structural Integrity | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Pain Management through Neurocognitive Therapeutic Exercises in Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain | Pain Management through Neurocognitive Therapeutic Exercises in Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Pain Management through Neurocognitive Therapeutic Exercises in Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Overview The hypermobile type of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) is likely the most common hereditary disorder of connective tissue mainly characterized by joint hypermobility. Patients with hEDS suffer joint pain, in particular low back pain, commonly resistant to drug therapy. The aim of this research was to evaluate a neurocognitive rehabilitation approach based not only on the motion and function recovery but also on the pain management. In this nonrandomized clinical trial, eighteen hEDS patients (4 males and 14 females) with mean age 21 years (range 13-55) were recruited and evaluated before and after three months of rehabilitation treatment. The clinical results observed in this study seem to confirm the role of a specific neurocognitive rehabilitation program in the chronic pain management in the Ehlers–Danlos syndrome; the rehabilitation treatment should be tailored on patient problems and focused not only in the recovery of movement but also on pain perception.
Authors Claudia Celletti, Teresa Paolucci , Loredana Maggi, Giordana Volpi, Mariangela Billi, Roberta Mollica,and Filippo Camerota
Journal Hindawi BioMed Research International | 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Applying machine learning on health record data from general practitioners to predict suicidality | Applying machine learning on health record data from general practitioners to predict suicidality
Applying machine learning on health record data from general practitioners to predict suicidality
Overview Suicidal behaviour is difficult to detect in the general practice. Machine learning (ML) algorithms using routinely collected data might support General Practitioners (GPs) in the detection of suicidal behaviour. In this paper, we applied machine learning techniques to support GPs recognizing suicidal behaviour in primary care patients using routinely collected general practice data. Machine learning was applied to predict suicidal behaviour using general practice data. Our results showed that these techniques can be used as a complementary step in the identification and stratification of patients at risk of suicidal behaviour. The results are encouraging and provide a first step to use automated screening directly in clinical practice. Additional data from different social domains, such as employment and education, might improve accuracy.
Authors Kasper van Mens, Elke Elzinga, Mark Nielen, Joran Lokkerbol, Rune Poortvliet, Gé Donker, Marianne Heins, Joke Korevaarc, Michel Dückers, Claire Aussems, Marco Helbich, Bea Tiemens, Renske Gilissen, Aartjan Beekman, Derek de Beurs
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Oral Health Behaviour and Predictors of Oral Health Behaviour Among Patients with Diabetes in the Republic of Mauritius | Oral Health Behaviour and Predictors of Oral Health Behaviour Among Patients with Diabetes in the Republic of Mauritius
Oral Health Behaviour and Predictors of Oral Health Behaviour Among Patients with Diabetes in the Republic of Mauritius
Overview The purpose of this study is to investigate the oral care habits and assess the determinants of oral care behaviour among people with diabetes. The present study draws on data collected from 589 dentate persons with diabetes by means of a close-ended questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the association of different demographic and clinical factors with recommended dental hygiene practices. The results showed that most of the participants brushed at least twice daily (84.2%), never flossed (88.6%), attended dental clinics on need only (87.1%), and did not monitor their blood glucose levels regularly (69.9%). Neither awareness about the increased risk of periodontal disease and xerostomia nor receiving advice from diabetes care providers was found to be associated with good oral hygiene or increased service utilisation. The experience of oral diseases did not encourage recommended oral health practice, with participants without experience with periodontal disease being 3 times more likely to floss In conclusion it was found that there is widespread noncompliance with regular flossing and dental service utilisation. The findings highlight the need for an emphasis on preventive care through the provision of integrated medical and dental interventions to high-risk individuals suffering from both diabetes and chronic periodontitis
Authors Nesha Paurobally, Estie Kruger, Marc Tennant
Journal International Dental Journal
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Tissue Stiffness is Not Related to Pain Experience: An Individually Controlled Study in Patients with Chronic Neck and Back Pain | Tissue Stiffness is Not Related to Pain Experience: An Individually Controlled Study in Patients with Chronic Neck and Back Pain
Tissue Stiffness is Not Related to Pain Experience: An Individually Controlled Study in Patients with Chronic Neck and Back Pain
Overview Massage therapies such as cupping are often applied in patients with chronic neck and back pain with the assumption that they can reduce increased tissue stiffness and, therefore, improve pain. The aim of this study was to clarify whether tissue stiffness is related to pain experience in patients with chronic (>3 months) back and neck pain and whether it can be altered by a cupping massage.
The stiffness of the point of subjectively felt maximum pain intensity of 40 patients with neck (n = 20) or lower back pain (n = 20) was measured by a myometer. Exact contralateral side served as an individual control. Side of higher stiffness was then treated with a cupping massage. 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes as well as 24 hours after treatment, tissue stiffness was measured again. Patients rated their pain on a standardized pain questionnaire (neck pain disability score (NDI) or Oswestry disability index (ODI), respectively) before and 24 hours after treatment. Results. Compared to the contralateral control side, the more painful side did not exhibit an increased stiffness of myofascial tissue before treatment (p = 0.827). The tissue stiffness and the side difference between treated and nontreated control sides decreased significantly after cupping but returned to baseline after 24 hours. NDI and ODI scores significantly decreased 24 hours after cupping
It was found that tissue stiffness might not be related to pain experience in patients with chronic neck and lower back pain.
Authors Ann-Kathrin Lederer, Christian Maly, Tomas Weinert, and Roman Huber Journal Hindawi Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Is there an association between oral health and severity of COVID-19 complications? | Is there an association between oral health and severity of COVID-19 complications?
Is there an association between oral health and severity of COVID-19 complications?
Overview The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in late 2019 and has quickly developed into a global pandemic. Age is one of the highest risk factors for developing severe symptoms of COVID-19, the disease caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2. Thus, individuals over the age of 65 and those living in long-term care facilities are especially vulnerable to morbidity and mortality due to infection with SARS-CoV-2. However, persons with chronic lung disease, moderate to severe asthma, severe obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and liver disease are also at high risk for severe COVID-symptoms.
Most patients with severe complications from COVID-19 have underlying conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. In parallel, there is growing evidence for a link between periodontitis and non-oral systemic diseases. The oral cavity is also a reservoir for respiratory pathogens, and patients with periodontal disease are more likely to develop hospital-acquired pneumonia than healthy individuals. This study therefore hypothesizes that improving oral health could decrease the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and reduce the associated morbidity.
Authors Nathalie Botros, Parvati Iyer, David M. Ojcius
Journal Biomedical Journal | 3 | | R375.00 | |
| | Impact of the Brush Day & Night Programme on Well-Being, Plaque, and Dental Caries in Children | Impact of the Brush Day & Night Programme on Well-Being, Plaque, and Dental Caries in Children
Impact of the Brush Day & Night Programme on Well-Being, Plaque, and Dental Caries in Children
Overview Poor oral hygiene can have an adverse effect on quality of life. School-based interventions can establish positive behaviours that reduce the likelihood of dental caries later in life. The Brush Day & Night programme aims to encourage good oral health behaviour and improve oral health and quality-of-life outcomes. In this article, it is reported that the effect of the programme on well-being and oral hygiene measured by plaque levels at 3, 8, and 24 weeks and dental caries at 24 weeks after programme start date. This was a superiority cluster randomised trial of children 6-12 years of age from Indonesia. All children were provided with toothpaste and a toothbrush. Children in the intervention group received the 21-day Brush Day & Night programme, whereas those in the control group did not. Children completed a questionnaire addressing the objectives at all time points. Their oral hygiene was assessed using the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S). Additionally, at baseline and 24 weeks their caries status was recorded using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. The result was that in Indonesia, after participation in the programme children demonstrated a 45% increased probability of no worsening in the occurrence of decayed, missing, or filled teeth. In Nigeria, children had a 71% higher probability of having confidence in their smile and the proportion of children with good oral hygiene doubled from 40% to 80% at 24 weeks. It was concluded that the Brush Day & Night programme was successful in improving well-being and oral hygiene in children in Nigeria and reduced the likelihood of worsening in the occurrence of decayed, missing, or filled teeth in children in Indonesia Authors Paulo Melo, Charlotte Fine, Sinead Malone, Sean Taylor Journal International Dental Journal | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Differences in Nonspecific Low Back Pain Between Young Adult Females with and without Lumbar Scoliosis | Differences in Nonspecific Low Back Pain Between Young Adult Females with and without Lumbar Scoliosis
Differences in Nonspecific Low Back Pain Between Young Adult Females with and without Lumbar Scoliosis
Overview There is no consensus as to whether NSLBP in scoliosis patients is related to scoliosis per se or is just a normal symptom that could happen in anyone. The aim of this study was to compare the differences in NSLBP between young adult female patients with and without lumbar scoliosis and to provide a theoretical basis for differential treatment of NSLBP in patients with and without lumbar scoliosis.
Ninety female young adults with NSLBP were divided into scoliosis and non-scoliosis groups. Characteristics of pain, lumbar mobility, muscle strength, Cobb angle, axial trunk rotation (ATR) angle, and surface electromyography (SEMG) signal were compared between the two groups. After the various results, it was concluded that the characteristics of NSLBP experienced by patients with lumbar scoliosis were distinct from those of NSLBP experienced by non-scoliotic patients. The treatment of NSLBP in scoliotic patients should be different from that in non-scoliotic patients.
Authors WangshuYuan1 JianxiongShen2 LixiaChen1 HaiWang2 Keyi Yu2 HuiCong1 Jingya Zhou3 and Youxi Lin2
Journal Hindawi Pain Research and Management
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| | Comparison of Treatments for Frozen Shoulder | Comparison of Treatments for Frozen Shoulder
Comparison of Treatments for Frozen Shoulder
Overview There is a myriad of available treatment options for patients with frozen shoulder, which can be overwhelming to the treating health care professional. To assess and compare the effectiveness of available treatment options for frozen shoulder to guide musculoskeletal practitioners and inform guidelines, DATA SOURCES Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, and CINHAL were searched in February 2020. Pain and function were the primary outcomes, and external rotation range of movement (ER ROM) was the secondary outcome. Results of pairwise metanalyses were presented as mean differences (MDs) for pain and ER ROM and standardized mean differences (SMDs) for function. Length of follow-up was divided into short-term (12 weeks), mid-term (>12 weeks to 12 months), and long-term (>12 months) follow-up.
From a total of 65 eligible studies with 4097 participants that were included in the systematic review, 34 studies with 2402 participants were included in pairwise meta-analyses and 39 studies with 2736 participants in network meta-analyses. Despite several statistically significant results in pairwise meta-analyses, only the administration of intra-articular (IA) corticosteroid was associated with statistical and clinical superiority compared with other interventions in the short term for pain (vs no treatment or placebo. The findings of this study suggest that the early use of IA corticosteroid in patients with frozen shoulder of less than 1-year duration is associated with better outcomes. This treatment should be accompanied by a home exercise program to maximize the chance of recovery
Authors Dimitris Challoumas, MD; Mairiosa Biddle, MD; Michael McLean, MD; Neal L. Millar, MD, PhD
Journal JAMA Network Open. | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Imagined and Actual Acupuncture Effects on Chronic Low Back Pain: A Preliminary Study | Imagined and Actual Acupuncture Effects on Chronic Low Back Pain: A Preliminary Study
Imagined and Actual Acupuncture Effects on Chronic Low Back Pain: A Preliminary Study
Overview
Research suggests that imagined experiences can produce brain responses similar to those produced by actual experiences. Shared brain responses that support both imagination and perception may underlie the functional nature of mental imagery. In a previous study, acupuncture and imagery were combined to develop a new treatment method, video-guided acupuncture imagery treatment (VGAIT). We found that VGAIT significantly increased pain thresholds in healthy subjects. The aim of this study is to extend our previous finding by investigating whether VGAIT can relieve symptoms in patients with chronic low back pain. The study showed the results of all three treatments (VGAIT, real, and sham acupuncture) significantly reduced pain severity as measured by a low back pain bothersomeness score. VGAIT produced similar effects to real acupuncture (p = 0:97) and non-significantly greater pain bothersomeness relief compared to sham acupuncture (p = 0:14). Additional analysis showed that there was no significant difference on the sensations evoked by different treatment modalities. In conclusion these findings support VGAIT as a promising method for pain management.
Authors Jin Cao, Scott P. Orr, Georgia Wilson, and Jian Kong
Journal Hindawi Neural Plasticity
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| | Intra-Articular versus Subacromial Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review | Intra-Articular versus Subacromial Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Intra-Articular versus Subacromial Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Overview
Adhesive capsulitis is one of the most well-known causes of pain and stiffness of the shoulder. Corticosteroid injections have been used for many years. However, it is still controversial where corticosteroid should be injected, whether subacromial or intra-articular.
The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the effects of intra-articular (IA) and subacromial (SA) corticosteroid injections for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and PEDro score were used to evaluate the quality of the studies. The primary clinical outcomes including VAS, Constant score, ASES score, and ROM were collected. The secondary outcome of corticosteroid-related adverse reactions was also compared between the two groups. The results were evaluated and compared at five time points. All studies were of low risk of bias and medium-high quality with the PEDro score =5 points. It was concluded that when corticosteroid injection is used to treat adhesive capsulitis, both injection sites can be selected.
Authors Xiaoke Shang, Zhong Zhang, Xuelin Pan, Jian Li and Qi Li
Journal Hindawi Biomedical Research International | 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Incidence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Marathon Runners | Incidence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Marathon Runners
Incidence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Marathon Runners
Overview The occurrence of low back pain (LBP) in marathon runners has been poorly understood. This study aimed to describe the risk factors and identify whether these factors can cause LBP in these athletes by using a self-developed questionnaire which was randomly distributed to 850 runners of running a half or a full marathon. Participants responded with the questionnaire focusing on previous training and running conditions after their competitions. In the final models, risk factors, including warm-up activities, fatigue, running gait posture, and environmental temperature, were significantly associated with LBP in marathoners. It was concluded that although LBP was uncommon in marathoners, it was linked to the factors such as insufficient warm-up activities, fatigue, poor running gait posture, and uncomfortable environmental temperature. Although future studies may be necessary these findings could still be useful for protecting the lower back area of runners clinically. Authors Bao Wu, 1,2 Chang-Cheng Chen , 2 Juan Wang , 2 and Xue-Qiang Wang Journal Hindawi Pain Research and Management Volume 2021, Article ID 666030 | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Ischemic Stroke Part 2 | Ischemic Stroke Part 2
Overview
Ischemic stroke is characterized by the sudden loss of blood circulation to an area of the brain, resulting in a corresponding loss of neurologic function. Acute ischemic stroke is caused by thrombotic or embolic occlusion of a cerebral artery and is more common than haemorrhagic stroke.
We should consider stroke in any patient presenting with acute neurologic deficit or any alteration in level of consciousness. Although symptoms can occur alone, they are more likely to occur in combination. No historical feature distinguishes ischemic from haemorrhagic stroke, although nausea, vomiting, headache, and sudden change in level of consciousness are more common in haemorrhagic strokes. In younger patients, a history of recent trauma, coagulopathies, illicit drug use (especially cocaine), migraines, or use of oral contraceptives should be elicited.
Emergent brain imaging is essential for evaluation of acute ischemic stroke. Noncontrast computed tomography (CT) scanning is the most commonly used form of neuroimaging in the acute evaluation of patients with apparent acute stroke.
Involvement of a physician with a special interest and training in stroke is ideal. Stroke care units with specially trained nursing and allied healthcare personnel have clearly been shown to improve outcomes.
Author Sharespike
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Ischemic Stroke Part 1 | Ischemic Stroke Part 1
Overview
Ischemic stroke is characterized by the sudden loss of blood circulation to an area of the brain, resulting in a corresponding loss of neurologic function. Acute ischemic stroke is caused by thrombotic or embolic occlusion of a cerebral artery and is more common than haemorrhagic stroke.
We should consider stroke in any patient presenting with acute neurologic deficit or any alteration in level of consciousness. Although symptoms can occur alone, they are more likely to occur in combination. No historical feature distinguishes ischemic from haemorrhagic stroke, although nausea, vomiting, headache, and sudden change in level of consciousness are more common in haemorrhagic strokes. In younger patients, a history of recent trauma, coagulopathies, illicit drug use (especially cocaine), migraines, or use of oral contraceptives should be elicited.
Emergent brain imaging is essential for evaluation of acute ischemic stroke. Noncontrast computed tomography (CT) scanning is the most commonly used form of neuroimaging in the acute evaluation of patients with apparent acute stroke.
Involvement of a physician with a special interest and training in stroke is ideal. Stroke care units with specially trained nursing and allied healthcare personnel have clearly been shown to improve outcomes.
Author Sharespike
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Vertigo, DIzziness and Imbalance | Vertigo, DIzziness and Imbalance
Vertigo, DIzziness and Imbalance
Overview
Dizziness and vertigo are among the most common symptoms causing patients to visit a physician (as common as back pain and headaches). Falling can be a direct consequence of dizziness in this population, and the risk is compounded in elderly persons with other neurologic deficits and chronic medical problems.
Mild hearing loss is the most common disability worldwide. The incidence of hearing loss is 25% in people younger than 25 years, and it reaches 40% in persons older than 40 years. About 25% of the population report tinnitus.
Primary care physicians evaluate most cases of dizziness and related symptoms. Their role and that of neurologists in this setting has increased over the past decade. This article outlines the clinical approach to dizziness with emphasis on differentiating peripheral from central dizziness and on office management of the most common diseases. It also addresses indications for referral to an otolaryngologist or neuro-otologist and for specialized auditory and vestibular testing.
To diagnose dizziness, physicians must use the essential tools of history, clinical examination, and follow-up. The etiology in most of these patients mainly involves a vestibular disorder, such as BPPV, Ménière disease, or bilateral vestibular hypofunction. Appropriate management and follow-up are necessary to improve the well-being of these patients.
Authors
Sharespike
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Ventricular Tachycardia Part 2 | Ventricular Tachycardia Part 2
Ventricular Tachycardia Part 2
Overview
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) is responsible for most of the sudden cardiac deaths in the United States, at an estimated rate of approximately 300,000 deaths per year. VT refers to any rhythm faster than 100 (or 120) beats/min, with three or more irregular beats in a row, arising distal to the bundle of His. The rhythm may arise from the working ventricular myocardium, the distal conduction system, or both.
Symptoms of VT are often a function of the associated heart rate, or the causal process, such as an acute myocardial infarction (MI). They may include the following bulleted items. VT may also be asymptomatic, or the symptoms may be those of the associated triggered therapy (eg, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator [ICD] shock).
Clinically, VT may be reflected in symptoms such as syncope, palpitations, and dyspnea. It is often, but not always, associated with hemodynamic compromise, particularly if the left ventricle is impaired or the heart rate is especially fast. With some exceptions, VT is associated with increased risk of sudden death.
Author Sharespike
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| | Ventricular Tachycardia Part 1 | Ventricular Tachycardia Part 1
Ventricular Tachycardia Part 1
Overview
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) is responsible for most of the sudden cardiac deaths in the United States, at an estimated rate of approximately 300,000 deaths per year. VT refers to any rhythm faster than 100 (or 120) beats/min, with three or more irregular beats in a row, arising distal to the bundle of His. The rhythm may arise from the working ventricular myocardium, the distal conduction system, or both.
Symptoms of VT are often a function of the associated heart rate, or the causal process, such as an acute myocardial infarction (MI). They may include the following bulleted items. VT may also be asymptomatic, or the symptoms may be those of the associated triggered therapy (eg, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator [ICD] shock).
Clinically, VT may be reflected in symptoms such as syncope, palpitations, and dyspnea. It is often, but not always, associated with hemodynamic compromise, particularly if the left ventricle is impaired or the heart rate is especially fast. With some exceptions, VT is associated with increased risk of sudden death.
Author Sharespike
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| | The Effects of a Recollection-Based Occupational Therapy Program of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial | The Effects of a Recollection-Based Occupational Therapy Program of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The Effects of a Recollection-Based Occupational Therapy Program of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Overview:
Considering the high socio-economic costs related to the increasing number of dementia patients and their poor quality of life and that of their families, it is important to identify the condition early on and provide an appropriate intervention. This study organized a recollection-based occupational therapy program: a nonpharmacological intervention consisting of five categories of activities (physical, horticultural, musical, art, and instrumental activity of daily living; IADL) and applied it to those having a mild stage of Alzheimer’s disease. The experimental group participated in a total of 24 sessions––five times per week for one hour per session––while the control group took part in regular activities offered by the existing facilities. The experimental group presented improved cognitive functions, reduced depression, and enhanced quality of life; the two groups showed a statistically significant difference in every category. This study is meaningful in that it made a cognitive stimulation program concerning five different categories, implemented it for people suffering mild dementia, and confirmed positive outcomes. If a systemic version of the program is offered in dementia care facilities, it is expected to make a considerable contribution to the care of dementia patients.
Acknowledgements: Authors: DeokJu Kim
Journal: Occupational Therapy International | 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | The eye: ‘‘An organ that must not be forgotten in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic’’ | The eye: ‘‘An organ that must not be forgotten in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic’’
The eye: ‘‘An organ that must not be forgotten in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic’’
Overview The coronavirus family is a group of zoonotic viruses with some recognized reservoirs particularly some bats. A novel coronavirus emerged in the province of Wuhan (China) in December of 2019.The number of infected patients with serious respiratory infection quickly spread around the world to become a global pandemic. The clinical presentation and viral pathogenesis of the coronavirus disease named COVID-19 indicated that the virus is transmitted from person to person through infected droplets entering the respiratory mucosa. Close contact with infected individuals particularly in crowded environments has characterized the rapid spread of the infection. Clinical manifestations of the viral infection have mentioned the presence of some ocular findings such as conjunctival congestion, conjunctivitis and even corneal injury associated with the classical COVID-19 infection. Some animal models of different coronaviruses eye infection shave described the viral pathogenesis through tear and conjunctival sampling. On the other hand, we are recommended protective measure to prevent contagion and limit the spread of the virus in health care professionals and contact lenses wearers.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Authors Sandra C. Durán C, Diana C. Mayorga G Journal Journal of Optometry (2020)
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| | Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): Implications for Clinical Dental Care | Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): Implications for Clinical Dental Care
Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): Implications for Clinical Dental Care
Overview: The recent spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated coronavirus disease has gripped the entire international community and caused widespread public health concerns. Despite global efforts to contain the disease spread, the outbreak is still on a rise because of the community spread pattern of this infection.
This is a zoonotic infection, similar to other coronavirus infections, that is believed to have originated in bats and pangolins and later transmitted to humans. Once in the human body, this coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is abundantly present in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions of affected patients, and its spread is predominantly thought to be respiratory droplet/contact in nature. Dental professionals, including endodontists, may encounter patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and will have to act diligently not only to provide care but at the same time prevent nosocomial spread of infection.
Thus, the aim of this article is to provide a brief overview of the epidemiology, symptoms, and routes of transmission of this novel infection. In addition, specific recommendations for dental practice are suggested for patient screening, infection control strategies, and patient management protocol.
Authors: Amber Ather, BDS, DDS, Biraj Patel, BDS, Nikita B. Ruparel, MS, DDS, PhD, Anibal Diogenes, DDS, MS, PhD, and Kenneth M. Hargreaves, DDS, PhD
Journal: JOE – Journal of Endodontics
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| | Preretinal hemorrhage following chiropractor neck manipulation | Preretinal hemorrhage following chiropractor neck manipulation
Preretinal hemorrhage following chiropractor neck manipulation
Overview The purpose of this study is to report a case of a new complication following complementary and alternative medicine chiropractor neck manipulation with multiple preretinal haemorrhages. A 59-year-old Caucasian female presented with the acute, painless constant appearance of 3 spots in her vision immediately after a chiropractor performed cervical spinal manipulation using the high-velocity, low-amplitude technique. Examination multiple unilateral preretinal haemorrhages with no retinal tears. The preretinal haemorrhages were self-limited and resolved by 2 months later. In conclusion, the Chiropractor neck manipulation has previously been reported leading to complications related to the carotid artery and arterial plaques. This presents the ?rst case of multiple unilateral preretinal haemorrhages immediately following chiropractic neck manipulation. This suggests that chiropractor spinal adjustment cannot only a?ect the carotid artery, but also could lead to preretinal haemorrhages.
Acknowledgement Authors Yannis M. Paulusa and Nicholas Belillb Journal American Journal of Ophthalmology
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| | Locked-In Syndrome Following Cervical Manipulation by a Chiropractor: A Case Report | Locked-In Syndrome Following Cervical Manipulation by a Chiropractor: A Case Report
Locked-In Syndrome Following Cervical Manipulation by a Chiropractor: A Case Report
Overview Vertebrobasilar occlusion poses difficult diagnostic issues and even when properly diagnosed has a poor prognosis. Newer studies highlight a better outcome when thrombectomy was carried out between six and twenty-four hours after an initial diagnosis of stroke. This paper reports a case where a patient suffered a vertebrobasilar stroke secondary to a traumatic bilateral vertebral arteries dissection was treated with late thrombectomy. A 34-year-old woman was manipulated on the cervical spinal column by a chiropractor. Following three weeks of cervical pain, she presented with severe aphasia and quadriplegia (NIHSS = 28). An MRI scan indicated ischemia of the vertebrobasilar system. Thirty-one hours after the onset of these symptoms, a thrombectomy was performed. After one month, the patient could move her head and the proximal part of her limbs but remained confined to bed (NIHSS = 13). In conclusion, the current case illustrates the benefit of late mechanical thrombectomy for a posterior cerebral circulation infarct. Although there was a delay in treatment, partial recovery ensued. Acknowledgments
Authors Guillaume Giordano Orsini, Giorgios-Emmanouil Metaxas, Vincent Legros Journal
The Journal of Critical Care
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| | Wide Complex Tachycardia | Wide Complex Tachycardia
Overview
Correct diagnosis of wide complex tachycardia (WCTs) can be challenging. With EMS providers' ever-expanding scope of practice, it is no longer safe to label any rhythm that is wide and fast as ventricular tachycardia (VT). Though many paramedic curricula do not address advanced cardiac dysrhythmias and treatments, several EMS departments have protocols that require advanced training in 12-lead ECG interpretation and treatment of specific cardiac dysrhythmias. One must possess the proper diagnostic tools and knowledge to decide whether a WCT is VT or SVT with aberrant conduction. EMS providers should be able to differentiate VT and SVT with aberrant conduction with confidence and a high degree of certainty. In order to understand the visual differences between VT and SVT with aberrant conduction, one must first understand the basic pathophysiology behind the two dysrhythmias. The first steps are maintenance of the patient’s airway with assisted breathing if necessary, cardiac monitoring to identify the heart rhythm, monitoring of blood pressure and oximetry, and establishing intravenous access. In the emergency setting, a wide-complex tachycardia always should be considered as ventricular tachycardia unless proven otherwise, as treatment must be initiated immediately to avoid degeneration into ventricular fibrillation.
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| | Unstable Angina | Unstable Angina
Overview
Unstable angina belongs to the spectrum of clinical presentations referred to collectively as acute coronary syndromes (ACSs), which also includes ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STEMI (NSTEMI). Unstable angina is considered to be an ACS in which there is myocardial ischemia without detectable myocardial necrosis (ie, cardiac biomarkers of myocardial necrosis —such as creatine kinase MB isozyme, troponin, myoglobin—are not released into the circulation).
With unstable angina, symptoms may (1) occur at rest; (2) become more frequent, severe, or prolonged than the usual pattern of angina; (3) change from the usual pattern of angina; or (4) not respond to rest or nitro-glycerine. Symptoms of unstable angina are similar to those of myocardial infarction (MI).
The traditional term unstable angina was meant to signify the intermediate state between myocardial infarction (MI) and the more chronic state of stable angina. The old term pre-infarction angina conveys the clinical intent of intervening to attenuate the risk of MI or death. Patients with this condition have also been categorized by presentation, diagnostic test results, or course over time; these categories include new-onset angina, accelerating angina, rest angina, early postinfarct angina, and early post-revascularization angina.
This course deals with the causes and management of unstable angina.
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Severe Distress – COVID 19 | Severe Distress – COVID 19
Severe Distress – COVID 19
Overview Since the emergence of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread across the globe. The clinical spectrum of patients with COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic or mild symptoms to critical disease with a high risk of mortality. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the illness associated with the novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was initially noted during an outbreak of respiratory illness in the population of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province, China. The first cases were seen in November 2019, with COVID-19 quickly spreading throughout the city. The World Health Organization (WHO) was notified of the outbreak on December 31, 2019. The cases continued to spread outside of the area and then across the world. COVID-19 was reported as a global health emergency by the end of January 2020. As the worldwide case numbers increased, the WHO declared on March 11, 2020, that COVID-19 had reached the pandemic stage.
The virus is now known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease it causes is called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic.
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Septic Shock Part 2 | Septic Shock Part 2
Overview
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction due to dysregulated host response to infection, and organ dysfunction is defined as an acute change in total Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score of 2 points or greater secondary to the infection cause. Septic shock occurs in a subset of patients with sepsis and comprises of an underlying circulatory and cellular/metabolic abnormality that is associated with increased mortality.
Patients with sepsis may present in a myriad of ways, and a high index of clinical suspicion is necessary to identify subtle presentations. The hallmarks of sepsis and septic shock are changes that occur at the microvascular and cellular level and may not be clearly manifested in the vital signs or clinical examination.
Patients with sepsis and septic shock require admission to the hospital. Initial treatment includes support of respiratory and circulatory function, supplemental oxygen, mechanical ventilation, and volume infusion.
In the past few decades, the discovery of endogenous mediators of the host response has led to the recognition that the clinical syndrome of sepsis is the result of excessive activation of host defence mechanisms rather than the direct effect of microorganisms. Sepsis and its sequelae represent a continuum of clinical and pathophysiologic severity.
Author Sharespike
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| | Septic Shock Part 1 | Septic Shock Part 1
Overview
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction due to dysregulated host response to infection, and organ dysfunction is defined as an acute change in total Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score of 2 points or greater secondary to the infection cause. Septic shock occurs in a subset of patients with sepsis and comprises of an underlying circulatory and cellular/metabolic abnormality that is associated with increased mortality.
Patients with sepsis may present in a myriad of ways, and a high index of clinical suspicion is necessary to identify subtle presentations. The hallmarks of sepsis and septic shock are changes that occur at the microvascular and cellular level and may not be clearly manifested in the vital signs or clinical examination.
Patients with sepsis and septic shock require admission to the hospital. Initial treatment includes support of respiratory and circulatory function, supplemental oxygen, mechanical ventilation, and volume infusion.
In the past few decades, the discovery of endogenous mediators of the host response has led to the recognition that the clinical syndrome of sepsis is the result of excessive activation of host defence mechanisms rather than the direct effect of microorganisms. Sepsis and its sequelae represent a continuum of clinical and pathophysiologic severity.
Author Sharespike
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| | Respiratory Distress Syndrome | Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Overview
Respiratory distress syndrome, also known as hyaline membrane disease, occurs almost exclusively in premature infants. The incidence and severity of respiratory distress syndrome are related inversely to the gestational age of the new-born infant.
Shortness of breath is a common complaint encountered by the EMS provider. We often hear it as part of a litany of other S/S or as a primary chief complaint. In either case SOB is never to be taken lightly and its causes should always be thoroughly investigated. My desire with this article is to give you some tips on how to streamline your treatment and formulate your thoughts as to how to proceed. In all cases the EMS team is responsible to respond to the needs of the patient. Hypoxia, regardless of the source needs to be vigorously addressed. The lungs need to be opened or cleared as determined by the physical exam. The cause of the SOB needs to be determined and addressed. Education and counselling of parents, caregivers, and families of premature infants must be undertaken as part of discharge planning. These individuals should be advised of the potential problems infants with respiratory distress syndrome may encounter during and after their nursery stay.
Author
Sharespike
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| | Preeclampsia for MD's | Preeclampsia for MD's
Overview
Preeclampsia is a disorder of widespread vascular endothelial malfunction and vasospasm that occurs after 20 weeks' gestation and can present as late as 4-6 weeks post-partum. It is clinically defined by hypertension and proteinuria, with or without pathologic edema.
Preeclampsia is defined as the presence of (1) a systolic blood pressure (SBP) greater than or equal to 140 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg or higher, on two occasions at least 4 hours apart in a previously normotensive patient, OR (2) an SBP greater than or equal to 160 mm Hg or a DBP greater than or equal to 110 mm Hg or higher (In this case, hypertension can be confirmed within minutes to facilitate timely antihypertensive therapy.).
In addition to the blood pressure criteria, proteinuria of greater than or equal to 0.3 grams in a 24-hour urine specimen, a protein (mg/dL)/creatinine (mg/dL) ratio of 0.3 or higher, or a urine dipstick protein of 1+ (if a quantitative measurement is unavailable) is required to diagnose preeclampsia.
Eclampsia is defined as seizures that cannot be attributable to other causes in a woman with preeclampsia. HELLP syndrome (haemolysis, elevated liver enzyme, low platelets) may complicate severe preeclampsia.
Because the clinical manifestations of preeclampsia can be heterogeneous, diagnosing preeclampsia may not be straightforward. Preeclampsia without severe features may be asymptomatic. Many cases are detected through routine prenatal screening.
Authors
Sharespike
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Phlebotomists Part 2 | Medical Laboratory Phlebotomists Part 2
Medical Laboratory Phlebotomists Part 2
Overview Phlebotomy is the act of drawing or removing blood from the circulatory system through a cut (incision) or puncture to obtain a sample for analysis and diagnosis. Phlebotomy is also done as part of the patient's treatment for certain blood disorders. Phlebotomy that is part of treatment (therapeutic phlebotomy) is performed to treat polycythemia vera, a condition that causes an elevated red blood cell volume (haematocrit). Phlebotomy is also prescribed for patients with disorders that increase the amount of iron in their blood to dangerous levels, such as hemochromatosis, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Patients with pulmonary edema may undergo phlebotomy procedures to decrease their total blood volume. This course, Part 2 discusses Urinalysis, Body Fluids, Clinical Immunology, Professional Authority, Society Authorisation, Code of Ethics, Special Culture, Professional Organisations and Professionalism are discussed.
Sharespike
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Phlebotomists Part 1 | Medical Laboratory Phlebotomists Part 1
Medical Laboratory Phlebotomists Part 1
Overview
Phlebotomy is the act of drawing or removing blood from the circulatory system through a cut (incision) or puncture to obtain a sample for analysis and diagnosis. Phlebotomy is also done as part of the patient's treatment for certain blood disorders. Phlebotomy is also used to remove blood from the body during blood donation and for analysis of the substances contained within it. Phlebotomy is performed by a nurse or a technician known as a phlebotomist. Blood is usually taken from a vein on the back of the hand or just below the elbow. Some blood tests, however, may require blood from an artery. Properly performed, phlebotomy does not carry the risk of mortality. It may cause temporary pain and bleeding, but these are usually easily managed. Phlebotomy is a necessary medical procedure and is required for a wide variety of other procedures. This course discusses such procedures in more detail and also Urinalysis and Microbiology as a matter of interest. In part 2 of this course Urinalysis, Body Fluids, Clinical Immunology, Professional Authority, Society Authorisation, Code of Ethics, Special Culture, Professional Organisations and Professionalism are discussed.
Authors Sharespike | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Science Professional Part 2 | Medical Laboratory Science Professional Part 2
Medical Laboratory Science Professional Part 2
Overview
Medical laboratory science professionals, often called medical laboratorians, are vital healthcare detectives, uncovering and providing laboratory information from laboratory analyses that assist physicians in patient diagnosis and treatment, as well as in disease monitoring or prevention (maintenance of health). We use sophisticated biomedical instrumentation and technology, computers, and methods requiring manual dexterity to perform laboratory testing on blood and body fluids. Laboratory testing encompasses such disciplines as clinical chemistry, haematology, immunology, immunohematology, microbiology, and molecular biology. Medical laboratory science professionals generate accurate laboratory data that are needed to aid in detecting cancer, heart attacks, diabetes, infectious mononucleosis, and identification of bacteria or viruses that cause infections, as well as in detecting drugs of abuse. In addition, we monitor testing quality and consult with other members of the healthcare team. Medical laboratory scientists have a more extensive theoretical knowledge base. Therefore, they not only perform laboratory procedures including very sophisticated analyses, but also evaluate/interpret the results, integrate data, problem solve, consult, conduct research, and develop new test methods. Part two of this course discusses Urinalysis, Body Fluids, Clinical Immunology, Professional Authority, Society Authorisation, Code of Ethics, Special Culture, Professional Organisations and Professionalism.
Authors Sharespike | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Science Professional Part 1 | Medical Laboratory Science Professional Part 1
Medical Laboratory Science Professional Part 1
Overview
Medical laboratory science professionals, often called medical laboratorians, are vital healthcare detectives, uncovering and providing laboratory information from laboratory analyses that assist physicians in patient diagnosis and treatment, as well as in disease monitoring or prevention (maintenance of health). We use sophisticated biomedical instrumentation and technology, computers, and methods requiring manual dexterity to perform laboratory testing on blood and body fluids. Laboratory testing encompasses such disciplines as clinical chemistry, haematology, immunology, immunohematology, microbiology, and molecular biology. Medical laboratory science professionals generate accurate laboratory data that are needed to aid in detecting cancer, heart attacks, diabetes, infectious mononucleosis, and identification of bacteria or viruses that cause infections, as well as in detecting drugs of abuse. In addition, we monitor testing quality and consult with other members of the healthcare team. Medical laboratory scientists have a more extensive theoretical knowledge base. Therefore, they not only perform laboratory procedures including very sophisticated analyses, but also evaluate/interpret the results, integrate data, problem solve, consult, conduct research, and develop new test methods. The practice of clinical laboratory science is a profession, regardless of whether it is well-known, or understood by non-healthcare professionals. In part 2 of this course, we discuss Urinalysis, Body Fluids, Clinical Immunology, Professional Authority, Society Authorisation, Code of Ethics, Special Culture, Professional Organisations and Professionalism.
Authors Sharespike
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| | Medical Laboratory Assistant Part 2 | Medical Laboratory Assistant Part 2
Medical Laboratory Assistant Part 2
Overview
Medical lab assistants are responsible for collecting and receiving blood, tissue, and other samples from patients, logging, prepping, performing routine tests, and setting up, cleaning, and sterilizing the lab and its equipment.
While medical laboratory assistants typically work directly in the lab, there are also many other skills and traits that they need to have, other than those that are taught in the diploma program. Medical laboratory assistants receive samples from six main areas of the hospital laboratory: chemistry, blood banking, haematology, coagulation, urinalysis, and microbiology.
The day-to-day duties and responsibilities of a medical lab assistant will vary depending on the type and size of the laboratory and organisation. While medical laboratory assistants typically work directly in the lab, there are also many other skills and traits that they need to have, other than those that are taught in the diploma program.
Part 2 of this course covers urinalysis and body fluids in depth.
Authors
Sharespike
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Assistant Part 1 | Medical Laboratory Assistant Part 1
Medical Laboratory Assistant Part 1
Overview
Medical lab assistants are responsible for collecting and receiving blood, tissue, and other samples from patients, logging, prepping, performing routine tests, and setting up, cleaning, and sterilizing the lab and its equipment.
While medical laboratory assistants typically work directly in the lab, there are also many other skills and traits that they need to have, other than those that are taught in the diploma program. Medical laboratory assistants receive samples from six main areas of the hospital laboratory: chemistry, blood banking, haematology, coagulation, urinalysis and microbiology.
The day-to-day duties and responsibilities of a medical lab assistant will vary depending on the type and size of the laboratory and organisation. While medical laboratory assistants typically work directly in the lab, there are also many other skills and traits that they need to have, other than those that are taught in the diploma program.
Part 1 of this course covers the main aspects being, chemistry, blood banking, urinalysis, haematology and coagulation and microbiology.
Authors
Sharespike
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Psychometric properties of the Care Dependency Scale in stroke survivors in Indonesian hospitals | Psychometric properties of the Care Dependency Scale in stroke survivors in Indonesian hospitals
Psychometric properties of the Care Dependency Scale in stroke survivors in Indonesian hospitals
Overview: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the Care Dependency Scale (CDS) among stroke survivors.
The study was undertaken in four hospitals. We analysed datasets obtained from 109 stroke survivors on inpatient wards and in outpatient clinics, who were rated by nurses to determine the CDS reliability coefficients. The Cronbach’s a and Cohen’s kappa coefficients were applied. Concurrent validity was conducted for the data on care dependency, which were collected from 49 of these 109 participants on inpatient wards by nurses using the CDS and the Barthel Index. A Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was conducted to measure the association between the CDS and the Barthel Index results.
In conclusion, an analysis of the results of the CDS tested on the inpatient ward and in the out-patient clinic revealed a high level of internal consistency. A significant, moderate correlation was observed between the CDS and Barthel Index results. The CDS can be recommended for use as a tool for the assessment and evaluation of stroke survivors who are receiving acute or long-term care.
Authors: Nursiswati Nursiswati, Ruud J.G. Halfens, Christa Lohrmann Journal: International Journal of Nursing Sciences | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Development and psychometric evaluation of nurses and midwives’ perceptions of their roles in primary healthcare | Development and psychometric evaluation of nurses and midwives’ perceptions of their roles in primary healthcare
Development and psychometric evaluation of nurses and midwives’ perceptions of their roles in primary healthcare
Overview: This study aimed to develop Nurses and Midwives’ Perceptions of their Roles in Primary Healthcare (NMPR-PHC) and evaluate its psychometric properties.
A cross-sectional survey was performed to recruit a convenient sample of 150 registered nurses and midwives from various primary healthcare settings in Jordan. Reliability was evaluated by examining the internal consistency and split-half reliability of the item. An exploratory factor analysis was performed to assess the factor structure of the NMPR-PHC.
The overall performance of the questionnaire showed promising sound psychometric properties. The NMPR-PHC can be recommended for use as a tool for the assessment of nurses and midwives’ perceptions of their roles in primary healthcare.
Authors: Tariq N. Al-Dwaikat, Wafa'a Ta'an, Mohammad Alrawashdeh, Nesrin Abu Baker, Nahla M. Al Ali
Journal: International Journal of Nursing Sciences
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Dyspnea: Pathophysiology and a clinical approach - EMT | Dyspnea: Pathophysiology and a clinical approach - EMT
Dyspnea: Pathophysiology and a clinical approach - EMT
Overview
Dyspnea is defined as a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity and may either be acute or chronic. This is a common and often distressing symptom reported by patients, and accounts for nearly half of hospital admissions.
The distinct sensations often reported by patients include effort/work of breathing, chest tightness, and air hunger (a feeling of not enough air on inspiration). Dyspnea should be assessed by the intensity of these sensations, the degree of distress involved, and its burden or impact on instrumental activities.
Dyspnea is a common and often distressing symptom and a frequent reason for general practitioner and clinic visits. Dyspnea is symptom, and its experience is subjective and varies greatly among individuals exposed to the same stimuli or with similar pathologies. This differential experience of Dyspnea among individuals emanates from interactions among multiple physiological, psychological, social, and environmental factors that induce secondary physiological and behavioural responses. The management of Dyspnea will depend on the underlying cause.
Author
Sharespike | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Emphysema, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Asthma | Emphysema, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Asthma
Emphysema, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Asthma
Overview Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are airflow-limited states contained within the disease state known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Just as asthma is no longer grouped with COPD, the current definition of COPD put forth by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) also no longer distinguishes between emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Emphysema is pathologically defined as an abnormal permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by the destruction of alveolar walls and without obvious fibrosis. This process leads to reduced gas exchange, changes in airway dynamics that impair expiratory airflow, and progressive air trapping. Clinically, the term emphysema is used interchangeably with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD.
The theory surrounding this definition has been around since the 1950s, with a key concept of irreversibility and/or permanent acinar damage. However, new data posit that increased collagen deposition leads to active fibrosis, which inevitably is associated with breakdown of the lung’s elastic framework.
Discussions on how obstructive diseases share similar phenotypes have been emerging and evolving within the literature. This course provides a particularly good outline.
Author Sharespike
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Hypertension Part 1 | Hypertension Part 1
Overview
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. For patients who are symptomatic, however, uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure are true medical emergencies that require rapid intervention in the ED. It is therefore important to understand the disease of chronic hypertension and, perhaps more important, episodes of acute and uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure so that we, as prehospital care providers, can better stratify these patients into low- and high-risk groups that may or may not require transport to an ED for evaluation and treatment.
As we will discuss, it is reasonable to say that not every patient who presents with hypertension is at high risk of morbidity and mortality and absolutely requires evaluation and treatment at an ED. This is not to say EMTs and paramedics should talk patients out of going to EDs for evaluation. Rather, we will strive to give prehospital care providers a better understanding of the risks involved with acute hypertension so they can better work with their patients to find a solution that is safe, reasonable and responsible for everyone involved. This article discusses the topic of acute hypertension, hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergencies in an effort to help EMS providers better understand these illnesses and help patients make the best decisions regarding their transport and care.
Authors:
Sharespike
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Technician Part 2 | Medical Laboratory Technician Part 2
Medical Laboratory Technician Part 2
Overview Medical technicians assist with medical diagnoses by performing tests for physicians and hospitals in a laboratory setting. They may test blood, bodily fluids and tissue samples for the presence of bacteria, viruses or diseases and provide the results to doctors. They also may specialize in working in a hospital department where they assist physicians and patients in surgery or other medical procedures. Medical technicians often work under the supervision and guidance of a medical technologist. Within each hospital or doctor’s office, training will involve the facility’s specific practices and guidelines for meeting safety and health regulations. A medical technician may receive additional on-the-job training to specialize in certain processes and procedures. As the medical field continuously changes, medical technicians should maintain current knowledge of best practices. They can read medical journals or blogs, complete online courses or attend webinars to continue learning about their field. Part 2 gives a broad outline of the duties and different tests performed by Laboratory Technicians.
Author Sharespike | 3 | | R395.00 | |
| | PRP Injections for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials | PRP Injections for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
PRP Injections for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Overview Blood derivatives are increasingly used to modulate the intraarticular environment, aiming at reducing inflammatory distress and stimulating anabolism in different tissues. In particular, products with an increased concentration of platelets have been developed to address osteoarthritis (OA), based on positive in vitro findings suggesting the potential of platelet-derived growth factors (GFs). Platelet concentrates (platelet-rich plasma [PRP]) are therefore a simple, low-cost, and minimally invasive way to obtain a natural concentration of these GFs and bioactive molecules.
The purpose of these trials was to evaluate effectiveness, in terms of patient-reported outcome measures, of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections for knee osteoarthritis compared to placebo and other intraarticular treatments.
It was conclusive that the effect of platelet concentrates goes beyond its mere placebo effect, and PRP injections provide better results than other injectable options. This benefit increases over time, being not significant at earlier follow-up but becoming clinically significant after 6 to 12 months.
Authors Giuseppe Filardo, Davide Previtali, Francesca Napoli, Christian Candrian, Stefano Zaffagnini, and Alberto Grassi
Journal Sage Journals - Cartilage
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Sleep and the athlete: narrative review and 2021 expert consensus recommendations | Sleep and the athlete: narrative review and 2021 expert consensus recommendations
Sleep and the athlete: narrative review and 2021 expert consensus recommendations
Overview An ever-growing volume of peer-reviewed Publications speaks to the recent and rapid growth in scope and understanding of sleep for optimal athlete health and performance.
Herein, a panel of international experts review the current knowledge on sleep and the athlete, briefly covering the background, exploring continued controversies, highlighting fruitful avenues for future research and providing practical recommendations. The introduction section covers the need for sleep, including sleep architecture and the restorative benefits of sleep for the brain and body.
Pitfalls and challenges measuring athlete sleep are reviewed, and practical recommendations provided. The following section, entitled sleep and the athlete, covers the influence of sleep inadequacy and sleep extension on athletic performance. This article reviews the evidence that elite athletes are particularly susceptible to sleep inadequacy, for example, during intensified training and in those reporting symptoms of over-reaching and overtraining. The final section, entitled strategies to improve sleep, provides practical recommendations to alleviate the symptoms of jet lag, nutritional strategies to enhance sleep and a toolbox for practitioners to manage and optimise athlete sleep.
Authors Neil P Walsh et al.
Journal British Journal Sports Med 2020
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | The effectiveness of routine physiotherapy with and without neuromobilization on pain and functional disability in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome: a randomized control clinical trial | The effectiveness of routine physiotherapy with and without neuromobilization on pain and functional disability in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome: a randomized control clinical trial
The effectiveness of routine physiotherapy with and without neuromobilization on pain and functional disability in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome: a randomized control clinical trial
Overview
The shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) consists of the rotator cuff tendonitis and bursitis of the shoulder1. It shows the inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon inside the anteroinferior junction of the acromion and the greater tuberosity of the humerus. Patients with SIS report severe acute pain which increases during overhead activities as well as sleeping on affected side.
Present study was aimed to discover evidence based conservative and cost-effective remedy on pain and functional disability. The execution of specific components of body movements to generate mechanical incident in the neural system is called NM. Mechanical management may therefore be used to augment physiology in the nervous system5. It has already been observed that there are three theories projected for the local etiological origin of tendon pain: 1-mechanical, 2-vascular and 3- neural.
The objective of the study was to compare the effects of NM techniques and routine physiotherapy on pain and functional disability in patients having SIS. Present study was aimed to discover evidence based conservative and cost-effective remedy on pain and functional disability.
Based on results, it is concluded that addition of NM with routine physiotherapy has greater improvement to reduce pain severity and disability in SIS patients than without NM.
Authors
Akhtar et al.
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Technician: Part 1 | Medical Laboratory Technician: Part 1
Medical Laboratory Technician: Part 1
Overview
Medical technicians assist with medical diagnoses by performing tests for physicians and hospitals in a laboratory setting. They may test blood, bodily fluids and tissue samples for the presence of bacteria, viruses or diseases and provide the results to doctors. They also may specialize in working in a hospital department where they assist physicians and patients in surgery or other medical procedures.
Medical technicians often work under the supervision and guidance of a medical technologist. Within each hospital or doctor’s office, training will involve the facility’s specific practices and guidelines for meeting safety and health regulations. A medical technician may receive additional on-the-job training to specialize in certain processes and procedures.
As the medical field continuously changes, medical technicians should maintain current knowledge of best practices. They can read medical journals or blogs, complete online courses or attend webinars to continue learning about their field.
This course (Part 1) gives a broad outline of the duties and different tests performed by Laboratory Technicians.
Author Sharespike | 3 | | R395.00 | |
| | Burn Resuscitation and Early Management | Burn Resuscitation and Early Management
Burn Resuscitation and Early Management
Overview Burn resuscitation refers to the replacement of fluids in burn patients to combat the hypovolemia and hypoperfusion that can result from the body’s systemic response to burn injury. The history of modern burn resuscitation can be traced back to observations made after large urban fires at the Rialto Theatre (New Haven, Conn) in 1921 and the Coconut Grove nightclub (Boston, Mass) in 1942. At the time, physicians noted that some patients with large burns survived the event but died from shock in the observation periods. Underhill and Moore identified the concept of thermal injury–induced intravascular fluid deficits in the 1930s and 1940s, and Evans soon followed with the earliest fluid resuscitation formulas in 1952. Up to that point, burns covering as little as 10-20% of total body surface area (TBSA) were associated with high rates of mortality.
Burns are a serious cause of human suffering and mortality globally. As many as 5% of burn victims will die as a result of their injuries, and many others will suffer disability, disfigurement, or scarring. This course addresses vital information regarding burn resuscitation and the early management thereof.
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Convulsions and Seizures | Convulsions and Seizures
Overview
Emergency services attend patients who are having a seizure on almost a daily basis. Consequently, they should understand the disease processes related to seizures and be confident in their prehospital management. In general, with the exception of a patient in Status Epilepticus, seizure management should be relatively straight forward.
So, what is a seizure and what causes it? Basically, a seizure is any unusually excessive neuronal firing from the brain which manifests as changes in a patient’s motor/sensory control, sensory perception, behaviour and autonomic function.
At a chemical level a seizure occurs when there is a sudden biochemical imbalance between the excitatory neurotransmitters and inhibitory neurotransmitters. The primary excitatory neurotransmitter found in the human central nervous system is called N-Methyl D Aspartate (NMDA); whereas the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter is called gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). When there is an imbalance between these chemical mediators repeated firing and excitations of the neuronal cells occur.
Depending on the area of the brain in which this occurs, the seizure will manifest as a focal seizure, sensory change, behaviour disturbance, or complete tonic and clonic muscular activity. This course addresses important aspects relating to convulsions and seizures
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Bradycardia | Bradycardia
Overview Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate prehospital care, but to date all treatment guidelines have been based on an in-hospital treatment. At EMS World Expo Peter Taillac, MD, detailed the process of an expert panel to research and publish an evidence-based guideline (EBG) for the recognition and treatment of anaphylaxis. The expert panel attempted to answer a series of questions about anaphylaxis assessment and treatment through literature research and review. The guideline is intended to serve as the scientific basis for future EMS anaphylaxis protocols.
Good evidence suggests that physicians under-prescribe epinephrine and that patients (or their parents) fail to use epinephrine as quickly as possible. Accordingly, at discharge, all patients should be provided an epinephrine autoinjector and should receive proper instruction on how to self-administer it in case of a subsequent episode.
| 3 | | R120.00 | |
| | Bradycardia | Bradycardia
Overview Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate prehospital care, but to date all treatment guidelines have been based on an in-hospital treatment. At EMS World Expo Peter Taillac, MD, detailed the process of an expert panel to research and publish an evidence-based guideline (EBG) for the recognition and treatment of anaphylaxis. The expert panel attempted to answer a series of questions about anaphylaxis assessment and treatment through literature research and review. The guideline is intended to serve as the scientific basis for future EMS anaphylaxis protocols.
Good evidence suggests that physicians under-prescribe epinephrine and that patients (or their parents) fail to use epinephrine as quickly as possible. Accordingly, at discharge, all patients should be provided an epinephrine autoinjector and should receive proper instruction on how to self-administer it in case of a subsequent episode.
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Anaphylactic Reaction Protocol | Anaphylactic Reaction Protocol
Anaphylactic Reaction Protocol
Overview Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate prehospital care, but to date all treatment guidelines have been based on an in-hospital treatment. At EMS World Expo Peter Taillac, MD, detailed the process of an expert panel to research and publish an evidence-based guideline (EBG) for the recognition and treatment of anaphylaxis. The expert panel attempted to answer a series of questions about anaphylaxis assessment and treatment through literature research and review. The guideline is intended to serve as the scientific basis for future EMS anaphylaxis protocols.
Good evidence suggests that physicians under-prescribe epinephrine and that patients (or their parents) fail to use epinephrine as quickly as possible. Accordingly, at discharge, all patients should be provided an epinephrine autoinjector and should receive proper instruction on how to self-administer it in case of a subsequent episode.
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Improvement of activity-related knee joint discomfort following supplementation of specific collagen peptides. | Improvement of activity-related knee joint discomfort following supplementation of specific collagen peptides.
Improvement of activity-related knee joint discomfort following supplementation of specific collagen peptides.
Overview The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of specific collagen peptides in reducing pain in athletes with functional knee problems during sport. The primary outcome of the study was in change in pain intensity during activity, which was evaluated by the participants and the attending physicians using a visual analogue scale. As secondary endpoints, pain intensity under resting conditions, the range of motion of the knee joint, and the use of additional therapeutic options were assessed. Due to the high joint mobility at baseline, no significant changes of this parameter could be detected. The use of additional treatment options was significantly reduced after BCP intake. The study demonstrated that the supplementation of specific collagen peptides in young adults with functional knee problems led to a statistically significant improvement of activity related joint pain.
Authors: Denise Zdzieblik, Steffen Oesser, Albert Gollhofer and Daniel König
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Singing in different rooms: Common or individual adaptation patterns to the acoustic conditions? | Singing in different rooms: Common or individual adaptation patterns to the acoustic conditions?
Singing in different rooms: Common or individual adaptation patterns to the acoustic conditions?
Overview:
A classical singing performance occurring in different rooms is likely to vary for different reasons. This study investigates to which extent this variation is due to different acoustic conditions. To analyse the performance of four singers rendering four musical pieces in eight different rooms, room acoustical parameters were used to predict musical performance features extracted from recordings based on linear mixed-effects models.
Considering the common behaviour of all singers, only a small proportion of the variance in performance can be explained. Instead, rather individual patterns indicate that each singer developed a specific strategy of adaptation to the varying acoustic environment.
Authors:
Paul Luizard, Jochen Steffens, and Stefan Weinzierl
Article:
Citation: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 147, EL132 (2020); doi: 10.1121/10.0000715
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | The Effect of Hearing Aid Use on Cognition in Older Adults: Can We Delay Decline or Even Improve Cognitive Function? | The Effect of Hearing Aid Use on Cognition in Older Adults: Can We Delay Decline or Even Improve Cognitive Function?
The Effect of Hearing Aid Use on Cognition in Older Adults: Can We Delay Decline or Even Improve Cognitive Function?
Overview: Hearing loss is a modifiable risk factor for dementia in older adults. Whether hearing aid use can delay the onset of cognitive decline is unknown. Participants in this study (aged 62–82 years) were assessed before and 18 months after hearing aid fitting on hearing, cognitive function, speech perception, quality of life, physical activity, loneliness, isolation, mood, and medical health.
At baseline, multiple linear regression showed hearing loss and age predicted significantly poorer executive function performance, while tertiary education predicted significantly higher executive function and visual learning performance. At 18 months after hearing aid fitting, speech perception in quiet, self-reported listening disability and quality of life had significantly improved. Group mean scores across the cognitive test battery showed no significant decline, and executive function significantly improved.
Authors: Julia Sarant, David Harris, Peter Busby, Paul Maru, Adrian Schembri, Ulrike Lemke and Stefan Launer
Article: J. Clin. Med. 2020
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Catastrophe in Radiology: Considerations Beyond Common Emergencies | Catastrophe in Radiology: Considerations Beyond Common Emergencies
Catastrophe in Radiology: Considerations Beyond Common Emergencies
Overview Organizations around the world increasingly prepare for the “what ifs” of our environments. Regulating and certifying agencies mandate organizational plans for threat management to include risk factor identification, threat mitigation, prevention (when possible), response to, and recovery from the event. Disasters often occur without warning and have the potential to affect large numbers of people. Those in the radiology environment experience unique effects on them, their equipment, and their ability to provide quality patient care. Lessons can be learned by reviewing events and their impact on imaging departments around the world. Radiology departments need to be actively involved in the disaster planning and the management of disasters when they occur. Common themes emerge regardless of the type of disaster, and these themes should be included in all planning.
Even with an ever-increasing amount of information available and regulations to comply with, radiology departments are still often excluded from a hospital's disaster management plan and drills. Often, it is not until an organization experiences a catastrophic event that the identification of a plan for radiology's role during a disaster comes to mind.
Authors Valerie Aarne Grossman
Journal Journal of Radiology Nursing | 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Achilles Tendinopathy | Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Achilles Tendinopathy
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Achilles Tendinopathy
Overview
Achilles tendinopathy is confirmed by a clinical symptom triad of pain, swelling, and limited function. Achilles tendon injuries are classified by the anatomical area into non-insertional and insertional. The major symptom of non-insertional tendinopathy is pain located 2 to 6 cm proximal to the insertion of the tendon into the calcaneus. Patients suffering from insertional pathology usually present with lesions in the distal portion of the structure, i.e., posterosuperior calcaneal protuberance. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is among the conservative treatments for Achilles tendinopathy. Unfortunately, no optimal application parameters have been determined that would ensure ESWT effectiveness in this condition. +e aim of the paper is to use research reports on ESWT in patients with Achilles tendinopathy to help practising physiotherapists establish the most effective intervention parameters. The two modalities of shock wave therapy used for Achilles tendinopathy are focused shock waves and radial shock waves. The literature contains reports presenting mainly beneficial effects of ESWT in patients with Achilles tendinopathy.
Authors Magdalena Stania, Grzegorz Juras, Daria Chmielewska, Anna Polak, Cezary Kucio, and Piotr Król
Journal BioMed Research International / 2019 / Article | 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Acute Physiological Response of Lumbar Intervertebral Discs to High-load Deadlift Exercise | Acute Physiological Response of Lumbar Intervertebral Discs to High-load Deadlift Exercise
Acute Physiological Response of Lumbar Intervertebral Discs to High-load Deadlift Exercise
Overview
A deadlift is a popular exercise that is frequently incorporated into athletic training programs. This exercise is effective in strengthening the back and lower extremity muscles, but the lumbar spine is subject to mechanical stress such as shear and compression forces during deadlift. The stress is expected to become greater with increasing exercise weight. Therefore, the lumbar region is most susceptible to injury during high-load deadlift. In addition, the repeated lifting of heavy weights has been identified as a risk factor for lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration/herniation. The lumbar intervertebral discs are thought to gradually degenerate through high-load deadlift training. However, to the best of our knowledge, little is known about the acute physiological changes of the lumbar intervertebral discs resulting from high-load deadlift exercise.
This study aimed to evaluate the acute physiological effects of high-load deadlift exercise on the lumbar intervertebral discs using MR diffusion-weighted imaging. Fifteen volunteers (11 men and 4 women;) without lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration performed deadlift exercise.
It was concluded that the movement of water molecules within the lumbar intervertebral discs is suppressed by high-load deadlift exercise, which would be attributed to mechanical stress on the lumbar intervertebral discs during deadlift exercise. In particular, the L5/S1 disc is subjected to greater mechanical stress than the other lumbar intervertebral discs.
Authors Osamu Yanagisawa, Tomoki Oshikawa, Naoto Matsunaga, Gen Adachi and Koji Kaneoka
Journal J-STAGE
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Guideline summary review an evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of low back pain | Guideline summary review an evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of low back pain
Guideline summary review an evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of low back pain
Overview
To improve the knowledge base concerning the diagnosis and treatment of nonspecific low back pain in adult patients, the Low Back Pain Work Group of the North American Spine Society’s (NASS) Evidence-Based Guideline Development Committee developed an evidence-based clinical guideline on this topic. When employing the principles of evidence-based medicine, the clinical literature is extensively searched to answer specific clinical questions about a disease state or medical condition. The evidence with the highest possible levels of evidence obtained from the searches is utilized to answer the specific clinical questions. As a final step, the answers to clinical questions are reformulated as recommendations. Recommendations are then assigned a recommendation grade according to the level of evidence for the best clinical evidence available at the time of answering each question. The intent of the grade of recommendation is to indicate the strength of evidence used by the work group in answering the question asked. Eighty-two clinical questions were addressed in this guideline. Work group members engaged in a two-step screening process to determine article eligibility, including title and abstract screening and evidentiary review. The total number of articles retrieved, eligible for critical appraisal, 1000 D.S. Kreiner et al. / The Spine Journal 20 (2020) 998-1024 and meeting inclusion criteria for each individual clinical question can be accessed in the technical report. A total of 119 recommendations and two work group consensus statements were issued.
Authors D Scott Kreiner et al
Journal Spine J 2020 Jul;20(7):998-1024.
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Neuromuscular Function of the Knee Joint Following Knee Injuries: Does It Ever Get Back to Normal? A Systematic Review with Meta Analyses | Neuromuscular Function of the Knee Joint Following Knee Injuries: Does It Ever Get Back to Normal? A Systematic Review with Meta Analyses
Neuromuscular Function of the Knee Joint Following Knee Injuries: Does It Ever Get Back to Normal? A Systematic Review with Meta Analyses
Overview
Knee injury is an independent risk factor for the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in young adults. The prevalence of post-traumatic OA (PTOA) can be as high as 80% at 10+years after the initial injury, with 4–6 times higher odds compared to a non-injured knee. PTOA mainly affects a younger and more active population when compared to non-traumatic OA, resulting in longer years lived with disability [5], and surgical interventions 7–9 years earlier in life. Therefore, prevention strategies for PTOA development require particular attention.
There is also evidence of bilateral neuromuscular changes following unilateral knee injury, suggesting a requirement for healthy control groups instead of using the contralateral ‘healthy leg’ for an unbiased evaluation of post-traumatic neuromuscular alterations. Therefore, this study aimed to determine how neuromuscular function of the knee joint changes over time following knee injuries involving ligament, meniscus or cartilage compared to healthy controls.
Neuromuscular deficits persist for years post-injury/surgery, though most evidence is from ACL injured populations. Muscle strength deficits are accompanied by neural alterations and changes in control and timing of muscle force, but more studies are needed to fill the evidence gaps we have identified. Better characterisation and therapeutic strategies addressing these deficits could improve rehabilitation outcomes, and potentially prevent PTOA.
Authors Beyza Tayfur, Chedsada Charuphongsa, Dylan Morrissey, Stuart Charles Miller
Journal
Sports Medicine
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Dentists’ Performance in Dentin-Composite Resin Bonding Before and After Hands-On Course Learning | Dentists’ Performance in Dentin-Composite Resin Bonding Before and After Hands-On Course Learning
Dentists’ Performance in Dentin-Composite Resin Bonding Before and After Hands-On Course Learning
Overview:
The restoration longevity depends on a high dentin-composite bond quality. This study investigated learning outcomes when using etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives among general practitioners in a hands-on bonding test course.
In this study they recruited 30 general practitioners to perform shear bond strength (SBS) tests using five adhesives: one Peakâ Universal Bond (PUB) etch-and-rinse and four Futurabond DC, Single Bond universal (SBU), Versa Optibond (VOB), and Tetric-N Bond Self-Etch (TNS)self-etch adhesives. SBS tests were conducted at pre-demonstration (pre-demo), post-demonstration (post-demo), and 24-h storage (delayed bonding) stages. SBS data were analyzed with paired Student’s t-tests. We defined 17 MPa as “qualified bond strength (QBS)”. The percentages of samples with SBS achieving QBS were analyzed using Mantele Haenszel chi-square tests. The fracture surfaces of the samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
This continuing education hands-on course does help dentists to improve the bond strength especially when the self-etch system is used.
Authors: Yu-Hsin Huang, Yin-Lin Wang, Po-Yen Lin, Yu-Jung Lai, Chun-Wen Cheng, Yu-Chih Chiang
Journal: Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Latex and synthetic rubber glove usage in UK general dental practice: changing trends | Latex and synthetic rubber glove usage in UK general dental practice: changing trends
Latex and synthetic rubber glove usage in UK general dental practice: changing trends
Overview: The aim of this study was to investigate the current frequency of use, and acceptability, of latex and non-latex containing dental gloves and dental dam in general dental practice in the UK by two different sources of data. General dental practitioners in the UK were invited to complete a questionnaire, which focused on the use of gloves and dental dam for their clinical work, while a well-known dental supplier was contacted with regards to their sales of different glove types. The purpose of which was to explore whether practitioners were making choices to avoid latex and therefore allergic reactions in the dental setting.
It was concluded that the majority of GDP's now routinely use non-latex containing gloves and dental dam in their clinical dentistry. Nitrile gloves are predominantly used. Examination gloves are used for straightforward extractions, with many practitioners also using them for minor oral surgery. Sales of latex containing gloves are continuing to decrease.
The clinical significance of this study is that the routine use of latex-containing products in UK dental practice is low and likely to reduce further, with on-going benefit for the dental practitioner, latex allergic patients and prevalence of latex allergy in the general population.
Authors: Emma Critchley, Michael.N. Pemberton Journal: Heliyon. 2020 May; 6(5): e03889. | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Dentist gender-related differences in patients’ oral health behaviour | Dentist gender-related differences in patients’ oral health behaviour
Dentist gender-related differences in patients’ oral health behaviour
Overview: This study aimed at determining whether oral health behaviour differs between patients regularly checked by male and female dentists. The analysis was based on a cross-sectional survey of 354 Japanese community residents (median age = 54 years; 145 men and 209 women) conducted in a municipality from January to February 2017. Data on demographic characteristics and factors associated with oral health behaviour were obtained through self-administered questionnaires. The association between regular dentist gender and patients’ regular dental care check-up and interdental cleaning performance was examined after adjusting for potential confounders.
Patients regularly checked by female dentists tended to have more preventive oral health behaviours than those regularly checked by male dentists. These findings suggest that dentist gender has important clinical implications for patients’ oral health behaviour.
Authors: Kenji Takeuchi, Yuki Noguchi, Yukie Nakai, Toshiyuki Ojima, and Yoshihisa Yamashita Journal: Journal of Oral Science, Vol. 62, No. 1, 32-35, 2020
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | The use of interdental brushes or oral irrigators as adjuvants to conventional oral hygiene associated with recurrence of periodontitis in periodontal maintenance therapy: A 6-year prospective study | The use of interdental brushes or oral irrigators as adjuvants to conventional oral hygiene associated with recurrence of periodontitis in periodontal maintenance therapy: A 6-year prospective study
The use of interdental brushes or oral irrigators as adjuvants to conventional oral hygiene associated with recurrence of periodontitis in periodontal maintenance therapy: A 6-year prospective study
Overview Prospective studies investigating the influence of adjuvants to oral hygiene procedures on the recurrence of periodontitis (RP) during periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT) programs have not been previously reported. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of oral irrigator devices or interdental brushes as adjuncts to toothbrushing associated with dental flossing to improving periodontal condition and reducing RP among individuals under PMT. From a 6-year prospective PMT cohort study (n = 268), 142 individuals who attended at least one PMT visit within 12 months were determined to be eligible. According to oral hygiene adjuvants use, they were categorized into three groups: 1) manual brushing/dental flossing + interdental brushes (BDF + Ib; n = 44); 2) manual brushing/dental flossing + oral irrigator (BDF + Oi; n = 36); and 3) only manual brushing/dental flossing (BDF; n = 62). Full-mouth periodontal examination and oral hygiene habits were evaluated at two time points: T1 (after active periodontal therapy) and T2 (6 years). Including these adjuvants to conventional oral hygiene have shown to improve biofilm control during PMT leading to a better periodontal status maintenance.
Authors Fernando Oliveira Costa, Amanda Almeida Costa, Luís Otávio Miranda Cota
Journal J Periodontol.
| 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | The effect of using a mobile application (“WhiteTeeth”) on improving oral hygiene: A randomized controlled trial | The effect of using a mobile application (“WhiteTeeth”) on improving oral hygiene: A randomized controlled trial
The effect of using a mobile application (“WhiteTeeth”) on improving oral hygiene: A randomized controlled trial
Overview:
The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of the “WhiteTeeth” mobile app, a theory based mobile health (mHealth) program for promoting oral hygiene in adolescent orthodontic patients. Failure to practise good oral hygiene results in prolonged accumulation of biofilm (dental plaque), which potentially increases levels of cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans. These produce acids that cause enamel demineralization. As a result, many patients with fixed appliances have dental caries, specifically white-spot lesions, which can lead to aesthetic problems that potentially cancel out the beneficial effect of the orthodontic treatment. The results show that adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances can be helped to improve their oral hygiene when usual care is combined with a mobile app that provides oral health education and automatic coaching.
Authors: Janneke F. M. Scheerman | Berno van Meijel | Pepijn van Empelen | Gijsbert H. W. Verrips | Cor van Loveren | Jos W. R. Twisk | Amir H. Pakpour | Matheus C. T. van den Braak | Gem J. C. Kramer
Journal: International Journal of Dental Hygiene
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Differential visual acuity: A new approach to measuring visual acuity. | Differential visual acuity: A new approach to measuring visual acuity.
Differential visual acuity: A new approach to measuring visual acuity.
Overview A novel type of acuity measurement, which we refer to as ‘differential acuity’, requires the observer to identify one unique target among three others which are identical. This is a proof of concept study aimed to determine if differential acuity is equivalent to standard measures of recognition acuity. To create a range of visual acuity, vision was optically blurred in sixteen adults with normal visual acuity. Visual acuity was then measured with the differential acuity targets in both crowded and uncrowded format and compared with standard ETDRS acuity or with singly presented letters and uncrowded letters were analysed separately. From this proof-of-concept study it was concluded that differential acuity gives similar results to the ETDRS chart in adults. It is inferred that the comparable but cognitively simpler differential visual acuity task could be applied in clinical settings for young children or patients with developmental delay who cannot respond by naming or matching.
Authors Susan J. Leat, Cristina Yakobchuk-Stanger, Elizabeth L. Irving
Journal Journal of Optometry (2020) 13, 41---49
| 3 | | R405.00 | |
| | COVID-2019 -A comprehensive pathology insight | COVID-2019 -A comprehensive pathology insight
COVID-2019 -A comprehensive pathology insight
Overview Corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS CoV- 2), a highly contagious single stranded RNA virus genetically related to SARS CoV. The lungs are the main organs affected leading to pneumonia and respiratory failure in severe cases that may need mechanical ventilation. Occasionally patient may present with gastro-intestinal, cardiac and neurologic symptoms with or without lung involvement. Pathologically, the lungs show either mild congestion and alveolar exudation or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with hyaline membrane or histopathology of acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP) that parallels disease severity. Other organs like liver and kidneys may be involved secondarily.
Currently the treatment is principally symptomatic and prevention by proper use of personal protective equipment and other measures is crucial to limit the spread. During the pandemic there is paucity of literature on pathological features including pathogenesis, hence in this review we provide the current pathology centred understanding of COVID-19. Furthermore, the pathogenetic pathway is pivotal in the development of therapeutic targets.
Authors Chandrakumar Shanmugam, Abdul Rafi Mohammed, Swarupa Ravuri, Vishwas Luthra, Narasimhamurthy Rajagopal, Saritha Karre
Journal Pathology - Research and Practice 216 (2020) 153222
| 3 | | R440.00 | |
| | Application of tele-podiatry in diabetic foot management: A series of illustrative cases | Application of tele-podiatry in diabetic foot management: A series of illustrative cases
Application of tele-podiatry in diabetic foot management: A series of illustrative cases
Overview Telemedicine had been proposed as a tool to manage diabetes, but its role in management of diabetic foot ulcer is still evolving. The COVID-19 pandemic and related social restrictions have necessitated the use of telemedicine in the management of diabetic foot disease (tele-podiatry), particularly of patients classified as low-risk.
This article is a report of three cases of varied diabetic foot problems assessed during the present pandemic using different forms of telemedicine for triaging, management of low-risk cases and for follow-up. Telemedicine is a good screening tool for diagnosing and managing low-risk subjects with diabetic foot problems and enables a triaging system for deciding on hospital visits and hospitalization.
Telemedicine offers several benefits in the management of diabetic foot disease, although it also has some limitations. Based on the experience during the pandemic it is recommended its judicious use in the triaging of patients of diabetic foot disease and management of low-risk cases. Future innovation in technology and artificial intelligence may help in better tele-podiatry care in the time to come.
Acknowledgements Authors Karakkattu V. Kavitha, Shailesh R. Deshpande, Anil P. Pandit, Ambika G. Unnikrishnan
Journal Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Adolescent knee pain: fracture or normal? A case report. | Adolescent knee pain: fracture or normal? A case report.
Adolescent knee pain: fracture or normal? A case report.
Overview Knee injuries are the second to fourth most common injuries in youth soccer. In this population, sprains/strains, fractures and contusions are most common. Due to variations in the developing skeleton, it can be difficult to rule out fractures. We present a case of a 13-year-old presenting to the emergency department (ED) with patellar pain after pivoting during a soccer game. After radiographic clearance, he was allowed to return to sport. Following another fall and ED visit, his full leg was casted. He presented to a chiropractor after cast removal, who made recommendations for progressive rehabilitation owing to the lack of evidence for fracture on radiographs. We suggest a thorough history, physical and Ottawa knee rules to determine whether We suggest a thorough history, physical and Ottawa knee rules to determine whether radiographs are indicated in the management of a pediatric knee injury. Due to normal skeletal variance, we recommend bilateral radiographs and if findings are ambiguous, consultation with a radiologist to confirm clinical suspicions.
Authors: Melissa Corso and Scott Howitt
Journal: The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association Volume 62 Issue 2 | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Trauma Part 2 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Trauma Part 2
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Trauma Part 2
Overview “Injury is an increasingly significant health problem throughout the world. Every day, 16 000 people die from injuries, and for every person who dies, several thousand more are injured, many of them with permanent sequelae. Injury accounts for 16% of the global burden of disease. The burden of death and disability from injury is especially notable in low- and middle-income countries. By far the greatest part of the total burden of injury, approximately 90%, occurs in such countries” (Mock et al., 2004).
The focus of pre-hospital trauma management remains the rapid access and extrication of patients to allow for the rapid assessment and control of bleeding, the airway and ventilation. There is a renewed focus on the importance of rapid transport as the most important factor for trauma survival remains time to access of definitive care and operative haemostasis.
Bleeding remains one of the most important contributors to traumatic death. The prevention of the trauma triad of death: hypothermia, acidosis and coagulopathy remain an important goal. Haemodilution and the role of pre-hospital fluid management has also received significant attention. Many well-developed trauma systems are moving towards restrictive fluid management regimes, specific haemodynamic targets and the introduction of pre-hospital initiation of blood product administration. The control and prevention of bleeding remains a central focus for pre-hospital providers.
Acknowledgement Journal:
Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018)
Publisher:
Health Professions Council of South Africa | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Pediatric Gastroenteritis | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Pediatric Gastroenteritis
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Pediatric Gastroenteritis
Overview
Infective gastroenteritis in young children is characterised by the sudden onset of diarrhoea, with or without vomiting. Most cases are due to an enteric virus, but some are caused by bacterial or protozoal infections. The illness usually resolves without treatment within days; however, symptoms are unpleasant and affect both the child and family or carers. Severe diarrhoea can quickly cause dehydration, which may be life threatening (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2009).
Oral rehydration therapy is replacement of fluids and electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and chloride necessary for normal physiological functions and is effective in 95% of cases of mild to moderate dehydration. Oral rehydration therapy is less invasive, less expensive, is associated with less morbidity and can be dispensed outside of the hospital setting, while being as effective as IV treatment (Medical Services Commission, 2010).
Acknowledgement
Journal:
Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018)
Publisher:
Health Professions Council of South Africa | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Pain and Procedural Sedation | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Pain and Procedural Sedation
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Pain and Procedural Sedation
Overview “The management of acute traumatic pain is a crucial component of pre-hospital care and yet the assessment and administration of analgesia is highly variable, frequently suboptimal, and often determined by consensus-based protocols” (Gausche-Hill et al., 2014). Pain management is also frequently based on the assessment of need by a provider, rather than the requirements of patients. Historically only Entonox and morphine have been available for pre-hospital pain management in the local setting with the more recent introduction of ketamine. Availability of appropriate and effective treatment options, especially for non-ALS providers, remains a challenge.
Situations requiring procedural sedation and analgesia in the pre-hospital setting are common and may range from alignment of fracture to extrication and complex disentanglement during medical rescue. Until recently South African pre-hospital providers did not have agents suitable for this purpose, particularly in the setting of severe trauma and hypotension. As ketamine has been introduced into some scopes of practice providing safe and effective dissociative procedural analgesia has become a possibility. However, the use of procedural sedation and analgesia is not without risks and, at this time, no uniform practice has been suggested in the South African pre-hospital setting. Acknowledgement Journal:
Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018)
Publisher:
Health Professions Council of South Africa | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynaecology Part 4 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynaecology Part 4
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynaecology Part 4
Overview
There were no evidence-based clinical practice guidelines addressing obstetric issues from a purely pre-hospital emergency services perspective. Despite this, there were many high-quality recommendations from in hospital and other types of health facilities (e.g. midwife run delivery units) which are directly applicable to pre-hospital management of obstetrics. The delivery and birth process will ideally not occur in the pre-hospital environment, but every practitioner needs to be able to manage a delivery and to intervene where necessary within the limits of their scope of practice.
Journal:
Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018)
Publisher:
Health Professions Council of South Africa | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynecology Part 3 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynecology Part 3
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynecology Part 3
Overview
There were no evidence-based clinical practice guidelines addressing obstetric issues from a purely pre-hospital emergency services perspective. Despite this, there were many high-quality recommendations from in hospital and other types of health facilities (e.g. midwife run delivery units) which are directly applicable to pre-hospital management of obstetrics. The delivery and birth process will ideally not occur in the pre-hospital environment, but every practitioner needs to be able to manage a delivery and to intervene where necessary within the limits of their scope of practice.
Journal:
Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018)
Publisher:
Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynaecology Part 2 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynaecology Part 2
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynaecology Part 2
Overview
There were no evidence-based clinical practice guidelines addressing obstetric issues from a purely pre-hospital emergency services perspective. Despite this, there were many high-quality recommendations from in hospital and other types of health facilities (e.g. midwife run delivery units) which are directly applicable to pre-hospital management of obstetrics. The delivery and birth process will ideally not occur in the pre-hospital environment, but every practitioner needs to be able to manage a delivery and to intervene where necessary within the limits of their scope of practice.
Journal:
Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018)
Publisher:
Health Professions Council of South Africa | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynecology Part 1 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynecology Part 1
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynecology Part 1
Overview
There were no evidence-based clinical practice guidelines addressing obstetric issues from a purely pre-hospital emergency services perspective. Despite this, there were many high-quality recommendations from in hospital and other types of health facilities (e.g. midwife run delivery units) which are directly applicable to pre-hospital management of obstetrics. The delivery and birth process will ideally not occur in the pre-hospital environment, but every practitioner needs to be able to manage a delivery and to intervene where necessary within the limits of their scope of practice.
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018)
Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Neonatal Resuscitation | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Neonatal Resuscitation
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Neonatal Resuscitation
Overview
Monitoring equipment for neonates and infants may not be uniformly available to all EMS providers. All ALS providers should have monitoring equipment appropriate for neonates. It is recommended that oximetry be used when resuscitation can be anticipated, when PPV is administered, when central cyanosis persists beyond the first 5 to 10 minutes of life, or when supplementary oxygen is administered.
In summary, from the evidence reviewed in the 2010 CoSTR and subsequent review of delaying cord clamping and cord milking in preterm new-borns in the 2015 ILCOR systematic review, delaying cord clamping for longer than 30 seconds is reasonable for both term and preterm infants who do not require resuscitation at birth. It is recommended that the temperature of newly born non-asphyxiated infants be maintained between 36.5°C and 37.5°C after birth through admission and stabilisation. Targeted temperature management requires specific equipment and well established systems and protocol and system wide clinical governance. In neonates it may also require the establishment of dedicated, specialized and equipped retrieval teams.
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018)
Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Fever and Sepsis | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Fever and Sepsis
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Fever and Sepsis
Overview
Feverish illness in young children usually indicates an underlying infection and is a cause of concern for parents and carers. Despite advances in healthcare, infections remain a leading cause of death in children under the age of 5 years. Fever in young children can be a diagnostic challenge for healthcare professionals because it is often difficult to identify the cause. In most cases, the illness is due to a self-limiting viral infection. However, fever may also be the presenting feature of serious bacterial infections such as meningitis and pneumonia. A significant number of children have no obvious cause of fever despite careful assessment. These children with fever without apparent source are of concern to healthcare professionals because it is especially difficult to distinguish between simple viral illnesses and life-threatening bacterial infections in this group.
Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke) and General Care in Emergencies | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke) and General Care in Emergencies
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke) and General Care in Emergencies
Overview
There is growing evidence that good early stroke management can reduce damage to the brain and minimise the effects of stroke. Because of this early recognition of stroke, the subsequent response of individuals to having a stroke, and the timing and method by which people are transferred to hospital are important to ensure optimal outcomes. In this hyperacute phase of care, the ambulance service provides a central, coordinating role (Australian Government Health and Medical Research Council, 2007). Appropriate diagnosis of stroke and immediate referral to a stroke team is vital given advances in hyperacute treatments (Australian Government Health and Medical Research Council, 2007).
As in all scene responses, EMS personnel must assess and manage the patient’s airway, breathing, and circulation. Most patients with acute ischemic stroke do not require emergency airway management or acute interventions for respiratory and circulatory support (Jauch et al., 2013).
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018)
Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Airway Part 2 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Airway Part 2
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Airway Part 2
Overview
Oxygen is one of the most common medications administered during the care of patients who present with medical emergencies. At present, oxygen appears to be administered for three main indications in the emergency setting, of which only one is evidence-based (British Thoracic Society Emergency Oxygen Guideline Group, 2008).
Firstly, oxygen is given to correct hypoxaemia as there is good evidence that severe hypoxaemia is harmful. Secondly, oxygen is administered to ill patients prophylactically to prevent hypoxaemia. Recent evidence suggests that this practice may place patients at increased risk of the development of hypoxaemia, reactive oxygen species, and absorption atelectasis amongst other adverse effects. Thirdly, a very high proportion of medical oxygen is administered because most clinicians believe that oxygen can alleviate breathlessness; however, there is no evidence that oxygen relieves breathlessness in non-hypoxemic patients (British Thoracic Society Emergency Oxygen Guideline Group, 2008).
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018)
Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Adult Resuscitation Part 3 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Adult Resuscitation Part 3
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Adult Resuscitation Part 3
Overview
The correct and timely identification of cardiac arrest is critical to ensuring (1) the appropriate dispatch of a high-priority response, (2) the provision of telephone CPR instructions, and (3) the activation of community first responders carrying automated external defibrillators (AED) (Travers et al., 2015). Rapid defibrillation is a powerful predictor of successful resuscitation following ventricular fibrillation (VF) sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). (Berg et al., 2010a)
Advanced life support (ALS) is still considered a vital link in the chain of survival for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Despite this the quality of evidence for many ALS interventions remains poor (Callaway et al., 2015) as do the outcomes of patients, particularly those suffering unwitnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were CPR and defibrillation is delayed. As part of the development of these guidelines, the core guideline panel opted to adopt the AHA resuscitation guidelines for advanced cardiac life support. It should therefore be noted that for recommendations not reviewed by the AHA in the 2015 edition, the 2010 recommendation are considered valid.
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018)
Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Adult Resuscitation Part 2 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Adult Resuscitation Part 2
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Adult Resuscitation Part 2
Overview
The correct and timely identification of cardiac arrest is critical to ensuring (1) the appropriate dispatch of a high-priority response, (2) the provision of telephone CPR instructions, and (3) the activation of community first responders carrying automated external defibrillators (AED) (Travers et al., 2015). Rapid defibrillation is a powerful predictor of successful resuscitation following ventricular fibrillation (VF) sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). (Berg et al., 2010a)
Advanced life support (ALS) is still considered a vital link in the chain of survival for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Despite this the quality of evidence for many ALS interventions remains poor (Callaway et al., 2015) as do the outcomes of patients, particularly those suffering unwitnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were CPR and defibrillation is delayed. As part of the development of these guidelines, the core guideline panel opted to adopt the AHA resuscitation guidelines for advanced cardiac life support. It should therefore be noted that for recommendations not reviewed by the AHA in the 2015 edition, the 2010 recommendation are considered valid.
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018)
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Adult Resuscitation Part 1 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Adult Resuscitation Part 1
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Adult Resuscitation Part 1
Overview
The correct and timely identification of cardiac arrest is critical to ensuring (1) the appropriate dispatch of a high-priority response, (2) the provision of telephone CPR instructions, and (3) the activation of community first responders carrying automated external defibrillators (AED) (Travers et al., 2015). Rapid defibrillation is a powerful predictor of successful resuscitation following ventricular fibrillation (VF) sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). (Berg et al., 2010a)
Advanced life support (ALS) is still considered a vital link in the chain of survival for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Despite this the quality of evidence for many ALS interventions remains poor (Callaway et al., 2015) as do the outcomes of patients, particularly those suffering unwitnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were CPR and defibrillation is delayed. As part of the development of these guidelines, the core guideline panel opted to adopt the AHA resuscitation guidelines for advanced cardiac life support. It should therefore be noted that for recommendations not reviewed by the AHA in the 2015 edition, the 2010 recommendation are considered valid.
Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018)
Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Airway Part 1 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Airway Part 1
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Airway Part 1
Overview
Oxygen is one of the most common medications administered during the care of patients who present with medical emergencies. At present, oxygen appears to be administered for three main indications in the emergency setting, of which only one is evidence-based (British Thoracic Society Emergency Oxygen Guideline Group, 2008).
Firstly, oxygen is given to correct hypoxaemia as there is good evidence that severe hypoxaemia is harmful. Secondly, oxygen is administered to ill patients prophylactically to prevent hypoxaemia. Recent evidence suggests that this practice may place patients at increased risk of the development of hypoxaemia, reactive oxygen species, and absorption atelectasis amongst other adverse effects. Thirdly, a very high proportion of medical oxygen is administered because most clinicians believe that oxygen can alleviate breathlessness; however, there is no evidence that oxygen relieves breathlessness in non-hypoxemic patients (British Thoracic Society Emergency Oxygen Guideline Group, 2008).
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018)
Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Acute Coronary Care Syndrome Part 2 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Acute Coronary Care Syndrome Part 2
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Acute Coronary Care Syndrome Part 2
Overview
Chest pain and acute dyspnoea are among the most frequent causes of out-of-hospital emergency medical services (EMS) activation. The challenge of the pre-hospital management of chest pain, beyond rapid diagnosis, is the treatment and transfer of patients with major cardiovascular emergencies to adequate centres (Beygui et al., 2015). The required system infrastructure (i.e. local protocols and pathways of care) needs to be in place for EMS cardiovascular emergency objectives to be met. Not all recommendations below are readily implementable as local infrastructure must still be developed in South Africa. The care of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients in the pre-hospital setting should be based on regional STEMI networks. Such networks include one or more hospitals and EMS organisations which have a shared protocol for the choice of reperfusion strategy, adjunctive therapy and patient transfer in order to provide consistent treatment to patients. Such protocols should be formally discussed between all components of the network and be available in writing (Beygui et al., 2015). Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Respiratory | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Respiratory
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Respiratory
Overview
Asthma is a common condition which produces a significant workload for general practice, hospital outpatient clinics and inpatient admissions. Much of this morbidity relates to poor management (British Thoracic Society, 2014). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of disorders characterised by airway inflammation and airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. COPD should be distinguished from asthma because it is a progressive, disabling disease with increasingly serious complications and exacerbations. The symptoms, signs and physiology of these conditions can overlap with asthma and differentiation can be difficult, particularly in middle-aged smokers presenting with breathlessness and cough. This difficulty is compounded by the fact that most COPD patients exhibit some degree of reversibility with bronchodilators. Patients with severe chronic asthma, chronic bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis may also present with a similar clinical pattern and partially reversible airflow limitation (The Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2002). Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Seizures | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Seizures
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Seizures
Overview
Paediatric and adult seizures are managed in essentially the same way, with the focus on identification, injury prevention, rapid termination and prevention of ongoing seizures; ongoing attention must be paid to reversal of the cause of the seizure. Important differences in children relate to febrile seizures (covered in section 3: Fever & Sepsis) and easily correctable causes such as hypoglycaemia. Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Trauma Part 1 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Trauma Part 1
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Trauma Part 1
Overview
“Injury is an increasingly significant health problem throughout the world. Every day, 16 000 people die from injuries, and for every person who dies, several thousand more are injured, many of them with permanent sequelae. Injury accounts for 16% of the global burden of disease. The burden of death and disability from injury is especially notable in low- and middle-income countries. By far the greatest part of the total burden of injury, approximately 90%, occurs in such countries” (Mock et al., 2004). The focus of pre-hospital trauma management remains the rapid access and extrication of patients to allow for the rapid assessment and control of bleeding, the airway and ventilation. There is a renewed focus on the importance of rapid transport as the most important factor for trauma survival remains time to access of definitive care and operative haemostasis. Bleeding remains one of the most important contributors to traumatic death. The prevention of the trauma triad of death: hypothermia, acidosis and coagulopathy remain an important goal. Haemodilution and the role of pre-hospital fluid management has also received significant attention. Many well-developed trauma systems are moving towards restrictive fluid management regimes, specific haemodynamic targets and the introduction of pre-hospital initiation of blood product administration. The control and prevention of bleeding remains a central focus for pre-hospital providers. Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa Clinical Practice Guidelines: Trauma Part 1 | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Viral Pneumonia Part 3 | Viral Pneumonia Part 3
Overview The reported incidence of viral pneumonia (see the image below) has increased during the past decade. In part, this apparent increase simply reflects improved diagnostic techniques, but an actual increase appears to have also occurred. Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease. This course is divided into 3 parts covering the aspects of Pneumonia leading into the much dreaded COVID 19 The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. Primary influenza pneumonia manifests with persistent symptoms of cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and malaise for more than three to five days. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults.
Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. PIV pneumonia and bronchiolitis are caused primarily by the PIV-3 strain. The signs and symptoms include fever, cough, coryza, dyspnea with rales, and wheezing.
Acknowledgements Authors:
Zab Mosenifar and Richard Brawerman | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Viral Pneumonia Part 2 | Viral Pneumonia Part 2
Overview The reported incidence of viral pneumonia (see the image below) has increased during the past decade. In part, this apparent increase simply reflects improved diagnostic techniques, but an actual increase appears to have also occurred. Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease. This course is divided into 3 parts covering the aspects of Pneumonia leading into the much dreaded COVID 19. The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. Primary influenza pneumonia manifests with persistent symptoms of cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and malaise for more than three to five days. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults.
Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. PIV pneumonia and bronchiolitis are caused primarily by the PIV-3 strain. The signs and symptoms include fever, cough, coryza, dyspnea with rales, and wheezing.
Acknowledgements Authors:
Zab Mosenifar and Richard BrawermanThe University of Pretoria | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Viral Pneumonia Part 1 | Viral Pneumonia Part 1
Overview The reported incidence of viral pneumonia (see the image below) has increased during the past decade. In part, this apparent increase simply reflects improved diagnostic techniques, but an actual increase appears to have also occurred. Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease.
This course is divided into 3 parts covering the aspects of Pneumonia leading into the much dreaded COVID 19. The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. Primary influenza pneumonia manifests with persistent symptoms of cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and malaise for more than three to five days. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults.
Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. PIV pneumonia and bronchiolitis are caused primarily by the PIV-3 strain. The signs and symptoms include fever, cough, coryza, dyspnea with rales, and wheezing.
Acknowledgements
Authors:
Zab Mosenifar and Richard Brawerman | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Malaria | Malaria
Overview Malaria is a potentially life-threatening disease caused by infection with Plasmodium protozoa transmitted by an infective female Anopheles mosquito. Patients with malaria typically become symptomatic a few weeks after infection, though the symptomatology and incubation period may vary, depending on host factors and the causative species. Most patients with malaria have no specific physical findings, but splenomegaly may be present. In patients with suspected malaria, obtaining a history of recent or remote travel to an endemic area is critical. Asking explicitly if they travelled to a tropical area at any time in their life may enhance recall. Maintain a high index of suspicion for malaria in any patient exhibiting any malarial symptoms and having a history of travel to endemic areas.
It is also important to determine the patient's immune status, age, and pregnancy status; allergies or other medical conditions that he or she may have; and medications that he or she may be using.
Acknowledgements Authors:
Thomas E Herchline, Thomas E Herchline, Ryan Q Simon
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Diabetes Mellitus Part 3 | Diabetes Mellitus Part 3
Overview Type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, and excessive or inappropriate glucagon secretion. Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes is associated with an array of microvascular, macrovascular, and neuropathic complications.
Microvascular complications of diabetes include retinal, renal, and possibly neuropathic disease. Macrovascular complications include coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease. Diabetic neuropathy affects autonomic and peripheral nerves.
This course focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes and its acute and chronic complications, other than those directly associated with hypoglycemia and severe metabolic disturbances, such as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Acknowledgements Author:
Khardori
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Diabetes Mellitus Part 2 | Diabetes Mellitus Part 2
Overview Type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, and excessive or inappropriate glucagon secretion. Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes is associated with an array of microvascular, macrovascular, and neuropathic complications.
Microvascular complications of diabetes include retinal, renal, and possibly neuropathic disease. Macrovascular complications include coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease. Diabetic neuropathy affects autonomic and peripheral nerves.
This course focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes and its acute and chronic complications, other than those directly associated with hypoglycemia and severe metabolic disturbances, such as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Acknowledgements Author:
Khardori | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Diabetes Mellitus Part 1 | Diabetes Mellitus Part 1
Overview Type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, and excessive or inappropriate glucagon secretion. Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes is associated with an array of microvascular, macrovascular, and neuropathic complications.
Microvascular complications of diabetes include retinal, renal, and possibly neuropathic disease. Macrovascular complications include coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease. Diabetic neuropathy affects autonomic and peripheral nerves.
This course focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes and its acute and chronic complications, other than those directly associated with hypoglycemia and severe metabolic disturbances, such as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Acknowledgements Author:
Khardori | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Bridging the Theory-Practice Gap with Dental Hygiene Instrumentation Videos | Bridging the Theory-Practice Gap with Dental Hygiene Instrumentation Videos
Bridging the Theory-Practice Gap with Dental Hygiene Instrumentation Videos
Overview Dental educators are challenged to bridge the theory-practice gap to enhance the educational experience and meet the diverse learning needs of students. The aim of this study was to explore dental hygiene students’ perceptions of the effectiveness, appeal, and satisfaction regarding instrumentation videos as a resource to improve learning in the clinical environment.
All 152 first-year students in a U.S. baccalaureate dental hygiene program at two sites in two consecutive years were invited to participate in the study. Survey questions addressed demographics, effectiveness, appeal, and satisfaction with the instrumentation videos along with open-ended questions to explore students’ perceptions of the videos’ value and benefits. A total of 143 students completed the survey, for a response rate of 94%. Thematic analysis revealed the following themes in the open comments: helpfulness of the videos in clinical practice to clarify, reinforce, and visualize skills learned. These students reported satisfaction with the instrumentation videos, suggesting these learning aids have potential value in closing the theory-practice gap in clinical dental hygiene education.
Authors: Jessica N. August, Linda D. Boyd, Lori Giblin-Scanlon
Journal: Journal of Dental Education
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Work stress and occupational burnout among Dental Staff in a Medical Centre | Work stress and occupational burnout among Dental Staff in a Medical Centre
Work stress and occupational burnout among Dental Staff in a Medical Centre
Overview
Research on work stress and occupational burnout among Taiwanese dental staff is scarce. Thus, this study aimed to explore work stress and occupational burnout among dental staff in a medical center. This study is a cross-sectional survey that included the dental staff of a medical center in Taiwan. They were asked to complete self-reported questionnaires anonymously. The Questionnaire on Medical Workers' Stress (QMWS) was used to assess work stress, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) was used to evaluate occupational burnout. In total, 108 valid questionnaires were collected, with a response rate of 79.9%. Data were analysed using independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise linear regression. It is concluded that work stress and occupational burnout were common among dental staff; this may affect patient safety and should be valued. A stress management program is recommended to promote mental health of dental staff, along with adjustment of working environment, performance evaluation, and promotion systems.
Authors Chen-Yi Lee, Ju-Hui Wu, Je-Kang Du
Journal Journal of Dental Sciences
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Factors affecting patient safety culture among dental healthcare workers: A nationwide cross-sectional survey | Factors affecting patient safety culture among dental healthcare workers: A nationwide cross-sectional survey
Factors affecting patient safety culture among dental healthcare workers: A nationwide cross-sectional survey
Overview Patient safety is a major healthcare challenge. Due to a lack of safety culture knowledge among dental professionals, our objectives were to measure the level of patient safety culture using the Safety Attitude Questionnaire in Chinese (SAQ-C) and identify factors associated with positive attitudes toward patient safety. A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted within dentistry departments of 20 hospitals and in 40 dental clinics, from which were randomly chosen. The survey (SAQ-C) comprised of 32 items and reflects five dimensions of patient safety culture. The second section collects demographic information that supposedly affects attitudes toward patient safety. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors that supposedly influenced positive attitudes toward patient safety. With a lack of research in the dental field, our study provides important information on patient safety attitudes for dental healthcare workers. Results from this study present the current status of patient safety culture and help raise awareness of it. Most notably, the study identified several factors associated with positive attitudes toward patient safety. The information can be used to improve patient safety in the future.
Authors Hsin-Chung Cheng, Amy Ming-Fang Yen, Yi-Hsuan Lee
Journal Journal of Dental Sciences | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Ocular hazards of curing light units used in dental practice - A systematic review | Ocular hazards of curing light units used in dental practice - A systematic review
Ocular hazards of curing light units used in dental practice - A systematic review
Overview The purpose of this article is to examine the literature and summarize studies that describe the potential ocular hazards that are posed by different systems of light curing units mainly used in the dental clinics, to ensure the safety of the operator, patient and the auxiliary staff in the dental clinic. Eight articles were included in the study after application of eligibility criteria, all of which were in accordance to the review protocol. The total wavelength dose received can cause Ocular damage which suggest that light intensity is correlated to the duration required to cause a certain level of damage, and we can substitute the long light exposure by using of a lower intensity light. This review concludes that blue light poses maximum risk to cause retinal degeneration based on the evaluated studies. Most of the studies recommend the use of protective eyewear in order to limit exposure of the patient, operator and assistant to the LCUs. It is not advisable to stare directly into the light source and the recommended safe exposure times and distances for patient, operator and assistant must be strictly adhered to in the dental practice.
Authors Raniya A. Alasiri, Hashim A. Algarni, Reem A. Alasiri
Journal The Saudi Dental Journal
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Mixed-methods research: A tutorial for speech-language therapists and audiologists in South Africa | Mixed-methods research: A tutorial for speech-language therapists and audiologists in South Africa
Mixed-methods research: A tutorial for speech-language therapists and audiologists in South Africa
Overview
The aim of this tutorial is to increase awareness of the value of MMR, especially for readers less familiar with this research approach. A literature review was conducted to provide an overview of the key issues in MMR. The tutorial discusses the various issues to be considered in the critical appraisal of MMR, followed by an explanation of the process of conducting MMR. A critical review describes the strengths and challenges in MMR. MMR is less commonly used or published in the fields of speech-language therapy and audiology.
Researchers, SLTs and audiologists are encouraged to make use of MMR to address the complex research issues in the multicultural, multifaceted South African context. It was concluded that MMR makes an important contribution to the understanding of individuals with communication disorders, and in turn, researchers in the two disciplinary fields of speech-language therapy and audiology can contribute to the development of this research approach. MMR is well suited to the complexity of South African contexts and its populations, as it can provide multiple perspectives of a topic.
Acknowledgement
Authors Anna-Marie Wium and Brenda Louw
Journal South African Journal of Communication Disorders
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Pharmacological and Dietary Factors in preventing Colorectal Cancer | Pharmacological and Dietary Factors in preventing Colorectal Cancer
Pharmacological and Dietary Factors in preventing Colorectal Cancer
Overview
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent neoplasm worldwide and fourth most frequent reason of cancer-related death throughout the world. About 70% of malignant tumours are related to lifestyle and environmental factors, and better knowledge of their significance might reduce the prevalence of CRC. The cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitory and other direct and indirect pathways of aspirin are translated to inhibition proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of cancer cells.
A high energy diet consisting of red meat, animal fat, highly processed foods and unsaturated fats increases the risk of CRC. Carcinogenic role of fat and cholesterol depends on increased production of primary bile acids. Fruits, vegetables and grain are considered to have protective effects against adenoma and CRC. Excessive alcohol consumption, smoking and physical inactivity are considered as important CRC risk factors.
This article briefly summarizes current state of knowledge about the role of pharmacological and dietary prevention of colorectal cancer. Moreover, it indicates that despite many studies some aspects of this issue are not clear and require future studies.
Acknowledgement
Author M. Waluga, M. Zorniak, J. Fichna, M. Kukla and M. Hartleb
Journal Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2018
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Plus Disease in Retinopathy of Prematurity: More Than Meets the ICROP | Plus Disease in Retinopathy of Prematurity: More Than Meets the ICROP
Plus Disease in Retinopathy of Prematurity: More Than Meets the ICROP
Overview
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a vasoproliferative reti¬nal disease affecting premature infants, is a leading cause of childhood blindness throughout the world. Plus disease, defined as venous dilatation and arteriolar tortuosity within the posterior retinal vessels greater than or equal to that of a standard published photograph, is the most critical finding in identifying treatment-requiring ROP. Despite an internation¬ally accepted definition of plus disease, there is significant variability in diagnostic process and outcome, producing variable levels of reported intra- and inter-expert agreement. Several potential explanations for poor agreement have been proposed, including attention to undefined vascular features such as venous tortuosity, focus on narrower or wider field of view, unfamiliarity with digital images, the magnification and apparent severity of the standard photograph, and cut-off point differences among experts as to the level of tortuosity and dilation sufficient for “plus dis¬ease” along a continuum.
Moreover, differences in diagnostic consistency among groups of experts separated both geographically and chronologi¬cally have been reported. These findings have implications for clinical care, research, and education, and highlight the need for a more precise definition of plus disease and objective diagnostic methods for ROP.
Acknowledgements
Authors Layla Ghergherehchi, MD, Sang Jin Kim, MD, PhD, J. Peter Campbell, MD, MPH, Susan Ostmo, MS, R.V. Paul Chan, MD and Michael F. Chiang, MD
Journal Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology | 3 | | R415.00 | |
| | Technique for single axillary incision robotic assisted quadrantectomy and immediate partial breast reconstruction with robotic latissimus dorsi flap harvest for breast cancer | Technique for single axillary incision robotic assisted quadrantectomy and immediate partial breast reconstruction with robotic latissimus dorsi flap harvest for breast cancer
Technique for single axillary incision robotic assisted quadrantectomy and immediate partial breast reconstruction with robotic latissimus dorsi flap harvest for breast cancer
Overview
The clinical application of robotic surgery in breast conserving surgery or volume replacement with robotic latissimus dorsi flap harvest (RLDFH) has been rarely reported. In this study, we report the preliminary experience and clinical outcome of robotic assisted quadrantectomy (RAQ) and immediate partial breast reconstruction (IPBR) with RLDFH.
The post-operative recovery was smooth except for seroma formation over the back, which was relieved after repeated aspiration at an outpatient clinic. The patient was satisfied with the post-operative scar and aesthetic outcome. No local recurrence, distant metastasis or case mortality was found during 5 months of follow-up. RAQ and IPBR with RLDFH is a safe alternative for small-to-medium-breast-size women with breast cancer who desire breast conservation and are indicated for volume replacement with autologous latissimus dorsi flap.
Acknowledgement
Authors Hung-Wen Lai, Shou-Tung Chen, Shih-Lung Lin, Ya-Ling Lin, Hwa-Koon Wu, Shu-Hsin Pai, Dar-Ren Chen and Shou-Jen Kuo,
Journal
Medicine Baltimore
Publisher Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Factors Associated with Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children Aged 7 to 9 Years | Factors Associated with Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children Aged 7 to 9 Years
Factors Associated with Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children Aged 7 to 9 Years
Overview
Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is one of the major challenges in pediatric dentistry. The prevalence is estimated to approximately 9%. Using the children’s fear survey schedule dental subscale (CFSS-DS), 6.7% of a Swedish sample were assessed as being fearful DFA is a common reason for avoiding dental treatment, which over time, may result in deteriorated oral health. DFA among children has a complicated and multifactorial etiology. Several interacting factors, personal as well as environmental, contribute to the development of fear and anxiety in a dental care situation.
Psychological factors such as shyness and general fearfulness or immaturity have previously been investigated and found to be important. Cognitive ability as well as transmission of negative attitudes from parents or others are also pathways of DFA acquisition. Several studies have shown an association between parental and child DFA.
Acknowledgements
Authors Andreas Dahlander, Fernanda Soares, Margaret Grindefjord, and Göran Dahllöf
Journal Dentistry Journal Volume 7 Issue 3
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Dental anxiety in patients attending a student dental clinic | Dental anxiety in patients attending a student dental clinic
Dental anxiety in patients attending a student dental clinic
Overview
This study investigated the expectations and experiences of a sample of new patients visiting an Australian regional university Student Dental Clinic about anxiety provoking and alleviating stimuli in the clinical environment. Differences in anxiety levels were examined by age, gender and the type of procedure undergone.
There was a reduction in dental anxiety from pre-treatment (M=1.92) to post-treatment (M=1.23) on the single item anxiety measure though most of the treatment being undergone by patients was for less complex procedures. Patients’ anticipatory experience of anxiety was higher than the anxiety experience after having undergone treatment at the student dental clinic. Student interpersonal skills and clinical ability as perceived by the patient can lessen dental anxiety in patients. Clinical Supervisor-student ratios need to be more equivalent in order to reduce the time length of appointments which currently are associated with increased patient anxiety levels in student dental clinics.
Authors Marie L. Caltabiano, Felicity Croker, Lauren Page, Anton Sklavos, Jade Spiteri, Louise Hanrahan and Richard Choi
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | A Review of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the Role of the Dentist | A Review of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the Role of the Dentist
A Review of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the Role of the Dentist
Overview
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (POSA), considered most severe in the spectrum of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), is highly prevalent and affects up to 1% to 4% of all children. Approximately 7 to 9 million children experience POSA, prompting the medical and dental communities to improve awareness for proper screening, diagnosis, and earlier treatment.
According to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD), signs of untreated POSA in school-aged children can include neurocognitive dysfunction such as aggressive behavior, symptoms that resemble attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, deteriorating school performance, bedwetting, developmental delay, and reduced quality of life. Various surgical and nonsurgical techniques are currently being used in the treatment of POSA. In this review, the etiology, epidemiology, and treatment considerations of POSA will be summarized with special emphasis on the dental provider’s role in identifying and treating POSA.
Authors: Jacy Stauffer, David M. Okuji, Guy C. Lichty, Rakesh Bhattacharjee, Fadra Whyte, Daniel Miller, Juveria Hussain
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Dental anxiety, oral health-related quality of life, and general well-being: A self-determination theory perspective | Dental anxiety, oral health-related quality of life, and general well-being: A self-determination theory perspective
Dental anxiety, oral health-related quality of life, and general well-being: A self-determination theory perspective
Overview The aim of this study was to test a structural equation model (SEM) with the following hypotheses: (1) patients’ perceptions of oral health care professionals’ (i.e., dentists and dental hygienists) controlling interpersonal styles would positively predict patients’ dental anxiety through their basic psychological need frustration in treatment; (2) in turn, high dental anxiety would positively predict dysregulation of dental anxiety, which through a feedback loop contributes to perception of oral health care professionals’ controlling styles; and, (3) in addition, both dental anxiety and dysregulation of dental anxiety would predict poor Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and subsequently poor general well-being.
A bootstrapping procedure indicated that all indirect links in the model were supported. Analysis indicated that common method variance (CMV) did not seriously distort the results in this setting. Although the majority of oral health care professionals are perceived as being noncontrolling by their patients (51%), the proportion perceived as moderately (38%) or highly (11%) controlling represent a challenge for oral health care education and practice. It would be useful for oral health care professionals to be trained in avoiding a controlling treatment style.
Authors Anne Elisabeth Münster Halvari, Hallgeir Halvari, Edward L. Deci
Journal Journal of Applied Social Psychology Pages 1 - 12
| 3 | | R416.00 | |
| | Mortality effects of timing alternatives for hip fracture surgery | Mortality effects of timing alternatives for hip fracture surgery
Mortality effects of timing alternatives for hip fracture surgery
Overview:
The appropriate timing of hip fracture surgery remains a matter of debate. It was sought to estimate the effect of changes in timing policy and the proportion of deaths attributable to surgical delay.
We estimated the expected population-average risks of inpatient death within 30 days if patients were surgically treated on day of admission, inpatient day 2, day 3 or after day 3. We weighted observations with the inverse propensity score of surgical timing according to confounders selected from a causal diagram.
Surgery on admission day or the following day was estimated to reduce postoperative mortality among medically stable patients with hip fracture. Hospitals should expedite operating room access for patients whose surgery has already been delayed for nonmedical reasons.
Acknowledgement
Authors:
Boris Sobolev PhD, Pierre Guy MD, Katie Jane Sheehan PhD, Lisa Kuramoto MSc, Jason M. Sutherland PhD, Adrian R. Levy PhD, James A. Blair MD, Eric Bohm MD, Jason D. Kim MPH, Edward J. Harvey MD, Suzanne N. Morin MD, Lauren Beaupre PhD, Michael Dunbar MD, Susan Jaglal PhD, James Waddell MD; for the Canadian Collaborative Study of Hip Fractures
Journal:
CMAJ Group Volume 190 Issue 31
Publisher:
National Centre for Biotechnology Information | 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Primary care randomised controlled trial of a tailored interactive website for the self-management of respiratory infections (Internet Doctor). | Primary care randomised controlled trial of a tailored interactive website for the self-management of respiratory infections (Internet Doctor).
Primary care randomised controlled trial of a tailored interactive website for the self-management of respiratory infections (Internet Doctor).
OVERVIEW
Respiratory tract infection (RTI) is very common and most people suffer from it every year. Some people even suffer from it more than once with consulting primary care at least once each year, which represents a significant call on healthcare resources.
The objective of this stud was to assess an internet-delivered intervention providing advice to manage respiratory tract infections (RTIs). The design for this study was an open pragmatic parallel group randomized controlled trial meanwhile the setting was primary care in the United Kingdom. The participants of this study were adults (aged =18) registered with general practitioners, recruited by postal invitation. The intervention of this research however tailored advices about the diagnosis, natural history, symptom management (particularly paracetamol/ibuprofen use) and when to seek further help.
Out of the 3044 participants that were recruited for this study, 852 in the intervention group and 920 in the control group reported 1 or more RTIs, among whom there was a modest increase in NHS direct contacts in the intervention group (intervention 37/1574 (2.4%) versus control 20/1661 (1.2%); multivariate risk ratio (RR) 2.25 (95% CI 1.00 to 5.07, p=0.048)).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Paul Little, Beth Stuart, Panayiota Andreou, Lisa McDermott, Judith Joseph, Mark Mullee, Mike Moore, Sue Broomfield, Tammy Thomas, Lucy Yardley
JOURNAL: Respiratory Medicine
PUBLISHER: BMJ Open
URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com | 3 | | R330.00 | |