| | Enhanced perioperative care in emergency general surgery: the WSES position paper | Enhanced perioperative care in emergency general surgery: the WSES position paper
Enhanced perioperative care in emergency general surgery: the WSES position paper
Overview Enhanced perioperative care protocols become the standard of care in elective surgery with a significant improvement in patients’ outcome. The key element of the enhanced perioperative care protocol is the multimodal and interdisciplinary approach targeted to the patient, focused on a holistic approach to reduce surgical stress and improve perioperative recovery. Enhanced perioperative care in emergency general surgery is still a debated topic with little evidence available. The present position paper illustrates the existing evidence about perioperative care in emergency surgery patients with a focus on each perioperative intervention in the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative phase. For each item was proposed and approved a statement by the WSES collaborative group.
Journal World Journal of Emergency Surgery Citation Ceresoli et al. World Journal of Emergency Surgery (2023) 18:47
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| | Evaluation of the advantages of robotic versus laparoscopic surgery in elderly patients with colorectal cancer | Evaluation of the advantages of robotic versus laparoscopic surgery in elderly patients with colorectal cancer
Evaluation of the advantages of robotic versus laparoscopic surgery in elderly patients with colorectal cancer
Overview The incidence of colorectal cancer increases with aging. Curative-intent surgery based on a minimally invasive concept is expected to bring survival benefits to elderly patients (aged over 80 years) with colorectal cancer who are frequently with fragile health status and advanced tumours. The study explored survival outcomes in this patient population who received robotic or laparoscopic surgery and aimed to identify an optimal surgical option for those patients. The clinical materials and follow-up data were retrieved on elderly patients with colorectal carcinoma who received robotic or laparoscopic surgery in our institution. The pathological and surgical outcomes were compared to examine the efficacy and safety of the two approaches. The DFS (disease-free survival) and OS (overall survival) results at 3 years after surgery were assessed to explore the survival benefits. It was concluded that robotic surgery was prized for elderly patients with colorectal cancer who developed anemia and/or haematological conditions.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9942364/pdf/12877_2023_Article_3822.pdf
Journal BMC Geriatrics
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| | CT and clinical features for distinguishing endophytic clear cell renal cell carcinoma from urothelial carcinoma | CT and clinical features for distinguishing endophytic clear cell renal cell carcinoma from urothelial carcinoma
CT and clinical features for distinguishing endophytic clear cell renal cell carcinoma from urothelial carcinoma
Overview The aim was to characterize the clinical and multiphase computed tomography (CT) features of the distinguishing endophytic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ECCRCC) from endophytic renal urothelial carcinoma (ERUC). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine independent predictors for ECCRCC and to construct a predictive model that comprised clinical and CT characteristics for the differential diagnosis of ECCRCC and ERUC. Differential diagnostic performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The independent predictors of ECCRCC were heterogeneous enhancement (odds ratio [OR] = 0.027, P = .005), hematuria (OR for gross hematuria = 53.995, P = .003; OR for microscopic hematuria = 31.126, P = .027), and an infiltrative growth pattern (OR = 24.301, P = .022). The AUC of the predictive model was 0.938 (P < .001, sensitivity = 84.10%, specificity = 95.20%), which had a better diagnostic performance than heterogeneous enhancement (AUC = 0.766, P = .001, sensitivity = 81.82%, specificity = 71.43%), hematuria (AUC = 0.786, P < .001, sensitivity = 81.82%, specificity = 66.67%), and infiltrative growth pattern (AUC = 0.748, P = .001, sensitivity = 90.48%, specificity = 59.09%). The independent predictors, as well as the predictive model of CT and clinical characteristics, may assist in the differential diagnosis of ECCRCC and ERUC and provide useful information for clinical decision making.
Journal Diagnostic Interventional Radiology
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| | Long-Term Outcomes of Venous Resections in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients | Long-Term Outcomes of Venous Resections in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients
Long-Term Outcomes of Venous Resections in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients
Overview The objective was to investigate whether pancreatic resections (PR) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with worse survival when resection of the superior mesenteric vein/portal vein (SMV/PV) is required. PR for PDAC with resection of the superior mesenteric vein/portal vein (SMV/PV, PR+V resection) may be associated with inferior overall survival (OS) compared with PR without the need for SMV/PV resection (PR–V). We hypothesized that PR+V results in lower OS compared with PR–V. Overall, 2403 patients were identified. Six hundred two underwent exploration only (EXP group), whereas 412 underwent pancreatic resection with (PR+V group) and 1389 (PR–V) without SMV/PV resection. Five-year OS for the PR+V group was lower (20% vs 30%) compared with PR–V, although multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling could not associate PR+V status with OS (Hazard ratio 1.11, P = 0.408). When correcting for confounders, PR+V was not associated with lower OS compared with PR–V. Journal Annals of Surgery Open
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| | Can YouTube be used as an educational tool in lymphedema rehabilitation? | Can YouTube be used as an educational tool in lymphedema rehabilitation?
Can YouTube be used as an educational tool in lymphedema rehabilitation?
Overview Lymphedema is defined as the abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid and fibro-adipose tissues resulting from injury, infection, or congenital abnormalities of the lymphatic system. The gold standard approach in the treatment of lymphedema is Complete Decongestive Therapy and it has many components that require practical knowledge and skills. YouTube can be a useful tool to provide these skills to healthcare professionals and patients. The aim of this study was to examine the videos about lymphedema rehabilitation on YouTube and analyse their technical features, sources, contents, educational value and reliability. The biggest obstacle for YouTube to be an excellent source of information is that it hosts large volumes of uncontrolled and low-quality data. When YouTube content related to lymphedema rehabilitation was examined, it was observed that many videos were quite insufficient and incomplete even though there were useful videos. If careful controlling measures are implemented and if medical videos aim to meet reliability and GQS criteria, YouTube can become an effective and useful source of information for lymphedema rehabilitation.
Journal Archives of Physiotherapy
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| | Causal mechanisms of a scapular stabilization intervention for patients with subacromial pain syndrome: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial | Causal mechanisms of a scapular stabilization intervention for patients with subacromial pain syndrome: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Causal mechanisms of a scapular stabilization intervention for patients with subacromial pain syndrome: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Overview Causal mediation analysis is one way to bridge this gap by exploring the causal pathways of a given intervention. The aim of this study was to assess whether scapular motion, position, and periscapular muscle strength are mediators for pain and shoulder disability outcomes following a scapular stabilization intervention for patients with subacromial pain syndrome. The results demonstrated that none of the putative mediators were influenced by the intervention. However, muscle strength of serratus anterior, upper, middle, and lower trapezius muscles was associated with shoulder disability. Scapular kinematic and periscapular muscle strength did not mediate the effect of scapular stabilization exercises on shoulder pain or disability scores in subjects with subacromial pain syndrome. Muscle strength of serratus anterior, upper, middle and lower trapezius was associated with shoulder disability scores at 8-weeks follow-up.
Journal Archives of Physiotherapy
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| | The role of CT in decision for acute appendicitis treatment | The role of CT in decision for acute appendicitis treatment
The role of CT in decision for acute appendicitis treatment
Overview Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdomen requiring surgery. Although the standard treatment has been surgery, it has been seen in recent years that treatment is possible with antibiotics and non-operative observation. In this study, our aim is to determine whether the computed tomography (CT) findings in patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis can be used for directing treatment. As the successful and unsuccessful medical treatment groups were compared, the only significant parameter was the severity of mural enhancement (P = .005). CT findings may be helpful in patients with uncomplicated acute appendicitis whose treatment surgeons are indecisive about. We can recommend surgical treatment in cases with appendix diameter =13 mm, intra-abdominal free fluid, appendicolith, high CT appendicitis score, and severe mural enhancement.
Journal Diagnostic Interventional Radiology
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| | Incidence rate and risk factors of surgical wound infection in general surgery patients: A cross-sectional study | Incidence rate and risk factors of surgical wound infection in general surgery patients: A cross-sectional study
Incidence rate and risk factors of surgical wound infection in general surgery patients: A cross-sectional study
Overview Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are considered a major challenge in health care systems. One of the main HAIs, playing an important role in increased morbidity and mortality, is surgical wound infection. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence rate and risk factors of surgical wound infection in general surgery patients. This cross-sectional study was performed on 506 patients undergoing general surgery at Razi hospital in Rasht from 2019 to 2020. Bacterial isolates, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, antibiotic administration, and its type, operation duration and shift, the urgency of surgery, people involved in changing dressings, length of hospitalisation, and levels of haemoglobin, albumin, and white blood cells after surgery were assessed. The frequency of surgical wound infection and its association with patient characteristics and laboratory results were evaluated. Among these, Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant species, followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci. In addition, the most common Gram-negative isolates identified were Escherichia coli bacteria. Overall, administration of antibiotics, emergency surgery, surgery duration, and levels of white blood cells and creatinine were identified as surgical wound infection associated risk factors. Identifying important risk factors could help control or prevent surgical wound infections.
Journal Int Wound Journal.
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| | Acceptability and deliverability of an auditory rhythmical cueing (ARC) training programme for use at home and outdoors to improve gait and physical activity post-stroke | Acceptability and deliverability of an auditory rhythmical cueing (ARC) training programme for use at home and outdoors to improve gait and physical activity post-stroke
Acceptability and deliverability of an auditory rhythmical cueing (ARC) training programme for use at home and outdoors to improve gait and physical activity post-stroke
Overview Although laboratory studies demonstrate that training programmes using auditory rhythmical cueing (ARC) may improve gait post-stroke, few studies have evaluated this intervention in the home and outdoors where deployment may be more appropriate. This manuscript reports stakeholder refinement of an ARC gait and balance training programme for use at home and outdoors, and a study which assessed acceptability and deliverability of this programme. Programme design and content were refined during stakeholder workshops involving physiotherapists and stroke survivors. A two-group acceptability and deliverability study was then undertaken. It was concluded that an ARC gait and balance training programme refined by key stakeholders was feasible to deliver and acceptable to participants and providers.
Archives of Physiotherapy Vol. 12, Issue 1
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| | Clinical Outcomes of Radiofrequency Ablation Combined with Transarterial Chemoembolization Using Degradable Starch Microsphere Mixed with Mitomycin C for the Treatment of Non-hepatocellular Carcinoma Malignant Liver Tumours | Clinical Outcomes of Radiofrequency Ablation Combined with Transarterial Chemoembolization Using Degradable Starch Microsphere Mixed with Mitomycin C for the Treatment of Non-hepatocellular Carcinoma Malignant Liver Tumours
Clinical Outcomes of Radiofrequency Ablation Combined with Transarterial Chemoembolization Using Degradable Starch Microsphere Mixed with Mitomycin C for the Treatment of Non-hepatocellular Carcinoma Malignant Liver Tumours
Overview The purpose was to retrospectively evaluate the outcomes of radiofrequency ablation combined with transarterial chemoembolization using degradable starch microspheres for non-hepatocellular carcinoma malignant liver tumours. Technical success, safety, local tumour progression, and overall survival were evaluated. Safety was assessed according to the clinical practice guideline of the Society of Interventional Radiology. All treatment procedures were successfully completed. There were no major complications. The patients were treated with repeat radiofrequency ablation combined with transarterial chemoembolization using degradable starch microspheres. During median follow-up of 48 months (range, 4-77 months), 5 patients died (33%, 5/15). The overall survival rates were 100%, 85%, and 57% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The median overall survival time was 69 months. It was conclusion radiofrequency ablation combined with transarterial chemoembolization using degradable starch microspheres was safe and showed favourable local control for non-hepatocellular carcinoma malignant liver tumours.
Journal Interventional Radiology
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| | Visual outcomes and safety profile of intraocular lens implantation versus aphakia in children with microspherophakia with no subluxation | Visual outcomes and safety profile of intraocular lens implantation versus aphakia in children with microspherophakia with no subluxation
Visual outcomes and safety profile of intraocular lens implantation versus aphakia in children with microspherophakia with no subluxation
Overview The objective of this is to study the visual, refractive and surgical outcomes of intraocular lens (IOL) implantation versus aphakia in children with microspherophakia. Retrospective, comparative, non-randomised interventional study. Methods: All consecutive children with microspherophakia who satisfied the inclusion criteria were included. The eyes that underwent in-the-bag IOL implantation and those that were left aphakic were included in groups A and B, respectively. The postoperative visual outcomes, IOL stability and complications during the follow-up period were studied. The survival analysis (p value 0.18) was comparable in each group and in conclusion In-the-bag IOL is an option, which can be considered in selected cases of microspherophakia in developing nations where regular follow-up and economic constraints are a major concern.
Journal BMJ Open Ophthalmology – Pediatric Ophthalmology Volume 8 – Issue 1
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| | In-Hospital Mortality Following Traumatic Injury in South Africa | In-Hospital Mortality Following Traumatic Injury in South Africa
In-Hospital Mortality Following Traumatic Injury in South Africa
Overview Trauma is a leading cause of death worldwide and in South Africa. We aimed to quantify the in-hospital trauma mortality rate in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. The in-hospital trauma mortality rate in South Africa remains unknown, and it is unclear whether deficits in hospital care are contributing to the high level of trauma-related mortality. All patients hospitalized because of trauma at the Department of Surgery at Grey’s Hospital, Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service, were prospectively entered in an electronic database starting in 2013 and the data were retrospectively analysed. The trauma service adheres to Advanced Trauma Life Support and the doctors have attended basic and advanced courses in trauma care. In conclusion, the in-hospital trauma mortality rate at a South African trauma center using systematic trauma care is lower than that reported from other trauma centers in the world during the past 20 years. Nevertheless, 16% of death cases were assessed as avoidable if there had been better access to intensive care, dialysis, advanced respiratory care, blood for transfusion, and improvements in surgery and medical care.
Journal Annals of Surgery Open
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| | Telemedicine for Pediatric Nephrology: Perspectives on COVID-19, Future Practices, and Work Flow Changes | Telemedicine for Pediatric Nephrology: Perspectives on COVID-19, Future Practices, and Work Flow Changes
Telemedicine for Pediatric Nephrology: Perspectives on COVID-19, Future Practices, and Work Flow Changes
Overview Although the use of telemedicine in rural areas has increased steadily over the years, its use was rapidly implemented during the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. Due to this rapid implementation, there is a lack of standardized work flows to assess and treat for various nephrotic conditions, symptoms, treatment modalities, and transition processes in the pediatric population. To provide a foundation/suggestion for future standardized workflows, the authors of this report have developed standardized workflows using the Delphi method. These workflows were informed based on results from cross-sectional surveys directed to patients and providers. Most patients and providers were satisfied, 87% and 71%, respectively, with their telemedicine visits. Common issues that were raised with the use of telemedicine included difficulty procuring physical laboratory results and a lack of personal warmth during telemedicine visits. The workflows created based on these suggestions will both enhance safety in treating patients and allow for the best possible care.
Authors Rupesh Raina, Nikhil Nair, Aditya Sharma, Ronith Chakraborty, and Sarah Rush, Delphi Panelists
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| | 12 weeks high intensity interval training versus moderate intensity continuous training in chronic low back pain subjects: a randomised single-blinded feasibility study | 12 weeks high intensity interval training versus moderate intensity continuous training in chronic low back pain subjects: a randomised single-blinded feasibility study
12 weeks high intensity interval training versus moderate intensity continuous training in chronic low back pain subjects: a randomised single-blinded feasibility study
Overview Currently, very little is known about the effects of an endurance high intensity interval training in chronic low back pain patients. Therefore, the feasibility and safety of the HIIT has to be assessed first before it can be integrated safely into research and daily practice it can be integrated safely into research and daily practice. This study aims to answers the question if high intensity interval training and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) have comparable adherence and feasibility. After the study it was concluded that there were no differences in adherence rates. HIIT is as feasible as MICT in non-specific chronic low back pain and can be used in future larger trials to deepen the knowledge about HIIT in this specific population.
Journal Archives of Physiotherapy
Citation Cerini T, Hilfiker R, Riegler TF, Felsch QTM. 12 weeks high intensity interval training versus moderate intensity continuous training in chronic low back pain subjects: a randomised single-blinded feasibility study. Arch Physiother. 2022 May 2;12(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s40945-022-00136-3.
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| | Profiles of Dysarthria and Dysphagia in Individuals With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | Profiles of Dysarthria and Dysphagia in Individuals With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Profiles of Dysarthria and Dysphagia in Individuals With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Overview While dysarthria and dysphagia are known bulbar manifestations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the relative prevalence of speech and swallowing impairments and whether these bulbar symptoms emerge at the same time point or progress at similar rates is not yet clear. Dysphagia and dysarthria were instrumentally confirmed in 68% and 78% of individuals with ALS, respectively. Over half of the individuals with ALS in this study demonstrated both dysphagia and dysarthria. Of those with only one bulbar impairment, speech was twice as likely to be the first bulbar symptom to degrade. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and determine the longitudinal progression of bulbar impairments in this patient population.
Journal Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
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| | An Implicit–Explicit Framework for Intervention Methods in Developmental Language Disorder | An Implicit–Explicit Framework for Intervention Methods in Developmental Language Disorder
An Implicit–Explicit Framework for Intervention Methods in Developmental Language Disorder
Overview
The growing interest in framing intervention approaches as either implicit or explicit calls for a discussion of what makes intervention approaches engage each of these learning systems, with the goal of achieving a shared framework. This tutorial presents evidence for the interaction between implicit and explicit learning systems, and it highlights the intervention characteristics that promote implicit or explicit learning as well as outcome measures that tap into implicit or explicit knowledge. This framework is then applied to eight common intervention approaches and notable combinations of approaches to unpack their differential engagement of implicit and explicit learning.
Many intervention characteristics (e.g., instructions, elicitation techniques, feedback) can be manipulated to move an intervention along the implicit–explicit continuum. Given the bias for using explicit learning strategies that develops throughout childhood and into adulthood, clinicians should be aware that most interventions (even those that promote implicit learning) will engage the explicit learning system. However, increased awareness of the implicit and explicit learning systems and their cognitive demands will allow clinicians to choose the most appropriate intervention for the target behaviour.
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| | Comorbidity and Severity in Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Retrospective Chart Review | Comorbidity and Severity in Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Retrospective Chart Review
Comorbidity and Severity in Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Retrospective Chart Review
Overview
The purpose of this study was to investigate comorbidity prevalence and patterns in childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) and their relationship to severity. In this retroactive cross-sectional study, medical communication-related comorbidities were regressed on CAS severity as rated by speech-language pathologists during diagnosis. The relationship between CAS severity and the presence of four common comorbid conditions was also examined using ordinal or multinomial regressions. Children with comorbid intellectual disability (78.1%), receptive language impairment (72.5%), and nonspeech apraxia (37.3%; including limb, nonspeech oromotor, and oculomotor these comorbidities. However, children with comorbid autism spectrum disorder (33.6%) were no more likely to have severe CAS than children without autism.
Comorbidity appears to be the rule, rather than the exception, for children with CAS. Comorbid intellectual disability, receptive language impairment, and nonspeech apraxia confer additional risk for more severe forms of CAS. Findings are limited by being from a convenience sample of participants but inform future models of comorbidity.
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| | Pros and Cons of CADCAM Technology for Infection Prevention in Dental Settings during COVID-19 Outbreak | Pros and Cons of CADCAM Technology for Infection Prevention in Dental Settings during COVID-19 Outbreak
Pros and Cons of CADCAM Technology for Infection Prevention in Dental Settings during COVID-19 Outbreak
Overview The purpose of this commentary is to update the evidence reported in our previous review on the advantages and limitations of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology in the promotion of dental business, as well as to guarantee patient and occupational safety. The COVID-19 pandemic led to an unprecedented focus on infection prevention; however, waves of COVID-19 follow one another, asymptomatic cases are nearly impossible to identify by triage in a dental setting, and the effectiveness of long-lasting immune protection through vaccination remains largely unknown.
Different national laws and international guidelines (mainly USA-CDC, ECDC) have often brought about dissimilar awareness and operational choices, and in general, there has been very limited attention to this technology. Here, we discuss its advantages and limitations in light of: (a) presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the oral cavity, saliva, and dental biofilm and activation of dormant microbial infections; (b) the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosol and fomite contamination; (c) the detection of various oral manifestations of COVID-19; (d) specific information for the reprocessing of the scanner tip and the ward from the manufacturers.
Journal Sensors
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| | Effects of Resistance Training as a Behavioural Preventive Measure on Musculoskeletal Complaints, Maximum Strength and Ergonomic Risk in Dentists and Dental Assistants | Effects of Resistance Training as a Behavioural Preventive Measure on Musculoskeletal Complaints, Maximum Strength and Ergonomic Risk in Dentists and Dental Assistants
Effects of Resistance Training as a Behavioural Preventive Measure on Musculoskeletal Complaints, Maximum Strength and Ergonomic Risk in Dentists and Dental Assistants
Overview
For dental professionals, musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are common health hazards and resistance training programmes have been promising approaches in the quest for a reduction in the pain intensity of these professionals. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of a trunk-oriented 10-week resistance training programme. In total, the study was conducted with 17 dentists and dental assistants. The results were that there was a significant reduction in pain intensity was found for each queried body region: the neck, upper back, lower back and the right and left shoulders. The maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) improved significantly in all outcome measures: flexion, extension, right and left lateral flexion and right and left rotation.
It was concluded that a 10-week resistance training programme for dentists and dental assistants had significant effects on pain intensity reduction and the MVIC of the musculature of the trunk and is, therefore, suitable as a behavioural preventive measure against MSD in dental professionals.
Journa
Sensors
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| | Relationship between dental experiences, oral hygiene education and self-reported oral hygiene behaviour | Relationship between dental experiences, oral hygiene education and self-reported oral hygiene behaviour
Relationship between dental experiences, oral hygiene education and self-reported oral hygiene behaviour
Overview
Many preventive approaches in dentistry aim to improve oral health through behavioural instruction or intervention concerning oral health behaviour. However, it is still unknown which factors have the highest impact on oral health behaviours, such as toothbrushing or regular dental check-ups.
Various external and internal individual factors such as education, experience with dentists or influence by parents could be relevant. Therefore, the present observational study investigated the influence of these factors on self-reported oral heath behaviour. Dental anxiety and current negative dental experiences reduced participants’ dental self-efficacy perceptions as well as the self-inspection of one’s teeth. While parental care positively influenced the attitude towards one’s teeth, dental self-efficacy perceptions significantly correlated with attitude towards oral hygiene, self-inspection of one’s teeth and parental care.
Dental anxiety, dental experiences, parents’ care for their children’s oral hygiene and dental self-efficacy perceptions influence the attitude towards oral hygiene and one’s own oral cavity as well as the autonomous control of one’s own dental health.
Journal PLoS ONE
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| | Blood and saliva contamination on protective eyewear during dental treatment | Blood and saliva contamination on protective eyewear during dental treatment
Blood and saliva contamination on protective eyewear during dental treatment
Overview Dental treatments are inherently associated with the appearance of potentially infective aerosols, blood and saliva splashes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the quantitative contamination of protective eyewear during different dental treatments and the efficacy of the subsequent disinfection. Fifty-three standardized protective eyewear shields worn by students, dentists and dental assistants during different aerosol-producing dental treatment modalities (supragingival cleaning, subgingival periodontal instrumentation, trepanation and root canal treatment and carious cavity preparation; within all treatments, dental evacuation systems were used) were analysed, using common forensic techniques.
For detection of blood contamination, luminol solution was applied onto the surface of safety shields. A special forensic test paper was used to visualize saliva contamination. Further analysis was conducted after standardized disinfection using the same techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.
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| | Markers, Pathways and Current Evidence for Periodontitis-associated Insulin Resistance: A Narrative Review | Markers, Pathways and Current Evidence for Periodontitis-associated Insulin Resistance: A Narrative Review
Markers, Pathways and Current Evidence for Periodontitis-associated Insulin Resistance: A Narrative Review
Overview The aim of the present paper is to provide a narrative review of the markers and pathways of periodontitis-associated insulin resistance (IR). Research papers published in peer reviewed scientific journals from 2000 to 2021 were searched systematically in Online Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and MedLine/PubMed database. The medical subject headings (MeSH) terms used for literature search were “diabetes AND periodontal disease,” “diabetes AND periodontitis,” “inflammation AND insulin resistance,” “Insulin resistance AND periodontal disease,” and “insulin resistance AND periodontitis.” Manual search for applicable work in review article peer-reviewed print journals, and latest editions of standard textbooks of pharmacology and pathology were searched for updated additional information.
Seven out of 13 systematic reviews and a total of 18 randomized clinical trials to evaluate periodontitis-induced IR were short-listed to update current evidence. The current literature in the past two decades has evaluated the effect of periodontal therapy on various type-2 diabetes (T2D) biomarkers following periodontal therapy. These indicators of periodontal disease activity and surrogate biomarkers of T2D in periodontitis may be an important diagnostic tool for the early prediction of complications due to IR. This increased systemic burden of proinflammatory cytokines by periodontitis can be reduced by periodontal therapy, thus improving the patient’s overall systemic condition.
Journal Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry
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| | Microbiota of Dental Abscess and their Susceptibility to Empirical Antibiotic Therapy | Microbiota of Dental Abscess and their Susceptibility to Empirical Antibiotic Therapy
Microbiota of Dental Abscess and their Susceptibility to Empirical Antibiotic Therapy
Overview Resistant pathogens to purulent odontogenic infections have evolved due to misuse of antibiotics. Hence, it is important to use a suitable antibacterial agent. This study aimed to identify the common bacterial species causing odontogenic infections and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility profile to amoxicillin, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, azithromycin, and linezolid. This was an in vitro cross-sectional study.
After extensive testing it was concluded that culture-guided antibiotic prescriptions are necessary to prevent the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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| | Efficacy of Bioceramic and Calcium Hydroxide-Based Root Canal Sealers against Pathogenic Endodontic Biofilms: An In vitro Study | Efficacy of Bioceramic and Calcium Hydroxide-Based Root Canal Sealers against Pathogenic Endodontic Biofilms: An In vitro Study
Efficacy of Bioceramic and Calcium Hydroxide-Based Root Canal Sealers against Pathogenic Endodontic Biofilms: An In vitro Study
Overview
Complete eradication of root canal pathogens cannot be predictably achieved by chemo mechanical preparation and root canal disinfection. Therefore, an obturation material that has superior antimicrobial activity and sealing ability is required to inactivate residual microbes and prevent them from re-entering the root canal system. Recently developed bio ceramic root canal sealers are hydraulic cement which form calcium hydroxide during the hydration process. Like calcium hydroxide sealers, they exert an antimicrobial effect by releasing hydroxyl ions and increasing the pH.
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of a calcium hydroxide-based sealer and two bio ceramic sealers against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans biofilms. The sealers were dissolved in sterile saline to obtain supernatants. Biofilm formation assays, colony counting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of each supernatant. The data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance.
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| | Comparative Evaluation of Penetrative and Adaptive Properties of Unfilled and Filled Resin-Based Sealants When Placed using Conventional acid Etching, Lasing | Comparative Evaluation of Penetrative and Adaptive Properties of Unfilled and Filled Resin-Based Sealants When Placed using Conventional acid Etching, Lasing
Comparative Evaluation of Penetrative and Adaptive Properties of Unfilled and Filled Resin-Based Sealants When Placed using Conventional acid Etching, Lasing
Comparative Evaluation of Penetrative and Adaptive Properties of Unfilled and Filled Resin-Based Sealants When Placed using Conventional acid Etching, Lasing, and Fissurotomy Bur Technique of Enamel Preparation: An in vitro Scanning Electron Microscope Study
Overview
There is a confusion regarding selection of unfilled or filled sealant and method of enamel preparation before sealant application. This study was carried out to compare three techniques of enamel preparation using both unfilled and filled type of sealants. The objective of the study is to assess the penetrative and adaptive ability of filled and unfilled sealants in three techniques of enamel fissure preparations.
Total 36 extracted teeth were divided into 3 groups, each containing 12 samples. The samples of Group A were prepared by conventional acid etching with 37% phosphoric acid, and the Group B was subjected to Er: YAG lasing, while in Group C, fissurotomy followed by acid etching was done. The sealant placement was carried out using split tooth design in all the samples. Assessment of penetration and adaptation was done under scanning electron microscope using the scoring criteria adopted by Kane B et al. and Dukic W et al
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| | Accuracy of keyless vs drill-key implant systems for static computer-assisted implant surgery using two guide-hole designs compared to freehand implant placement: an in vitro study | Accuracy of keyless vs drill-key implant systems for static computer-assisted implant surgery using two guide-hole designs compared to freehand implant placement: an in vitro study
Accuracy of keyless vs drill-key implant systems for static computer-assisted implant surgery using two guide-hole designs compared to freehand implant placement: an in vitro study
Overview
This in vitro study aimed at comparing the accuracy of freehand implant placement with static computer assisted implant surgery (sCAIS), utilizing a keyless and a drill-key implant system and two guide-hole designs. A total of 108 implants were placed in 18 partially edentulous maxillary models simulating two different alveolar ridge morphologies. 3D digital deviations between pre-planned and post-operative implant positions were obtained. Guide material reduction was assessed in the keyless implant system for the manufacturer’s sleeve and sleeveless guide-hole designs.
Higher final implant positional accuracy was observed in sCAIS for the keyless implant system, with a sleeveless guide-hole design, and in healed ridges. Sleeveless guide holes resulted in higher volumetric material reduction compared with the manufacturer’s sleeve
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| | Robot-Assisted Sacro (hystero) Colpopexy with Anterior and Posterior Mesh Placement: impact on lower bowel tract function and clinical outcomes at mid-term follow-up | Robot-Assisted Sacro (hystero) Colpopexy with Anterior and Posterior Mesh Placement: impact on lower bowel tract function and clinical outcomes at mid-term follow-up
Robot-Assisted Sacro (hystero) Colpopexy with Anterior and Posterior Mesh Placement: impact on lower bowel tract function and clinical outcomes at mid-term follow-up
Overview
Robotic sacrocolpopexy (RSCP) is an established option for the treatment of apical, anterior, and proximal posterior compartment pelvic organ prolapses (POP). However, there is lack of evidence investigating how lower bowel tract symptoms (LBTS) may change after RSCP.
Data from consecutive patients treated with RSCP for stage 3 or higher POP from 2012 to 2019 at a single tertiary referral center with at least 1 year of follow-up were prospectively collected and retrospectively analysed. RSCP was performed following a standardized technique which always employed both anterior and posterior hand-shaped meshes.
Outcomes were collected at follow-up and analysed. LBTS were evaluated through the Wexner questionnaire. Overall, 114 women underwent RSCP. Eleven were excluded for missing data, whereas 12 had insufficient follow-up. Median follow-up was 42 [interquartile range (IQR), 19–62] months. Mean age was 65 ± 10 years. In our series, RSCP was mainly performed for anterior and apical/medium stage 3 POP (in 95.6% of patients). Anatomic success rate of and were treated with redo-SCP. No patient experienced clinically significant posterior vaginal wall prolapse after RSCP.
Of note, LBTS appear unaffected by posterior mesh placement, supporting its routine use to prevent posterior POP recurrence. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm our results.
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Following Partial Nephrectomy | Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Following Partial Nephrectomy
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Following Partial Nephrectomy
Overview
Partial nephrectomy (PN) is associated with a non-negligible risk of postoperative cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Identification of high-risk patients may enable optimization of perioperative management and consideration of alternative approaches. The authors aim to develop a procedure-specific cardiovascular risk index for PN patients and compare its performance to the widely used revised cardiac risk index (RCRI) and AUB-HAS2 cardiovascular risk index.
The cohort was derived from the American College of Surgeons – National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. The primary outcome was the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), defined as 30-day postoperative incidence of myocardial infarction stroke, or mortality. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed; performance and calibration were evaluated using an ROC analysis and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test and compared to the RCRI and the AUB-HAS2 index.
This study proposes a novel procedure-specific cardiovascular risk index. The PN-A4CH index demonstrated good predictive ability and excellent calibration using a large national database and may enable further individualization of patient care and optimization of patient selection.
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Instrumental dead space and proximal working channel connector design in flexible ureteroscopy: a new concept | Instrumental dead space and proximal working channel connector design in flexible ureteroscopy: a new concept
Instrumental dead space and proximal working channel connector design in flexible ureteroscopy: a new concept
Overview
The objective of this study was to evaluate a new concept in flexible ureteroscopy: instrumental dead space (IDS). For this purpose, various proximal working channel connector designs, as well as the impact of ancillary devices occupying the working channel were evaluated in currently available flexible ureteroscopes.
IDS was defined as the volume of saline irrigation needed to inject at the proximal connector for delivery at the distal working channel tip. Because IDS is related to working channel diameter and length, proximal connector design, as well as occupation of working channel by ancillary devices, these parameters were also reviewed.
IDS appears as a new parameter that should be considered for future applications of flexible ureteroscopes. A low IDS seems desirable for several clinical applications. The main factors impacting IDS are working channel and proximal connector design, as well as ancillary devices inserted into the working channel. Future studies should clarify how reducing IDS may affect irrigation flow, intrarenal pressure, and direct in-scope suction, as well as evaluate the most desirable proximal connector design properties.
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Could the vaginal wall sling still have a role after FDA’s warning? the functional outcomes at 20 years. | Could the vaginal wall sling still have a role after FDA’s warning? the functional outcomes at 20 years.
Could the vaginal wall sling still have a role after FDA’s warning? the functional outcomes at 20 years.
Overview
Aims of this study were to evaluate the functional outcomes of a vaginal wall sling technique in patients with stress urinary incontinence at 20 years after surgery and to evaluate the patient’s satisfaction after the surgical procedure.
This was a prospective single-center study on patients with stress urinary incontinence who underwent in situ vaginal sling surgery. Pre-surgery evaluation included history, pelvic examination, and urodynamic test. All patients completed Urogenital Distress Inventory–6 (UDI-6) questionnaire. They underwent checkups at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and then annually. The sling was created by making a rectangle (15–20 × 25 mm) on the anterior vaginal wall and it was reinforced by one roll of Marlex mesh on each side of the sling. The sutures were passed through the vagina at the suprapubic level after suprapubic incision, above the rectus fascia and tied without excessive tension.
From May 1996 to May 2002, 40 women underwent vaginal wall sling surgery for stress urinary incontinence. Last visit was performed on 20 women between March 2020 and April 2020. Median follow-up was 251.3 months (20.9 years) (range = 204.3–285.4 months). The success rate after 5 years of surgical procedure was 80%; over 5 years, the objective cure rate was 45%. Considering only the group of 13 patients with pure stress urinary incontinence, the objective cure rate decreased to 38%, in particular 7 years after surgery. Women who did not resolve their urinary incontinence needed to undergo a new treatment. At over 5 years after surgery, there was an increase in urgency (p = 0.001) and voiding symptoms (p = 0.008) and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) (p = 0.04). Ninety-five percent were very much worse or much worse according to the Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) scale. Conclusion: The in situ vaginal wall sling does not guarantee good long-term functional outcomes in women with stress urinary incontinence.
| 3 | | R480.00 | |
| | Cognitive function in patients undergoing cystectomy for bladder cancer – results from a prospective observational study. | Cognitive function in patients undergoing cystectomy for bladder cancer – results from a prospective observational study.
Cognitive function in patients undergoing cystectomy for bladder cancer – results from a prospective observational study.
Overview
Impaired cognitive function of bladder cancer patients plays a role in coping with the kind of urinary diversion and may impact perioperative morbidity. In this study we therefore aimed to assess the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in patients undergoing radical cystectomy. Secondary objectives included correlation of common cognition tests, assessment of the admitting physician, and perioperative complication rates.
Patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer were prospectively screened by neuropsychological tests including cognition tests [DemTect (Dementia Detection test), MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination), clock drawing test] prior to surgery. Mild cognitive impairment was observed in more than a quarter of radical cystectomy patients prior to surgery. Preoperative assessment should be supplemented by neuropsychological testing such as the DemTect as mild cognitive impairment is often underestimated and associated with significantly higher perioperative complication rates.
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Role of organizational psychology in dealing with human resources and the performance of the organization | Role of organizational psychology in dealing with human resources and the performance of the organization
Role of organizational psychology in dealing with human resources and the performance of the organization
Organizational psychology focuses mainly on taking care of corporate interests and the needs of employees. This seeks to provide a better life and better conditions for employees in their companies to help them be more productive and effective in their organization. This article focuses on how the organization is practicing the psychology of training and motivation for the growth of the organization.
This study was undertaken with the employees working in different organizations. The main focus is how organizational psychology creates an impact on the performance of the organization. This study was undertaken with the employees working in different organizations.
In this research, many participants agreed that motivation and training affect the employees’ performance. The outcomes revealed that organizational psychology has many roles in the participants’ organizations such as increasing the performance, the productivity, the efficiency of the employees and many others.
| 3 | | R445.00 | |
| | Do personal resilience, coping styles, and social support prevent future psychological distress when experiencing workplace bullying? Evidence from a 1-year prospective study. | Do personal resilience, coping styles, and social support prevent future psychological distress when experiencing workplace bullying? Evidence from a 1-year prospective study.
Do personal resilience, coping styles, and social support prevent future psychological distress when experiencing workplace bullying? Evidence from a 1-year prospective study.
Overview Although previous studies have identified that workplace bullying causes serious mental health problems to the victims, it is not yet fully investigated moderating factors on the association between workplace bullying and psychological distress. This longitudinal study, therefore, examined the moderating role of organizational resources such as supervisor support or coworker support as well as individual resources such as stress coping styles or personal resilience on the association.
The results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that workplace bullying was associated with subsequent increased psychological distress even after adjusting for individual and occupational characteristics, but its association disappeared after adjusting for psychological distress at baseline. After adjusting for psychological distress at baseline, greater resilience, greater seeking help, greater changing view, and lower avoidance were associated with lower subsequent psychological distress when being bullied. In contrast, worksite social support and family/ friends support was not associated with lower subsequent psychological distress when being bullied. A significant interaction effect of workplace bullying and changing mood was observed on subsequent psychological distress.
It was concluded that the effects or moderating factors were limited on the longitudinal association between bullying and mental health because psychological distress at baseline was the strongest predictor of subsequent psychological distress.
| 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Gaining a Better Understanding of the Types of Organizational Culture to Manage Suffering at Work | Gaining a Better Understanding of the Types of Organizational Culture to Manage Suffering at Work
Gaining a Better Understanding of the Types of Organizational Culture to Manage Suffering at Work
Overview
Organizational culture is a central concept in research due to its importance in organizational functioning and suffering of employees. To better manage suffering, it is necessary to better understand the intrinsic characteristics of each type of culture and its relationships with the environment.
According to the study by Schein (2010), the organizational culture is a pattern of basic values and presuppositions that are shared and learned by a group while resolving the problems of external adaptation and internal integration. Each culture represents a different set of values and presuppositions. All organizations have all four types but in different proportions. This is a typological model because it aims to identify archetypes using different effectiveness criteria.
Contrary to what most of the literature suggests, we found almost no relationship between the environmental variables and the culture types. Strategy and competencies, in contrast, do have a significant predictive capacity, showing 9 links with the Clan culture, 7 with the Hierarchy culture, and 10 with the Market culture. In conclusion, this study has found the important characteristics of the types of organizational culture that could be useful to better manage the suffering of employees.
| 3 | | R489.00 | |
| | The digital-era Industrial/Organisational Psychologist: Employers view of key service roles, skills and attributes | The digital-era Industrial/Organisational Psychologist: Employers view of key service roles, skills and attributes
The digital-era Industrial/Organisational Psychologist: Employers view of key service roles, skills and attributes
Overview The nature of the Fourth Industrial Revolution’s technology-driven work and business profoundly alters the foundational assumptions upon which industrial/organisational (I/O) psychologists in future will base their understanding of their professional roles in the modern workplace. The objective of the study was to gain deeper insight into South African employers’ views of the service roles, skills and attributes of the future-fit digital-era I/O psychologist. More research is needed on the service roles, skills and attributes that employers require from I/O psychologists as companies are transitioning to technology-enabled hybrid and flexible models of work. Digitally dexterous I/O psychologists should be at the forefront of technology and its impact on workplaces and the profession’s scope of practice.
The study adds to the Industrial/Organisational Psychology research literature and reveals the dire need for I/O psychologists to adapt and evolve their scope of practice services and products to ensure the continued relevance of the IOP profession.
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Effective Treatment Interventions for Patients with a Diagnosed Anxiety Disorder | Effective Treatment Interventions for Patients with a Diagnosed Anxiety Disorder
Effective Treatment Interventions for Patients with a Diagnosed Anxiety Disorder
Overview The aim of this study is to review evidence of treatment interventions for patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders. Anxiety is a condition in which the person has anxiety that does not go away and gets worse over time. Symptoms of anxiety interfere with daily activities including job performance, schoolwork, and relationships. Several types of anxiety disorders exist; however, the cause is unknown. Factors included in causes are thought to be genetics, stress, environment, and brain chemistry. In addition, anxiety disorders are also the leading cause of disability of all psychiatric disorders, causing a larger cost burden than other psychological disorder.
Conclusions of this study found that exercise programs are a viable treatment option for anxiety with ease of access and without added negative side effects.
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Expression beyond Words: An Analysis of Human Figure Drawing of Children and Adolescents with ADHD | Expression beyond Words: An Analysis of Human Figure Drawing of Children and Adolescents with ADHD
Expression beyond Words: An Analysis of Human Figure Drawing of Children and Adolescents with ADHD
Overview
Children’s' drawing are good indicators of emotion, self- esteem and social competence, as well as other personality aspects. Children in the phase of development, express their emotions more through images or drawings instead of words (Catte & Cox, 1999). The current study aims to explore emotional indicators in the drawings of children and adolescents with ADHD. More specifically, the objective of the investigation is to determine if there are gender and age –wise differences in emotional wellbeing.
Human figure drawing of 52 children and adolescents were analysed according to 5-category emotional problems The emotional problems were characterized as impulsivity, insecurity-inadequacy, shyness-timidity, anxiety and anger- aggressiveness. Emotional indicators amongst each category were analysed to find if they were linked to gender and age groups. Chi-Square analysis showed gender differences within the emotional indicators; boys who participated in this study manifested more anger related issues than girls, whereas girls showed more traits of shyness.
The findings suggested emotional wellbeing of children with ADHD increases with age, additionally while girls remain timidly shy, and boys retain aggressiveness. The findings have important implications for clinical and educational psychology.
| 3 | | R440.00 | |
| | Application of Biomechanics Based on Intelligent Technology and Big Data in Physical Fitness Training of Athletes | Application of Biomechanics Based on Intelligent Technology and Big Data in Physical Fitness Training of Athletes
Application of Biomechanics Based on Intelligent Technology and Big Data in Physical Fitness Training of Athletes
Overview
Physical training has a high degree of participation all over the world. With the opening of the era of national fitness, physical training has become more popular from the original specialization, and the complex training methods and contents have gradually become simplified. The development and change of physical training has also brought many problems to the professional training of athletes, such as high training intensity but poor effect, insufficient training posture, and long-term physical injury.
In order to help athletes achieve better results in physical training and reduce the probability of injury, taking sprint training as an example, this article adopted the sports and body data of elite athletes through intelligent technology and big data analysis, established a human motion model from the perspective of biomechanics, and then conducted a corresponding test run experiment for athletes.
In addition to the data analysis brought by the digital age, the study of biomechanics also provides good guidance for physical training. The innovation of this article is that it simplifies the amount of intelligent big data analysis without affecting the research results.
Journal Hindawi Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | The Effects of psychological interventions on well-being measured with the Mental Health Continuum: a meta-analysis. | The Effects of psychological interventions on well-being measured with the Mental Health Continuum: a meta-analysis.
The Effects of psychological interventions on well-being measured with the Mental Health Continuum: a meta-analysis.
The last decades experienced a rapid growth in the number of studies examining the effects of psychological interventions on well-being, yet well-being is often conceptualized and measured in different ways in these studies. Previous meta-analyses included studies with a plethora of different well-being instruments, which provides an ambiguous picture of the effectiveness. Furthermore, prior meta-analyses mainly included specific types of psychological interventions. The goal of the current study was to synthesize the effectiveness of psychological interventions in improving well-being as measured with one consistent and comprehensive well-being instrument, the Mental Health Continuum (MHC). The literature was searched for RCTs examining the effect of psychological interventions in both clinical and non-clinical populations that used the MHC as outcome.
The findings suggest that psychological interventions can improve well-being, and that different interventions have the potential to improve well-being. Effects also seem to be independent of other factors, including delivery mode, format or target group.
Journal Journal of Happiness Studies
| 3 | | R480.00 | |
| | Prevalence and Factors Associated with Substance Use Among University Students in South Africa: implications for prevention | Prevalence and Factors Associated with Substance Use Among University Students in South Africa: implications for prevention
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Substance Use Among University Students in South Africa: implications for prevention
Substance use is an important public health concern in many countries across the globe. Among the public, institutions of higher learning have developed a reputation for inducing new substance use among students. In addition to socio-demographic factors, substance use and abuse among university students often appear to be related to psychological stressors typically related to the demand to adapt to the new environment and the pressures associated with academia. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of, and factors associated with substance use among university students.
Findings of such studies show that the use of alcohol, particularly getting drunk and binge drinking, marijuana and non-prescription amphetamine, were considerably higher among university students when compared with their non-university attending peers.
It is hoped that the results, implications, limitation, and recommendation of the present study invokes increased focus and ignites novel or innovative thinking when undertaking research of similar nature.
Journal BMC Psychol. 2022; 10: 309
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Factors Affecting the Use of Speech Testing in Adult Audiology | Factors Affecting the Use of Speech Testing in Adult Audiology
Factors Affecting the Use of Speech Testing in Adult Audiology
The aim of this study was to evaluate hearing health care professionals’ (HHPs) speech testing practices in routine adult audiology services and better understand the facilitators and barriers to speech testing provision.
Results from this study found that the percentage of U.K. HHPs making use of speech tests was low compared to that of other countries. HHPs recognized different benefits of speech testing in audiology practice, but the barriers limiting uptake were often driven by factors derived from decision makers rather than clinical rationale. Privately funded HHPs used speech tests more frequently than those working in the public sector where time and resources are under greater pressure and governed by guidance that does not include a recommendation for speech testing. Therefore, the inclusion of speech testing in national clinical guidelines could increase the consistency of use and facilitate the comparison of practice trends across centres.
Journal American Journal of Audiology
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| | Hearing Loss, Tinnitus, and Dizziness in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | Hearing Loss, Tinnitus, and Dizziness in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Hearing Loss, Tinnitus, and Dizziness in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Extensive studies indicate that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) involves human sensory systems. A lack of discussion, however, exists given the auditory–vestibular system involvement in CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to determine the event rate (ER) of hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness caused by SARS-CoV-2.
Databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley) and World Health Organization updates were searched using combined keywords: ‘COVID-19,’ ‘SARS-CoV-2,’ ‘pandemic,’ ‘auditory dysfunction,’ ‘hearing loss,’ ‘tinnitus,’ ‘vestibular dysfunction,’ ‘dizziness,’ ‘vertigo,’ and ‘otologic symptoms.’ Twelve papers met the eligibility criteria and were included in the study. These papers were single group prospective, cross-sectional, or retrospective studies on otolaryngologic, neurologic, or general clinical symptoms of COVID-19 and had used subjective assessments for data collection (case histories/medical records). The results of the meta-analysis demonstrate that the ER of hearing loss (3.1%, CIs: 0.01–0.09), tinnitus (4.5%, CIs: 0.012–0.153), and dizziness (12.2%, CIs: 0.070–0.204) is statistically significant in patients with COVID-19 (Z = -4.469, p = 0.001).
Journal
The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Inc.
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| | Ototoxicity Monitoring in South African Cancer Facilities: A Mational Survey | Ototoxicity Monitoring in South African Cancer Facilities: A Mational Survey
Ototoxicity Monitoring in South African Cancer Facilities: A Mational Survey
National information regarding ototoxicity monitoring practices is limited for patients undergoing chemotherapy in South Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the national status of ototoxicity monitoring implemented in private and public cancer facilities, the knowledge and ototoxicity monitoring approaches implemented, and reported challenges.
All public oncology units reported that ototoxicity monitoring only occurs on referral and is not standard practice. All private oncology units indicated that monitoring is on a patient self-referral basis when symptoms occur. Poor awareness of ototoxicity monitoring best practice guidelines was reported by all oncology units and 14% of audiology referral clinics. Audiology referral clinics reported adequate knowledge of ototoxicity protocols although they are not widely used with only 43% following best practice guidelines.
The most prominent challenges reported by participants was referral system (67% oncology units; 57% audiology referral clinics), environmental noise (83% oncology units; 86% audiology referral clinics) and the compromised status of cancer patients (67% oncology units; 57% audiology referral clinics).
Journal South African Journal of Communication Disorders
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Loneliness, Ageism, and Mental Health: The buffering role of resilience in seniors | Loneliness, Ageism, and Mental Health: The buffering role of resilience in seniors
Loneliness, Ageism, and Mental Health: The buffering role of resilience in seniors
Ageism and loneliness are two relevant public health phenomena because of their negative impact on the senior's mental health. With the increase in average life expectancy, these tend to co-occur, which may increase the psychological distress (PD) of seniors. Resilience has been shown to be an important protective factor of seniors’ mental health, although its potential buffering role of public health risk factors with cumulative impact on mental health, such as loneliness and ageism, needs to be more studied.
Resilience was an important protective factor of mental health against the effects of ageism, and partially protected mental health from the effects of loneliness among seniors. It is suggested that resilience be considered as a factor to be integrated in future intervention programs for mental health. The practical applicability of this study is discussed.
Journal International Journal of Clinical Health Psychology Volume 23 Issue 1
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Influence of Prior Imaging Information on Diagnostic Accuracy for Focal Skeletal Processes: A Retrospective Analysis of the Consistency between Biopsy-Verified Imaging Diagnoses. | Influence of Prior Imaging Information on Diagnostic Accuracy for Focal Skeletal Processes: A Retrospective Analysis of the Consistency between Biopsy-Verified Imaging Diagnoses.
Influence of Prior Imaging Information on Diagnostic Accuracy for Focal Skeletal Processes: A Retrospective Analysis of the Consistency between Biopsy-Verified Imaging Diagnoses.
Comparing imaging examinations with those previously obtained is considered mandatory in imaging guidelines. To our knowledge, no studies are available on neither the influence, nor the sequence, of prior imaging and reports on diagnostic accuracy using biopsy as the reference standard. Such data are important to minimize diagnostic errors and to improve the preparation of diagnostic imaging guidelines. The aim of our study was to provide such data.
The sequence of the imaging modalities seems to influence the diagnostic accuracy against a pathology reference standard. Further studies are needed to establish evidence-based guidelines for the strategy of using previous imaging and reports to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Journal Diagnostics
| 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Toward Improved Outcomes for Patients with Lung Cancer Globally: The Essential Role of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine | Toward Improved Outcomes for Patients with Lung Cancer Globally: The Essential Role of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
Toward Improved Outcomes for Patients with Lung Cancer Globally: The Essential Role of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
Key to achieving better population-based outcomes for patients with lung cancer is the improvement of medical imaging and nuclear medicine infrastructure globally. This paper aims to outline why and spark relevant health systems strengthening. The paper synthesizes the global lung cancer landscape, imaging referral guidelines (including resource-stratified ones), the reliance of TNM staging upon imaging, relevant multinational health technology assessments, and precisely how treatment selection and in turn patient outcomes hinge upon imaging findings. The final discussion presents data on current global gaps in both diagnostics (including imaging) and therapies and how, informed by such data, improved population-based outcomes are tangible through strategic planning.
Imaging findings are central to appropriate lung cancer patient management and can variably lead to life-prolonging interventions and/or to life-enhancing palliative measures. Early-stage lung cancer can be treated with curative intent but, unfortunately, most patients with lung cancer still present at advanced stages and many patients lack access to both diagnostics and therapies. Furthermore, half of lung cancer cases occur in low- and middle-income countries. The role of medical imaging and nuclear medicine in lung cancer management, as outlined herein, may help inform strategic planning.
Journal JCO Global Oncology
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Childhood Adverse Events and the Long-Term Effects on Mental Health | Childhood Adverse Events and the Long-Term Effects on Mental Health
Childhood Adverse Events and the Long-Term Effects on Mental Health
There has long been an association between family history and mental illness; however, recently researchers have focused on the correlation between childhood adverse events and mood disorders, specifically bipolar disorder. This study shows there is a strong correlation between CAE and PB, specifically, sexual abuse in females, maternal separation, economic difficulty and a family history of mental illness.
The findings suggest that females that experience childhood adverse events may be at a higher risk for developing bipolar disorder and the clinical outcome of bipolar disorder may also be affected by the type and number of childhood adverse events.
The results also suggest that schizophrenic spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder are associated with different childhood adverse events. Females who have recollections of childhood abuse are at an increased risk for depressive symptoms associated with bipolar disorder. Psychosocial interventions that are geared towards limiting childhood adverse events may reduce the incidence of mental illness, specifically bipolar disorder.
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Diagnostic performance of tomosynthesis, digital mammography and a dedicated digital specimen radiography system versus pathological assessment of excised breast lesions | Diagnostic performance of tomosynthesis, digital mammography and a dedicated digital specimen radiography system versus pathological assessment of excised breast lesions
Diagnostic performance of tomosynthesis, digital mammography and a dedicated digital specimen radiography system versus pathological assessment of excised breast lesions
Breast conserving surgery (BCS) is an established treatment modality for early breast cancer, offering better aesthetic results and less morbidity, without compromising survival, compared with radical mastectomy. The aim of the study was to com pare the performance of full-field digital mammography (FFDM), digital breast tomosynthesis and a dedicated digital specimen radiography system (SRS) in consecutive patients, and to compare the margin status of resected lesions versus pathological assessment.
It was concluded that Tomosynthesis was superior to SRS and FFDM for detecting and evaluating the target lesions, spiculations and calcifications, and was therefore more reliable for assessing complete excision of breast lesions.
Journal Radiology and oncology
| 3 | | R480.00 | |
| | Diagnostic Accuracy of 3D Ultrasound and Artificial Intelligence for Detection of Pediatric Wrist Injuries | Diagnostic Accuracy of 3D Ultrasound and Artificial Intelligence for Detection of Pediatric Wrist Injuries
Diagnostic Accuracy of 3D Ultrasound and Artificial Intelligence for Detection of Pediatric Wrist Injuries
Wrist trauma is common in children, typically requiring radiography for diagnosis and treatment planning. However, many children do not have fractures and are unnecessarily exposed to radiation. Ultrasound performed at bedside could detect fractures prior to radiography.
Fractures are the third leading cause of pediatric hospitalizations in Canada. Distal radius fractures account for up to 25% of fractures documented in children. Distal radius fractures typically occur in children falling on an outstretched hand and involve the metaphysis or physis. Depending on the area of injury, there can be a multitude of fracture patterns that affect treatment planning. Therefore, when children present to primary care clinics or emergency department (ED) with suspected wrist fractures, radiographs are the standard of care as they allow for precise examination of the anatomy. In most hospitals, routine radiographs are performed on patients with wrist trauma, but only half of the imaging reveals fractures. With the estimated cost of treating pediatric forearm fractures at $2 billion per year in the USA, streamlining care is desirable.,Obtaining radiographs in ED typically involves sending the patient to a separate diagnostic imaging area, where they wait in an additional queue, and transferring them back, a process which can add hours to an ED visit. If clinicians could determine at bedside who has a fracture and requires an X-ray, systemwide radiation doses and costs could be reduced and ED visits shortened.
The high sensitivity of 3D ultrasound and automated AI ultrasound interpretation suggests that ultrasound could potentially rule out fractures in the emergency department.
Journal Children
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | 18F-FDG PET/CT for the Evaluation of Therapy Response in Hormone Receptor–Positive Bone-Dominant Metastatic Breast Cancer | 18F-FDG PET/CT for the Evaluation of Therapy Response in Hormone Receptor–Positive Bone-Dominant Metastatic Breast Cancer
18F-FDG PET/CT for the Evaluation of Therapy Response in Hormone Receptor–Positive Bone-Dominant Metastatic Breast Cancer
Despite increasing therapeutic options, breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Bone is the most common site of metastasis in breast cancer, particularly in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)–positive tumors. Bone metastases can greatly affect quality of life.In patients with bone-dominant (BD) ER–positive metastatic breast cancer (mBC), endocrine therapy (ET) offers a targeted therapeutic approach with a favorable toxicity profile.
Fluorine 18 (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT has shown promise for use in assessing treatment response in patients with bone-only or bone-dominant (BD) metastatic breast cancer. PET imaging with fluorine 18 (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) holds promise in monitoring BD mBC. By imaging tumour glucose metabolism, 18F-FDG PET circumvents the deficiencies of using the osseous reaction to tumor as a proxyfor tumor response.
Journal Radiology: Imaging Cancer
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | A 20-Year Review of Biomechanical Experimental Studies on Spine Implants used for Percutaneous Surgical Repair of Vertebral Compression Fractures | A 20-Year Review of Biomechanical Experimental Studies on Spine Implants used for Percutaneous Surgical Repair of Vertebral Compression Fractures
A 20-Year Review of Biomechanical Experimental Studies on Spine Implants used for Percutaneous Surgical Repair of Vertebral Compression Fractures
A vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is an injury to a vertebra of the spine affecting the cortical walls and/or middle cancellous section. The most common risk factor for a VCF is osteoporosis, thus predisposing the elderly and postmenopausal women to this injury.
This article reviews over 20 years of scientific literature that has experimentally evaluated the biomechanics of percutaneous VCF repair methods. Specifically, this article describes the basic operating principles of the repair methods, the study protocols used to experimentally assess their biomechanical performance, and the actual biomechanical data measured, as well as giving several recommendations for future research directions.
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Motion of lumbar endplate in degenerative lumbar scoliosis with different cobb angle in vivo: Reflecting the biomechanics of the lumbar disc | Motion of lumbar endplate in degenerative lumbar scoliosis with different cobb angle in vivo: Reflecting the biomechanics of the lumbar disc
Motion of lumbar endplate in degenerative lumbar scoliosis with different cobb angle in vivo: Reflecting the biomechanics of the lumbar disc
Degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) was defined as a coronal Cobb angle greater than 10°. DLS is a de novo scoliosis with no previous history and is mainly related to age with an incidence of up to 60%. DLS can cause severe symptoms, such as low back pain, radiculopathy, and neurogenic claudication. The pathogenesis of DLS is both complex and controversial. Intervertebral disc degeneration (DD) has also been implicated in the development of DLS.
This study explored the ROM of the lumbar vertebral endplate in vivo to reflect disc deformation using a dual fluoroscopic imaging system. It was reported that the repeatability of the method in reproducing in vivo human spine 6 degree of freedom. Intervertebral DD is believed to have a detrimental effect on the ROM of the spinal segments in degenerative scoliosis.
The study also aimed to investigate the relationship between DD and the ROM of the lumbar vertebral endplates in patients with DLS. We hypothesized that the ROM of the lumbar endplate would be different in DLS patients with different Cobb angles. DD can increase the ROM of the lumbar vertebral endplate in patients with DLS.
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Nerve and Arterial Supply Pattern of the Popliteus Muscle and Clinical Implications | Nerve and Arterial Supply Pattern of the Popliteus Muscle and Clinical Implications
Nerve and Arterial Supply Pattern of the Popliteus Muscle and Clinical Implications
The popliteus muscle (PM) is a small muscle that acts as a major posterolateral stabilizer of the knee joint, rotating the tibia medially under the femur under non-weightbearing conditions. As the PM acts as an important factor in the movement and injury of the knee joint, anatomical studies have been conducted with a focus on the femoral attachment of the muscle.
Muscular spasticity is common in upper motor neuron syndrome. Injection treatment is applied as PM spasticity has been confirmed in many patients with in-toeing. One of the treatment methods, botulinum toxin, is known to have a long-lasting effect when injected into a site where the neuromuscular junction is dense. It is also effective when injected near the motor entry point where the nerve enters the muscle belly. Thus, a suitable injection site is thought to be the tibial region because the muscle belly is the upper portion on the tibial area on the posterior aspect. In this study, we speculated about the injection site of the PM based on the above reasoning. An alternative method is the accurate palpation of the PM, which is necessary for posture correction therapy.
The aim of this study was to investigate the nerve and artery supply and the tibial attachment of the popliteus muscle using anatomical methods.
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | The Relationship Between Additional Heads of the Quadriceps Femoris, the Vasti Muscles, and the Patellar Ligament | The Relationship Between Additional Heads of the Quadriceps Femoris, the Vasti Muscles, and the Patellar Ligament
The Relationship Between Additional Heads of the Quadriceps Femoris, the Vasti Muscles, and the Patellar Ligament
Overview
The quadriceps femoris consists of four muscles: the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis. However, the effect of additional quadriceps femoris heads on the vasti muscles and patellar ligaments is unknown. The quadriceps femoris muscle (QF) is important in locomotion; the rectus femoris (RF) swings the leg forward when a step is taken. During walking or running, quadriceps muscles such as the vastus medialis (VM) stabilize the patella and knee joint. The QF is important in sport owing to its potential for injury, which can be painful and debilitating.
The aims of the present study are to determine the relationship between additional quadriceps femoris heads and the vasti muscles and patellar ligaments and to review the morphology of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius.
Journal
Hindawi BioMed Research International
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Reduces Leg Cramps in Patients of lumbar Degenerative Disorders: A Retrospective Study | Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Reduces Leg Cramps in Patients of lumbar Degenerative Disorders: A Retrospective Study
Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Reduces Leg Cramps in Patients of lumbar Degenerative Disorders: A Retrospective Study
Overview
Muscle cramp is fundamentally a medical problem but also a sociological and an economic one. Muscle cramps which characterized by the painful, involuntary, and paroxysmal contraction of a muscle are common and can occur in a wide range of settings and are a highly distressing condition. The symptoms lead to a decrease in the quality of life for patients and sometimes disturb the proper functioning of the entire body, stimulating the development of several complications and comorbidities. The extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been fully utilized in orthopedics, but there are few studies in the treatment of lower limb spasm and pain caused by lumbar degenerative disorders (LDD). This study assesses the influence of ESWT in patients with LDD.
It was concluded that the ESWT is particularly effective effect for patients with LDD. The use of ESWT has a significant long-term influence on the reduction of pain, leg cramps, and the improvement of the general functional state in relation to the conventional motor improvement program.
Journal
Hindawi BioMed Research International
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Five-Minute Cognitive Test as A New Quick Screning of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly | Five-Minute Cognitive Test as A New Quick Screning of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly
Five-Minute Cognitive Test as A New Quick Screning of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly
Overview
As old population is dramatically growing, the detection of early cognitive deficit will become increasingly crucial. Effective cognitive screening test with quick and convenient merits will ensure recognition of early cognitive deficit and timely intervention. This study aims to develop a new evaluation method for quickly and conveniently screening cognitive impairment in the elderly.
The five-minute cognitive test (FCT) was designed to capture deficits in five domains of cognitive abilities, including episodic memory, language fluency, time orientation, visuospatial function, and executive function. Subsequently, FCT efficiencies in differentiating normally cognitive ability from cognitive impairment were explored and compared with that of the Mini-Mental Status Evaluation (MMSE). Equipercentile equating method was utilized to create a crosswalk between scores of the FCT and MMSE. Further, the association of scores of the FCT and MMSE with hippocampal volumes was investigated.
Many screening tools are currently available, but no tools meet the four important requirements for widespread use in clinical practice or large-scale epidemiological studies — that is, capture a clinically acceptable range of cognitive domains, take short time to administrate (around 5 minutes), have high accuracy for detecting cognitive impairment, and incorporate visual recall, which is the earliest deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. The FCT is a novel, reliable, and valid cognitive screening test for the detection of dementia at early stages.
Journal
JKL International LLC Aging and Disease Volume 10, Number 6 URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6844584/pdf/ad-10-6-1258.pdf
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Exercise Interventions in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care: An overview of the evidence and recommendations for implementation | Exercise Interventions in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care: An overview of the evidence and recommendations for implementation
Exercise Interventions in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care: An overview of the evidence and recommendations for implementation
Overview
The poor physical health of people with mental illness has long been established. A 15–20-year mortality gap arises from factors such as the likelihood of developing noncommunicable diseases, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, reduced access to and provision of physical health care, and side-effects of medication.
This has been labeled an international human rights scandal, since a large proportion of this risk is preventable. In recognition of these disparities, international health bodies have produced guidance to address poor physical health, including the World Health Organization, World Psychiatric Association, and a Lancet Psychiatry Commission.
The use of physical activity interventions in mental health care for adults has a large academic evidence base and numerous examples of real-world implementation. However, the use of physical activity within mental health care for children and young people (CYP) has received less attention to date.
The key conclusions from this article, suggest there is an increasingly strong evidence base for the benefits of using physical activity interventions to improve, prevent, and manage physical and mental health outcomes in CYP with mental illness. However, more work needs to be done to improve the evidence base, refine its implementation into standard mental health care, and develop strategies for large-scale dissemination of such interventions across various care and cultural contexts.
The Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health JCPP Advances
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Tree of Life: A Tool for Therapeutic Growth | Tree of Life: A Tool for Therapeutic Growth
Tree of Life: A Tool for Therapeutic Growth
Overview
This paper presents a review of the Tree of Life (ToL) – a strengths-based tool rooted in narrative therapy – as an intervention for children and young people (CYP). Originally developed to support vulnerable young people in Zimbabwe, ToL is now used to support children and adults in many countries and contexts across the world.
This paper discusses key aspects of the tool, evaluates the evidence base of ToL with young people, shares the views of CYP and parents, and suggests implications for schools and educational psychology practice in the UK.
Journal
Educational Psychology Research and Practice Volume 7 Issue 1
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Joint-Preserving Surgery for Hyperextension Deformity of the Hallux Interphalangeal Joint in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis | Joint-Preserving Surgery for Hyperextension Deformity of the Hallux Interphalangeal Joint in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Joint-Preserving Surgery for Hyperextension Deformity of the Hallux Interphalangeal Joint in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Overview Sesamoiditis secondary to gout is an extremely rare condition with few case reports in the literature. It is an important differential diagnosis because the treatment depends on targeted therapy, unlike the main causes of sesamoiditis that often involves immobilization with special orthoses and prescription of anti-inflammatory drugs. This here is a case of a 38-year-old male, athlete, with bipartite medial sesamoid, who had insidious pain in the base of the left hallux. Laboratory tests showed no alterations, and imaging examinations demonstrated sesamoiditis with suspicion of stress fracture. The patient was initially prescribed an immobilization boot and analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs, but he did not respond to the measures taken. After the onset of the same condition in the contralateral foot and getting the same imaging findings, an investigation of systemic disease began, focusing on gout, because of a positive family history, which was confirmed by dual-energy computed tomography.
Authors Takumi Matsumoto, Yuki Shimizu, Song Ho Chang, Taro Kasai, Jun Hirose and Sakae Tanaka
Journal Hindawi Case Reports in Orthopedics
| 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | Bilateral Sesamoiditis as First Manifestation of Gout | Bilateral Sesamoiditis as First Manifestation of Gout
Bilateral Sesamoiditis as First Manifestation of Gout
Overview Sesamoiditis secondary to gout is an extremely rare condition with few case reports in the literature. It is an important differential diagnosis because the treatment depends on targeted therapy, unlike the main causes of sesamoiditis that often involves immobilization with special orthoses and prescription of anti-inflammatory drugs. This here is a case of a 38-year-old male, athlete, with bipartite medial sesamoid, who had insidious pain in the base of the left hallux. Laboratory tests showed no alterations, and imaging examinations demonstrated sesamoiditis with suspicion of stress fracture. The patient was initially prescribed an immobilization boot and analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs, but he did not respond to the measures taken. After the onset of the same condition in the contralateral foot and getting the same imaging findings, an investigation of systemic disease began, focusing on gout, because of a positive family history, which was confirmed by dual-energy computed tomography.
Authors Daniel de Oliveira Beraldo, Sasha Duarte, Gustavo Pacheco, Rodrigo Barbosa, Carolina Mendes, Marcela Silva, Fabiana Beraldo, Andrei Alkmim, Ricardo Teixeira and Alexandre Bonfim Journal Hindawi Case Reports in Orthopedics
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Congenital Unilateral Hypertrophy of the Plantar Musculature with Multiple Toe Deformities: A Case Report and Literature Review | Congenital Unilateral Hypertrophy of the Plantar Musculature with Multiple Toe Deformities: A Case Report and Literature Review
Congenital Unilateral Hypertrophy of the Plantar Musculature with Multiple Toe Deformities: A Case Report and Literature Review
Overview Congenital unilateral hypertrophy of the plantar musculature is a rare condition of unknown incidence. This article reports the unusual case of a 17-year-old man with this rare condition in combination with multiple toe deformities: hallux valgus, claw toe (second toe), and laterally abducted digitus quintus.
This case study is aimed at reporting a detailed description of the present patient and explains the rationale behind our chosen surgical procedure. Moreover, a review of the current literature related to congenital hypertrophy of the plantar musculature is presented to discuss its possible etiology as well as diagnostic and therapeutic regimen.
In summary, the procedure is aimed at relieving the hallux valgus symptoms, correcting its triggering factor, and preventing the patient from further symptomatic foot deformities, while restoring—and not destroying—the physiological muscular function by partial resection.
Authors Matthias Holzbauer, Stefan Rick, Marco Götze and Sébastien Hagmann Journal Hindawi Case Reports in Orthopedics
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Fabella Syndrome and Common Peroneal Neuropathy following Total Knee Arthroplasty | Fabella Syndrome and Common Peroneal Neuropathy following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Fabella Syndrome and Common Peroneal Neuropathy following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Overview The fabella is a sesamoid bone in the lateral gastrocnemius that is present in 10-30% of the population. Despite its high prevalence, the fabella rarely causes pathology leading to delayed diagnoses and prolonged patient discomfort when symptomatic. The fabella syndrome is often associated with a snapping or clicking sensation that is exacerbated by aerobic activates. Fabella pathology is rare but increasingly recognized as a source of posterolateral knee pain following TKA.
Initially believed to be unique to adolescents, fabella syndrome also affects older adults. When conservative interventions fail, surgical excision for treatment of fabella syndrome or fabella-associated common peroneal neuropathy has improved patient reported outcomes and returns to preinjury level of activities.
Significant mechanical alignment changes may create eccentric mechanical loads across the gastrocnemius tendon and embedded fabella. Furthermore, the correction of a flexion contracture with TKA may affect soft tissues posterior to the knee including the gastrocnemius tendon.
Authors Connor C. Diaz, Avinesh Agarwalla and Brian Forsythe Journal Hindawi Case Reports in Orthopedics
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Analysis of Dynamic Plantar Pressure before and after the Occurrence of Neurogenic Intermittent Claudication in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: An observational study | Analysis of Dynamic Plantar Pressure before and after the Occurrence of Neurogenic Intermittent Claudication in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: An observational study
Analysis of Dynamic Plantar Pressure before and after the Occurrence of Neurogenic Intermittent Claudication in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: An observational study
Overview Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) refers to the nerve compression syndrome, in which the spinal canal narrows and compresses the dural sac, spinal cord, or nerve root. The prevalence of LSS increases with age; it is about 9.3% in the general population and up to 47% in individuals older than 60 years.
Patients with LSS usually seek medical treatment because of walking disorders. The poor walking ability indicates severe compression of the spinal cord and nerve. Many recent studies investigated the gait patterns of patients with LSS. The findings revealed that the walking patterns of patients with LSS were different from those of ordinary subjects, mainly manifested by wide-based gait, increased gait variability, and balance disturbances.
In conclusion the results revealed that differences in the distribution of plantar pressure include patients with LSS that could present the posture of the lumbar forward flexion when walking and that the occurrence of NIC could affect the plantar pressure distribution of the patients with LSS, predicting the patient’s risk of falling to the anterior direction and to the symptomatic side. It is promising to provide a new objectively method for evaluating the walking capabilities of patients with LSS.
Authors Wei Wei, Chao Xu, Xiao-Jiang Yang, Chang-Bo Lu, Wei Lei and Yang Zhang. Journal Hindawi BioMed Research International
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Effects of Deep Cervical Flexor Training on Forward Head Posture, Neck Pain, and Functional Status in Adolescents Using Computers Regularly | Effects of Deep Cervical Flexor Training on Forward Head Posture, Neck Pain, and Functional Status in Adolescents Using Computers Regularly
Effects of Deep Cervical Flexor Training on Forward Head Posture, Neck Pain, and Functional Status in Adolescents Using Computers Regularly
Overview: Teaching is one of the professions where incidence and prevalence of neck pain is high. Prolonged use of computers, which has further increased due to online teaching amid pandemic, is known to cause neck pain and alter posture, while people with forward head posture (FHP) are prone to develop neck pain and related disability. Research has shown that impairment of deep cervical flexor (DCF) muscles leads to insufficiency in coordination, activation, overload, and poor support on cervical structures that further lead to development of neck pain and altered neck posture. The objective of this study was to see the effect of DCF muscle training using pressure biofeedback on pain and FHP in schoolteachers with neck pain.
This observational study was conducted at medical center in school premises. Fifty-five schoolteachers aged between 25 and 40 years with experience of more than 5 years were invited to participate in this study. Pain and FHP were assessed using NPRS and cranio-vertebral angle using digital photograph technique, respectively, at baseline and end of four weeks of treatment.
This study shows that although pain and FHP improved following conventional exercises in schoolteachers with neck pain, mean improvement was more significant among those who received additional DCF muscle training using pressure biofeedback.
Acknowledgments: Authors: Ahmad H. Alghadir and Zaheen A. Iqbal Journal: BioMed Research International
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Mixed reality applications in urology: Requirements and future potential | Mixed reality applications in urology: Requirements and future potential
Mixed reality applications in urology: Requirements and future potential
Overview Mixed reality (MR), the computer-supported augmentation of a real environment with virtual elements, becomes ever more relevant in the medical domain, especially in urology, ranging from education and training over surgeries. This study aimed to review existing MR technologies and their applications in urology. A non-systematic review of current literature was performed using the PubMed-Medline database using the medical subject headings (MeSH) term “mixed reality”, combined with one of the following terms: “virtual reality”, “augmented reality”, ‘’urology’’ and “augmented virtuality”. The relevant studies were utilized. It was found that medical students, urology residents and inexperienced urologists can gain experience thanks to MR technologies. MR applications are also used in patient education before interventions. For surgical support, the achievable accuracy is often not sufficient. The main challenges are the non-rigid nature of the genitourinary organs, intraoperative data acquisition, online and multimodal registration and calibration of devices. However, the progress made in recent years is tremendous in all respects and the gap is constantly shrinking.
Authors Gerd Reis, Mehmet Yilmaz, Jason Rambach, Alain Pagani, Rodrigo Suarez-Ibarrola, Arkadiusz Miernik, Paul Lesur, Nareg Minaskan
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Amygdala pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral Sclerosis | Amygdala pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral Sclerosis
Amygdala pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral Sclerosis
Overview Temporal lobe studies in motor neuron disease overwhelmingly focus on white matter alterations and cortical grey matter atrophy. Reports on amygdala involvement are conflicting and the amygdala is typically evaluated as single structure despite consisting of several functionally and cytologically distinct nuclei. A prospective, single-centre, neuroimaging study was undertaken to comprehensively characterise amygdala pathology in 100 genetically stratified ALS patients, 33 patients with PLS and 117 healthy controls. Our findings highlight that the amygdala is affected in ALS and our study demonstrates the selective involvement of specific nuclei as opposed to global atrophy. The genotype-specific patterns of amygdala involvement identified by this study are consistent with the growing literature of extra-motor clinical features. Mesial temporal lobe pathology in ALS is not limited to hippocampal pathology but, as a key hub of the limbic system, the amygdala is also affected in ALS.
Authors Rangariroyashe H. Chipikaa, Foteini Christidia, Eoin Finegan, Stacey Li Hi Shing, Mary Clare McKenna, Kai Ming Chang, Efstratios Karavasilis, Mark A. Doherty, Jennifer C. Hengeveld, Alice Vajda, Niall Pender, Siobhan Hutchinson, Colette Donaghy, Russell L. McLaughlin, Orla Hardiman, Peter Bede
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | INSPIRE: A European training network to foster research and training in cardiovascular safety pharmacology | INSPIRE: A European training network to foster research and training in cardiovascular safety pharmacology
INSPIRE: A European training network to foster research and training in cardiovascular safety pharmacology
Overview Safety pharmacology is an essential part of drug development aiming to identify, evaluate and investigate undesirable pharmacodynamic properties of a drug primarily prior to clinical trials. In particular, cardiovascular adverse drug reactions (ADR) have halted many drug development programs. Safety pharmacology has successfully implemented a screening strategy to detect cardiovascular liabilities, but there is room for further refinement. In this setting, we present the INSPIRE project, a European Training Network in safety pharmacology for Early-Stage Researchers (ESRs), funded by the European Commission's H2020-MSCA-ITN programme. INSPIRE has recruited 15 ESR fellows that will conduct an individual PhD-research project for a period of 36 months. INSPIRE aims to be complementary to ongoing research initiatives. With this as a goal, an inventory of collaborative research initiatives in safety pharmacology was created and the ESR projects have been designed to be complementary to this roadmap. Overall, INSPIRE aims to improve cardiovascular safety evaluation, either by investigating technological innovations or by adding mechanistic insight in emerging safety concerns, as observed in the field of cardio-oncology. Finally, in addition to its hands-on research pillar, INSPIRE will organize several summer schools and workshops that will be open to the wider community as well. In summary, INSPIRE aims to foster both research and training in safety pharmacology and hopes to inspire the future generation of safety scientists.
Authors Pieter-Jan D. Gunsa, et al.
Journal Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Blood-brain barrier pathology in patients with severe mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of biomarkers in case-control studies | Blood-brain barrier pathology in patients with severe mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of biomarkers in case-control studies
Blood-brain barrier pathology in patients with severe mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of biomarkers in case-control studies
Overview Blood-brain barrier (BBB) pathology may be associated with mental disorders. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to identify, evaluate and summarize available evidence on whether potential biomarkers of BBB pathology are altered in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, major depression and bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls. The findings implicate occurrence of BBB pathology in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, major depression and bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls. However, definite conclusions cannot be drawn, mainly because the investigated biomarkers are indirect measures of BBB pathology.
Authors Jesper Futtrup, Rebecca Margolinsky, Michael Eriksen Benros, Torben Moos, Lisa Juul Routhe, Jørgen Rungby, Jesper Krogh
Journal Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | The role of charting dental anomalies in human identification | The role of charting dental anomalies in human identification
The role of charting dental anomalies in human identification
Overview: An increase in awareness on dental hygiene among people through the years, consequently provoked a significant decrease in the occurrence of dental caries, and thus, a decrease in the number of dental restorations. This improvement of oral health affected the comparative dental analysis using dental treatments for human identification; hence, existing dental features or anomalies could act as unique identifying features. This study evaluated the awareness of dentists on charting dental anomalies by a dental charting task and addressed the importance of maintaining dental records for forensic and medico-legal purposes. The awareness of Forensic odontology among dentists was exceptional but the dental charting needs improvement. Only a few respondents submitted an Accurate or a Partially Correct answer and, as a result, an Atlas of Dental Anomalies was created to rectify this poor pattern of dental charting.
Authors: Jayapriya Jayakumar Scheila Mânica Journal: Forensic Science International: Reports
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Negative stereotypes as motivated justifications for moral exclusion | Negative stereotypes as motivated justifications for moral exclusion
Negative stereotypes as motivated justifications for moral exclusion
Overview: This article investigated the connection between moral exclusion of outgroups and on the one hand, right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), and social dominance orientation (SDO) on the other. It was assumed that both RWA and SDO would increase the tendency to place other groups out of the scope of justice. However, we also tested whether negative stereotypes about an outgroup’s threatening and norm-violating misbehaviour would serve as a justification for moral exclusion. These assumptions were tested in connection with Roma, Jewish, and Muslim people as target groups in the Hungarian context (N = 441). In line with our hypotheses, we found that both RWA and SDO had an indirect effect on moral exclusion mediated by negative stereotypes about the particular target group. The findings of this article suggested that negative stereotypes were more important legitimizing factors for RWA than for SDO. The results highlight the benefits of interpreting the process of moral exclusion as an outcome of motivated social cognition
Authors: Márton Hadarics and Anna Kende Journal: The Journal of Social Psychology
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Rise and Fall: The Unsuspended Revolution | Rise and Fall: The Unsuspended Revolution
Rise and Fall: The Unsuspended Revolution
Overview The following article reveals a fascinating link of intersections between the media, politics and social psychology, as all these elements combined to culminate in the #FeesMustFall protests at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits University) in South Africa in 2015. This study reveals the links in a chain of events recorded in print, photographic and video formats in the months prior to the protests.
The first is in a magazine interview given by Wits vice chancellor professor Adam Habib before the #FeesMustFall protests, the second is an Internet documentary featuring student leaders Vuyani Pambo and Mcebo Dlamini released a few months before the initiation of the protests, as well as the events captured during the campaign itself. In all these respective outlets one is privy to the internal dynamics of student politics at Wits university that all played a crucial role in the ensuing unprecedented protests and waves of decolonization in educational reform that were to follow.
This article seeks to explain the consequences of conflicting worldviews by reconciling these disparities with the impact that conscientization (Freire 1972) has for catalysing revolutions and effecting positive changes on multiple levels.
Author Bandile B Leopeng
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Self-reported use of family physician, chiropractor and physiotherapy services among adult Canadians with chronic back disorders: an observational study | Self-reported use of family physician, chiropractor and physiotherapy services among adult Canadians with chronic back disorders: an observational study
Self-reported use of family physician, chiropractor and physiotherapy services among adult Canadians with chronic back disorders: an observational study
Overview Chronic back disorders (CBD) are prevalent, costly, and among the most common reasons for seeking primary care; however, little is known regarding the comparative use of family physician, chiropractic, and physiotherapy services among people with CBD in Canada. Elucidating these differences may identify potential gaps in access to care and inform the development of strategies to improve access. The research objectives were to investigate patterns of health care use and to profile factors associated with self-reported use of family physicians, chiropractors, and physiotherapists among adult Canadians with CBD. This complex survey employs population weights and bootstrapping to be representative of the Canadian population. Following descriptive analyses, we used multiple logistic regression to profile self-reported health care use while statistically controlling for possible confounding effects. After adjustment, differential patterns of utilization were evident between provider groups with respect to age, gender, socioeconomic status, rural/urban residence, functional limitations, and presence of co-morbidities.
Acknowledgment Authors: Brenna Bath, Josh Lawson, Dennis Ma and Catherine Trask Journal BMC Health Services Research
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Machine learning based natural language processing of radiology reports in orthopaedic trauma | Machine learning based natural language processing of radiology reports in orthopaedic trauma
Machine learning based natural language processing of radiology reports in orthopaedic trauma
Overview This study was done to compare different Machine Learning (ML) Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods to classify radiology reports in orthopaedic trauma for the presence of injuries. Assessing NLP performance is a prerequisite for downstream tasks and therefore of importance from a clinical perspective (avoiding missed injuries, quality check, insight in diagnostic yield) as well as from a research perspective (identification of patient cohorts, annotation of radiographs). Datasets of Dutch radiology reports of injured extremities and chest radiographs were collected in two different hospitals and labelled by radiologists and trauma surgeons for the presence or absence of injuries. NLP classification was applied and optimized by testing different pre-processing steps and different classifiers. Performance was assessed by F1-score, AUC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. It was concluded that the deep learning-based BERT model outperforms all other classification methods which were assessed and founded that BERT NLP outperforms traditional ML and rule-base classifiers when applied to Dutch radiology reports in orthopaedic trauma
Authors A.W. Olthof, P. Shouche, E.M. Fennemac, F.F.A. IJpmac, R.H.C. Koolstraa, V.M.A. Stirler, P.M.A. van Ooijen, L.J. Cornelissen Journal Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical radiography practice: A systematic literature review and recommendations for future services planning | The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical radiography practice: A systematic literature review and recommendations for future services planning
The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical radiography practice: A systematic literature review and recommendations for future services planning
Overview Worldwide, reports and experiences indicate that there has been extensive re-organisation within diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy departments in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was necessary due to changes in workload and working practice guidelines that have evolved during the pandemic. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiography practice, service delivery and workforce wellbeing. The pandemic impact on radiography practice is broadly themed around: training, communication, and information dissemination; infrastructure, technology, and clinical workflow; and workforce mental health and well-being. It was concluded that globally, most radiographers received inadequate training for managing COVID-19 patients during the initial acute phase of the pandemic. Additionally, there were significant changes to clinical practice, working patterns and perceived increase in workload due to surges in COVID-19 patients and the consequent strict adherence to new infection protocols. These changes, coupled with fear emanating from the increased risk of the workforce to contracting the infection, contributed to anxiety and workplace-related stress during the pandemic.
Authors T.N. Akudjedu, N.A. Mishio, W. Elshami, M.P. Culp, O. Lawal, B.O. Botwe, A.-R. Wuni, N. Julka-Anderson M. Shanahan, J.J. Totman, J.M. Franklin Journal Radiography
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Society of Interventional Radiology Multidisciplinary Position Statement on Percutaneous Ablation of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Metastatic Disease to the Lungs | Society of Interventional Radiology Multidisciplinary Position Statement on Percutaneous Ablation of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Metastatic Disease to the Lungs
Society of Interventional Radiology Multidisciplinary Position Statement on Percutaneous Ablation of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Metastatic Disease to the Lungs
Overview The purpose of this study is to state the Society of Interventional Radiology's position on the use of image-guided thermal ablation for the treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer, recurrent lung cancer, and metastatic disease to the lung. A multidisciplinary writing group, with expertise in treating lung cancer, conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify studies on the topic of interest. Recommendations were drafted and graded according to the updated SIR evidence grading system. A modified Delphi technique was used to achieve consensus agreement on the recommendation statements. A total of 63 studies, including existing systematic reviews and meta-analysis, retrospective cohort studies, and single-arm trials were identified. The expert writing group developed and agreed on 7 recommendations on the use of image-guided thermal ablation in the lung. It was concluded that SIR considers image-guided thermal ablation to be an acceptable treatment option for patients with inoperable Stage I NSCLC, those with recurrent NSCLC, as well as patients with metastatic lung disease. Authors Scott J. Genshaft, MD, Robert D. Suh, MD, Fereidoun Abtin, MD, Mark O. Baerlocher, MD, Albert J. Chang, MD, Sean R. Dariushnia, MD, A. Michael Devane, MD, Salomao Faintuch, MD, MS, Elizabeth A. Himes, BS, Aaron Lisberg, MD, Siddharth Padia, MD, Sheena Patel, MPH, Alda L. Tam, MD, MBA, and Jane Yanagawa, MD Journal J Vasc Interv Radiol
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Radiology Residency Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic | Radiology Residency Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Radiology Residency Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Overview: Since March 11, 2020, when the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic, radiology department preparedness policies in response to COVID-19 have been published.
While operational preparedness is crucial in the functioning of the radiology department in this pandemic, academic institutions with radiology residency programs face an additional dimension in the realm of preparedness and response.
Alvin et al provided a perspective from radiology trainees on the impact of the pandemic on residents and fellows. The aim of this article is to provide specific guidance for radiology residency program leadership to prepare and respond to the residency-related impact from the pandemic, with focus on safety and education.
Authors: Alice Chong, Nolan J. Kagetsu, Andrew Yen, Erin A. Cooke Journal: Academic Radiology
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Radiology and Enterprise Medical Imaging Extensions (REMIX) | Radiology and Enterprise Medical Imaging Extensions (REMIX)
Radiology and Enterprise Medical Imaging Extensions (REMIX)
Overview: Radiology and Enterprise Medical Imaging Extensions (REMIX) is a platform originally designed to both support the medical imaging-driven clinical and clinical research operational needs of Department of Radiology of The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. REMIX accommodates the storage and handling of "big imaging data," as needed for large multi-disciplinary cancer-focused programs.
The evolving REMIX platform contains an array of integrated tools/software packages for the following:
1. Server and storage management 2. Image reconstruction 3. Digital pathology 4. De-identification 5. Business intelligence 6. Texture analysis; and 7. Artificial intelligence.
These capabilities, along with documentation and guidance, explaining how to interact with a commercial system (e.g., PACS, EHR, commercial database) that currently exists in clinical environments, are to be made freely available.
Authors:
Barbaros S. Erdal & Luciano M. Prevedello & Songyue Qian & Mutlu Demirer & Kevin Little & John Ryu & Thomas O’Donnell 2 & Richard D. White
Journal:
J Digit Imaging
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Society of Interventional Radiology Research Reporting Standards for Prostatic Artery Embolization | Society of Interventional Radiology Research Reporting Standards for Prostatic Artery Embolization
Society of Interventional Radiology Research Reporting Standards for Prostatic Artery Embolization
Overview Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) is a promising alternative to traditional surgical options for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, as with any developing area of investigation, there is a need to assemble consistent high-quality data that clarify the role of that therapy and allow for systematic analyses of multiple studies.
The objective of this Reporting Standards document is to define a consistent nomenclature and terminology with which investigators can communicate the results of PAE trials to facilitate subsequent comparisons of published techniques, embolic materials, patient populations, and outcomes. The intent is to systematize the reporting of PAE data so that higher levels of evidence can be sought. Reporting Standards are not intended to validate or recommend technical aspects of PAE, but to promote transparent, detailed, and uniform reporting of relevant data.
Authors Andre B. Uflacker, MD, Ziv J Haskal, MD, Mark O. Baerlocher, MD, Shivank S. Bhatia, MD, Francisco C. Carnevale, MD, PhD, Sean R. Dariushnia, MD, Salomao Faintuch, MD, MS, Ron C. Gaba, MD, MS, Jafar Golzarian, MD, Mehran Midia, MD, Boris Nikolic, MD, MBA, Marc R. Sapoval, MD, PhD, and T. Gregory Walker, MD
Journal J Vasc Interv Radiol
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Personality psychology in times of crisis: Profile-specific recommendations on how to deal with COVID-19 | Personality psychology in times of crisis: Profile-specific recommendations on how to deal with COVID-19
Personality psychology in times of crisis: Profile-specific recommendations on how to deal with COVID-19
Overview The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic posed a twofold global health threat: Besides the evident danger to human life, the corona crisis is also a psychological crisis. Psychologists worldwide have contributed to cushion the distress that is laid on many societies and enforce adaptive coping strategies. However, psychological support in the past has often been broadly applied, has not been particularly parsimonious and has often been focused on severe psychological stressors. In this brief report the development and application of a low threshold tool that generates personality-specific recommendations on how to functionally cope with the psychological challenges of the corona crisis is described. The tool gained widespread attention in Germany and many other countries and was well received by users. It demonstrates how psychological knowledge from personality and health psychology can be combined to be of very concrete use for many people in a threatening situation. It is also show that personality is related to health behaviour in a crisis in a meaningful way, providing further evidence that personality-specific advice can be a useful approach for supporting persons to cope with the crisis.
Authors: Moritz Michels, Andreas Glockner, Daniel Giersch Journal Personality and Individual Differences
| 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | Implementation of Real-Time Speech Separation Model Using Time-Domain Audio Separation Network (TasNet) and Dual-Path Recurrent Neural Network (DPRNN) | Implementation of Real-Time Speech Separation Model Using Time-Domain Audio Separation Network (TasNet) and Dual-Path Recurrent Neural Network (DPRNN)
Implementation of Real-Time Speech Separation Model Using Time-Domain Audio Separation Network (TasNet) and Dual-Path Recurrent Neural Network (DPRNN)
Overview The purpose of this research is to develop a model that can perform real-time speaker independent multi-talker speech separation task in time-domain using Time-Domain Audio Separation Network (TasNet) and Dual-Path Recurrent Neural Network (DPRNN). This research conducted experiments on some RNN architectures, number of batch size, and optimizers as hyperparameters in order to implement TasNet and DPRNN. This research also tried to analyse the impact of these hyperparameters setup on model performance. The expected result of this research was a more accurate model and lower latency to complete speaker independent multi-talker speech separation task in real-time than previous research model
Authors Alfian Wijayakusumaa, Davin Reinaldo Gozalia, Anthony Widjajaa, Hanry Ham Journal Procedia Computer Science
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | The psychosocial impact of surgical complications on the operating surgeon: A scoping review | The psychosocial impact of surgical complications on the operating surgeon: A scoping review
The psychosocial impact of surgical complications on the operating surgeon: A scoping review
Overview Surgical complications are common, and their management is an integral part of surgical care. The impact on the surgeon, the “second victim” is significant, particularly in terms of psychological health. The aim of this review is to describe the nature of psychosocial consequences of surgical complications on the surgeons involved. Following scoping review protocols, this study set out to identify the evidence-base for psychosocial consequences on the operating surgeon, predominantly general surgeons, following surgical complications. This review suggests that the psychosocial impact, following a complication, is variable but affects every surgeon irrespective of the level of impact on the patient. The main variables differentiating impact are severity, and outcome of the complication and seniority of the surgeon. Reported emotions and behaviours were generally negative and persist across the surgeon’s journey towards recovery. Surgeons who manage stress well exhibit largely constructive behaviours and actively work to recover. Identification of variables underpinning complications, and affected surgeons is paramount, as is the provision of services to support recovery. Efforts should be made to proactively prevent complications, via education, awareness and to formalise support processes.
Authors Manjunath Siddaiah-Subramanya, Henry To, Catherine Haigh Journal Annals of Medicine and Surgery
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Educational program in onco-urology for young urologists: What are their needs? | Educational program in onco-urology for young urologists: What are their needs?
Educational program in onco-urology for young urologists: What are their needs?
Overview The emergence of new communication media such as digital contents are progressively replacing more traditional medias in the field of educational programs. Our purpose was to assess urologist in training aspirations regarding urological education. Members of a national urologist in training association were sent an anonymous online questionnaire regarding their medical formation in the field of urology. Responders interest for urological sub-specialty or education support (new tools and traditional support) were evaluated through a 5-point Likert scale. Overall, 109 young urologists (26%) responded to the survey. Urologic oncology was a priority regarding education for urologists in training. A majority of participants expressed a lack in their surgical education, revealing a reduced OR access and underlining utilization of new tools such as simulation. New digital contents such as social media or podcast achieved high interest for the participants, instead of more traditional media. It was founded that there is a need for educational content evolve and uses new digital media. Authors U. Pinar, L. Fretonb, B. Gondran-Tellier, M. Vallée, I. Dominiquee, M. Felber, Z.-E. Khene, E. Fortier, F. Lannes, C. Michiels, T. Grevez, N. Szablai, F. Bardetj, K. Kaulanjank, E. Seizilles de Mazancourtl, X. Matillonl, B. Pradere Journal Progrès en urologie
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | End users’ rating of a mHealth app prototype for paediatric speech pathology clinical assessment | End users’ rating of a mHealth app prototype for paediatric speech pathology clinical assessment
End users’ rating of a mHealth app prototype for paediatric speech pathology clinical assessment
Overview Previous studies reported the efficacy of the implementation of information technology in clinical evaluation. No research has addressed the development of mobile applications for the clinical evaluation and diagnosis of paediatric language disorders. This study aims to investigate the usability of a clinical assessment mobile application (app) prototype, the ‘‘Paediatric Arabic Language Test” (PALT), to diagnose language disorders among paediatric patients. Using the Lewis Computer Software Usability Questionnaire (CSUQ) and a 5-point Likert Scale, data was collected and scored on the usability of the app prototype developed on two mobile platforms iPhone and iPad- across a general operating system, iOS. A sample of 77 potential end-users rated the usability of the app prototype that they used between 2017 and 2019. It was concluded that the prototype design was judged to be usable. Users reported an effective user interface that allows effective operation. Differences in the factor loading may be explained by cultural factors, type of task and field context.Authors Lamya Alabdulkarim Journal Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | A call to action for the inclusion of ENT/Audiology services in the public health approach to addressing non-communicable diseases in the Pacific Islands | A call to action for the inclusion of ENT/Audiology services in the public health approach to addressing non-communicable diseases in the Pacific Islands
A call to action for the inclusion of ENT/Audiology services in the public health approach to addressing non-communicable diseases in the Pacific Islands
Overview According to the World Health Organization (WHO), noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the single largest cause of premature mortality in the Pacific Islands. A major strategy among Pacific nations is the implementation of the WHO Package of Essential Noncommunicable Disease Interventions for Primary Health Care in Low-Resource Settings. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancers are the major NCDs that may be prevented or managed through modifications in health behaviours such as tobacco use, unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, and the harmful use of alcohol. The development of hearing loss is gradual, and initial hearing difficulties may be attributed to other causes by caregivers, such as lack of attention or poor concentration. Improvements in public health education and inclusion of routine ear/hearing health assessments in the care plan of people living with NCDs should reduce the burden of hearing disability in this population. Auditory rehabilitation services for people living with both NCDs and a hearing disorder should positively contribute to their quality of life, thus further reducing the burden of disability. This commentary argues that a public health approach to reducing permanent hearing impairment should similarly be adopted for adults, specifically through the inclusion of clinical and public health ENT/Audiology services within the existing strategic framework aimed at reducing the burden of NCDs in the Pacific Islands. This approach aligns with the World Report on Hearing which was launched on the March 3, 2021. Using the Pacific Island context as an example, this commentary further contributes to the discussion on prevention/management of NCDs as an avoidable cause of hearing disability among older adults.
Authors Annette Kaspar, Sione Pifeleti Journal Public Health in Practice
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Hearing-related quality of life, developmental outcomes and performance in children and young adults with unilateral conductive hearing loss due to aural atresia | Hearing-related quality of life, developmental outcomes and performance in children and young adults with unilateral conductive hearing loss due to aural atresia
Hearing-related quality of life, developmental outcomes and performance in children and young adults with unilateral conductive hearing loss due to aural atresia
Overview While research has shown that children with single sided deafness have a lower quality of life and developmental outcomes compared to normal hearing peers, little is known about these domains in children with unilateral congenital conductive hearing loss due to aural atresia. This study aims to investigate the hearing-related quality of life, developmental outcomes and educational performance in children and young adults with unilateral conductive hearing loss due to aural atresia. It was concluded that children and young adults with unilateral conductive hearing loss due to congenital aural atresia showed lower scores regarding hearing-related quality of life compared to normal-hearing peers. The result show similarities with children with single sided deafness. Regarding general quality of life, speech and language development and in social-emotional and behavioural domains the studied children and young adults seem to develop according to norm scores. It is important to observe these children closely as they may need guidance during education to allow them to thrive.
Authors A.L. Smit, Y.R.W. Burgers, H.F.N. Swanenburg de Veye, I. Stegeman, C.C. Breugem Journal International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Effectiveness of an Eye-Cervical Re-Education Program in Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial | Effectiveness of an Eye-Cervical Re-Education Program in Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Effectiveness of an Eye-Cervical Re-Education Program in Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Overview:
Proprioceptive training is popularly applied as a therapeutic exercise method in physiotherapy. Its effects on pain and range of motion are only poorly evaluated. Adults with neck pain commonly experience hyperalgesia of cervical muscles, as evidenced by a reduced pressure pain threshold (PPT). Pain symptoms are thought to worsen in response to prolonged static muscle activity and/or repetitive job tasks, causing muscle metabolic disturbances. The reduced range of neck motion (ROM) is another objective finding widely investigated in CNP. It could be argued that the optimal functioning of the cervical musculature is related to the ROM; changes in neck muscle activation that result in an altered stiffness distribution may affect cervical passive stability as well as the passive and active ROM.
This study assesses the effectiveness of proprioceptive training with an Eye-Cervical Re-education Program to decrease pain and increase the joint range in chronic neck pain patients. All patients were treated with a multimodal physiotherapy intervention. The experimental group was supplemented with an exercise program that included eye-cervical proprioception.
In conclusion the eye-cervical re-education program is effective at relieving pain pressure thresholds in the upper trapezius, right levator scapula, and left splenius capitis and especially effective for increasing the cervical range of motion.
Acknowledgments: Authors: Veronica Perez-Cabezas, Carmen Ruiz-Molinero, Jose Jesus Jimenez-Rejano, Gema Chamorro Moriana, Gloria Gonzalez-Medina and Raquel Chillon-Martinez
Journal: Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Professional YouTubers’ health videos as research material: Formulating a multi-method design in health psychology | Professional YouTubers’ health videos as research material: Formulating a multi-method design in health psychology
Professional YouTubers’ health videos as research material: Formulating a multi-method design in health psychology
Overview
Professional YouTubers are developing a new culture through which they stage health content in pervasive ways. The present article aims to provide a methodological approach to analyse this type of content by adopting a critical perspective in health psychology. To achieve this, the theoretical framework was defined. Second, a multi-method design combining narrative and visual analyses was formulated, as well as automatised linguistic procedures. The potential of this methodology through concrete examples was then illustrated. Implications of this methodology in health psychology are discussed with regard to healthism, a dominant contemporary trend that strongly values the individualised pursuit of health.
Authors del Río Carral María, Volpato Lucia, Michoud Chlo´e, Phan Thanh-Trung, Gatica-P´erez Daniel
Journal Methods in Psychology
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Climatic impacts on socio-cultural behavior, health and psychology of rural communities in South East Nigeria | Climatic impacts on socio-cultural behavior, health and psychology of rural communities in South East Nigeria
Climatic impacts on socio-cultural behavior, health and psychology of rural communities in South East Nigeria
Overview
Climatic effects on aquatic ecosystems are expected to have significant implications on communities using them as drinking water and food sources. The challenges have increased given lack of baseline study and inability to predict accurately how people respond to changing climate, given the variability, flexibility and creativity shown by communities under change. Using quantitative survey technique, 1000 residents in 4 communities were asked to strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree and/or strongly agree with range of statements. Climatic impacts on culture, behaviour, environment, psychology, health and other health related issues were investigated. Results showed strong relationship between the variables and people’s perception towards climate change. Residents health and psychology were mostly affected; suggesting that climate change poses significant risk to humans. Thus, sustainable approach on how to best deal with the changes/challenges are required
Authors: Ihuoma N. Anyanwu, Chinyere A. Nwajiuba
Journal: Environmental Challenges
| 3 | | R445.00 | |
| | Perceptions around adult and child sex offenders and their rehabilitation as a function of education in forensic psychology independent of traditionalism and perpetrator sex | Perceptions around adult and child sex offenders and their rehabilitation as a function of education in forensic psychology independent of traditionalism and perpetrator sex
Perceptions around adult and child sex offenders and their rehabilitation as a function of education in forensic psychology independent of traditionalism and perpetrator sex
Overview
Literature pertaining to individuals with sexual convictions typically reports punitive views about their crimes, sentences, and overall effectiveness of rehabilitation, with such perceptions partially driven by offence demographics such as victim age and perpetrator sex. This manuscript extends this literature through the exploration of perceiver characteristics of self-reported traditionalism and education in forensic psychology as mechanisms of perceptions and awareness. Participants (N ¼ 101; 60% forensic psychology students; 40% general public) read online vignettes related to sexual offences (manipulating perpetrator sex and victim age), and completed measures of perceptions of sex offenders, perceived rehabilitation efficacy and traditionalism. Members of the general population (without a background of education in forensic psychology) reported harsher views towards individuals with sexual convictions and their rehabilitation, relative to students of forensic psychology, independent of their greater traditionalism. There was no main effect of or interaction with perpetrator sex. Whilst participants endorsed more negative perceptions towards sex offenders of child than adult victims, this did not extent to differences in perceptions regarding their rehabilitation. Findings reported here indicate a need for greater understanding as to the factors that might moderate perceptions towards individuals with sexual convictions and have implications for the promotion of sex offender rehabilitation programmes. Understanding the root of such public attitudes is a key step for creating and improving associated policies.
Authors Megan Rothwell, Dean Fido, Nadja Heym
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| | Towards a Decolonized Dialogical Psychotherapy | Towards a Decolonized Dialogical Psychotherapy
Towards a Decolonized Dialogical Psychotherapy
Overview
In the following article the author argues for a new type of therapeutic approach which he termed “dialogical decolonised psychotherapy”, which uses similar concepts that are the foundation of Freire’s Pedagogy of Freedom (2000) and Martín-Baró’s liberation psychology (1996) and applies them to contemporary psychotherapy in South Africa.
This article focuses on the practice of psychotherapy in public and private settings. In line with this, the existing models of psychotherapy which utilise exclusively westernised frameworks by practising clinicians are regarded as potentially damaging to the therapeutic relationship in South Africa. He introduces “Therapy as Dialogical” and show how this approach is preferable in terms of building a genuine therapeutic relationship where all clients and psychotherapists are considered participants in creation.
Author
Bandile Leopeng University of the Witswatersrand
| 3 | | R445.00 | |
| | Advisor high-definition HD Grid catheter for mapping accessory pathways in pediatrics | Advisor high-definition HD Grid catheter for mapping accessory pathways in pediatrics
Advisor high-definition HD Grid catheter for mapping accessory pathways in pediatrics
Overview Intracardiac mapping of accessory pathways has continued to evolve and contribute to high success rates for catheter ablations in pediatrics, ranging from 78% to 98%. Pediatric accessory pathways are common and historically have had a high cure rate with ablation. There are new techniques and technologies being developed to potentially increase efficacy of ablation with improved mapping. With 3-dimensional electroanatomic mapping, increasing point density improves the accuracy of substrate prediction and modeling, particularly as the course of atrioventricular (AV) accessory pathways can be variable, with oblique atrial and ventricular insertion sites or multiple pathways that make accurate mapping challenging. There may be a role in utilizing open-window mapping and the HD Grid catheter (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) to delineate difficult or refractory accessory pathways in pediatric. The Advisor high-density HD Grid catheter (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) allows for bipolar recordings on 2 orthogonal planes among 18 electrodes to facilitate both the identification of small-amplitude high-frequency electrical impulses and the direction of impulse propagation. Although several adult studies have shown the utility of the HD Grid for mapping arrhythmia substrate including accessory pathways, there is no knowledge of studies showing the utilization of the HD Grid for mapping accessory pathways in pediatrics. In this case series, the initial experience utilizing the HD Grid for mapping accessory pathways in the pediatric population is described and finds that the new technology allowing for bipolar orthogonal electrograms can be safely used in the pediatric population.
Authors Michael Nguyen, DO, Johannes C. von Alvensleben, MD, Martin Runciman, MD, FHRS,Kathryn K. Collins Journal Heart Rhythm Case Reports
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | COVID-19 in Pediatrics | COVID-19 in Pediatrics
Overview In 2019, a novel coronavirus emerged called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Initially identified in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 spread internationally and became a global pandemic. Most pediatric COVID-19 cases were milder than in adults, but in the early Spring of 2020, a new inflammatory syndrome emerged in children who had evidence of prior SARS CoV-2 infection, called Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). As of March 2021, there were approximately 2,592,619 cases of COVID-19 in people under 18 in the United States and 300 deaths. Of all American cases, 2.1% were in children aged 0 to 4 years old, and another 10.2% were in those aged 5 to 17. Prevalence varies by age, with estimates ranging from 17% for children under 2 years old to 25% of children ages 6 to 10 years old, and 23% in 10 to 14 years old. The severity of the disease is generally lower for children, with only 1% to 5% of pediatric cases qualifying as severe versus to 10% to 20% in adults. This finding is thought to reflect the lower levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in alveolar cells, which is the mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 enters cells. Being older than 12 years and having a high initial C-reactive protein (CRP) are risk factors for admission to a pediatric intensive care unit, and high CRP, leukocytosis, and thrombocytopenia are risk factors for organ dysfunction. Viral load and young age, specifically children under 1 year of age, are other risk factors for more severe disease. This study describes the features, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric COVID-19 and MIS-C based on the data available at the time of publication.
Authors Case SM, Son MB
Journal Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Eliciting Emotion and Action Increases Social Media Engagement: An Analysis of Influential Orthopaedic Surgeons | Eliciting Emotion and Action Increases Social Media Engagement: An Analysis of Influential Orthopaedic Surgeons
Eliciting Emotion and Action Increases Social Media Engagement: An Analysis of Influential Orthopaedic Surgeons
Overview The purpose of this study is to analyse the Instagram practices of current orthopaedic surgeons and the components associated with highest reach and interactions. The top 25 orthopaedic surgeon Instagram profiles using the hashtag #ortho were ranked by the number of followers. Account information regarding followers, posts, engagement percentage, average likes, average comments, average video view, average video likes, average video comments, and estimated cost per post was recorded using social media marketing tools. An analysis of each Instagram profiles’ top 10 posts, based on number of likes, was conducted. The present investigation found that the most effective strategies to generate more interactions on Instagram are those that elicit emotional responses and provoke viewer engagement by asking questions and directing actions. Additionally, it was found that promotional content was not well received by viewers
Authors Muhammad J. Abbas, B.S., LafiS. Khalil, M.D., Abdulah Haikal, B.A., Miriam E. Dash, M.S.,Gauthier Dongmo, B.S., and Kelechi R. Okoroha, M.D Journal Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children and adolescents in the UK: a prospective national cohort study | Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children and adolescents in the UK: a prospective national cohort study
Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children and adolescents in the UK: a prospective national cohort study
Overview The spectrum of neurological and psychiatric complications associated with paediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection is poorly understood. This study aimed to analyse the range and prevalence of these complications in hospitalised children and adolescents. A national cohort study was conducted in the UK using an online network of secure rapid-response notification portals established by the CoroNerve study group. Patients were excluded if they did not have a neurological consultation or neurological investigations or both or did not meet the definition for confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (a positive PCR or respiratory or spinal fluid samples, serology for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, or both). Individuals were classified as having either a primary neurological disorder associated with COVID-19 (COVID-19 neurology group) or PIMS-TS with neurological features (PIMS-TS neurology group). The denominator of all hospitalised children and adolescents with COVID-19 was collated from National Health Service England data. This study identified key differences between those with a primary neurological disorder versus those with PIMS-TS. Compared with patients with a primary neurological disorder, more patients with PIMS-TS needed intensive care, but outcomes were similar overall.
Authors Stephen T J Ray et al
Journal The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Previous History of Knee Arthroscopy in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Examination of the Effect of the Literature and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2013 Arthroscopy Guidelines on Clinical Practice | Previous History of Knee Arthroscopy in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Examination of the Effect of the Literature and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2013 Arthroscopy Guidelines on Clinical Practice
Previous History of Knee Arthroscopy in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Examination of the Effect of the Literature and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2013 Arthroscopy Guidelines on Clinical Practice
Overview The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of previous knee arthroscopy in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) before (2005-2006) and after (2018) publication of landmark studies that examined the effectiveness of knee arthroscopy as well as the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2013 knee arthroscopy guidelines. In this study a retrospective chart review of 214 patients who underwent a TKA between 2005 and 2006 (Group 1) and 213 patients who underwent a TKA in 2018 (Group 2) was performed. The medical records were to determine whether previous knee arthroscopy was performed. The findings suggests that the recommendations set forth by landmark clinical trials that examined the effectiveness of knee arthroscopy and the AAOS 2013 knee arthroscopy guidelines did not have a sudden impact within the geographic region, however there is significant evidence to suggest a gradual shift in treatment, where knee arthroscopy is withheld near imminent knee arthroplasty.
Authors Melissa A. Kluczynski, M.S.., Griffin Lunn, Matthew J. Phillips, M.D., andJohn M. Marzo, M.D
Journal Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Adoption of direct discharge of simple stable injuries amongst (orthopaedic) trauma surgeons | Adoption of direct discharge of simple stable injuries amongst (orthopaedic) trauma surgeons
Adoption of direct discharge of simple stable injuries amongst (orthopaedic) trauma surgeons
Overview The importance of routine follow-up of several relatively simple stable injuries (SSIs) is questionable. Multiple studies show that direct discharge (DD) of patients with SSIs from the Emergency Department results in patient outcomes and experiences comparable to ‘standard care’ with outpatient follow-up. The purpose of this study was to evaluate to which extent DD of SSIs has been adopted amongst trauma and orthopaedic surgeons internationally, and to assess the variation in the management of these common injuries. An online survey was sent to members of an international trauma- and orthopaedic surgery collaboration. Participants, all trauma- or orthopaedic surgeons, were presented with eleven hypothetical cases of patients with simple stable injuries in which they were asked to outline their treatment plan regarding number of follow-up appointments and radiographs, physiotherapy and when to start functional movement. Clinical agreement regarding number of appointments and when to start functional movement was not reached for any of the injuries. There was clinical agreement on number of radiographs for one injury and for four injuries regarding routine referral to a physiotherapist. Despite available evidence, DD of SSIs has not been widely adopted worldwide. Practice variation still exists even for these common injuries. This variation suggests inefficiency and consequently unnecessarily high healthcare costs. (Orthopaedic) trauma surgeons are encouraged to evaluate their cur- rent treatment protocols of SSIs.
Authors T.H. Geerdink, B.A. Uijterwijk, D.T. Meijer, I.N. Sierevelt, W.H. Mallee, R.N. van Veen, J.C. Goslings, R. Haverlag, Trauma Platform Study Collaborative Journal Injury International Journal of the Care of the Inured
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Influences for Gender Disparity in Academic Family Medicine in North American Medical Schools | Influences for Gender Disparity in Academic Family Medicine in North American Medical Schools
Influences for Gender Disparity in Academic Family Medicine in North American Medical Schools
Overview Women physicians continue to comprise the minority of leadership roles in Academic Family Medicine (AFM) faculty across North American medical schools. This study quantified the current state of gender disparity by analysing academic position, leadership ranking, and research productivity.
A database for 6,746 AFM faculty members was generated. Gender and academic profiles were obtained for 2,892 academic ranks and 1,706 leadership roles by searching faculty listings enlisted in Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA) and Canadian Resident Matching Service (CaRMS).
The results indicated that women hold 46.11% (3,110/6,746) of faculty positions. The proportional composition decreased with increasing academic ranking (49.84% assistant, 46.78% associate, and 41.5% full professor). The same decreasing trend was demonstrated with leadership rank (57.14% minor leadership, 47.65% second-in-command, and 36.61 first-in command). Compared to their gender counterparts, women in AFM demonstrated lower publication productivity as measured by citation number (p=0.04) and years of study (p=0.008).
In conclusion it was found that the composition of academic family medicine faculty members included in this study demonstrated gender disparity. Inclusivity initiatives and policies to tackle the issue of female retention, promotion, and recruitment need to be further explored.
Authors Szu-Yu Tina Chen, Sabeena Jalal, Maryam Ahmadi, Kiran Khurshid, Nizar Bhulani, Ateeq U. Rehman, Aftab Ahmad, Jeffrey Ding, Terri-Leigh R. Aldred, Faisal Khosa
Journal Cureus
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Helping the Surgeon Recover: Peer-to-Peer Coaching after Bile Duct Injury | Helping the Surgeon Recover: Peer-to-Peer Coaching after Bile Duct Injury
Helping the Surgeon Recover: Peer-to-Peer Coaching after Bile Duct Injury
Overview Bile duct injury sustained during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with high morbidity and mortality and can be a devastating complication for a general surgeon. This study introduces a novel, individualized surgical coaching program for surgeons who recently injured a bile duct in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The course aims to explore the perception of coaching among these surgeons and to assess surgeons’ experiences in the coaching program. Six general surgeons who injured a bile duct at an emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy participated in a one-on-one coaching session with a hepatopancreatobiliary surgeon. The session focused on debriefing the index case with video feedback, and discussion of strategies for safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Peer coaching was identified as a valuable resource in helping surgeons regain confidence and maintain well-being after a bile duct injury. Maintaining a collegial, nonjudgmental relationship is critical in establishing positive coaching experiences. An individualized surgical coaching program creates a unique opportunity for professional development and may help promote safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Authors Alice ZhuShirley, DengBrittany, GreeneMelanie, TsangShiva Jayarama
Journal Journal of the American College of Surgeons
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Social Media Use Among Academic Hand Surgeons | Social Media Use Among Academic Hand Surgeons
Social Media Use Among Academic Hand Surgeons
Overview Social media has become increasingly prevalent among the general population in the past decade. We examined the current prevalence of social media use among academic orthopedic-trained and plastic surgery-trained hand surgeons in the United States. All publicly available hand surgery faculty across the nation were analyzed for their public social media usage, including Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and personal websites. Comparisons of social media usage between orthopedic-trained and plastic surgery-trained hand surgeons, male and female academic hand surgeons, hand surgeons from different regions of the United States (East, West, Midwest, and South), and years of experience were analyzed. Despite the widely known use of social media among plastic and aesthetic surgeons, this study shows the use of web-based marketing strategies to be quite rare in the academic hand surgery setting. The study shows that throughout the United States, academic hand surgeons use social media at low rates. It is suggested that academic plastic surgery and orthopedic hand surgeons throughout the United States consider having a larger social media presence to expand advertising, improve patient education, and enhance networking among their practices. Social media can be a valuable tool and will likely only increase in popularity in the coming years.
Authors Nihaal Reddy BS, Tyler Evans MD, Ryan Jefferson MD, Austin J. Roebke MD, Sonu A. Jain MD Journal Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | An integrative medicine case exemplar: The perspectives of a family physician credentialed in acupuncture | An integrative medicine case exemplar: The perspectives of a family physician credentialed in acupuncture
An integrative medicine case exemplar: The perspectives of a family physician credentialed in acupuncture
Overview Although the meaning of Integrative Medicine differs by individual patients, their demand for a more inclusive and integrative approach to care that utilizes both conventional and complementary medicine modalities has been increasing. Integrative medicine is an attempt to fulfil this growing demand for more holistic approaches to healthcare. One advantage of establishing a system that encourages more MCPs is that it allows patients to receive conventional and complementary medical care from one individual, but the time and expense of producing these MCPs poses a significant challenge in creating a pipeline of these individuals. If collaboration among clinicians was facilitated to provide patients with an integrative approach to their health care, this would allow the clinician to specialize in their area of focus; however, differing opinions and perspectives about how to care for the patient may pose significant communication challenges in the delivery of effective integrative care. Both approaches have the potential to create more access to integrative medicine for patients. Generous funding sources that create platforms for integrative medicine healthcare, such as The Bernard Osher Foundation’s support for Integrative Medicine, allow university–based community healthcare systems to generate research data that support evidence-based systemic change.
Authors Iman Majd, Paul S. Amieuxb, Sierra V. Cortes, Masa Sasagawa Journal Advances in Integrative Medicine 7
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| | Analgesic Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Treatment Combined with Fascial Manipulation Theory for Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder: A Retrospective Study | Analgesic Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Treatment Combined with Fascial Manipulation Theory for Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder: A Retrospective Study
Analgesic Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Treatment Combined with Fascial Manipulation Theory for Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder: A Retrospective Study
Overview: Shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal malady, and one of the most prevalent causes of shoulder pain is adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (AC), which may be associated with minor trauma, environmental stresses, autoimmune processes, or disease like diabetes mellitus.
During recent years, the critical role of the fascia in the pathogenesis of musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction has gradually been accepted, and there is a prevailing view that the myofascial system is a three-dimensional continuum wherein musculoskeletal disorders may be caused by changes in the deep muscle fascia, such as lack of sliding, stretching, and appropriate adaptation.
This study aims to explore whether extracorporeal shockwave treatment (ESWT) based on the theory of fascial manipulation (FM) at select treatment points is superior to traditional local ESWT for pain relief in adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder.
Acknowledgments: Authors: Xiangnan Yuan, Fenghua Zhou, Lixin Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhang and Jianjun Li
Journal: BioMed Research International 2018
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| | Acupuncture at Tiaokou (ST38) for Shoulder Adhesive Capsulitis: What Strengths Does It Have? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials | Acupuncture at Tiaokou (ST38) for Shoulder Adhesive Capsulitis: What Strengths Does It Have? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Acupuncture at Tiaokou (ST38) for Shoulder Adhesive Capsulitis: What Strengths Does It Have? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Overview: Shoulder adhesive capsulitis (SAC), which is also known as scapulohumeral periarthritis or frozen shoulder, usually refers to a chronic aseptic inflammation caused by injury or degeneration of the shoulder joint and articular capsule. The main symptoms of SAC are chronic shoulder pain and restricted range of shoulder movements. Despite the steady accumulation of evidence concerning the therapeutic effectiveness of acupuncture for SAC over the past several decades, the available reports are still contradictory. Tiaokou (ST38) is used as a crucial distal acupoint for treating shoulder adhesive capsulitis (SAC) in traditional Chinese medicine.
The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture at Tiaokou for treating SAC. Eight electronic databases without language restrictions were searched. All the literature was processed to identify RCTs comparing acupuncture at Tiaokou with other therapies (e.g., acupuncture at local shoulder acupoints and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Two reviewers extracted trials and collected outcome data independently. A meta-analysis was performed following a strict methodology.
This review found encouraging evidence for the effectiveness of acupuncture at Tiaokou for SAC.
Acknowledgments: Authors: Chao Yang, TaoTao Lv, TianYuan Yu, Steven Wong, MengQian Lu, and YiZhen Li Journal: Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
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| | Effect of Deep Cervical Flexor Muscle Training Using Pressure Biofeedback on Pain and Forward Head Posture in School Teachers with Neck Pain: An Observational Study | Effect of Deep Cervical Flexor Muscle Training Using Pressure Biofeedback on Pain and Forward Head Posture in School Teachers with Neck Pain: An Observational Study
Effect of Deep Cervical Flexor Muscle Training Using Pressure Biofeedback on Pain and Forward Head Posture in School Teachers with Neck Pain: An Observational Study
Overview: Teaching is one of the professions where incidence and prevalence of neck pain is high. Prolonged use of computers, which has further increased due to online teaching amid pandemic, is known to cause neck pain and alter posture, while people with forward head posture (FHP) are prone to develop neck pain and related disability. Research has shown that impairment of deep cervical flexor (DCF) muscles leads to insufficiency in coordination, activation, overload, and poor support on cervical structures that further lead to development of neck pain and altered neck posture. The objective of this study was to see the effect of DCF muscle training using pressure biofeedback on pain and FHP in schoolteachers with neck pain.
This observational study was conducted at medical center in school premises. Fifty-five schoolteachers aged between 25 and 40 years with experience of more than 5 years were invited to participate in this study. Pain and FHP were assessed using NPRS and cranio-vertebral angle using digital photograph technique, respectively, at baseline and end of four weeks of treatment.
This study shows that although pain and FHP improved following conventional exercises in schoolteachers with neck pain, mean improvement was more significant among those who received additional DCF muscle training using pressure biofeedback.
Acknowledgments:
Authors: Ahmad H. Alghadir and Zaheen A. Iqbal
Journal: BioMed Research International
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| | HIV and Aids | HIV and Aids
Overview
HIV disease is caused by infection with HIV-1 or HIV-2, which are retroviruses in the Retroviridae family, Lentivirus genus. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug paraphernalia, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), which can occur during the birth process or during breastfeeding. The patient with HIV may present with signs and symptoms of any of the stages of HIV infection. No physical findings are specific to HIV infection; the physical findings are those of the presenting infection or illness. Examples of manifestations include acute seroconversion manifests as a flulike illness, consisting of fever, malaise, generalized rash, generalized lymphadenopathy is common and may be a presenting symptom. This course covers the screening, diagnosis, medication and management of Aids.
Author: Sharespike
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| | Hypertension Part 3 | Hypertension Part 3
Overview Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. For patients who are symptomatic, however, uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure are true medical emergencies that require rapid intervention in the ED. It is therefore important to understand the disease of chronic hypertension and, perhaps more important, episodes of acute and uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure so that we, as prehospital care providers, can better stratify these patients into low- and high-risk groups that may or may not require transport to an ED for evaluation and treatment. As we will discuss, it is reasonable to say that not every patient who presents with hypertension is at high risk of morbidity and mortality and absolutely requires evaluation and treatment at an ED. This is not to say EMTs and paramedics should talk patients out of going to EDs for evaluation. Rather, we will strive to give prehospital care providers a better understanding of the risks involved with acute hypertension so they can better work with their patients to find a solution that is safe, reasonable and responsible for everyone involved. This article discusses the topic of acute hypertension, hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergencies in an effort to help EMS providers better understand these illnesses and help patients make the best decisions regarding their transport and care.
Authors:
Sharespike
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| | Hypertension Part 2 | Hypertension Part 2
Overview Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. For patients who are symptomatic, however, uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure are true medical emergencies that require rapid intervention in the ED. It is therefore important to understand the disease of chronic hypertension and, perhaps more important, episodes of acute and uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure so that we, as prehospital care providers, can better stratify these patients into low- and high-risk groups that may or may not require transport to an ED for evaluation and treatment. As we will discuss, it is reasonable to say that not every patient who presents with hypertension is at high risk of morbidity and mortality and absolutely requires evaluation and treatment at an ED. This is not to say EMTs and paramedics should talk patients out of going to EDs for evaluation. Rather, we will strive to give prehospital care providers a better understanding of the risks involved with acute hypertension so they can better work with their patients to find a solution that is safe, reasonable and responsible for everyone involved. This article discusses the topic of acute hypertension, hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergencies in an effort to help EMS providers better understand these illnesses and help patients make the best decisions regarding their transport and care.
Authors:
Sharespike
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| | Bee Sting and Anaphylaxis | Bee Sting and Anaphylaxis
Bee Sting and Anaphylaxis
Overview Hymenoptera stings account for more deaths in the United States than any other envenomation. The order Hymenoptera includes Apis species, ie, bees (European, African), vespids (wasps, yellow jackets, hornets), and ants. Most deaths result from immediate hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis. Severe anaphylactoid reactions occur occasionally when toxins directly stimulate mast cells. In addition to immunologic mechanisms, some injury occurs from direct toxicity. While most stings cause only minor problems, stings cause a significant number of deaths.
Target organs are the skin, vascular system, and respiratory system. Pathology is like other immunoglobulin E (IgE)–mediated allergic reactions. Anaphylaxis is a common and life-threatening consequence of Hymenoptera stings and is typically a result of sudden systemic release of mast cells and basophil mediators. Urticaria, vasodilation, bronchospasm, laryngospasm, and angioedema are prominent symptoms of the reaction. Respiratory arrest may result in refractory cases
This study aims to discuss the different stings, prognosis and emergency reactions and treatment thereto.
Author Sharespike
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| | COVID-19 among dentists in the United States A 6-month longitudinal report of accumulative prevalence and incidence | COVID-19 among dentists in the United States A 6-month longitudinal report of accumulative prevalence and incidence
COVID-19 among dentists in the United States A 6-month longitudinal report of accumulative prevalence and incidence
Overview In 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Dental Association released COVID-19 infection control interim guidance for US dentists, advising the use of optimal personal protection equipment during aerosol-generating procedures. The aim of this longitudinal study was to determine the cumulative prevalence and incidence rates of COVID-19 among dentists and to assess their level of engagement in specific infection control practices. US dentists were invited to participate in a monthly web-based survey from June through November 2020. The proportion of dentists tested for COVID-19 increased over time, as did the rate of dentists performing aerosol-generating procedures. Enhanced infection prevention and control strategies in the dental practice were reported by nearly every participant monthly, and rates of personal protection equipment optimization, such as changing masks after each patient, dropped over time. US dentists continue to show a high level of adherence to enhanced infection control procedures in response to the ongoing pandemic, resulting in low rates of cumulative prevalence of COVID-19. Dentists are showing adherence to a strict protocol for enhanced infection control, which should help protect their patients, their dental team members, and themselves. COVID-19 infections among practicing dentists will likely remain low if dentists continue to adhere to guidance.
Authors Marcelo W.B. Araujo, DDS, MS, PhD; Cameron G. Estrich, MPH, PhD; Matthew Mikkelsen, MA; Rachel Morrissey, MPA; Brittany Harrison, MA; Maria L. Geisinger, DDS, MS; Effie Ioannidou, DDS, MDS; Marko Vujicic Journal JADA
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| | Oral Health and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Unique Collaboration between Dentistry and Occupational Therapy | Oral Health and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Unique Collaboration between Dentistry and Occupational Therapy
Oral Health and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Unique Collaboration between Dentistry and Occupational Therapy
Overview Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are at risk for oral health disparities. With the dramatic rise in ASD prevalence to 1 in 54 children, it is likely that an increasing number of dental practitioners will encounter or be asked to treat children with ASD. This paper reviews explanations related to the increasing prevalence of ASD, provides reasons why children with ASD are at increased risk for poor oral health, and discusses unique interprofessional collaborations between dental practitioners and occupational therapists. Occupational therapists and dentists can work together to plan modifications to the dental environment or adapt dental protocols to reduce some of the barriers encountered by those with ASD, provide desensitization strategies before the clinic visit, or help a child with emotional regulation during clinical treatments.
Authors Dominique H. Como,Leah I. Stein Duker, José C. Polido and Sharon A. Cermak Journal Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health
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| | SOPEZ: Study for the optimization of ergonomics in the dental practice - musculoskeletal disorders in dentists and dental assistants: a study protocol | SOPEZ: Study for the optimization of ergonomics in the dental practice - musculoskeletal disorders in dentists and dental assistants: a study protocol
SOPEZ: Study for the optimization of ergonomics in the dental practice - musculoskeletal disorders in dentists and dental assistants: a study protocol
Overview: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are common among dental professionals. The most common areas affected are the trunk, neck, shoulders and wrists. Current evidence suggests that the causes of MSD can be found in the physical demands of the profession. Posture and movement during treatment is influenced by the arrangement of the treatment concept (patient chair, equipment and cabinets). It has not been investigated whether the ergonomic risk differs between the treatment concepts. For the first time, objective and differentiated comparisons between the four treatment concepts are possible for different fields of dental specialization. Up to now, statically held positions of the trunk and proximal upper extremities, but also the repetitive movements of the hands have been considered a risk for MSD. Since both are included in the RULA, dental activities can be assessed in a detailed but also global manner with regard to ergonomic risks.
Authors: Ohlendorf et al. Journal: Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology
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| | Amebiasis | Amebiasis
Overview Amebiasis is caused by Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan that is found worldwide. The highest prevalence of amebiasis is in developing countries where barriers between human faeces and food and water supplies are inadequate.
Although most cases of amebiasis are asymptomatic, dysentery and invasive extraintestinal disease can occur. Amebic liver abscess is the most common manifestation of invasive amebiasis, but other organs can also be involved, including pleuropulmonary, cardiac, cerebral, renal, genitourinary, peritoneal, and cutaneous sites. In developed countries, amebiasis primarily affects migrants from and travellers to endemic regions, men who have sex with men, and immunosuppressed or institutionalized individuals.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has classified E histolytica as a category B biodefense pathogen because of its low infectious dose, environmental stability, resistance to chlorine, and ease of dissemination through contamination of food and water supplies.
E histolytica is transmitted via ingestion of the cystic form (infective stage) of the protozoa. Viable in the environment for weeks to months, cysts can be found in soil contaminated with faecal, fertilizer, or water or on the contaminated hands of food handlers. Faecal-oral transmission can also occur in the setting of anal sexual practices or direct rectal inoculation through colonic irrigation devices.
Author Sharespike
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| | Asthma Exacerbation Part 2 | Asthma Exacerbation Part 2
Asthma Exacerbation Part 2
Overview
Asthma is a common chronic disease worldwide and affects approximately 26 million persons in the United States. It is the most common chronic disease in childhood, affecting an estimated 7 million children, and it is a common cause of hospitalization for children in the United States.
The pathophysiology of asthma is complex and involves airway inflammation, intermittent airflow obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The mechanism of inflammation in asthma may be acute, subacute, or chronic, and the presence of airway edema and mucus secretion also contributes to airflow obstruction and bronchial reactivity. Varying degrees of mononuclear cell and eosinophil infiltration, mucus hypersecretion, desquamation of the epithelium, smooth muscle hyperplasia, and airway remodelling are present. Physical findings vary with the severity of the asthma and with the absence or presence of an acute episode and its severity. Pharmacologic management includes the use of relief and control agents.
Author Sharespike
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| | Asthma Exacerbation Part 1 | Asthma Exacerbation Part 1
Asthma Exacerbation Part 1
Overview
Asthma is a common chronic disease worldwide and affects approximately 26 million persons in the United States. It is the most common chronic disease in childhood, affecting an estimated 7 million children, and it is a common cause of hospitalization for children in the United States.
The pathophysiology of asthma is complex and involves airway inflammation, intermittent airflow obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The mechanism of inflammation in asthma may be acute, subacute, or chronic, and the presence of airway edema and mucus secretion also contributes to airflow obstruction and bronchial reactivity. Varying degrees of mononuclear cell and eosinophil infiltration, mucus hypersecretion, desquamation of the epithelium, smooth muscle hyperplasia, and airway remodelling are present. Physical findings vary with the severity of the asthma and with the absence or presence of an acute episode and its severity. Pharmacologic management includes the use of relief and control agents. Author Sharespike
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| | Acute Leukemia Part 2 | Acute Leukemia Part 2
Overview There are various forms of acute Leukemia of which most of these are discussed in Parts 1 and 2 of this study. In Part 2 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is disccused. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (acute lymphocytic leukemia, ALL) is a malignant (clonal) disease of the bone marrow in which early lymphoid precursors proliferate and replace the normal hematopoietic cells of the marrow. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of cancer and leukemia in children in the United States. Median age at diagnosis is 16 years. ALL accounts for 74% of pediatric leukemia cases. Historically, patients with ALL were divided into three prognostic groups: good risk, intermediate risk, and poor risk.
In adults, ALL is less common than acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The American Cancer Society estimates that 6150 cases of ALL (adult and pediatric) will occur in the United States in 2020, resulting in 1520 deaths. The estimated 5-year survival is 68.6%. The favourable survival rate is due to the high cure rate of ALL in children. Prognosis declines with increasing age, and the median age at death is 56 years. Only 20-40% of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are cured with current treatment regimens.
The diagnosis, treatment and effects of Leukemia are addressed here in Part 2.
Author Sharespike
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| | Acute Leukemia Part 1 | Acute Leukemia Part 1
Overview There are various forms of acute Leukemia of which most of these are discussed in Parts 1 and 2 of this study. In Part 1 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia is disccused. This is a malignant (clonal) disease of the bone marrow in which early lymphoid precursors proliferate and replace the normal hematopoietic cells of the marrow. A proposed mechanism for some cases of childhood ALL is a two-step process of genetic mutation and exposure to infection. In contrast, most adults with ALL have no identifiable risk factors.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a unique subtype of acute leukemia characterized by abnormal proliferation of promyelocytes, life-threatening coagulopathy, and the chromosome translocation. The discovery and elucidation of the molecular pathogenesis for APL has led to the introduction of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) therapies, which improved the prognosis of APL patients significantly.
The diagnosis, treatment and effects of these types of Leukemia are addressed.
Author Sharespike
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| | Dentist Job Satisfaction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | Dentist Job Satisfaction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Dentist Job Satisfaction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Overview Because of the heterogeneous nature of the evidence regarding dentists’ job satisfaction, an overview was necessary to examine dentists’ level of job satisfaction and to determine related work environmental factors. Nine studies were included from the 1987 initially retrieved. Among the included studies, 5 exhibited a neutral level of satisfaction and originated from China, South Korea, Egypt, and the United States, and 3 studies from Canada, Lithuania, and the United States showed a high level of satisfaction. Only 1 study did not report the mean job satisfaction score. According to bias evaluation, 9 studies were considered low risk. The findings showed that dentists were satisfied with their jobs at a moderate to high level, and specialists were more satisfied than general dentists. Regarding work environmental factors, the 6 most satisfied factors were patient relationships, respect, delivery of care, staff, professional relationship, and professional environment. Five of the least satisfied factors were personal time, stress, income, practice management, and professional time.
Authors Van Nhat Thang Le, Minh-Huy Dang, Jae-Gon Kim, Yeon-Mi Yang, Dae-Woo Lee
Journal: International Dental Journal
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | The role of the dentist in the diagnosis and management of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea | The role of the dentist in the diagnosis and management of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
The role of the dentist in the diagnosis and management of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
Overview
The objective of this article is to review the role of the dentist in the early diagnosis of pediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and to provide an in-depth review of the best evidence-based practices available to treat and/or to refer these patients for intervention. A narrative review was performed using indexed data bases (PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, OVID, Scopus and Cochrane) up to year 2020, and approximately 1000 articles were reviewed. The articles included were those with the best information provided.
Detailed review of the literature suggests that the role of the dentist has been redefined owing to their expertise in the orofacial region. Every patient consulting a dental practice is not merely a dental patient; he/she also requires a comprehensive medical review. The role of the dentist is pivotal in pediatric patients once diagnosed with OSA; as the patients grow, growth modification can be achieved, and future management will be easier. Initiating dental treatments during growth can benefit patients two-fold, saving them from malocclusion, and intervening in orofacial structural growth can help to avoid cumbersome treatments, such as CPAP and various surgeries. Proper diagnosis and management of systemic illnesses can prevent compromised quality of life, delays in treatment, morbidity and, in some cases, mortality.
Authors: Hafiz M. Moin Anwer, Hamad N. Albagieh, Mythili Kalladka, Harmeet K. Chiang, Shaima Malik , Sean W. McLaren, Junad Khan
Journal: Saudi Dental Journal
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| | Differences in the Knowledge and Experience of Physicians and Dentists About Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Osteoporotic Patients | Differences in the Knowledge and Experience of Physicians and Dentists About Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Osteoporotic Patients
Differences in the Knowledge and Experience of Physicians and Dentists About Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Osteoporotic Patients
Overview Prevention of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in patients with osteoporosis requires the cooperation of physicians and dentists. This study investigated the knowledge, experience, and behaviour related to medical and dental cooperation for MRONJ prevention in patients with osteoporosis between physicians and dentists practising in the Shiga prefecture. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the cooperation between practising physicians and dentists for preventing osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in patients with osteoporosis using 2 separate questionnaires from July 28, 2018, to February 3, 2019. The behaviour of physicians and dentists was insufficient to enable medical and dental cooperation for the prevention of MRONJ in patients with osteoporosis. The lack of cooperation between physicians and dentists during osteoporosis treatment is documented in this study.
Authors Masashi Yamori, Mitsumasa Tamura, Masaki Mikami, Toshio Mori, Masaharu Noi, Yoshisato Machida, Shinya Koshinuma, Gaku Yamamoto Journal International Dental Journal
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| | Knowledge and Practice Regarding Oral Cancer: A Study Among Dentists in Jakarta, Indonesia | Knowledge and Practice Regarding Oral Cancer: A Study Among Dentists in Jakarta, Indonesia
Knowledge and Practice Regarding Oral Cancer: A Study Among Dentists in Jakarta, Indonesia
Overview The aim of this study was to assess dentists' knowledge of risk factors and diagnostic procedures related to oral cancer (OC) and to determine the factors that influenced their level of knowledge. A modified version of a questionnaire that had been used to assess dentists’ knowledge regarding OC in Canada was used. A total of 816 dentists were invited to participate in the study. The total response rate was 49.2%; however, the number of dentists from 5 regions in Jakarta were equally represented. Use of tobacco or alcohol and history of previous OC were the top 3 risk factors that were answered correctly by dentists, but there was a high proportion of dentists who considered some without any evidence as risk factors. Almost half of the dentists did not know the early signs of OC and that erythroplakia and leukoplakia were associated with increased risks of developing OC. Only about 27% of dentists had a high level of knowledge of risk factors and fewer dentists demonstrated a good knowledge of diagnostic procedures. Dentists’ age group, year of graduation, and experience of continuing education significantly influenced the level of knowledge of diagnostic procedures. Dentists in Jakarta had a considerable level of knowledge of major risk factors of OC, although some gaps in their knowledge, especially in diagnostic procedures, were present. Increasing these competencies may aid in the prevention and early detection of OC. Authors: Yuniardini Septorini Wimardhani, Saman Warnakulasuriya, Indriasti Indah Wardhany, Selvia Syahzaman, Yohana Agustina, Diah Ayu Maharani Journal: International Dental Journal
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| | Local Anaesthesia in Dentistry: A Review | Local Anaesthesia in Dentistry: A Review
Local Anaesthesia in Dentistry: A Review
Overview: Over the past century, there is perhaps no greater contribution to the practice of clinical dentistry than the development and application of local anaesthesia. What were once considered painful procedures have now been made routine by the deposition and action of local anaesthetics. An average dentist will administer over 1,500 cartridges of dental local anaesthetic a year. As such, anyone administering this drug should be intimately familiar with what the drug does to the body, as well as what the body does to that drug.
This article will serve as a review of basic pharmacological principles of local anaesthesia, subsequent sequelae that can arise from their use, considerations when using local anaesthetics, and recent advances in the delivery of local anaesthetics.
It was concluded that this article should serve as a baseline for understanding that general dental practitioners possess for safe treatment of patients. Clinicians are encouraged to continue to expand both their didactic knowledge and practical clinical skills through advanced reading, discussion with colleagues, continuing education courses and treatment of patients.
Authors: Derek Decloux, Aviv Ouanounou Journal: International Dental Journal
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | General Anxiety in Dental Staff and Hemodynamic Changes over Endodontists’ Workday during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Prospective Longitudinal Study | General Anxiety in Dental Staff and Hemodynamic Changes over Endodontists’ Workday during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
General Anxiety in Dental Staff and Hemodynamic Changes over Endodontists’ Workday during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Overview The aim of this study was to assess general anxiety levels in endodontists and dental assistants related to different conditions during the pandemic and lockdown and to evaluate hemodynamic changes in endodontists’ heart rate (HR), blood pressure, and blood oxygenation during their workday. Anxiety levels in endodontists and dental assistants were recorded weekly during the state of alarm declared because of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Hemodynamic parameters were monitored using a sphygmomanometer for HR and blood pressure and a pulse oximeter for oxygen saturation.
Measurements were taken before and after each root canal treatment as well as on arrival at the clinic and at the end of the working day. Rest data, recorded every Saturday, served as a control. Endodontists perceived higher anxiety levels of anxiety during anaesthesia inoculation and dental assistants during the dental unit’s disinfection and equipment material. There was a significant increase in the cardiovascular response in all endodontists in the clinic registrations compared with rest data. Values were higher in the strict confinement period and significant for HR when arriving at the clinic.
Levels of general anxiety were higher during the first weeks. The chief perceived factors related to anxiety in endodontists and dental assistants were the risk of contagion and protection measures. Higher HR and blood pressure levels were registered during the workday, especially when arriving at the clinic.
Authors Juan Gonzalo Olivieri, Carlota de Espana, Marc Encinas, * XavierFructuos Ruiz, Queralt Miro, Jordi Ortega-Martinez, Fernando Dur anSindreu, Journal Journal of Endodontics
| 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Occupational health practices among dental care professionals before and during the COVID-19 pandemic | Occupational health practices among dental care professionals before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Occupational health practices among dental care professionals before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Overview The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a substantial burden on dental care professionals. While dentistry is known as one of the most exposed and high-risk professions, dental care professionals are indeed at even greater risk. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, occupational health practices, personal protective equipment usage, and mental stressors during COVID-19 pandemic among dental care professionals. Ongoing training on infection control, occupational health practices, and PPE usage can prevent the transmission of COVID-19 among dental care professionals and the public. Lack of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) is a burden for applying occupational health practices in dental clinics and present a risk to the public. COVID-19 may contribute to developing psychological stress and disrupt healthy work-life balance among dental professionals.
Authors: Sean Banaee, Denise M. Claiborne and Muge Akpinar-Elci
Journal Work 68
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| | Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection-in dentists and supporting staff at a university dental hospital in Argentina | Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection-in dentists and supporting staff at a university dental hospital in Argentina
Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection-in dentists and supporting staff at a university dental hospital in Argentina
Overview Oral healthcare professionals are at increased risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of COVID-19 in a population of workers who provided services during the COVID19 pandemic at a dental care and educational institution in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study including 358 workers who provided essential services during the first 180 days of the COVID-19 pandemic at the Dental Hospital at Buenos Aires University School of Dentistry (FOUBA). Following epidemiological data, these workers underwent diagnostic testing for COVID-19 (1- nasal or throat swab tests; 2- blood test for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays [ELISA]; 3- commercial rapid serology test). Three diagnostic tests were implemented. Rapid tests were performed on 290 subjects, with 255 negative results For this sample of dentists, dental assistants and nonclinical personnel, the weighted prevalence of COVID-19 was 4%. Authors Sebastian Puia, Jorge Pasart, Ariel Gualtieri, Francisco Somoza, Carolina Melo, Milton Alessandrelo, Patricio Gatti, Aldo Squassi, Pablo Alejandro Rodriguez Journal Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Exploring the Contexts, Mechanisms and Outcomes of a Dental Anxiety Service in Norway: A Realist Evaluation | Exploring the Contexts, Mechanisms and Outcomes of a Dental Anxiety Service in Norway: A Realist Evaluation
Exploring the Contexts, Mechanisms and Outcomes of a Dental Anxiety Service in Norway: A Realist Evaluation
Overview Torture, abuse and dental phobia are often precursors to developing a pathological relationship with dental care due to elevated anxiety and the risk for re-traumatisation. Consequently, this patient group tends to avoid dental services, leaving them with severe tooth decay that affects both their general and psychosocial health. Norwegian dental services have implemented a specific dental service targeting this patient group, aiming to both alleviate their dental anxiety and restore their oral health. The outcomes of this service have been positive, but for this model to be transferrable to other national contexts, it is necessary not just to understand whether the service works, but also how and why it works. Therefore, this study developed theories on how the structure of the service alleviates dental anxiety and restores patients’ oral health. Although developed specially in a Norwegian context, these theories may be applicable to other national and international contexts. First, the state-subsidised dental service affects service access and service uptake. Second, this service can be adapted and tailored to regional resources to meet the needs of the heterogenous patient group. Third, regional service teams are cohesive because of a lack of national communication and cooperative practice. Fourth, the complexity of migration processes and poor dissemination practices leads to poor recruitment of torture survivors to the service. The service follows a hybrid bottom-up, top-down approach, allowing teams to practise discretion and tailor their approach to meet individual needs.
Authors: Emilie Bryne, Sarah Catherine Patricia Duff Hean, Kjersti Berge Evensen, Vibeke Hervik Bull
Journal: BMC Health Services Research
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Effects of the Multidimensional Treatment on Pain, Disability, and Sitting Posture in Patients with Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial | Effects of the Multidimensional Treatment on Pain, Disability, and Sitting Posture in Patients with Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of the Multidimensional Treatment on Pain, Disability, and Sitting Posture in Patients with Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Overview The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of multidimensional approach model on the pain, disability, and sitting posture in patients with nonspecific low back pain (LBP). Sixty LBP patients were recruited and were randomly divided into two groups: multidimensional treatment (MT) group and unimodal treatment (UT) group. All participants underwent 48 sessions of treatment (40 min/session, two sessions per day, 2 days per week) for 12 weeks. The MT group conducted a core stability exercise twice a day and additionally provided training on pain principles and management methods. The UT group only performed a core stability exercise twice a day. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability index (ODI) were used to measure pain intensity and disability. Thoracolumbar kyphosis and lumbar lordosis in the sitting position were measured using a motion capture system. After training, the pain and disability in the MT group improved significantly greater than the UT group (p < 0.05). In the MT group, the pain relief effect persisted 3 months after the end of training. Thoracolumbar kyphosis and lumbar lordosis in the MT group were significantly improved compared to the UT group (p < 0.05). Thus, MT combined with core stability exercise may be used to improve the pain, disability, and sitting posture in patients with LBP.
Authors Tae-Sung In, Jin-Hwa Jung, Kyoung-Sim Jung and Hwi-Young Cho
Journal Hindawi Pain Research and Management
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Advantages of using toothpaste containing propolis and plant oils for gingivitis prevention and oral cavity hygiene in cleft lip/palate patients | Advantages of using toothpaste containing propolis and plant oils for gingivitis prevention and oral cavity hygiene in cleft lip/palate patients
Advantages of using toothpaste containing propolis and plant oils for gingivitis prevention and oral cavity hygiene in cleft lip/palate patients
Overview The anti-inflammatory and antibacterial action of preparations used during oral hygiene procedures is particularly important in patients with oral cleft. Few reports have been published assessing the influence of natural products on the state of the oral cavity in patients with oral cleft. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of toothpaste containing Polish propolis and plant oils on oral cavity health in patients with oral cleft treated orthodontically. A total of 50 patients aged 9–16 years old (20 females, 23 males) were selected and randomly assigned into two groups. Group (A) received toothpaste with Polish propolis, tea tree oil, menthol, and rosemary oil. Group (B) received toothpaste without active ingredients (placebo). A baseline assessment was followed by an oral hygiene index (OHI, debris OHI-D, and calculus OHI-C component) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) after 35 days. The methodology of the oral condition assessment included the presence of cleft malformation as a dysmorphic of the anterior maxilla segment. It was concluded that in group A, improvement in oral cavity hygiene assessed for incisors and molars was found (OHI-T p = 0.011). For the gingival condition, a decrease in the gingival bleeding index - total (GBI-T p = 0.002), as well as for the incisors (GBI-I p = 0.007) and molars (GBI-M p = 0.017) was found. This research confirms the biological effectiveness of toothpaste with Polish propolis and plant oils. These results may be clinically useful for improving preventative oral care and for control of oral infectious diseases during orthodontic treatment in patients with oral cleft.
Authors Agnieszka Machorowska-Pieniazek, Tadeusz Morawiec, Marcin Olek, Anna Mertas, David Aebisher, Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher, Grzegorz Cie´slar, Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
Journal Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Studying the Bulging of a Lumbar Intervertebral Disc: A Finite Element Analysis | Studying the Bulging of a Lumbar Intervertebral Disc: A Finite Element Analysis
Studying the Bulging of a Lumbar Intervertebral Disc: A Finite Element Analysis
Overview The nucleus pulposus is a crucial compartment of the intervertebral disc. Low back pain is usually connected to the disc situation, how healthy the disc is, and it is also associated with the nucleus pulposus condition. Besides, the bulging (deformation) at the disc plays a vital role in patients suffering from disc degeneration. Increasing bulging causes to increase shear stresses at the annulus fibrosus and eventually leads to surgical intervention if classical treatments do not alleviate the pain. Therefore, knowing the behaviour of bulging in the intervertebral disc helps to prevent severe damage to the disc and contributes to finding a feasible treatment for damaged discs. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was used to investigate the bulging in the lumbar disc due to changing the nucleus pulposus status. The model resembles the overall anatomic geometry of the human spinal functional unit of the lumbar region, but without the posterior element. The findings showed that bulging direction in the disc agrees with literature data and removing the nucleus pulposus significantly affects the response of the disc
Authors Hassan Mansour Raheema, Mohanad Aljanabi
Journal Procedia Structural Integrity
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Pain Management through Neurocognitive Therapeutic Exercises in Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain | Pain Management through Neurocognitive Therapeutic Exercises in Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Pain Management through Neurocognitive Therapeutic Exercises in Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Overview The hypermobile type of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) is likely the most common hereditary disorder of connective tissue mainly characterized by joint hypermobility. Patients with hEDS suffer joint pain, in particular low back pain, commonly resistant to drug therapy. The aim of this research was to evaluate a neurocognitive rehabilitation approach based not only on the motion and function recovery but also on the pain management. In this nonrandomized clinical trial, eighteen hEDS patients (4 males and 14 females) with mean age 21 years (range 13-55) were recruited and evaluated before and after three months of rehabilitation treatment. The clinical results observed in this study seem to confirm the role of a specific neurocognitive rehabilitation program in the chronic pain management in the Ehlers–Danlos syndrome; the rehabilitation treatment should be tailored on patient problems and focused not only in the recovery of movement but also on pain perception.
Authors Claudia Celletti, Teresa Paolucci , Loredana Maggi, Giordana Volpi, Mariangela Billi, Roberta Mollica,and Filippo Camerota
Journal Hindawi BioMed Research International
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Applying machine learning on health record data from general practitioners to predict suicidality | Applying machine learning on health record data from general practitioners to predict suicidality
Applying machine learning on health record data from general practitioners to predict suicidality
Overview Suicidal behaviour is difficult to detect in the general practice. Machine learning (ML) algorithms using routinely collected data might support General Practitioners (GPs) in the detection of suicidal behaviour. In this paper, we applied machine learning techniques to support GPs recognizing suicidal behaviour in primary care patients using routinely collected general practice data. Machine learning was applied to predict suicidal behaviour using general practice data. Our results showed that these techniques can be used as a complementary step in the identification and stratification of patients at risk of suicidal behaviour. The results are encouraging and provide a first step to use automated screening directly in clinical practice. Additional data from different social domains, such as employment and education, might improve accuracy.
Authors Kasper van Mens, Elke Elzinga, Mark Nielen, Joran Lokkerbol, Rune Poortvliet, Gé Donker, Marianne Heins, Joke Korevaarc, Michel Dückers, Claire Aussems, Marco Helbich, Bea Tiemens, Renske Gilissen, Aartjan Beekman, Derek de Beurs
Journal Internet Interventions 21 (2020) 100337
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Oral Health Behaviour and Predictors of Oral Health Behaviour Among Patients with Diabetes in the Republic of Mauritius | Oral Health Behaviour and Predictors of Oral Health Behaviour Among Patients with Diabetes in the Republic of Mauritius
Oral Health Behaviour and Predictors of Oral Health Behaviour Among Patients with Diabetes in the Republic of Mauritius
Overview The purpose of this study is to investigate the oral care habits and assess the determinants of oral care behaviour among people with diabetes. The present study draws on data collected from 589 dentate persons with diabetes by means of a close-ended questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the association of different demographic and clinical factors with recommended dental hygiene practices. The results showed that most of the participants brushed at least twice daily (84.2%), never flossed (88.6%), attended dental clinics on need only (87.1%), and did not monitor their blood glucose levels regularly (69.9%). Neither awareness about the increased risk of periodontal disease and xerostomia nor receiving advice from diabetes care providers was found to be associated with good oral hygiene or increased service utilisation. The experience of oral diseases did not encourage recommended oral health practice, with participants without experience with periodontal disease being 3 times more likely to floss In conclusion it was found that there is widespread noncompliance with regular flossing and dental service utilisation. The findings highlight the need for an emphasis on preventive care through the provision of integrated medical and dental interventions to high-risk individuals suffering from both diabetes and chronic periodontitis Authors Nesha Paurobally, Estie Kruger, Marc Tennant Journal International Dental Journal
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Tissue Stiffness is Not Related to Pain Experience: An Individually Controlled Study in Patients with Chronic Neck and Back Pain | Tissue Stiffness is Not Related to Pain Experience: An Individually Controlled Study in Patients with Chronic Neck and Back Pain
Tissue Stiffness is Not Related to Pain Experience: An Individually Controlled Study in Patients with Chronic Neck and Back Pain
Overview Massage therapies such as cupping are often applied in patients with chronic neck and back pain with the assumption that they can reduce increased tissue stiffness and, therefore, improve pain. The aim of this study was to clarify whether tissue stiffness is related to pain experience in patients with chronic (>3 months) back and neck pain and whether it can be altered by a cupping massage.
The stiffness of the point of subjectively felt maximum pain intensity of 40 patients with neck (n = 20) or lower back pain (n = 20) was measured by a myometer. Exact contralateral side served as an individual control. Side of higher stiffness was then treated with a cupping massage. 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes as well as 24 hours after treatment, tissue stiffness was measured again. Patients rated their pain on a standardized pain questionnaire (neck pain disability score (NDI) or Oswestry disability index (ODI), respectively) before and 24 hours after treatment. Results. Compared to the contralateral control side, the more painful side did not exhibit an increased stiffness of myofascial tissue before treatment (p = 0.827). The tissue stiffness and the side difference between treated and nontreated control sides decreased significantly after cupping but returned to baseline after 24 hours. NDI and ODI scores significantly decreased 24 hours after cupping
It was found that tissue stiffness might not be related to pain experience in patients with chronic neck and lower back pain.
Authors Ann-Kathrin Lederer, Christian Maly, Tomas Weinert, and Roman Huber Journal Hindawi Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Is there an association between oral health and severity of COVID-19 complications? | Is there an association between oral health and severity of COVID-19 complications?
Is there an association between oral health and severity of COVID-19 complications?
Overview The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in late 2019 and has quickly developed into a global pandemic. Age is one of the highest risk factors for developing severe symptoms of COVID-19, the disease caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2. Thus, individuals over the age of 65 and those living in long-term care facilities are especially vulnerable to morbidity and mortality due to infection with SARS-CoV-2. However, persons with chronic lung disease, moderate to severe asthma, severe obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and liver disease are also at high risk for severe COVID-symptoms.
Most patients with severe complications from COVID-19 have underlying conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. In parallel, there is growing evidence for a link between periodontitis and non-oral systemic diseases. The oral cavity is also a reservoir for respiratory pathogens, and patients with periodontal disease are more likely to develop hospital-acquired pneumonia than healthy individuals. This study therefore hypothesizes that improving oral health could decrease the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and reduce the associated morbidity.
Authors Nathalie Botros, Parvati Iyer, David M. Ojcius Journal Biomedical Journal
| 3 | | R375.00 | |
| | An Interprofessional Approach to Oral Hygiene for Elderly Inpatients and the Perception of Caregivers Towards Oral Health Care | An Interprofessional Approach to Oral Hygiene for Elderly Inpatients and the Perception of Caregivers Towards Oral Health Care
An Interprofessional Approach to Oral Hygiene for Elderly Inpatients and the Perception of Caregivers Towards Oral Health Care
Overview The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of an interprofessional oral hygiene support program for elderly inpatients and the perception of caregivers of the elderly towards oral health care. Participants comprised 37 elderly inpatients requiring nursing care (17 males, 20 females) and 29 registered nurses who participated in the interprofessional oral health care support program as a caregiver (4 males, 25 females). In this program, inpatients received daily oral cleaning by registered nurses based on each patient’s oral health care plan. The number of microbes on the tongue surface of the inpatients was measured once a week for 12 weeks. Additionally, as an investigation of the perception of the caregivers towards oral health care, a questionnaire about the required frequency and duration for oral cleaning was conducted with registered nurses before and after the program to investigate the perception of the caregivers towards oral health care. The result was that significant differences were observed in the number of microbes on the tongue surface between baseline and at every measurement after the beginning of this program, except for the first week. It was concluded that implementation of the program decreased the number of microbes on the tongue surface of the elderly inpatients and improved the perception of their caregivers towards oral health care Authors Masahiro Ryu, Takayuki Ueda, Kaoru Sakurai Journal International Dental Journal
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Impact of the Brush Day & Night Programme on Well-Being, Plaque, and Dental Caries in Children | Impact of the Brush Day & Night Programme on Well-Being, Plaque, and Dental Caries in Children
Impact of the Brush Day & Night Programme on Well-Being, Plaque, and Dental Caries in Children
Overview Poor oral hygiene can have an adverse effect on quality of life. School-based interventions can establish positive behaviours that reduce the likelihood of dental caries later in life. The Brush Day & Night programme aims to encourage good oral health behaviour and improve oral health and quality-of-life outcomes. In this article, it is reported that the effect of the programme on well-being and oral hygiene measured by plaque levels at 3, 8, and 24 weeks and dental caries at 24 weeks after programme start date. This was a superiority cluster randomised trial of children 6-12 years of age from Indonesia. All children were provided with toothpaste and a toothbrush. Children in the intervention group received the 21-day Brush Day & Night programme, whereas those in the control group did not. Children completed a questionnaire addressing the objectives at all time points. Their oral hygiene was assessed using the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S). Additionally, at baseline and 24 weeks their caries status was recorded using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. The result was that in Indonesia, after participation in the programme children demonstrated a 45% increased probability of no worsening in the occurrence of decayed, missing, or filled teeth. In Nigeria, children had a 71% higher probability of having confidence in their smile and the proportion of children with good oral hygiene doubled from 40% to 80% at 24 weeks. It was concluded that the Brush Day & Night programme was successful in improving well-being and oral hygiene in children in Nigeria and reduced the likelihood of worsening in the occurrence of decayed, missing, or filled teeth in children in Indonesia Authors Paulo Melo, Charlotte Fine, Sinead Malone, Sean Taylor Journal International Dental Journal
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Differences in Nonspecific Low Back Pain Between Young Adult Females with and without Lumbar Scoliosis | Differences in Nonspecific Low Back Pain Between Young Adult Females with and without Lumbar Scoliosis
Differences in Nonspecific Low Back Pain Between Young Adult Females with and without Lumbar Scoliosis
Overview There is no consensus as to whether NSLBP in scoliosis patients is related to scoliosis per se or is just a normal symptom that could happen in anyone. The aim of this study was to compare the differences in NSLBP between young adult female patients with and without lumbar scoliosis and to provide a theoretical basis for differential treatment of NSLBP in patients with and without lumbar scoliosis.
Ninety female young adults with NSLBP were divided into scoliosis and non-scoliosis groups. Characteristics of pain, lumbar mobility, muscle strength, Cobb angle, axial trunk rotation (ATR) angle, and surface electromyography (SEMG) signal were compared between the two groups. After the various results, it was concluded that the characteristics of NSLBP experienced by patients with lumbar scoliosis were distinct from those of NSLBP experienced by non-scoliotic patients. The treatment of NSLBP in scoliotic patients should be different from that in non-scoliotic patients.
Authors WangshuYuan1 JianxiongShen2 LixiaChen1 HaiWang2 Keyi Yu2 HuiCong1 Jingya Zhou3 and Youxi Lin2
Journal Hindawi Pain Research and Management
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Comparison of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation versus Recognized Back-Strengthening Exercise Training on Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Study | Comparison of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation versus Recognized Back-Strengthening Exercise Training on Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Study
Comparison of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation versus Recognized Back-Strengthening Exercise Training on Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Study
Overview Due to changing living and working conditions the incidence of nonspecific low back pain (LBP) is increasing continuously worldwide. Low back pain (LBP) affects almost everyone at least once in their lifetime. Various meta-analyses show promising effects on pain reduction for conventional exercise. However, the lack of time and, especially for pain patients, a fear of movement (“kinesiophobia”) as well as functional limitations often oppose participation in such activities. The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to compare WB-EMS with a recognized back-strengthening exercise protocol to determine the corresponding effects on chronic, nonspecific LBP in people suffering from this.
This randomized, controlled multicenter study is focused on novel and time-effective training technologies and LBP. In this contribution, the focus is primarily on the comparison of WB-EMS against a comparable conventional exercise training (CT). Two groups were chosen to complete a12-week program (WB-EMS: 1 × 20 min/week vs. CT: 1 × 45 min/week) specifically dedicated to LBP. The selection of the content of the active control group was based on the principles of WB-EMS training, which uses electrical stimulation to train mainly strength and stabilization in a very short time. Exercises were similar in all groups, with the focus on strengthening and stabilizing the trunk. Outcome measures were assessed by a four-week pain diary (before and during the last four weeks of intervention) as well as an isometric maximum strength measurement of the trunk muscles at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention.
In summary, both, WB-EMS and conventional back-strengthening protocol are comparably effective in reducing nonspecific chronic LBP in this dedicated cohort. The result is particularly positive in terms of time effectiveness and offers an adequate alternative for people with limited time resources or other barriers to conventional training methods.
Authors WangshuYuan1 JianxiongShen2 LixiaChen1 HaiWang2 Keyi Yu2 HuiCong1 Jingya Zhou3 and Youxi Lin2
Journal Hindawi Pain Research and Management
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Comparison of Treatments for Frozen Shoulder | Comparison of Treatments for Frozen Shoulder
Comparison of Treatments for Frozen Shoulder
Overview There is a myriad of available treatment options for patients with frozen shoulder, which can be overwhelming to the treating health care professional. To assess and compare the effectiveness of available treatment options for frozen shoulder to guide musculoskeletal practitioners and inform guidelines, DATA SOURCES Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, and CINHAL were searched in February 2020. Pain and function were the primary outcomes, and external rotation range of movement (ER ROM) was the secondary outcome. Results of pairwise metanalyses were presented as mean differences (MDs) for pain and ER ROM and standardized mean differences (SMDs) for function. Length of follow-up was divided into short-term (12 weeks), mid-term (>12 weeks to 12 months), and long-term (>12 months) follow-up. From a total of 65 eligible studies with 4097 participants that were included in the systematic review, 34 studies with 2402 participants were included in pairwise meta-analyses and 39 studies with 2736 participants in network meta-analyses. Despite several statistically significant results in pairwise meta-analyses, only the administration of intra-articular (IA) corticosteroid was associated with statistical and clinical superiority compared with other interventions in the short term for pain (vs no treatment or placebo. The findings of this study suggest that the early use of IA corticosteroid in patients with frozen shoulder of less than 1-year duration is associated with better outcomes. This treatment should be accompanied by a home exercise program to maximize the chance of recovery Authors Dimitris Challoumas, MD; Mairiosa Biddle, MD; Michael McLean, MD; Neal L. Millar, MD, PhD Journal JAMA Network Open.
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | A Randomized Comparative Study between High-Intensity and Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain | A Randomized Comparative Study between High-Intensity and Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain
A Randomized Comparative Study between High-Intensity and Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain
Overview
Chronic nonspecific low back pain (chronic nsLBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders leading to disabilities and physical inactivity. Laser therapy was used in chronic nsLBP treatment; however, no previous studies have assessed the impacts of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) versus low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on chronic nsLBP.) This study compared the effects of HILT versus LLLT on individuals suffering from chronic nsLBP. Methods.) The study was a randomized control trial. Sixty individuals with chronic nsLBP were enrolled between May and November 2019. All participants were clinically diagnosed with chronic nsLBP.) They were assigned randomly into three groups, 20 in each group.) The first group received a program of LLLT, the second group received a program of HILT, and the third did not receive laser therapy (control group). Pain severity, disability, lumbar mobility, and quality of life were assessed before and after 12-week intervention. It was concluded that there are no different influences of LLLT versus HILT on chronic nsLBP patients. Both LLLT and HILT reduce pain and disability and improve lumbar mobility and quality of life in chronic nsLBP patients.
Authors Walid Kamal Abdelbasset, Gopal Nambi, Saud F. Alsubaie, AhmedM. Abodonya, Ayman K. Saleh, Nahla N. Ataalla, Ahmed A. Ibrahim, Sayed A. Tantawy, Dalia M. Kamel, Anju Verma and Samah A. Moawd
Journal Hindawi Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Imagined and Actual Acupuncture Effects on Chronic Low Back Pain: A Preliminary Study | Imagined and Actual Acupuncture Effects on Chronic Low Back Pain: A Preliminary Study
Imagined and Actual Acupuncture Effects on Chronic Low Back Pain: A Preliminary Study
Overview
Research suggests that imagined experiences can produce brain responses similar to those produced by actual experiences. Shared brain responses that support both imagination and perception may underlie the functional nature of mental imagery. In a previous study, acupuncture and imagery were combined to develop a new treatment method, video-guided acupuncture imagery treatment (VGAIT). We found that VGAIT significantly increased pain thresholds in healthy subjects. The aim of this study is to extend our previous finding by investigating whether VGAIT can relieve symptoms in patients with chronic low back pain. The study showed the results of all three treatments (VGAIT, real, and sham acupuncture) significantly reduced pain severity as measured by a low back pain bothersomeness score. VGAIT produced similar effects to real acupuncture (p = 0:97) and non-significantly greater pain bothersomeness relief compared to sham acupuncture (p = 0:14). Additional analysis showed that there was no significant difference on the sensations evoked by different treatment modalities. In conclusion these findings support VGAIT as a promising method for pain management.
Authors Jin Cao, Scott P. Orr, Georgia Wilson, and Jian Kong
Journal Hindawi Neural Plasticity
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Intra-Articular versus Subacromial Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review | Intra-Articular versus Subacromial Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Intra-Articular versus Subacromial Corticosteroid Injection for the Treatment of Adhesive Capsulitis: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Overview Adhesive capsulitis is one of the most well-known causes of pain and stiffness of the shoulder. Corticosteroid injections have been used for many years. However, it is still controversial where corticosteroid should be injected, whether subacromial or intra-articular. The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the effects of intra-articular (IA) and subacromial (SA) corticosteroid injections for the treatment of adhesive capsulitis. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and PEDro score were used to evaluate the quality of the studies. The primary clinical outcomes including VAS, Constant score, ASES score, and ROM were collected. The secondary outcome of corticosteroid-related adverse reactions was also compared between the two groups. The results were evaluated and compared at five time points. All studies were of low risk of bias and medium-high quality with the PEDro score =5 points. It was concluded that when corticosteroid injection is used to treat adhesive capsulitis, both injection sites can be selected. Authors Xiaoke Shang, Zhong Zhang, Xuelin Pan, Jian Li and Qi Li Journal Hindawi Biomedical Research International
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Incidence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Marathon Runners | Incidence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Marathon Runners
Incidence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Marathon Runners
Overview The occurrence of low back pain (LBP) in marathon runners has been poorly understood. This study aimed to describe the risk factors and identify whether these factors can cause LBP in these athletes by using a self-developed questionnaire which was randomly distributed to 850 runners of running a half or a full marathon. Participants responded with the questionnaire focusing on previous training and running conditions after their competitions. In the final models, risk factors, including warm-up activities, fatigue, running gait posture, and environmental temperature, were significantly associated with LBP in marathoners. It was concluded that although LBP was uncommon in marathoners, it was linked to the factors such as insufficient warm-up activities, fatigue, poor running gait posture, and uncomfortable environmental temperature. Although future studies may be necessary these findings could still be useful for protecting the lower back area of runners clinically. Authors Bao Wu, 1,2 Chang-Cheng Chen , 2 Juan Wang , 2 and Xue-Qiang Wang Journal Hindawi Pain Research and Management Volume 2021, Article ID 666030
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Ischemic Stroke Part 2 | Ischemic Stroke Part 2
Overview
Ischemic stroke is characterized by the sudden loss of blood circulation to an area of the brain, resulting in a corresponding loss of neurologic function. Acute ischemic stroke is caused by thrombotic or embolic occlusion of a cerebral artery and is more common than haemorrhagic stroke.
We should consider stroke in any patient presenting with acute neurologic deficit or any alteration in level of consciousness. Although symptoms can occur alone, they are more likely to occur in combination. No historical feature distinguishes ischemic from haemorrhagic stroke, although nausea, vomiting, headache, and sudden change in level of consciousness are more common in haemorrhagic strokes. In younger patients, a history of recent trauma, coagulopathies, illicit drug use (especially cocaine), migraines, or use of oral contraceptives should be elicited.
Emergent brain imaging is essential for evaluation of acute ischemic stroke. Noncontrast computed tomography (CT) scanning is the most commonly used form of neuroimaging in the acute evaluation of patients with apparent acute stroke.
Involvement of a physician with a special interest and training in stroke is ideal. Stroke care units with specially trained nursing and allied healthcare personnel have clearly been shown to improve outcomes.
Author Sharespike
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Ischemic Stroke Part 1 | Ischemic Stroke Part 1
Overview
Ischemic stroke is characterized by the sudden loss of blood circulation to an area of the brain, resulting in a corresponding loss of neurologic function. Acute ischemic stroke is caused by thrombotic or embolic occlusion of a cerebral artery and is more common than haemorrhagic stroke.
We should consider stroke in any patient presenting with acute neurologic deficit or any alteration in level of consciousness. Although symptoms can occur alone, they are more likely to occur in combination. No historical feature distinguishes ischemic from haemorrhagic stroke, although nausea, vomiting, headache, and sudden change in level of consciousness are more common in haemorrhagic strokes. In younger patients, a history of recent trauma, coagulopathies, illicit drug use (especially cocaine), migraines, or use of oral contraceptives should be elicited.
Emergent brain imaging is essential for evaluation of acute ischemic stroke. Noncontrast computed tomography (CT) scanning is the most commonly used form of neuroimaging in the acute evaluation of patients with apparent acute stroke.
Involvement of a physician with a special interest and training in stroke is ideal. Stroke care units with specially trained nursing and allied healthcare personnel have clearly been shown to improve outcomes.
Author Sharespike
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | The fathers of Destiny: Representations of fatherhood in a popular South African magazine | The fathers of Destiny: Representations of fatherhood in a popular South African magazine
The fathers of Destiny: Representations of fatherhood in a popular South African magazine
Overview: This study utilised textual analysis to characterise the representation of fatherhood in the eight issues of Destiny Man magazine published in 2014 Stories that pertained to fatherhood and that were related to aspects of contemporary family construction, work, and identity formation were included for detailed text analysis.
The authors findings suggest that fatherhood is defined by access to wealth and is inextricably linked to features of modern-day neoliberal capitalism with its bias towards wealth accumulation and economic standards of identity. Additionally, matters such as race and origin seem to be the primary classification criteria when it comes to self-identification as a father figure.
From these data, it was concluded that the notion of fatherhood is fluid; it changes continuously depending on the social class position of the incumbent male.
Authors: Bandile Leopeng & Malose Langa
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Black Middle-class Masculinities in Post-Apartheid South Africa: Consumerism, Fashion and the Portrayal of Masculine Identities in Destiny Man Magazine | Black Middle-class Masculinities in Post-Apartheid South Africa: Consumerism, Fashion and the Portrayal of Masculine Identities in Destiny Man Magazine
Black Middle-class Masculinities in Post-Apartheid South Africa: Consumerism, Fashion and the Portrayal of Masculine Identities in Destiny Man Magazine
Overview: This article examines the state of middle-class black South African masculinity in the post-apartheid era as presented in Destiny Man, a popular lifestyle magazine targeted at accomplished, stylish, and affluent black men in South Africa.
The magazine offers a blend of compelling and relevant business and lifestyle content, including articles on fashion, grooming, sport, technology, and motoring. This article’s focus on consumerism, fashion, and masculinity as represented and featured in the magazine offers a vital contribution to fashion studies in general and to the African diaspora’s dress sense in particular, as well as to the contemporary intersections of wealth associated with masculine identification Articles published in the 2014 issues of the magazine were selected for an in-depth multimodal discourse analysis of how factors such as fashion, access to economic resources, status, and wealth play a significant role in masculine black identity formation.
Visuals were also analysed to understand the representation of black middle-class men in the magazine. The findings indicate that Destiny Man’s characterization of middle-class black South African masculinity is based on the acquisition of material goods, on perceptions of power and on the ability to transition into formerly white-only spheres.
Authors: Bandile Leopeng & Malose Langa
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Vertigo, DIzziness and Imbalance | Vertigo, DIzziness and Imbalance
Vertigo, DIzziness and Imbalance
Overview
Dizziness and vertigo are among the most common symptoms causing patients to visit a physician (as common as back pain and headaches). Falling can be a direct consequence of dizziness in this population, and the risk is compounded in elderly persons with other neurologic deficits and chronic medical problems.
Mild hearing loss is the most common disability worldwide. The incidence of hearing loss is 25% in people younger than 25 years, and it reaches 40% in persons older than 40 years. About 25% of the population report tinnitus.
Primary care physicians evaluate most cases of dizziness and related symptoms. Their role and that of neurologists in this setting has increased over the past decade. This article outlines the clinical approach to dizziness with emphasis on differentiating peripheral from central dizziness and on office management of the most common diseases. It also addresses indications for referral to an otolaryngologist or neuro-otologist and for specialized auditory and vestibular testing.
To diagnose dizziness, physicians must use the essential tools of history, clinical examination, and follow-up. The etiology in most of these patients mainly involves a vestibular disorder, such as BPPV, Ménière disease, or bilateral vestibular hypofunction. Appropriate management and follow-up are necessary to improve the well-being of these patients.
Authors
Sharespike
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Ventricular Tachycardia Part 2 | Ventricular Tachycardia Part 2
Ventricular Tachycardia Part 2
Overview
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) is responsible for most of the sudden cardiac deaths in the United States, at an estimated rate of approximately 300,000 deaths per year. VT refers to any rhythm faster than 100 (or 120) beats/min, with three or more irregular beats in a row, arising distal to the bundle of His. The rhythm may arise from the working ventricular myocardium, the distal conduction system, or both.
Symptoms of VT are often a function of the associated heart rate, or the causal process, such as an acute myocardial infarction (MI). They may include the following bulleted items. VT may also be asymptomatic, or the symptoms may be those of the associated triggered therapy (eg, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator [ICD] shock).
Clinically, VT may be reflected in symptoms such as syncope, palpitations, and dyspnea. It is often, but not always, associated with hemodynamic compromise, particularly if the left ventricle is impaired or the heart rate is especially fast. With some exceptions, VT is associated with increased risk of sudden death.
Author Sharespike
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Ventricular Tachycardia Part 1 | Ventricular Tachycardia Part 1
Ventricular Tachycardia Part 1
Overview
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) is responsible for most of the sudden cardiac deaths in the United States, at an estimated rate of approximately 300,000 deaths per year. VT refers to any rhythm faster than 100 (or 120) beats/min, with three or more irregular beats in a row, arising distal to the bundle of His. The rhythm may arise from the working ventricular myocardium, the distal conduction system, or both.
Symptoms of VT are often a function of the associated heart rate, or the causal process, such as an acute myocardial infarction (MI). They may include the following bulleted items. VT may also be asymptomatic, or the symptoms may be those of the associated triggered therapy (eg, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator [ICD] shock).
Clinically, VT may be reflected in symptoms such as syncope, palpitations, and dyspnea. It is often, but not always, associated with hemodynamic compromise, particularly if the left ventricle is impaired or the heart rate is especially fast. With some exceptions, VT is associated with increased risk of sudden death.
Author Sharespike
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | The Effects of a Recollection-Based Occupational Therapy Program of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial | The Effects of a Recollection-Based Occupational Therapy Program of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The Effects of a Recollection-Based Occupational Therapy Program of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Overview:
Considering the high socio-economic costs related to the increasing number of dementia patients and their poor quality of life and that of their families, it is important to identify the condition early on and provide an appropriate intervention. This study organized a recollection-based occupational therapy program: a nonpharmacological intervention consisting of five categories of activities (physical, horticultural, musical, art, and instrumental activity of daily living; IADL) and applied it to those having a mild stage of Alzheimer’s disease. The experimental group participated in a total of 24 sessions––five times per week for one hour per session––while the control group took part in regular activities offered by the existing facilities. The experimental group presented improved cognitive functions, reduced depression, and enhanced quality of life; the two groups showed a statistically significant difference in every category. This study is meaningful in that it made a cognitive stimulation program concerning five different categories, implemented it for people suffering mild dementia, and confirmed positive outcomes. If a systemic version of the program is offered in dementia care facilities, it is expected to make a considerable contribution to the care of dementia patients.
Acknowledgements:
Authors: DeokJu Kim
Journal: Occupational Therapy International
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | The eye: ‘‘An organ that must not be forgotten in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic’’ | The eye: ‘‘An organ that must not be forgotten in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic’’
The eye: ‘‘An organ that must not be forgotten in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic’’
Overview The coronavirus family is a group of zoonotic viruses with some recognized reservoirs particularly some bats. A novel coronavirus emerged in the province of Wuhan (China) in December of 2019.The number of infected patients with serious respiratory infection quickly spread around the world to become a global pandemic. The clinical presentation and viral pathogenesis of the coronavirus disease named COVID-19 indicated that the virus is transmitted from person to person through infected droplets entering the respiratory mucosa. Close contact with infected individuals particularly in crowded environments has characterized the rapid spread of the infection. Clinical manifestations of the viral infection have mentioned the presence of some ocular findings such as conjunctival congestion, conjunctivitis and even corneal injury associated with the classical COVID-19 infection. Some animal models of different coronaviruses eye infection shave described the viral pathogenesis through tear and conjunctival sampling. On the other hand, we are recommended protective measure to prevent contagion and limit the spread of the virus in health care professionals and contact lenses wearers.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Authors Sandra C. Durán C, Diana C. Mayorga G Journal Journal of Optometry (2020)
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): Implications for Clinical Dental Care | Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): Implications for Clinical Dental Care
Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): Implications for Clinical Dental Care
Overview: The recent spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated coronavirus disease has gripped the entire international community and caused widespread public health concerns. Despite global efforts to contain the disease spread, the outbreak is still on a rise because of the community spread pattern of this infection. This is a zoonotic infection, similar to other coronavirus infections, that is believed to have originated in bats and pangolins and later transmitted to humans. Once in the human body, this coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is abundantly present in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions of affected patients, and its spread is predominantly thought to be respiratory droplet/contact in nature. Dental professionals, including endodontists, may encounter patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and will have to act diligently not only to provide care but at the same time prevent nosocomial spread of infection. Thus, the aim of this article is to provide a brief overview of the epidemiology, symptoms, and routes of transmission of this novel infection. In addition, specific recommendations for dental practice are suggested for patient screening, infection control strategies, and patient management protocol. Acknowledgement
Authors: Amber Ather, BDS, DDS, Biraj Patel, BDS, Nikita B. Ruparel, MS, DDS, PhD, Anibal Diogenes, DDS, MS, PhD, and Kenneth M. Hargreaves, DDS, PhD
Journal: JOE – Journal of Endodontics
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Preretinal hemorrhage following chiropractor neck manipulation | Preretinal hemorrhage following chiropractor neck manipulation
Preretinal hemorrhage following chiropractor neck manipulation
Overview The purpose of this study is to report a case of a new complication following complementary and alternative medicine chiropractor neck manipulation with multiple preretinal haemorrhages. A 59-year-old Caucasian female presented with the acute, painless constant appearance of 3 spots in her vision immediately after a chiropractor performed cervical spinal manipulation using the high-velocity, low-amplitude technique. Examination multiple unilateral preretinal haemorrhages with no retinal tears. The preretinal haemorrhages were self-limited and resolved by 2 months later. In conclusion, the Chiropractor neck manipulation has previously been reported leading to complications related to the carotid artery and arterial plaques. This presents the ?rst case of multiple unilateral preretinal haemorrhages immediately following chiropractic neck manipulation. This suggests that chiropractor spinal adjustment cannot only a?ect the carotid artery, but also could lead to preretinal haemorrhages.
Acknowledgement Authors Yannis M. Paulusa and Nicholas Belillb Journal American Journal of Ophthalmology
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Locked-In Syndrome Following Cervical Manipulation by a Chiropractor: A Case Report | Locked-In Syndrome Following Cervical Manipulation by a Chiropractor: A Case Report
Locked-In Syndrome Following Cervical Manipulation by a Chiropractor: A Case Report
Overview Vertebrobasilar occlusion poses difficult diagnostic issues and even when properly diagnosed has a poor prognosis. Newer studies highlight a better outcome when thrombectomy was carried out between six and twenty-four hours after an initial diagnosis of stroke. This paper reports a case where a patient suffered a vertebrobasilar stroke secondary to a traumatic bilateral vertebral arteries dissection was treated with late thrombectomy. A 34-year-old woman was manipulated on the cervical spinal column by a chiropractor. Following three weeks of cervical pain, she presented with severe aphasia and quadriplegia (NIHSS = 28). An MRI scan indicated ischemia of the vertebrobasilar system. Thirty-one hours after the onset of these symptoms, a thrombectomy was performed. After one month, the patient could move her head and the proximal part of her limbs but remained confined to bed (NIHSS = 13). In conclusion, the current case illustrates the benefit of late mechanical thrombectomy for a posterior cerebral circulation infarct. Although there was a delay in treatment, partial recovery ensued. Acknowledgments
Authors Guillaume Giordano Orsini, Giorgios-Emmanouil Metaxas, Vincent Legros Journal
The Journal of Critical Care
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Experiences with Chiropractic Care for Patients with Low Back or Neck Pain | Experiences with Chiropractic Care for Patients with Low Back or Neck Pain
Experiences with Chiropractic Care for Patients with Low Back or Neck Pain
Overview Musculoskeletal disorders are the second leading cause of disability worldwide. The objective is to examine experiences of chiropractic patients in the United States with chronic low back or neck pain. Observational study of 1853 chronic low back pain and neck pain patients (74% female) who completed an online questionnaire at the 3-month follow-up that included Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) items assessing their experiences with care. Similar reports of communication for the chiropractic sample and patients in the 2016 CAHPS National Database was found, but 85% in the database versus 79% in the chiropractic sample gave the most positive response to the time spent with provider item. More patients in the CAHPS database rated their provider at the top of the scale (8 percentage points). More chiropractic patients reported always getting answers to questions the same day (16 percentage points) and always being seen within 15 minutes of their appointment time (29 percentage points). In conclusion the positive experiences of patients with chronic back and neck pain are supportive of their use of chiropractic care. Acknowledgement
Authors: Ron D Hays, PhD1, Cathy D Sherbourne, PhD2, Karen L Spritzer, BS1, Lara G Hilton, PhD, MPH2,3, Gery W Ryan, PhD2, Ian D Coulter, PhD2,4, and Patricia M Herman, ND, PhD2
Journal Journal of Patient Experience
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| | Wide Complex Tachycardia | Wide Complex Tachycardia
Overview
Correct diagnosis of wide complex tachycardia (WCTs) can be challenging. With EMS providers' ever-expanding scope of practice, it is no longer safe to label any rhythm that is wide and fast as ventricular tachycardia (VT). Though many paramedic curricula do not address advanced cardiac dysrhythmias and treatments, several EMS departments have protocols that require advanced training in 12-lead ECG interpretation and treatment of specific cardiac dysrhythmias. One must possess the proper diagnostic tools and knowledge to decide whether a WCT is VT or SVT with aberrant conduction. EMS providers should be able to differentiate VT and SVT with aberrant conduction with confidence and a high degree of certainty. In order to understand the visual differences between VT and SVT with aberrant conduction, one must first understand the basic pathophysiology behind the two dysrhythmias. The first steps are maintenance of the patient’s airway with assisted breathing if necessary, cardiac monitoring to identify the heart rhythm, monitoring of blood pressure and oximetry, and establishing intravenous access. In the emergency setting, a wide-complex tachycardia always should be considered as ventricular tachycardia unless proven otherwise, as treatment must be initiated immediately to avoid degeneration into ventricular fibrillation.
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Unstable Angina | Unstable Angina
Overview
Unstable angina belongs to the spectrum of clinical presentations referred to collectively as acute coronary syndromes (ACSs), which also includes ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STEMI (NSTEMI). Unstable angina is considered to be an ACS in which there is myocardial ischemia without detectable myocardial necrosis (ie, cardiac biomarkers of myocardial necrosis —such as creatine kinase MB isozyme, troponin, myoglobin—are not released into the circulation).
With unstable angina, symptoms may (1) occur at rest; (2) become more frequent, severe, or prolonged than the usual pattern of angina; (3) change from the usual pattern of angina; or (4) not respond to rest or nitro-glycerine. Symptoms of unstable angina are similar to those of myocardial infarction (MI).
The traditional term unstable angina was meant to signify the intermediate state between myocardial infarction (MI) and the more chronic state of stable angina. The old term pre-infarction angina conveys the clinical intent of intervening to attenuate the risk of MI or death. Patients with this condition have also been categorized by presentation, diagnostic test results, or course over time; these categories include new-onset angina, accelerating angina, rest angina, early postinfarct angina, and early post-revascularization angina.
This course deals with the causes and management of unstable angina.
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Severe Distress – COVID 19 | Severe Distress – COVID 19
Severe Distress – COVID 19
Overview
Since the emergence of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread across the globe. The clinical spectrum of patients with COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic or mild symptoms to critical disease with a high risk of mortality.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the illness associated with the novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was initially noted during an outbreak of respiratory illness in the population of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province, China. The first cases were seen in November 2019, with COVID-19 quickly spreading throughout the city. The World Health Organization (WHO) was notified of the outbreak on December 31, 2019. The cases continued to spread outside of the area and then across the world. COVID-19 was reported as a global health emergency by the end of January 2020. As the worldwide case numbers increased, the WHO declared on March 11, 2020, that COVID-19 had reached the pandemic stage. The virus is now known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease it causes is called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic.
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Septic Shock Part 2 | Septic Shock Part 2
Overview
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction due to dysregulated host response to infection, and organ dysfunction is defined as an acute change in total Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score of 2 points or greater secondary to the infection cause. Septic shock occurs in a subset of patients with sepsis and comprises of an underlying circulatory and cellular/metabolic abnormality that is associated with increased mortality.
Patients with sepsis may present in a myriad of ways, and a high index of clinical suspicion is necessary to identify subtle presentations. The hallmarks of sepsis and septic shock are changes that occur at the microvascular and cellular level and may not be clearly manifested in the vital signs or clinical examination.
Patients with sepsis and septic shock require admission to the hospital. Initial treatment includes support of respiratory and circulatory function, supplemental oxygen, mechanical ventilation, and volume infusion.
In the past few decades, the discovery of endogenous mediators of the host response has led to the recognition that the clinical syndrome of sepsis is the result of excessive activation of host defence mechanisms rather than the direct effect of microorganisms. Sepsis and its sequelae represent a continuum of clinical and pathophysiologic severity.
Author Sharespike
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Septic Shock Part 1 | Septic Shock Part 1
Overview
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction due to dysregulated host response to infection, and organ dysfunction is defined as an acute change in total Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score of 2 points or greater secondary to the infection cause. Septic shock occurs in a subset of patients with sepsis and comprises of an underlying circulatory and cellular/metabolic abnormality that is associated with increased mortality.
Patients with sepsis may present in a myriad of ways, and a high index of clinical suspicion is necessary to identify subtle presentations. The hallmarks of sepsis and septic shock are changes that occur at the microvascular and cellular level and may not be clearly manifested in the vital signs or clinical examination.
Patients with sepsis and septic shock require admission to the hospital. Initial treatment includes support of respiratory and circulatory function, supplemental oxygen, mechanical ventilation, and volume infusion.
In the past few decades, the discovery of endogenous mediators of the host response has led to the recognition that the clinical syndrome of sepsis is the result of excessive activation of host defence mechanisms rather than the direct effect of microorganisms. Sepsis and its sequelae represent a continuum of clinical and pathophysiologic severity.
Author Sharespike
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Respiratory Distress Syndrome | Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Overview
Respiratory distress syndrome, also known as hyaline membrane disease, occurs almost exclusively in premature infants. The incidence and severity of respiratory distress syndrome are related inversely to the gestational age of the new-born infant.
Shortness of breath is a common complaint encountered by the EMS provider. We often hear it as part of a litany of other S/S or as a primary chief complaint. In either case SOB is never to be taken lightly and its causes should always be thoroughly investigated. My desire with this article is to give you some tips on how to streamline your treatment and formulate your thoughts as to how to proceed. In all cases the EMS team is responsible to respond to the needs of the patient. Hypoxia, regardless of the source needs to be vigorously addressed. The lungs need to be opened or cleared as determined by the physical exam. The cause of the SOB needs to be determined and addressed. Education and counselling of parents, caregivers, and families of premature infants must be undertaken as part of discharge planning. These individuals should be advised of the potential problems infants with respiratory distress syndrome may encounter during and after their nursery stay.
Author
Sharespike
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Preeclampsia for MD's | Preeclampsia for MD's
Overview
Preeclampsia is a disorder of widespread vascular endothelial malfunction and vasospasm that occurs after 20 weeks' gestation and can present as late as 4-6 weeks post-partum. It is clinically defined by hypertension and proteinuria, with or without pathologic edema.
Preeclampsia is defined as the presence of (1) a systolic blood pressure (SBP) greater than or equal to 140 mm Hg or a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg or higher, on two occasions at least 4 hours apart in a previously normotensive patient, OR (2) an SBP greater than or equal to 160 mm Hg or a DBP greater than or equal to 110 mm Hg or higher (In this case, hypertension can be confirmed within minutes to facilitate timely antihypertensive therapy.).
In addition to the blood pressure criteria, proteinuria of greater than or equal to 0.3 grams in a 24-hour urine specimen, a protein (mg/dL)/creatinine (mg/dL) ratio of 0.3 or higher, or a urine dipstick protein of 1+ (if a quantitative measurement is unavailable) is required to diagnose preeclampsia.
Eclampsia is defined as seizures that cannot be attributable to other causes in a woman with preeclampsia. HELLP syndrome (haemolysis, elevated liver enzyme, low platelets) may complicate severe preeclampsia.
Because the clinical manifestations of preeclampsia can be heterogeneous, diagnosing preeclampsia may not be straightforward. Preeclampsia without severe features may be asymptomatic. Many cases are detected through routine prenatal screening.
Authors
Sharespike
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Phlebotomists Part 2 | Medical Laboratory Phlebotomists Part 2
Medical Laboratory Phlebotomists Part 2
Overview Phlebotomy is the act of drawing or removing blood from the circulatory system through a cut (incision) or puncture to obtain a sample for analysis and diagnosis. Phlebotomy is also done as part of the patient's treatment for certain blood disorders. Phlebotomy that is part of treatment (therapeutic phlebotomy) is performed to treat polycythemia vera, a condition that causes an elevated red blood cell volume (haematocrit). Phlebotomy is also prescribed for patients with disorders that increase the amount of iron in their blood to dangerous levels, such as hemochromatosis, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Patients with pulmonary edema may undergo phlebotomy procedures to decrease their total blood volume. This course, Part 2 discusses Urinalysis, Body Fluids, Clinical Immunology, Professional Authority, Society Authorisation, Code of Ethics, Special Culture, Professional Organisations and Professionalism are discussed.
Sharespike
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Phlebotomists Part 1 | Medical Laboratory Phlebotomists Part 1
Medical Laboratory Phlebotomists Part 1
Overview
Phlebotomy is the act of drawing or removing blood from the circulatory system through a cut (incision) or puncture to obtain a sample for analysis and diagnosis. Phlebotomy is also done as part of the patient's treatment for certain blood disorders. Phlebotomy is also used to remove blood from the body during blood donation and for analysis of the substances contained within it. Phlebotomy is performed by a nurse or a technician known as a phlebotomist. Blood is usually taken from a vein on the back of the hand or just below the elbow. Some blood tests, however, may require blood from an artery. Properly performed, phlebotomy does not carry the risk of mortality. It may cause temporary pain and bleeding, but these are usually easily managed. Phlebotomy is a necessary medical procedure and is required for a wide variety of other procedures. This course discusses such procedures in more detail and also Urinalysis and Microbiology as a matter of interest. In part 2 of this course Urinalysis, Body Fluids, Clinical Immunology, Professional Authority, Society Authorisation, Code of Ethics, Special Culture, Professional Organisations and Professionalism are discussed.
Authors Sharespike
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Science Professional Part 2 | Medical Laboratory Science Professional Part 2
Medical Laboratory Science Professional Part 2
Overview
Medical laboratory science professionals, often called medical laboratorians, are vital healthcare detectives, uncovering and providing laboratory information from laboratory analyses that assist physicians in patient diagnosis and treatment, as well as in disease monitoring or prevention (maintenance of health). We use sophisticated biomedical instrumentation and technology, computers, and methods requiring manual dexterity to perform laboratory testing on blood and body fluids. Laboratory testing encompasses such disciplines as clinical chemistry, haematology, immunology, immunohematology, microbiology, and molecular biology. Medical laboratory science professionals generate accurate laboratory data that are needed to aid in detecting cancer, heart attacks, diabetes, infectious mononucleosis, and identification of bacteria or viruses that cause infections, as well as in detecting drugs of abuse. In addition, we monitor testing quality and consult with other members of the healthcare team. Medical laboratory scientists have a more extensive theoretical knowledge base. Therefore, they not only perform laboratory procedures including very sophisticated analyses, but also evaluate/interpret the results, integrate data, problem solve, consult, conduct research, and develop new test methods. Part two of this course discusses Urinalysis, Body Fluids, Clinical Immunology, Professional Authority, Society Authorisation, Code of Ethics, Special Culture, Professional Organisations and Professionalism.
Authors Sharespike
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Science Professional Part 1 | Medical Laboratory Science Professional Part 1
Medical Laboratory Science Professional Part 1
Overview
Medical laboratory science professionals, often called medical laboratorians, are vital healthcare detectives, uncovering and providing laboratory information from laboratory analyses that assist physicians in patient diagnosis and treatment, as well as in disease monitoring or prevention (maintenance of health). We use sophisticated biomedical instrumentation and technology, computers, and methods requiring manual dexterity to perform laboratory testing on blood and body fluids. Laboratory testing encompasses such disciplines as clinical chemistry, haematology, immunology, immunohematology, microbiology, and molecular biology. Medical laboratory science professionals generate accurate laboratory data that are needed to aid in detecting cancer, heart attacks, diabetes, infectious mononucleosis, and identification of bacteria or viruses that cause infections, as well as in detecting drugs of abuse. In addition, we monitor testing quality and consult with other members of the healthcare team. Medical laboratory scientists have a more extensive theoretical knowledge base. Therefore, they not only perform laboratory procedures including very sophisticated analyses, but also evaluate/interpret the results, integrate data, problem solve, consult, conduct research, and develop new test methods. The practice of clinical laboratory science is a profession, regardless of whether it is well-known, or understood by non-healthcare professionals. In part 2 of this course, we discuss Urinalysis, Body Fluids, Clinical Immunology, Professional Authority, Society Authorisation, Code of Ethics, Special Culture, Professional Organisations and Professionalism.
Authors Sharespike
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Assistant Part 2 | Medical Laboratory Assistant Part 2
Medical Laboratory Assistant Part 2
Overview
Medical lab assistants are responsible for collecting and receiving blood, tissue, and other samples from patients, logging, prepping, performing routine tests, and setting up, cleaning, and sterilizing the lab and its equipment.
While medical laboratory assistants typically work directly in the lab, there are also many other skills and traits that they need to have, other than those that are taught in the diploma program. Medical laboratory assistants receive samples from six main areas of the hospital laboratory: chemistry, blood banking, haematology, coagulation, urinalysis, and microbiology.
The day-to-day duties and responsibilities of a medical lab assistant will vary depending on the type and size of the laboratory and organisation. While medical laboratory assistants typically work directly in the lab, there are also many other skills and traits that they need to have, other than those that are taught in the diploma program.
Part 2 of this course covers urinalysis and body fluids in depth.
Authors
Sharespike
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Assistant Part 1 | Medical Laboratory Assistant Part 1
Medical Laboratory Assistant Part 1
Overview
Medical lab assistants are responsible for collecting and receiving blood, tissue, and other samples from patients, logging, prepping, performing routine tests, and setting up, cleaning, and sterilizing the lab and its equipment.
While medical laboratory assistants typically work directly in the lab, there are also many other skills and traits that they need to have, other than those that are taught in the diploma program. Medical laboratory assistants receive samples from six main areas of the hospital laboratory: chemistry, blood banking, haematology, coagulation, urinalysis and microbiology.
The day-to-day duties and responsibilities of a medical lab assistant will vary depending on the type and size of the laboratory and organisation. While medical laboratory assistants typically work directly in the lab, there are also many other skills and traits that they need to have, other than those that are taught in the diploma program.
Part 1 of this course covers the main aspects being, chemistry, blood banking, urinalysis, haematology and coagulation and microbiology.
Authors
Sharespike
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Psychometric properties of the Care Dependency Scale in stroke survivors in Indonesian hospitals | Psychometric properties of the Care Dependency Scale in stroke survivors in Indonesian hospitals
Psychometric properties of the Care Dependency Scale in stroke survivors in Indonesian hospitals
Overview: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the Care Dependency Scale (CDS) among stroke survivors.
The study was undertaken in four hospitals. We analysed datasets obtained from 109 stroke survivors on inpatient wards and in outpatient clinics, who were rated by nurses to determine the CDS reliability coefficients. The Cronbach’s a and Cohen’s kappa coefficients were applied. Concurrent validity was conducted for the data on care dependency, which were collected from 49 of these 109 participants on inpatient wards by nurses using the CDS and the Barthel Index. A Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was conducted to measure the association between the CDS and the Barthel Index results.
In conclusion, an analysis of the results of the CDS tested on the inpatient ward and in the out-patient clinic revealed a high level of internal consistency. A significant, moderate correlation was observed between the CDS and Barthel Index results. The CDS can be recommended for use as a tool for the assessment and evaluation of stroke survivors who are receiving acute or long-term care.
Authors: Nursiswati Nursiswati, Ruud J.G. Halfens, Christa Lohrmann Journal: International Journal of Nursing Sciences
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Development and psychometric evaluation of nurses and midwives’ perceptions of their roles in primary healthcare | Development and psychometric evaluation of nurses and midwives’ perceptions of their roles in primary healthcare
Development and psychometric evaluation of nurses and midwives’ perceptions of their roles in primary healthcare
Overview: This study aimed to develop Nurses and Midwives’ Perceptions of their Roles in Primary Healthcare (NMPR-PHC) and evaluate its psychometric properties.
A cross-sectional survey was performed to recruit a convenient sample of 150 registered nurses and midwives from various primary healthcare settings in Jordan. Reliability was evaluated by examining the internal consistency and split-half reliability of the item. An exploratory factor analysis was performed to assess the factor structure of the NMPR-PHC.
The overall performance of the questionnaire showed promising sound psychometric properties. The NMPR-PHC can be recommended for use as a tool for the assessment of nurses and midwives’ perceptions of their roles in primary healthcare.
Authors: Tariq N. Al-Dwaikat, Wafa'a Ta'an, Mohammad Alrawashdeh, Nesrin Abu Baker, Nahla M. Al Ali Journal: International Journal of Nursing Sciences
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Fear of COVID-19 scale: Psychometric characteristics, reliability and validity in the Israeli population | Fear of COVID-19 scale: Psychometric characteristics, reliability and validity in the Israeli population
Fear of COVID-19 scale: Psychometric characteristics, reliability and validity in the Israeli population
Overview Mental health clinicians worldwide have been expressing concerns regarding the broad psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, only a few studies have thus far evaluated the degree of fear of COVID-19, partially due to the lack of validated measures. In this study we evaluated the psychometric properties of the Hebrew version of the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), recently developed to assess different aspects of the fear of the pandemic, in a normative population of participants in Israel. When forcing a two-factor structure model, the analysis revealed two factors pertaining to emotional fear reactions and symptomatic expressions of fear. Gender, sociodemographic status, chronic illness, being in an at-risk group, and having a family member dying of COVID-19 were positively associated with fear of COVID-19. The measure was associated with anxiety, stress and depression. These results suggest that the FCV-19S has good psychometric properties and can be utilized in studies assessing the effects of the pandemic on the population's mental health. Authors: Dana Tzur Bitan, Ariella Grossman-Giron, Yuval Bloch, Yael Mayer, Noga Shiffmand, Shlomo Mendlovic
Journal: Psychiatry Research 289 (2020) 113100
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Dyspnea: Pathophysiology and a clinical approach - EMT | Dyspnea: Pathophysiology and a clinical approach - EMT
Dyspnea: Pathophysiology and a clinical approach - EMT
Overview
Dyspnea is defined as a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity and may either be acute or chronic. This is a common and often distressing symptom reported by patients, and accounts for nearly half of hospital admissions. The distinct sensations often reported by patients include effort/work of breathing, chest tightness, and air hunger (a feeling of not enough air on inspiration). Dyspnea should be assessed by the intensity of these sensations, the degree of distress involved, and its burden or impact on instrumental activities. Dyspnea is a common and often distressing symptom and a frequent reason for general practitioner and clinic visits. Dyspnea is symptom, and its experience is subjective and varies greatly among individuals exposed to the same stimuli or with similar pathologies. This differential experience of Dyspnea among individuals emanates from interactions among multiple physiological, psychological, social, and environmental factors that induce secondary physiological and behavioural responses. The management of Dyspnea will depend on the underlying cause.
Author
Sharespike
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Emphysema, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Asthma | Emphysema, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Asthma
Emphysema, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Asthma
Overview Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are airflow-limited states contained within the disease state known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Just as asthma is no longer grouped with COPD, the current definition of COPD put forth by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) also no longer distinguishes between emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Emphysema is pathologically defined as an abnormal permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by the destruction of alveolar walls and without obvious fibrosis. This process leads to reduced gas exchange, changes in airway dynamics that impair expiratory airflow, and progressive air trapping. Clinically, the term emphysema is used interchangeably with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD.
The theory surrounding this definition has been around since the 1950s, with a key concept of irreversibility and/or permanent acinar damage. However, new data posit that increased collagen deposition leads to active fibrosis, which inevitably is associated with breakdown of the lung’s elastic framework.
Discussions on how obstructive diseases share similar phenotypes have been emerging and evolving within the literature. This course provides a particularly good outline.
Author Sharespike
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Hypertension Part 1 | Hypertension Part 1
Overview
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. For patients who are symptomatic, however, uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure are true medical emergencies that require rapid intervention in the ED. It is therefore important to understand the disease of chronic hypertension and, perhaps more important, episodes of acute and uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure so that we, as prehospital care providers, can better stratify these patients into low- and high-risk groups that may or may not require transport to an ED for evaluation and treatment.
As we will discuss, it is reasonable to say that not every patient who presents with hypertension is at high risk of morbidity and mortality and absolutely requires evaluation and treatment at an ED. This is not to say EMTs and paramedics should talk patients out of going to EDs for evaluation. Rather, we will strive to give prehospital care providers a better understanding of the risks involved with acute hypertension so they can better work with their patients to find a solution that is safe, reasonable and responsible for everyone involved. This article discusses the topic of acute hypertension, hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergencies in an effort to help EMS providers better understand these illnesses and help patients make the best decisions regarding their transport and care.
Authors:
Sharespike
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Technician Part 2 | Medical Laboratory Technician Part 2
Medical Laboratory Technician Part 2
Overview Medical technicians assist with medical diagnoses by performing tests for physicians and hospitals in a laboratory setting. They may test blood, bodily fluids and tissue samples for the presence of bacteria, viruses or diseases and provide the results to doctors. They also may specialize in working in a hospital department where they assist physicians and patients in surgery or other medical procedures. Medical technicians often work under the supervision and guidance of a medical technologist. Within each hospital or doctor’s office, training will involve the facility’s specific practices and guidelines for meeting safety and health regulations. A medical technician may receive additional on-the-job training to specialize in certain processes and procedures. As the medical field continuously changes, medical technicians should maintain current knowledge of best practices. They can read medical journals or blogs, complete online courses or attend webinars to continue learning about their field. Part 2 gives a broad outline of the duties and different tests performed by Laboratory Technicians.
Author Sharespike
| 3 | | R395.00 | |
| | PRP Injections for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials | PRP Injections for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
PRP Injections for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Overview Blood derivatives are increasingly used to modulate the intraarticular environment, aiming at reducing inflammatory distress and stimulating anabolism in different tissues. In particular, products with an increased concentration of platelets have been developed to address osteoarthritis (OA), based on positive in vitro findings suggesting the potential of platelet-derived growth factors (GFs). Platelet concentrates (platelet-rich plasma [PRP]) are therefore a simple, low-cost, and minimally invasive way to obtain a natural concentration of these GFs and bioactive molecules.
The purpose of these trials was to evaluate effectiveness, in terms of patient-reported outcome measures, of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections for knee osteoarthritis compared to placebo and other intraarticular treatments.
It was conclusive that the effect of platelet concentrates goes beyond its mere placebo effect, and PRP injections provide better results than other injectable options. This benefit increases over time, being not significant at earlier follow-up but becoming clinically significant after 6 to 12 months.
Authors Giuseppe Filardo, Davide Previtali, Francesca Napoli, Christian Candrian, Stefano Zaffagnini, and Alberto Grassi
Journal Sage Journals - Cartilage
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Sleep and the athlete: narrative review and 2021 expert consensus recommendations | Sleep and the athlete: narrative review and 2021 expert consensus recommendations
Sleep and the athlete: narrative review and 2021 expert consensus recommendations
Overview An ever-growing volume of peer-reviewed Publications speaks to the recent and rapid growth in scope and understanding of sleep for optimal athlete health and performance.
Herein, a panel of international experts review the current knowledge on sleep and the athlete, briefly covering the background, exploring continued controversies, highlighting fruitful avenues for future research and providing practical recommendations. The introduction section covers the need for sleep, including sleep architecture and the restorative benefits of sleep for the brain and body.
Pitfalls and challenges measuring athlete sleep are reviewed, and practical recommendations provided. The following section, entitled sleep and the athlete, covers the influence of sleep inadequacy and sleep extension on athletic performance. This article reviews the evidence that elite athletes are particularly susceptible to sleep inadequacy, for example, during intensified training and in those reporting symptoms of over-reaching and overtraining. The final section, entitled strategies to improve sleep, provides practical recommendations to alleviate the symptoms of jet lag, nutritional strategies to enhance sleep and a toolbox for practitioners to manage and optimise athlete sleep.
Authors Neil P Walsh et al.
Journal British Journal Sports Med 2020
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | The effectiveness of routine physiotherapy with and without neuromobilization on pain and functional disability in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome; a randomized control clinical trial | The effectiveness of routine physiotherapy with and without neuromobilization on pain and functional disability in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome; a randomized control clinical trial
The effectiveness of routine physiotherapy with and without neuromobilization on pain and functional disability in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome; a randomized control clinical trial
Overview
The shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) consists of the rotator cuff tendonitis and bursitis of the shoulder1. It shows the inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon inside the anteroinferior junction of the acromion and the greater tuberosity of the humerus. Patients with SIS report severe acute pain which increases during overhead activities as well as sleeping on affected side.
Present study was aimed to discover evidence based conservative and cost-effective remedy on pain and functional disability. The execution of specific components of body movements to generate mechanical incident in the neural system is called NM. Mechanical management may therefore be used to augment physiology in the nervous system5. It has already been observed that there are three theories projected for the local etiological origin of tendon pain: 1-mechanical, 2-vascular and 3- neural.
The objective of the study was to compare the effects of NM techniques and routine physiotherapy on pain and functional disability in patients having SIS. Present study was aimed to discover evidence based conservative and cost-effective remedy on pain and functional disability.
Based on results, it is concluded that addition of NM with routine physiotherapy has greater improvement to reduce pain severity and disability in SIS patients than without NM.
Authors
Akhtar et al.
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Technician: Part 1 | Medical Laboratory Technician: Part 1
Medical Laboratory Technician: Part 1
Overview
Medical technicians assist with medical diagnoses by performing tests for physicians and hospitals in a laboratory setting. They may test blood, bodily fluids and tissue samples for the presence of bacteria, viruses or diseases and provide the results to doctors. They also may specialize in working in a hospital department where they assist physicians and patients in surgery or other medical procedures.
Medical technicians often work under the supervision and guidance of a medical technologist. Within each hospital or doctor’s office, training will involve the facility’s specific practices and guidelines for meeting safety and health regulations. A medical technician may receive additional on-the-job training to specialize in certain processes and procedures.
As the medical field continuously changes, medical technicians should maintain current knowledge of best practices. They can read medical journals or blogs, complete online courses or attend webinars to continue learning about their field.
This course (Part 1) gives a broad outline of the duties and different tests performed by Laboratory Technicians.
Author Sharespike
| 3 | | R395.00 | |
| | Burn Resuscitation and Early Management | Burn Resuscitation and Early Management
Burn Resuscitation and Early Management
Overview Burn resuscitation refers to the replacement of fluids in burn patients to combat the hypovolemia and hypoperfusion that can result from the body’s systemic response to burn injury. The history of modern burn resuscitation can be traced back to observations made after large urban fires at the Rialto Theatre (New Haven, Conn) in 1921 and the Coconut Grove nightclub (Boston, Mass) in 1942. At the time, physicians noted that some patients with large burns survived the event but died from shock in the observation periods. Underhill and Moore identified the concept of thermal injury–induced intravascular fluid deficits in the 1930s and 1940s, and Evans soon followed with the earliest fluid resuscitation formulas in 1952. Up to that point, burns covering as little as 10-20% of total body surface area (TBSA) were associated with high rates of mortality. Burns are a serious cause of human suffering and mortality globally. As many as 5% of burn victims will die as a result of their injuries, and many others will suffer disability, disfigurement, or scarring. This course addresses vital information regarding burn resuscitation and the early management thereof.
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Convulsions and Seizures | Convulsions and Seizures
Overview Emergency services attend patients who are having a seizure on almost a daily basis. Consequently, they should understand the disease processes related to seizures and be confident in their prehospital management. In general, with the exception of a patient in Status Epilepticus, seizure management should be relatively straight forward. So, what is a seizure and what causes it? Basically, a seizure is any unusually excessive neuronal firing from the brain which manifests as changes in a patient’s motor/sensory control, sensory perception, behaviour and autonomic function.
At a chemical level a seizure occurs when there is a sudden biochemical imbalance between the excitatory neurotransmitters and inhibitory neurotransmitters. The primary excitatory neurotransmitter found in the human central nervous system is called N-Methyl D Aspartate (NMDA); whereas the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter is called gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). When there is an imbalance between these chemical mediators repeated firing and excitations of the neuronal cells occur.
Depending on the area of the brain in which this occurs, the seizure will manifest as a focal seizure, sensory change, behaviour disturbance, or complete tonic and clonic muscular activity. This course addresses important aspects relating to convulsions and seizures
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Bradycardia | Bradycardia
Overview
Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate prehospital care, but to date all treatment guidelines have been based on an in-hospital treatment. At EMS World Expo Peter Taillac, MD, detailed the process of an expert panel to research and publish an evidence-based guideline (EBG) for the recognition and treatment of anaphylaxis. The expert panel attempted to answer a series of questions about anaphylaxis assessment and treatment through literature research and review. The guideline is intended to serve as the scientific basis for future EMS anaphylaxis protocols. Good evidence suggests that physicians under-prescribe epinephrine and that patients (or their parents) fail to use epinephrine as quickly as possible. Accordingly, at discharge, all patients should be provided an epinephrine autoinjector and should receive proper instruction on how to self-administer it in case of a subsequent episode.
| 3 | | R120.00 | |
| | Bradycardia | Bradycardia
Overview Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate prehospital care, but to date all treatment guidelines have been based on an in-hospital treatment. At EMS World Expo Peter Taillac, MD, detailed the process of an expert panel to research and publish an evidence-based guideline (EBG) for the recognition and treatment of anaphylaxis. The expert panel attempted to answer a series of questions about anaphylaxis assessment and treatment through literature research and review. The guideline is intended to serve as the scientific basis for future EMS anaphylaxis protocols.
Good evidence suggests that physicians under-prescribe epinephrine and that patients (or their parents) fail to use epinephrine as quickly as possible. Accordingly, at discharge, all patients should be provided an epinephrine autoinjector and should receive proper instruction on how to self-administer it in case of a subsequent episode.
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Anaphylactic Reaction Protocol | Anaphylactic Reaction Protocol
Anaphylactic Reaction Protocol
Overview Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate prehospital care, but to date all treatment guidelines have been based on an in-hospital treatment. At EMS World Expo Peter Taillac, MD, detailed the process of an expert panel to research and publish an evidence-based guideline (EBG) for the recognition and treatment of anaphylaxis. The expert panel attempted to answer a series of questions about anaphylaxis assessment and treatment through literature research and review. The guideline is intended to serve as the scientific basis for future EMS anaphylaxis protocols.
Good evidence suggests that physicians under-prescribe epinephrine and that patients (or their parents) fail to use epinephrine as quickly as possible. Accordingly, at discharge, all patients should be provided an epinephrine autoinjector and should receive proper instruction on how to self-administer it in case of a subsequent episode.
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Predisposing factors and radiological features in patients with internal carotid artery dissection or vertebral artery dissection | Predisposing factors and radiological features in patients with internal carotid artery dissection or vertebral artery dissection
Predisposing factors and radiological features in patients with internal carotid artery dissection or vertebral artery dissection
Overview Cranio-cervical artery dissection (CAD) refers to a tear in the artery lining, resulting in an intramural hematoma toward the intima or the adventitia of the internal carotid artery or vertebral artery. CAD is an important cause of ischemic stroke in young and middle-aged individuals. However, very few studies have compared the differential features between internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) and vertebral artery dissection (VAD), including both cervical and intracranial artery dissections. CAD can affect the cranial or cervical portion of the internal carotid artery or vertebral artery. The predisposing factors, clinical presentation, radiological imaging, and outcome may differ between ICAD and VAD.
We conducted a study to investigate the predisposing factors and radiological features in patients with ICAD or VAD. It was found that the distribution of cervical and intracranial artery dissections was different between ICAD and VAD. The frequencies of radiological features such as double lumen, intimal flap, and dissecting aneurysms also differed in patients with ICAD and VAD.
Authors Yongjun Wu, Hongbin Chen, Shihui Xing, Shuangquan Tan, Xinran Chen, Yan Tan, Jinsheng Zeng and Jian Zhang
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Improvement of activity-related knee joint discomfort following supplementation of specific collagen peptides. | Improvement of activity-related knee joint discomfort following supplementation of specific collagen peptides.
Improvement of activity-related knee joint discomfort following supplementation of specific collagen peptides.
Overview The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of specific collagen peptides in reducing pain in athletes with functional knee problems during sport. The primary outcome of the study was in change in pain intensity during activity, which was evaluated by the participants and the attending physicians using a visual analogue scale. As secondary endpoints, pain intensity under resting conditions, the range of motion of the knee joint, and the use of additional therapeutic options were assessed. Due to the high joint mobility at baseline, no significant changes of this parameter could be detected. The use of additional treatment options was significantly reduced after BCP intake. The study demonstrated that the supplementation of specific collagen peptides in young adults with functional knee problems led to a statistically significant improvement of activity related joint pain.
Authors: Denise Zdzieblik, Steffen Oesser, Albert Gollhofer and Daniel König
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Can background noise increase the informational masking in a speech mixture? | Can background noise increase the informational masking in a speech mixture?
Can background noise increase the informational masking in a speech mixture?
Overview
In many everyday environments, speech understanding may be hindered both by the presence of sounds that obscure parts of the message [“energetic masking” (EM)] and by the presence of sounds that disrupt the listener’s ability to attend to the target talker [“informational masking” (IM)]. IM in such cases may be due to an inability to segregate the target from the competing sounds and/or from an inability to ignore the competing sounds.
This study tested the hypothesis that adding noise to a speech mixture may cause both energetic masking by obscuring parts of the target message and informational masking by impeding the segregation of competing voices. The stimulus was the combination of two talkers—one target and one masker—presented either in quiet or in noise. Target intelligibility was measured in this mixture and for conditions in which the speech was “glimpsed” to quantify the energetic masking present. The results suggested that the addition of background noise exacerbated informational masking, primarily by increasing the sparseness of the speech. Authors: Virginia Best, Christopher Conroy, and Gerald Kidd
Article: Citation: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 147, EL144 (2020); doi: 10.1121/10.0000719
| 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | No evidence for a link between noise exposure and auditory temporal processing for young adults with normal audiograms | No evidence for a link between noise exposure and auditory temporal processing for young adults with normal audiograms
No evidence for a link between noise exposure and auditory temporal processing for young adults with normal audiograms
Overview:
The link between lifetime noise exposure and temporal processing abilities was investigated for 45 normal-hearing participants, recruited from a population of undergraduate students, aged 18 to 23 years. A self-report instrument was employed to assess the amount of neuropathic noise (here defined as sounds with levels exceeding approximately 80 dBA) each participant had been exposed to and sensitivity to temporal-fine-structure and temporal-envelope information was determined using frequency discrimination and envelope irregularity detection tasks, respectively.
Despite sizable individual variability in all measures, correlations between noise exposure and the ability to process temporal cues were small and non-significant.
Authors:
Christian Füllgrabe, Matthew Moody, and Brian C. J. Moore
Article:
Citation: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 147, EL465 (2020); doi: 10.1121/10.0001346
| 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | Singing in different rooms: Common or individual adaptation patterns to the acoustic conditions? | Singing in different rooms: Common or individual adaptation patterns to the acoustic conditions?
Singing in different rooms: Common or individual adaptation patterns to the acoustic conditions?
Overview:
A classical singing performance occurring in different rooms is likely to vary for different reasons. This study investigates to which extent this variation is due to different acoustic conditions. To analyse the performance of four singers rendering four musical pieces in eight different rooms, room acoustical parameters were used to predict musical performance features extracted from recordings based on linear mixed-effects models.
Considering the common behaviour of all singers, only a small proportion of the variance in performance can be explained. Instead, rather individual patterns indicate that each singer developed a specific strategy of adaptation to the varying acoustic environment.
Authors:
Paul Luizard, Jochen Steffens, and Stefan Weinzierl
Article:
Citation: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 147, EL132 (2020); doi: 10.1121/10.0000715
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | The effect of simulated room acoustic parameters on the intelligibility and perceived reverberation of monosyllabic words and sentences | The effect of simulated room acoustic parameters on the intelligibility and perceived reverberation of monosyllabic words and sentences
The effect of simulated room acoustic parameters on the intelligibility and perceived reverberation of monosyllabic words and sentences
Overview: Speech becomes more difficult to understand as the degree of reverberation increases. Individual acoustic parameters of reverberation have the potential to affect both the intelligibility of speech and the degree of perceived reverberation. While the acoustic parameters of DRR and RT clearly affect speech perception, they have often been confounded together when modelling specific acoustic spaces or studied on their own.
Importantly, DRR is calculated as an energy ratio of the direct sound and the room reverberation. The current experiments used monaural acoustic simulations to investigate the effect of reverberation time (RT) and direct-to-reverberant ratio (DRR) on word and sentence intelligibility at different levels of analysis (phonemes, words, and sentences). Perceived reverberation and recall of sentences were also assessed. Intelligibility and perceived reverberation decreased with increasing RT and decreasing DRR (particularly between 0 and 10 dB).
Results indicate consistent effects of both RT and DRR on the intelligibility and perceived reverberation of words and sentences.
Authors: Daniel Fogerty, Ahmed Alghamdi and Wai-Yip Chan Article: J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 147 (5), May 2020
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | The Effect of Hearing Aid Use on Cognition in Older Adults: Can We Delay Decline or Even Improve Cognitive Function? | The Effect of Hearing Aid Use on Cognition in Older Adults: Can We Delay Decline or Even Improve Cognitive Function?
The Effect of Hearing Aid Use on Cognition in Older Adults: Can We Delay Decline or Even Improve Cognitive Function?
Overview: Hearing loss is a modifiable risk factor for dementia in older adults. Whether hearing aid use can delay the onset of cognitive decline is unknown. Participants in this study (aged 62–82 years) were assessed before and 18 months after hearing aid fitting on hearing, cognitive function, speech perception, quality of life, physical activity, loneliness, isolation, mood, and medical health.
At baseline, multiple linear regression showed hearing loss and age predicted significantly poorer executive function performance, while tertiary education predicted significantly higher executive function and visual learning performance. At 18 months after hearing aid fitting, speech perception in quiet, self-reported listening disability and quality of life had significantly improved. Group mean scores across the cognitive test battery showed no significant decline, and executive function significantly improved.
Authors: Julia Sarant, David Harris, Peter Busby, Paul Maru, Adrian Schembri, Ulrike Lemke and Stefan Launer
Article: J. Clin. Med. 2020
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Catastrophe in Radiology: Considerations Beyond Common Emergencies | Catastrophe in Radiology: Considerations Beyond Common Emergencies
Catastrophe in Radiology: Considerations Beyond Common Emergencies
Overview Organizations around the world increasingly prepare for the “what ifs” of our environments. Regulating and certifying agencies mandate organizational plans for threat management to include risk factor identification, threat mitigation, prevention (when possible), response to, and recovery from the event. Disasters often occur without warning and have the potential to affect large numbers of people. Those in the radiology environment experience unique effects on them, their equipment, and their ability to provide quality patient care. Lessons can be learned by reviewing events and their impact on imaging departments around the world. Radiology departments need to be actively involved in the disaster planning and the management of disasters when they occur. Common themes emerge regardless of the type of disaster, and these themes should be included in all planning.
Even with an ever-increasing amount of information available and regulations to comply with, radiology departments are still often excluded from a hospital's disaster management plan and drills. Often, it is not until an organization experiences a catastrophic event that the identification of a plan for radiology's role during a disaster comes to mind.
Authors Valerie Aarne Grossman
Journal Journal of Radiology Nursing
| 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Achilles Tendinopathy | Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Achilles Tendinopathy
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Achilles Tendinopathy
Overview
Achilles tendinopathy is confirmed by a clinical symptom triad of pain, swelling, and limited function. Achilles tendon injuries are classified by the anatomical area into non-insertional and insertional. The major symptom of non-insertional tendinopathy is pain located 2 to 6 cm proximal to the insertion of the tendon into the calcaneus. Patients suffering from insertional pathology usually present with lesions in the distal portion of the structure, i.e., posterosuperior calcaneal protuberance. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is among the conservative treatments for Achilles tendinopathy. Unfortunately, no optimal application parameters have been determined that would ensure ESWT effectiveness in this condition. +e aim of the paper is to use research reports on ESWT in patients with Achilles tendinopathy to help practising physiotherapists establish the most effective intervention parameters. The two modalities of shock wave therapy used for Achilles tendinopathy are focused shock waves and radial shock waves. The literature contains reports presenting mainly beneficial effects of ESWT in patients with Achilles tendinopathy.
Authors Magdalena Stania, Grzegorz Juras, Daria Chmielewska, Anna Polak, Cezary Kucio, and Piotr Król
Journal BioMed Research International / 2019 / Article
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Brain Connectivity Changes after Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: A Randomized Manual - Placebo Controlled Trial | Brain Connectivity Changes after Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: A Randomized Manual - Placebo Controlled Trial
Brain Connectivity Changes after Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: A Randomized Manual - Placebo Controlled Trial
Overview
The effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) on functional brain connectivity in healthy adults is missing in the literature. The main advantage for patients is the effective relief of acute and chronic pain. Indeed, OMT was proved effective on conditions and disorders beyond the sensory and motor system, including the reduction of hospitalization length in a large population of preterm infants, effects in anxiety and fatigue in people with Multiple Sclerosis and on autonomic and neuroendocrine responses. The neurophysiological effects underlying clinical improvements are still under debate. Although models explaining the therapeutic effects of OMT include potential brain mechanisms, few studies have been carried out to investigate brain mechanism changes after OMT. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research includes several different approaches to estimate cortical functions. Several of these approaches have demonstrated functional brain changes associated with OMT. Using Arterial Spin Labeling MRI, we recently demonstrated that the treatment of somatic dysfunctions induces cerebral perfusion changes in asymptomatic young participants. This research provides the first preliminary evidence of brain network connectivity changes due to OMT, opening further insights into potential effects of OMT on brain functional activity. Moreover, it suggests future investigations in this unexplored field, particularly on symptomatic subjects.
Authors Marco Tramontano, Francesco Cerritelli, Federica Piras, Barbara Spanò, Federica Tamburella, Fabrizio Piras, Carlo Caltagirone, and Tommaso Gili Journal Brain Sci. 2020 Dec; 10(12): 969.
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Acute Physiological Response of Lumbar Intervertebral Discs to High-load Deadlift Exercise | Acute Physiological Response of Lumbar Intervertebral Discs to High-load Deadlift Exercise
Acute Physiological Response of Lumbar Intervertebral Discs to High-load Deadlift Exercise
Overview
A deadlift is a popular exercise that is frequently incorporated into athletic training programs. This exercise is effective in strengthening the back and lower extremity muscles, but the lumbar spine is subject to mechanical stress such as shear and compression forces during deadlift. The stress is expected to become greater with increasing exercise weight. Therefore, the lumbar region is most susceptible to injury during high-load deadlift. In addition, the repeated lifting of heavy weights has been identified as a risk factor for lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration/herniation. The lumbar intervertebral discs are thought to gradually degenerate through high-load deadlift training. However, to the best of our knowledge, little is known about the acute physiological changes of the lumbar intervertebral discs resulting from high-load deadlift exercise.
This study aimed to evaluate the acute physiological effects of high-load deadlift exercise on the lumbar intervertebral discs using MR diffusion-weighted imaging. Fifteen volunteers (11 men and 4 women;) without lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration performed deadlift exercise.
It was concluded that the movement of water molecules within the lumbar intervertebral discs is suppressed by high-load deadlift exercise, which would be attributed to mechanical stress on the lumbar intervertebral discs during deadlift exercise. In particular, the L5/S1 disc is subjected to greater mechanical stress than the other lumbar intervertebral discs.
Authors Osamu Yanagisawa, Tomoki Oshikawa, Naoto Matsunaga, Gen Adachi and Koji Kaneoka Journal J-STAGE
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 | Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Overview
The world’s population is ageing and the number of people living with non-communicable diseases and the consequences of injuries is increasing.The current demographic and health shifts are contributing to a rapid increase in the number of people experiencing disability or declines in functioning for substantially larger periods of their lives. These trends should urge health policy planners to prioritise rehabilitation services for several reasons.
Rehabilitation has often been a disability-specific service needed by only few of the population. Despite its individual and societal benefits, rehabilitation has not been prioritised in countries and is under-resourced. We present global, regional, and country data for the number of people who would benefit from rehabilitation at least once during their disabling illness or injury.
To the authors knowledge, this is the first study to produce a global estimate of the need for rehabilitation services and to show that at least one in every three people in the world needs rehabilitation at some point in the course of their illness or injury. This number counters the common view of rehabilitation as a service required by only few people. They argue that rehabilitation needs to be brought close to communities as an integral part of primary health care to reach more people in need.
Authors Alarcos Cieza, Kate Causey, Kaloyan Kamenov, Sarah Wulf Hanson, Somnath Chatterji, Theo Vos
Journal The Lancet Journal
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Guideline summary review an evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of low back pain | Guideline summary review an evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of low back pain
Guideline summary review an evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of low back pain
Overview
To improve the knowledge base concerning the diagnosis and treatment of nonspecific low back pain in adult patients, the Low Back Pain Work Group of the North American Spine Society’s (NASS) Evidence-Based Guideline Development Committee developed an evidence-based clinical guideline on this topic. When employing the principles of evidence-based medicine, the clinical literature is extensively searched to answer specific clinical questions about a disease state or medical condition. The evidence with the highest possible levels of evidence obtained from the searches is utilized to answer the specific clinical questions. As a final step, the answers to clinical questions are reformulated as recommendations. Recommendations are then assigned a recommendation grade according to the level of evidence for the best clinical evidence available at the time of answering each question. The intent of the grade of recommendation is to indicate the strength of evidence used by the work group in answering the question asked. Eighty-two clinical questions were addressed in this guideline. Work group members engaged in a two-step screening process to determine article eligibility, including title and abstract screening and evidentiary review. The total number of articles retrieved, eligible for critical appraisal, 1000 D.S. Kreiner et al. / The Spine Journal 20 (2020) 998-1024 and meeting inclusion criteria for each individual clinical question can be accessed in the technical report. A total of 119 recommendations and two work group consensus statements were issued.
Authors D Scott Kreiner et al
Journal Spine J 2020 Jul;20(7):998-1024.
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Neuromuscular Function of the Knee Joint Following Knee njuries: Does It Ever Get Back to Normal? A Systematic Review with Meta Analyses | Neuromuscular Function of the Knee Joint Following Knee njuries: Does It Ever Get Back to Normal? A Systematic Review with Meta Analyses
Neuromuscular Function of the Knee Joint Following Knee njuries: Does It Ever Get Back to Normal? A Systematic Review with Meta Analyses
Overview
Knee injury is an independent risk factor for the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in young adults. The prevalence of post-traumatic OA (PTOA) can be as high as 80% at 10+years after the initial injury, with 4–6 times higher odds compared to a non-injured knee. PTOA mainly affects a younger and more active population when compared to non-traumatic OA, resulting in longer years lived with disability [5], and surgical interventions 7–9 years earlier in life. Therefore, prevention strategies for PTOA development require particular attention.
There is also evidence of bilateral neuromuscular changes following unilateral knee injury, suggesting a requirement for healthy control groups instead of using the contralateral ‘healthy leg’ for an unbiased evaluation of post-traumatic neuromuscular alterations. Therefore, this study aimed to determine how neuromuscular function of the knee joint changes over time following knee injuries involving ligament, meniscus or cartilage compared to healthy controls.
Neuromuscular deficits persist for years post-injury/surgery, though most evidence is from ACL injured populations. Muscle strength deficits are accompanied by neural alterations and changes in control and timing of muscle force, but more studies are needed to fill the evidence gaps we have identified. Better characterisation and therapeutic strategies addressing these deficits could improve rehabilitation outcomes, and potentially prevent PTOA.
Authors Beyza Tayfur, Chedsada Charuphongsa, Dylan Morrissey, Stuart Charles Miller
Journal Sports Medicine
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Assessment of occupational noise-related hearing impairment among dental health personnel | Assessment of occupational noise-related hearing impairment among dental health personnel
Assessment of occupational noise-related hearing impairment among dental health personnel
Overview: The purpose of the study was to examine hearing thresholds among dental personnel. The secondary aim was to evaluate sound levels among dental equipment that dental personnel are exposed to. Two hundred forty-four dentists, dental technicians, dental assistants, and dental students participated. Sixty-two participated as a control group. Audiological thresholds for the test groups were compared to the control group. The authors reported statistically significant differences among hearing thresholds between the control group and others. The authors also reported a significant relationship between the degree of hearing impairment among dental assistants and the daily duration of exposure to dental occupational noise, followed by age. Hearing impairment was higher among dental professionals than the control group and especially among dental assistants and technicians. The authors recommended screening guidelines and adapting hearing protection methods for dental professionals and particularly for dental assistants and technicians.
Authors: Salah A. Al-Omoush, Khader J. Abdul-Baqi, Margaret Zuriekat, Firas Alsoleihat, Wijdan R. Elmanaseer, Kifah D. Jamani
Journal: J Occup Health. 2020;62:e12093.
| 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | Prevalence of Muscular Skeletal Disorders among Qualified Dental Assistants | Prevalence of Muscular Skeletal Disorders among Qualified Dental Assistants
Prevalence of Muscular Skeletal Disorders among Qualified Dental Assistants
Overview: The occupation of dental assistants (DAs) involves many health risks of the musculoskeletal system due to static and prolonged work, which can lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of MSDs in DAs in Germany. For this purpose, an online questionnaire analyzed 406 (401 female participants and 5 male participants, 401w/5m) DAs. It was based on the Nordic Questionnaire (lifetime, 12-month, and seven-day MSDs’ prevalence separated into neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist, upper back, lower back, hip, knee, and ankle), and occupational and sociodemographic questions as well as questions about specific medical conditions. 98.5% of the participants reported complaints of at least one body region in their lives, 97.5% reported at least one complaint in the last 12 months and 86.9% armed at least one complaint in the last seven days. For lifetime, 12-month and seven-day prevalence, the neck was the region that was most affected followed by the shoulder, the upper back and the lower back.
The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among Dental Assistants was extremely high. The most affected area is the neck, followed by the shoulder, the lower back, and the upper back. It, therefore, seems necessary to devote more attention to ergonomics at the working practice of Dental Assistants as well in education and in dental work.
Authors: Daniela Ohlendorf, Yvonne Haas, Antonia Naser, Jasmin Haenel, Laura Maltry, Fabian Holzgreve, Christina Erbe, Werner Betz, Eileen M. Wanke, Dörthe Brüggmann, Albert Nienhaus and David A. Groneberg
Journal: Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3490;
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| | Status of Vaccination Against Hepatitis B Among Dental Assistants of Multan | Status of Vaccination Against Hepatitis B Among Dental Assistants of Multan
Status of Vaccination Against Hepatitis B Among Dental Assistants of Multan
Overview: Direct contact of dental health care workers (and doctors) with patients makes them prone to get infection with hepatitis B and other communicable disease. Dentists are profoundly at risk of getting infected from patient's saliva and blood. Stick Injuries with needle or other sharp instruments used during medical procedures and blood transfusion have the risk to transfer hepatitis B among the medicinal services specialists. It is important to prepare for safety measures to avoid cross infection with Hepatitis B.4 Dental assistants work closely with patients, under the guidance of a dental surgeon. It is an ethical duty of an employee to protect the patient and health care assistant from cross infection contamination.6 Immunization against Hepatitis B should be mandatory for every health care worker.
The objective of this study was to find out the status of vaccination against of Hepatitis B virus among dental assistants of Multan.
It was concluded that lack of motivation was the main reason for not receiving vaccination. Self-reported rate of hepatitis B vaccination among Dental Assistants of Multan was low. Lack of motivation was the main impediment.
Authors: Mohsin Javaid, Muhammad Jamil, Mustafa Sajid
Journal: J Pak Dent Assoc
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| | Dentists’ Performance in Dentin-Composite Resin Bonding Before and After Hands-On Course Learning | Dentists’ Performance in Dentin-Composite Resin Bonding Before and After Hands-On Course Learning
Dentists’ Performance in Dentin-Composite Resin Bonding Before and After Hands-On Course Learning
Overview:
The restoration longevity depends on a high dentin-composite bond quality. This study investigated learning outcomes when using etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives among general practitioners in a hands-on bonding test course. In this study they recruited 30 general practitioners to perform shear bond strength (SBS) tests using five adhesives: one Peakâ Universal Bond (PUB) etch-and-rinse and four Futurabond DC, Single Bond universal (SBU), Versa Optibond (VOB), and Tetric-N Bond Self-Etch (TNS)self-etch adhesives. SBS tests were conducted at pre-demonstration (pre-demo), post-demonstration (post-demo), and 24-h storage (delayed bonding) stages. SBS data were analyzed with paired Student’s t-tests. We defined 17 MPa as “qualified bond strength (QBS)”. The percentages of samples with SBS achieving QBS were analyzed using Mantele Haenszel chi-square tests. The fracture surfaces of the samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
This continuing education hands-on course does help dentists to improve the bond strength especially when the self-etch system is used.
Authors: Yu-Hsin Huang, Yin-Lin Wang, Po-Yen Lin, Yu-Jung Lai, Chun-Wen Cheng, Yu-Chih Chiang
Journal: Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Latex and synthetic rubber glove usage in UK general dental practice: changing trends | Latex and synthetic rubber glove usage in UK general dental practice: changing trends
Latex and synthetic rubber glove usage in UK general dental practice: changing trends
Overview: The aim of this study was to investigate the current frequency of use, and acceptability, of latex and non-latex containing dental gloves and dental dam in general dental practice in the UK by two different sources of data. General dental practitioners in the UK were invited to complete a questionnaire, which focused on the use of gloves and dental dam for their clinical work, while a well-known dental supplier was contacted with regards to their sales of different glove types. The purpose of which was to explore whether practitioners were making choices to avoid latex and therefore allergic reactions in the dental setting.
It was concluded that the majority of GDP's now routinely use non-latex containing gloves and dental dam in their clinical dentistry. Nitrile gloves are predominantly used. Examination gloves are used for straightforward extractions, with many practitioners also using them for minor oral surgery. Sales of latex containing gloves are continuing to decrease.
The clinical significance of this study is that the routine use of latex-containing products in UK dental practice is low and likely to reduce further, with on-going benefit for the dental practitioner, latex allergic patients and prevalence of latex allergy in the general population.
Authors: Emma Critchley, Michael.N. Pemberton Journal: Heliyon. 2020 May; 6(5): e03889.
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| | Dentist gender-related differences in patients’ oral health behaviour | Dentist gender-related differences in patients’ oral health behaviour
Dentist gender-related differences in patients’ oral health behaviour
Overview: This study aimed at determining whether oral health behaviour differs between patients regularly checked by male and female dentists. The analysis was based on a cross-sectional survey of 354 Japanese community residents (median age = 54 years; 145 men and 209 women) conducted in a municipality from January to February 2017. Data on demographic characteristics and factors associated with oral health behaviour were obtained through self-administered questionnaires. The association between regular dentist gender and patients’ regular dental care check-up and interdental cleaning performance was examined after adjusting for potential confounders.
Patients regularly checked by female dentists tended to have more preventive oral health behaviours than those regularly checked by male dentists. These findings suggest that dentist gender has important clinical implications for patients’ oral health behaviour.
Authors: Kenji Takeuchi, Yuki Noguchi, Yukie Nakai, Toshiyuki Ojima, and Yoshihisa Yamashita Journal: Journal of Oral Science, Vol. 62, No. 1, 32-35, 2020
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | The use of interdental brushes or oral irrigators as adjuvants to conventional oral hygiene associated with recurrence of periodontitis in periodontal maintenance therapy: A 6-year prospective study | The use of interdental brushes or oral irrigators as adjuvants to conventional oral hygiene associated with recurrence of periodontitis in periodontal maintenance therapy: A 6-year prospective study
The use of interdental brushes or oral irrigators as adjuvants to conventional oral hygiene associated with recurrence of periodontitis in periodontal maintenance therapy: A 6-year prospective study
Overview Prospective studies investigating the influence of adjuvants to oral hygiene procedures on the recurrence of periodontitis (RP) during periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT) programs have not been previously reported. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of oral irrigator devices or interdental brushes as adjuncts to toothbrushing associated with dental flossing to improving periodontal condition and reducing RP among individuals under PMT. From a 6-year prospective PMT cohort study (n = 268), 142 individuals who attended at least one PMT visit within 12 months were determined to be eligible. According to oral hygiene adjuvants use, they were categorized into three groups: 1) manual brushing/dental flossing + interdental brushes (BDF + Ib; n = 44); 2) manual brushing/dental flossing + oral irrigator (BDF + Oi; n = 36); and 3) only manual brushing/dental flossing (BDF; n = 62). Full-mouth periodontal examination and oral hygiene habits were evaluated at two time points: T1 (after active periodontal therapy) and T2 (6 years). Including these adjuvants to conventional oral hygiene have shown to improve biofilm control during PMT leading to a better periodontal status maintenance.
Authors Fernando Oliveira Costa, Amanda Almeida Costa, Luís Otávio Miranda Cota
Journal J Periodontol.
| 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | The effect of using a mobile application (“WhiteTeeth”) on improving oral hygiene: A randomized controlled trial | The effect of using a mobile application (“WhiteTeeth”) on improving oral hygiene: A randomized controlled trial
The effect of using a mobile application (“WhiteTeeth”) on improving oral hygiene: A randomized controlled trial
Overview: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of the “WhiteTeeth” mobile app, a theory based mobile health (mHealth) program for promoting oral hygiene in adolescent orthodontic patients. Failure to practise good oral hygiene results in prolonged accumulation of biofilm (dental plaque), which potentially increases levels of cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans. These produce acids that cause enamel demineralization. As a result, many patients with fixed appliances have dental caries, specifically white-spot lesions, which can lead to aesthetic problems that potentially cancel out the beneficial effect of the orthodontic treatment. The results show that adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances can be helped to improve their oral hygiene when usual care is combined with a mobile app that provides oral health education and automatic coaching. Authors: Janneke F. M. Scheerman | Berno van Meijel | Pepijn van Empelen | Gijsbert H. W. Verrips | Cor van Loveren | Jos W. R. Twisk | Amir H. Pakpour | Matheus C. T. van den Braak | Gem J. C. Kramer
Journal: International Journal of Dental Hygiene
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| | Desmoid fibromatosis of the pancreas: A case report with radiologic-pathologic correlation | Desmoid fibromatosis of the pancreas: A case report with radiologic-pathologic correlation
Desmoid fibromatosis of the pancreas: A case report with radiologic-pathologic correlation
Overview Pancreas is an exceptionally rare location for desmoid tumours. There are very few case reports of pancreatic fibromatosis in the English radiology literature. This article presents a case of a 45-year-old male with a mixed solid and cystic desmoid tumour of the pancreas which was surgically resected and was followed by recurrence in the mesentery. This will be the first case report of pancreatic desmoid with documented recurrence of fibromatosis in the mesentery which was also surgically resected and confirmed on pathology. In this case report, this entity’s radiological findings with pathology correlation, clinical findings and management were discussed along with literature review.
Authors Kanika Khanna, Fatemeh Abdollahi Mofakham, Darshan Gandhi, Nitin Jain
Journal Radiology Case Reports 15 (2020) 2324 – 2328
| 3 | | R440.00 | |
| | The Value of Treating Opioid Use Disorder in Family Medicine: From the Patient Perspective | The Value of Treating Opioid Use Disorder in Family Medicine: From the Patient Perspective
The Value of Treating Opioid Use Disorder in Family Medicine: From the Patient Perspective
Overview Despite evidence demonstrating that medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) reduce morbidity and mortality, most patients do not receive treatment. The National Academies of Science call for more research exploring the patient’s perspective of treatment modalities to increase access to individualized, patient-centred care. The aim of this article is to build on existing literature by describing patient experiences treated for OUD in a rural family medicine setting. Participants’ experiences with OBOT were generally positive and shaped by societal structures and institutions, their life before treatment, their treatment history, and the kind of care they received in OBOT. Patients identified accessibility and privacy as advantages to receiving OBOT in primary care. This research identifies ways providers can provide individualized and effective OUD treatment within the family medicine setting.
Authors Claire Kane, BA, Catherine Leiner, Chase Harless, Kathleen A. Foley, E. Blake Fagan, and Courtenay Gilmore Wilson
Journal J Am Board Fam Med: first published as 10.3122/jabfm.2020.04.190389 on 16 July 2020
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Differential visual acuity: A new approach to measuring visual acuity. | Differential visual acuity: A new approach to measuring visual acuity.
Differential visual acuity: A new approach to measuring visual acuity.
Overview A novel type of acuity measurement, which we refer to as ‘differential acuity’, requires the observer to identify one unique target among three others which are identical. This is a proof of concept study aimed to determine if differential acuity is equivalent to standard measures of recognition acuity. To create a range of visual acuity, vision was optically blurred in sixteen adults with normal visual acuity. Visual acuity was then measured with the differential acuity targets in both crowded and uncrowded format and compared with standard ETDRS acuity or with singly presented letters and uncrowded letters were analysed separately. From this proof-of-concept study it was concluded that differential acuity gives similar results to the ETDRS chart in adults. It is inferred that the comparable but cognitively simpler differential visual acuity task could be applied in clinical settings for young children or patients with developmental delay who cannot respond by naming or matching.
Authors Susan J. Leat, Cristina Yakobchuk-Stanger, Elizabeth L. Irving
Journal Journal of Optometry (2020) 13, 41---49
| 3 | | R405.00 | |
| | COVID-2019 -A comprehensive pathology insight | COVID-2019 -A comprehensive pathology insight
COVID-2019 -A comprehensive pathology insight
Overview Corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS CoV- 2), a highly contagious single stranded RNA virus genetically related to SARS CoV. The lungs are the main organs affected leading to pneumonia and respiratory failure in severe cases that may need mechanical ventilation. Occasionally patient may present with gastro-intestinal, cardiac and neurologic symptoms with or without lung involvement. Pathologically, the lungs show either mild congestion and alveolar exudation or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with hyaline membrane or histopathology of acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP) that parallels disease severity. Other organs like liver and kidneys may be involved secondarily.
Currently the treatment is principally symptomatic and prevention by proper use of personal protective equipment and other measures is crucial to limit the spread. During the pandemic there is paucity of literature on pathological features including pathogenesis, hence in this review we provide the current pathology centred understanding of COVID-19. Furthermore, the pathogenetic pathway is pivotal in the development of therapeutic targets.
Authors Chandrakumar Shanmugam, Abdul Rafi Mohammed, Swarupa Ravuri, Vishwas Luthra, Narasimhamurthy Rajagopal, Saritha Karre
Journal Pathology - Research and Practice 216 (2020) 153222
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| | Application of tele-podiatry in diabetic foot management: A series of illustrative cases | Application of tele-podiatry in diabetic foot management: A series of illustrative cases
Application of tele-podiatry in diabetic foot management: A series of illustrative cases
Overview Telemedicine had been proposed as a tool to manage diabetes, but its role in management of diabetic foot ulcer is still evolving. The COVID-19 pandemic and related social restrictions have necessitated the use of telemedicine in the management of diabetic foot disease (tele-podiatry), particularly of patients classified as low-risk.
This article is a report of three cases of varied diabetic foot problems assessed during the present pandemic using different forms of telemedicine for triaging, management of low-risk cases and for follow-up. Telemedicine is a good screening tool for diagnosing and managing low-risk subjects with diabetic foot problems and enables a triaging system for deciding on hospital visits and hospitalization.
Telemedicine offers several benefits in the management of diabetic foot disease, although it also has some limitations. Based on the experience during the pandemic it is recommended its judicious use in the triaging of patients of diabetic foot disease and management of low-risk cases. Future innovation in technology and artificial intelligence may help in better tele-podiatry care in the time to come.
Acknowledgements Authors Karakkattu V. Kavitha, Shailesh R. Deshpande, Anil P. Pandit, Ambika G. Unnikrishnan
Journal Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews
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| | Delayed 18F FDG PET/CT Imaging in the Assessment of Residual Tumours after Transurethral Resection of Bladder Cancer | Delayed 18F FDG PET/CT Imaging in the Assessment of Residual Tumours after Transurethral Resection of Bladder Cancer
Delayed 18F FDG PET/CT Imaging in the Assessment of Residual Tumours after Transurethral Resection of Bladder Cancer
Overview This study is to determine the diagnostic performance of delayed 18F FDG PET/CT in the differentiation of residual tumours from postoperative inflammatory reactions in patients with bladder cancer after initial transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT).
A retrospective clinical study between January 2015 and April 2018 was performed in 79 patients with bladder cancer who had undergone 18F FDG PET/CT within 1 month after initial TURBT. After PET/CT, all patients underwent a second surgery within 2 weeks to confirm the histologic nature of the suspicious lesion and to remove residual tumours. Uni- and multivariable analysis were used to identify predictive factors for residual bladder tumours.
It was concluded that the use of fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT to differentiate lesions after transurethral resection of bladder tumour indicates that higher mean standardized uptake values and greater lesion thickness are predictive factors for residual tumours in patients with bladder cancer after oncologic treatment.
Authors Hui Yan, Xiang Zhou, Xiaoyan Wang, Rui Li, Yiping Shi, Qian Xia, Liangrong Wan, Gang Huang, Jianjun Liu.
Journal Radiology Volume 293 Issue 1
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| | Emotion regulation in adults with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY): Neurocognitive underpinnings and associations with mental health problems | Emotion regulation in adults with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY): Neurocognitive underpinnings and associations with mental health problems
Emotion regulation in adults with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY): Neurocognitive underpinnings and associations with mental health problems
Overview: The aim of this study is to evaluate if language and executive functioning deficits in individuals with the 47,XXY chromosomal pattern contribute to emotion regulation problems and related symptoms of psychopathology. A group of 26 adult men with 47,XXY completed measures of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, neurocognitive functioning, and symptoms of psychopathology. More difficulties in mental flexibility and attention regulation, and speeded responding were associated with more pronounced emotion expression (emotional outbursts). Emotion regulation problems were associated with symptoms of anxiety, depression, thought problems, and hostility. This study has identified emotion regulation as a potential target for treatment and intervention, with a specific focus on executive functions in the management of emotions in individuals with 47,XXY.
Authors: Sophie van Rijn and Hanna Swaab
Journal: Journal of Clinical Psychology.
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| | Adolescent knee pain: fracture or normal? A case report. | Adolescent knee pain: fracture or normal? A case report.
Adolescent knee pain: fracture or normal? A case report.
Overview Knee injuries are the second to fourth most common injuries in youth soccer. In this population, sprains/strains, fractures and contusions are most common. Due to variations in the developing skeleton, it can be difficult to rule out fractures. We present a case of a 13-year-old presenting to the emergency department (ED) with patellar pain after pivoting during a soccer game. After radiographic clearance, he was allowed to return to sport. Following another fall and ED visit, his full leg was casted. He presented to a chiropractor after cast removal, who made recommendations for progressive rehabilitation owing to the lack of evidence for fracture on radiographs. We suggest a thorough history, physical and Ottawa knee rules to determine whether We suggest a thorough history, physical and Ottawa knee rules to determine whether radiographs are indicated in the management of a pediatric knee injury. Due to normal skeletal variance, we recommend bilateral radiographs and if findings are ambiguous, consultation with a radiologist to confirm clinical suspicions.
Authors: Melissa Corso and Scott Howitt
Journal: The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association Volume 62 Issue 2
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Survey of pathology reports with no definitive diagnosis in oral lesions: the necessary skills for the clinicians | Survey of pathology reports with no definitive diagnosis in oral lesions: the necessary skills for the clinicians
Survey of pathology reports with no definitive diagnosis in oral lesions: the necessary skills for the clinicians
Overview Biopsy plays a crucial role in definitive diagnosis of lesions and consequently, appropriate treatment of them. Clinicians should correctly do the biopsy in accordance with the existing principles and guidelines to prevent adverse effects on the pathologist's diagnosis. The reasons for not providing definitive histopathological diagnosis of the biopsy samples in present study indicated that preparation, assessment, and diagnosis of microscopic slide by pathologists do not separate from the clinician performance.
Histopathological assessment of tissue sample obtained by biopsy technique is essential to achieve definitive diagnosis of the lesions. Biopsy is often performed prior to initiation of treatment and is the most accurate method to reach a definitive diagnosis. Histopathological features of the lesion, its differentiation from other lesions and its amount of extension can be studied by biopsy. Moreover, biopsy results can predict course of the disease and prognosis of the lesion. Oral mucosal biopsy is a simple minor surgical procedure in dentistry. However, more than a proper surgical technique is required for a precise pathological report. Adherence to the existing protocols and guidelines before, during and after taking a biopsy sample is imperative to achieve the best result and offer an accurate/definitive diagnosis. This study aimed to determine frequency and reasons for lack of definitive histopathological diagnosis.
Authors Soroush Ghoreishi , Massoumeh Zargaran , Fahimeh Baghaei Journal Heliyon
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| | Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in general practitioners and nurses in primary care and nursing homes in the Healthcare Area of León and associated factors | Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in general practitioners and nurses in primary care and nursing homes in the Healthcare Area of León and associated factors
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in general practitioners and nurses in primary care and nursing homes in the Healthcare Area of León and associated factors
Overview To evaluate the prevalence of and factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in general practitioners and nurses from primary care centres and nursing homes in the Healthcare Area of León (Spain). The work centre, type of profession, COVID-19 infection, level of exposure, compliance with preventive measures, isolation (if required) and diagnostic tests carried out were collected. The determination of infection was made by differentiated rapid diagnostic test (dRDT), using a finger-stick whole-blood sample. The association of variables with infection was assessed by multivariable non-conditional logistic regression. No statistically significant differences were observed by sex, type of professional, level of exposure or compliance with preventive measures. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in this group is low. A high number of professionals remain susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and therefore protective measures should be taken, especially for professionals working in nursing homes.
Authors: V. Martín, T. Fernández-Villa, M. Lamuedra Gil de Gomez, O. Mencía-Ares, A. Rivero Rodríguez, S. Reguero Celada, M. Montoro Gómez, M.T. Nuevo Guisado, C. Villa Aller, C. Díez Flecha, A. Carvajal, J.P. Fernández Vázquez
Journal: Semergen. 2020;46(S1):42---46
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Preventing infectious diseases for healthy ageing: The VITAL public-private partnership project | Preventing infectious diseases for healthy ageing: The VITAL public-private partnership project
Preventing infectious diseases for healthy ageing: The VITAL public-private partnership project
Overview Prevention of infectious diseases through immunisation of the growing ageing adult population is essential to improve healthy ageing. However, many licenced and recommended vaccines for this age group show signs of waning of the protective effect due to declining immune responses (immunosenescence) and decreasing vaccine uptake. Today’s major challenge is to improve vaccine effectiveness and uptake and to deploy efficient vaccination strategies for this age group. The Vaccines and Infectious diseases in the Ageing population (VITAL) project, with partners from 17 academic & research groups and public institutes as well as seven industry collaborators, aims to address this challenge. The ambition is to provide evidence-based knowledge to local decision makers. Using a holistic and multidisciplinary approach and novel analytical methods, VITAL will provide tools that allow the development of targeted immunisation programs for ageing adults in European countries. The project is based on four pillars focussing on the assessment of the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases in ageing adults, the dissection of the mechanisms underlying immuno-senescence, the analysis of the clinical and economic public health impact of vaccination strategies and the development of educational resources for healthcare professionals.
Authors Debbie Van Baarle, Kaatje Bollaerts, Giuseppe Del Giudice, Stephen Lockhart, Christine Luxemburger, Maarten J. Postma, Aura Timen, Baudouin Standaert
Journal Vaccine 38 (2020) 5896–5904 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.005
URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X20309051?via%3Dihub
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Ways in which healthcare interior environments are associated with perceived safety against infectious diseases and coping behaviours | Ways in which healthcare interior environments are associated with perceived safety against infectious diseases and coping behaviours
Ways in which healthcare interior environments are associated with perceived safety against infectious diseases and coping behaviours
Overview
Global pandemic outbreaks are a cause of fear. Healthcare workers (HCWs), especially those fighting the pathogens at the front line, are at higher risk of being infected while they treat patients. In addition, various environmental fomites in hospitals, which may carry infectious agents, can increase the risk of acquiring an infectious disease.
To deliver the best healthcare practice, it is critical that HCWs feel safe and protected against infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to improve understanding of HCWs’ hand hygiene (HH) behaviours and perceptions of infectious diseases from a psychological perspective.
This study found that an increase in the number of HH stations at convenient locations would increase HH compliance and perceived safety against infectious diseases among HCWs. In response to the current research gap in psychological aspects associated with HH, this study found that HCWs’ coping behaviours can be predicted by their perceived likelihood of contamination and perceived vulnerability.
Author S. Bae
Journal Journal of Hospital Infection 106 (2020) 107e114 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.06.022
URL https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7308774/pdf/main.pdf
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| | Probiotics and Protection of the Stomach | Probiotics and Protection of the Stomach
Probiotics and Protection of the Stomach
Overview Probiotics are living organisms and have beneficial effects when they colonize the body, assuming they can stay alive long enough to do so. Probiotic treatments are packed with bacteria, but once swallowed, their numbers are dramatically diminished by the stomach's acidity, lowering the chances of therapeutic effect. Probiotics can live or die under a variety of circumstances. One such circumstance is time. Some bacteria make spores which can live for many years and then blossom and grow. Most probiotics do not make spores, so they gradually die off if they do not find a comfortable place to grow, meaning a moist, warm friendly environment like the colon. Stomach acid is extraordinarily strong. It does and will kill most bacteria that get into the stomach each day. Antibiotics can also kill the bacteria in your body. So, how do you protect the probiotic bacteria you take, from this bacteria execution chamber which everyone has inside them?
Acknowledgements Du Pont Dinesco Capsugel R&D Team and Dr Keith Hutchison Elsevier – LWT Food Science and Technology
| 2 | | R299.00 | |
| | Total robotic surgery for pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with rectal cancer anterior resection | Total robotic surgery for pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with rectal cancer anterior resection
Total robotic surgery for pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with rectal cancer anterior resection
Overview
Synchronous double malignancies, including carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater and rectal carcinoma, are generally uncommon occurrences in the gastrointestinal tract. The present study reports a case of a 37-year-old man who was incidentally found to suffer from carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater and rectal carcinoma. The duodenoscopy was performed and revealed an ulcerated and bulky ampulla of Vater, the biopsy from which revealed a moderate-differentiated adenocarcinoma, A local hospital colonoscopy confirmed a tumour located in rectal 7cm from the anal margin and biopsy-confirmed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.
About such patient treatment, both open and laparoscopic surgery are restricted because of operation complexity, large injury, and poor cosmetic effect. surgery performed using Da Vinci robotic surgical system (DVSS). No evidence of recurrence or relapses was found in the first year after surgery. Although sporadic double malignancies are uncommon, they should be considered when evaluating cancer patients. Complex surgery performed by robotic surgery may became surgeon’s preferred treatment modality.
Acknowledgement
Authors QunGuang Jiang, TaiYuan Li, DongNing Liu and Cheng Tang,
Journal Medicine Volume 97 Issue 19
Publisher Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc
| 3 | | R389.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Trauma Part 2 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Trauma Part 2
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Trauma Part 2
Overview “Injury is an increasingly significant health problem throughout the world. Every day, 16 000 people die from injuries, and for every person who dies, several thousand more are injured, many of them with permanent sequelae. Injury accounts for 16% of the global burden of disease. The burden of death and disability from injury is especially notable in low- and middle-income countries. By far the greatest part of the total burden of injury, approximately 90%, occurs in such countries” (Mock et al., 2004). The focus of pre-hospital trauma management remains the rapid access and extrication of patients to allow for the rapid assessment and control of bleeding, the airway and ventilation. There is a renewed focus on the importance of rapid transport as the most important factor for trauma survival remains time to access of definitive care and operative haemostasis. Bleeding remains one of the most important contributors to traumatic death. The prevention of the trauma triad of death: hypothermia, acidosis and coagulopathy remain an important goal. Haemodilution and the role of pre-hospital fluid management has also received significant attention. Many well-developed trauma systems are moving towards restrictive fluid management regimes, specific haemodynamic targets and the introduction of pre-hospital initiation of blood product administration. The control and prevention of bleeding remains a central focus for pre-hospital providers. Acknowledgement Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
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| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Pediatric Gastroenteritis | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Pediatric Gastroenteritis
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Pediatric Gastroenteritis
Overview Infective gastroenteritis in young children is characterised by the sudden onset of diarrhoea, with or without vomiting. Most cases are due to an enteric virus, but some are caused by bacterial or protozoal infections. The illness usually resolves without treatment within days; however, symptoms are unpleasant and affect both the child and family or carers. Severe diarrhoea can quickly cause dehydration, which may be life threatening (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2009). Oral rehydration therapy is replacement of fluids and electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and chloride necessary for normal physiological functions and is effective in 95% of cases of mild to moderate dehydration. Oral rehydration therapy is less invasive, less expensive, is associated with less morbidity and can be dispensed outside of the hospital setting, while being as effective as IV treatment (Medical Services Commission, 2010). Acknowledgement Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Pain and Procedural Sedation | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Pain and Procedural Sedation
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Pain and Procedural Sedation
Overview “The management of acute traumatic pain is a crucial component of pre-hospital care and yet the assessment and administration of analgesia is highly variable, frequently suboptimal, and often determined by consensus-based protocols” (Gausche-Hill et al., 2014). Pain management is also frequently based on the assessment of need by a provider, rather than the requirements of patients. Historically only Entonox and morphine have been available for pre-hospital pain management in the local setting with the more recent introduction of ketamine. Availability of appropriate and effective treatment options, especially for non-ALS providers, remains a challenge. Situations requiring procedural sedation and analgesia in the pre-hospital setting are common and may range from alignment of fracture to extrication and complex disentanglement during medical rescue. Until recently South African pre-hospital providers did not have agents suitable for this purpose, particularly in the setting of severe trauma and hypotension. As ketamine has been introduced into some scopes of practice providing safe and effective dissociative procedural analgesia has become a possibility. However, the use of procedural sedation and analgesia is not without risks and, at this time, no uniform practice has been suggested in the South African pre-hospital setting. Acknowledgement Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
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| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynaecology Part 4 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynaecology Part 4
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynaecology Part 4
Overview There were no evidence-based clinical practice guidelines addressing obstetric issues from a purely pre-hospital emergency services perspective. Despite this, there were many high-quality recommendations from in hospital and other types of health facilities (e.g. midwife run delivery units) which are directly applicable to pre-hospital management of obstetrics. The delivery and birth process will ideally not occur in the pre-hospital environment, but every practitioner needs to be able to manage a delivery and to intervene where necessary within the limits of their scope of practice. Acknowledgement Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynecology Part 3 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynecology Part 3
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynecology Part 3
Overview There were no evidence-based clinical practice guidelines addressing obstetric issues from a purely pre-hospital emergency services perspective. Despite this, there were many high-quality recommendations from in hospital and other types of health facilities (e.g. midwife run delivery units) which are directly applicable to pre-hospital management of obstetrics. The delivery and birth process will ideally not occur in the pre-hospital environment, but every practitioner needs to be able to manage a delivery and to intervene where necessary within the limits of their scope of practice. Acknowledgement Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynaecology Part 2 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynaecology Part 2
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynaecology Part 2
Overview
There were no evidence-based clinical practice guidelines addressing obstetric issues from a purely pre-hospital emergency services perspective. Despite this, there were many high-quality recommendations from in hospital and other types of health facilities (e.g. midwife run delivery units) which are directly applicable to pre-hospital management of obstetrics. The delivery and birth process will ideally not occur in the pre-hospital environment, but every practitioner needs to be able to manage a delivery and to intervene where necessary within the limits of their scope of practice. Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynecology Part 1 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynecology Part 1
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Obstetrics and Gynecology Part 1
Overview
There were no evidence-based clinical practice guidelines addressing obstetric issues from a purely pre-hospital emergency services perspective. Despite this, there were many high-quality recommendations from in hospital and other types of health facilities (e.g. midwife run delivery units) which are directly applicable to pre-hospital management of obstetrics. The delivery and birth process will ideally not occur in the pre-hospital environment, but every practitioner needs to be able to manage a delivery and to intervene where necessary within the limits of their scope of practice. Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Neonatal Resuscitation | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Neonatal Resuscitation
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Neonatal Resuscitation
Overview
Monitoring equipment for neonates and infants may not be uniformly available to all EMS providers. All ALS providers should have monitoring equipment appropriate for neonates. It is recommended that oximetry be used when resuscitation can be anticipated, when PPV is administered, when central cyanosis persists beyond the first 5 to 10 minutes of life, or when supplementary oxygen is administered. In summary, from the evidence reviewed in the 2010 CoSTR and subsequent review of delaying cord clamping and cord milking in preterm new-borns in the 2015 ILCOR systematic review, delaying cord clamping for longer than 30 seconds is reasonable for both term and preterm infants who do not require resuscitation at birth. It is recommended that the temperature of newly born non-asphyxiated infants be maintained between 36.5°C and 37.5°C after birth through admission and stabilisation. Targeted temperature management requires specific equipment and well established systems and protocol and system wide clinical governance. In neonates it may also require the establishment of dedicated, specialized and equipped retrieval teams.
Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Fever and Sepsis | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Fever and Sepsis
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Fever and Sepsis
Overview
Feverish illness in young children usually indicates an underlying infection and is a cause of concern for parents and carers. Despite advances in healthcare, infections remain a leading cause of death in children under the age of 5 years. Fever in young children can be a diagnostic challenge for healthcare professionals because it is often difficult to identify the cause. In most cases, the illness is due to a self-limiting viral infection. However, fever may also be the presenting feature of serious bacterial infections such as meningitis and pneumonia. A significant number of children have no obvious cause of fever despite careful assessment. These children with fever without apparent source are of concern to healthcare professionals because it is especially difficult to distinguish between simple viral illnesses and life-threatening bacterial infections in this group.
Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke) and General Care in Emergencies | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke) and General Care in Emergencies
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke) and General Care in Emergencies
Overview
There is growing evidence that good early stroke management can reduce damage to the brain and minimise the effects of stroke. Because of this early recognition of stroke, the subsequent response of individuals to having a stroke, and the timing and method by which people are transferred to hospital are important to ensure optimal outcomes. In this hyperacute phase of care, the ambulance service provides a central, coordinating role (Australian Government Health and Medical Research Council, 2007). Appropriate diagnosis of stroke and immediate referral to a stroke team is vital given advances in hyperacute treatments (Australian Government Health and Medical Research Council, 2007).
As in all scene responses, EMS personnel must assess and manage the patient’s airway, breathing, and circulation. Most patients with acute ischemic stroke do not require emergency airway management or acute interventions for respiratory and circulatory support (Jauch et al., 2013).
Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Airway Part 2 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Airway Part 2
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Airway Part 2
Overview
Oxygen is one of the most common medications administered during the care of patients who present with medical emergencies. At present, oxygen appears to be administered for three main indications in the emergency setting, of which only one is evidence-based (British Thoracic Society Emergency Oxygen Guideline Group, 2008). Firstly, oxygen is given to correct hypoxaemia as there is good evidence that severe hypoxaemia is harmful. Secondly, oxygen is administered to ill patients prophylactically to prevent hypoxaemia. Recent evidence suggests that this practice may place patients at increased risk of the development of hypoxaemia, reactive oxygen species, and absorption atelectasis amongst other adverse effects. Thirdly, a very high proportion of medical oxygen is administered because most clinicians believe that oxygen can alleviate breathlessness; however, there is no evidence that oxygen relieves breathlessness in non-hypoxemic patients (British Thoracic Society Emergency Oxygen Guideline Group, 2008).
Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Adult Resuscitation Part 3 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Adult Resuscitation Part 3
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Adult Resuscitation Part 3
Overview
The correct and timely identification of cardiac arrest is critical to ensuring (1) the appropriate dispatch of a high-priority response, (2) the provision of telephone CPR instructions, and (3) the activation of community first responders carrying automated external defibrillators (AED) (Travers et al., 2015). Rapid defibrillation is a powerful predictor of successful resuscitation following ventricular fibrillation (VF) sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). (Berg et al., 2010a) Advanced life support (ALS) is still considered a vital link in the chain of survival for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Despite this the quality of evidence for many ALS interventions remains poor (Callaway et al., 2015) as do the outcomes of patients, particularly those suffering unwitnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were CPR and defibrillation is delayed. As part of the development of these guidelines, the core guideline panel opted to adopt the AHA resuscitation guidelines for advanced cardiac life support. It should therefore be noted that for recommendations not reviewed by the AHA in the 2015 edition, the 2010 recommendation are considered valid.
Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Adult Resuscitation Part 2 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Adult Resuscitation Part 2
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Adult Resuscitation Part 2
Overview
The correct and timely identification of cardiac arrest is critical to ensuring (1) the appropriate dispatch of a high-priority response, (2) the provision of telephone CPR instructions, and (3) the activation of community first responders carrying automated external defibrillators (AED) (Travers et al., 2015). Rapid defibrillation is a powerful predictor of successful resuscitation following ventricular fibrillation (VF) sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). (Berg et al., 2010a) Advanced life support (ALS) is still considered a vital link in the chain of survival for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Despite this the quality of evidence for many ALS interventions remains poor (Callaway et al., 2015) as do the outcomes of patients, particularly those suffering unwitnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were CPR and defibrillation is delayed. As part of the development of these guidelines, the core guideline panel opted to adopt the AHA resuscitation guidelines for advanced cardiac life support. It should therefore be noted that for recommendations not reviewed by the AHA in the 2015 edition, the 2010 recommendation are considered valid.
Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018)
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Adult Resuscitation Part 1 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Adult Resuscitation Part 1
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Adult Resuscitation Part 1
Overview
The correct and timely identification of cardiac arrest is critical to ensuring (1) the appropriate dispatch of a high-priority response, (2) the provision of telephone CPR instructions, and (3) the activation of community first responders carrying automated external defibrillators (AED) (Travers et al., 2015). Rapid defibrillation is a powerful predictor of successful resuscitation following ventricular fibrillation (VF) sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). (Berg et al., 2010a) Advanced life support (ALS) is still considered a vital link in the chain of survival for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Despite this the quality of evidence for many ALS interventions remains poor (Callaway et al., 2015) as do the outcomes of patients, particularly those suffering unwitnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were CPR and defibrillation is delayed. As part of the development of these guidelines, the core guideline panel opted to adopt the AHA resuscitation guidelines for advanced cardiac life support. It should therefore be noted that for recommendations not reviewed by the AHA in the 2015 edition, the 2010 recommendation are considered valid.
Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Airway Part 1 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Airway Part 1
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Airway Part 1
Overview
Oxygen is one of the most common medications administered during the care of patients who present with medical emergencies. At present, oxygen appears to be administered for three main indications in the emergency setting, of which only one is evidence-based (British Thoracic Society Emergency Oxygen Guideline Group, 2008). Firstly, oxygen is given to correct hypoxaemia as there is good evidence that severe hypoxaemia is harmful. Secondly, oxygen is administered to ill patients prophylactically to prevent hypoxaemia. Recent evidence suggests that this practice may place patients at increased risk of the development of hypoxaemia, reactive oxygen species, and absorption atelectasis amongst other adverse effects. Thirdly, a very high proportion of medical oxygen is administered because most clinicians believe that oxygen can alleviate breathlessness; however, there is no evidence that oxygen relieves breathlessness in non-hypoxemic patients (British Thoracic Society Emergency Oxygen Guideline Group, 2008).
Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Acute Coronary Care Syndrome Part 2 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Acute Coronary Care Syndrome Part 2
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Acute Coronary Care Syndrome Part 2
Overview
Chest pain and acute dyspnoea are among the most frequent causes of out-of-hospital emergency medical services (EMS) activation. The challenge of the pre-hospital management of chest pain, beyond rapid diagnosis, is the treatment and transfer of patients with major cardiovascular emergencies to adequate centres (Beygui et al., 2015). The required system infrastructure (i.e. local protocols and pathways of care) needs to be in place for EMS cardiovascular emergency objectives to be met. Not all recommendations below are readily implementable as local infrastructure must still be developed in South Africa. The care of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients in the pre-hospital setting should be based on regional STEMI networks. Such networks include one or more hospitals and EMS organisations which have a shared protocol for the choice of reperfusion strategy, adjunctive therapy and patient transfer in order to provide consistent treatment to patients. Such protocols should be formally discussed between all components of the network and be available in writing (Beygui et al., 2015). Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice guidelines: Acute Coronary Care Syndrome Part 1 | Clinical Practice guidelines: Acute Coronary Care Syndrome Part 1
Clinical Practice guidelines: Acute Coronary Care Syndrome Part 1
Overview
Chest pain and acute dyspnoea are among the most frequent causes of out-of-hospital emergency medical services (EMS) activation. The challenge of the pre-hospital management of chest pain, beyond rapid diagnosis, is the treatment and transfer of patients with major cardiovascular emergencies to adequate centres (Beygui et al., 2015). The required system infrastructure (i.e. local protocols and pathways of care) needs to be in place for EMS cardiovascular emergency objectives to be met. Not all recommendations below are readily implementable as local infrastructure must still be developed in South Africa. The care of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients in the pre-hospital setting should be based on regional STEMI networks. Such networks include one or more hospitals and EMS organisations which have a shared protocol for the choice of reperfusion strategy, adjunctive therapy and patient transfer in order to provide consistent treatment to patients. Such protocols should be formally discussed between all components of the network and be available in writing (Beygui et al., 2015). Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Tuberculosis Part 2 | Tuberculosis Part 2
Overview
Tuberculosis (TB) (see the image below), a multisystemic disease with myriad presentations and manifestations, is the most common cause of infectious disease–related mortality worldwide. Although TB rates are decreasing in the United States, the disease is becoming more common in many parts of the world. In addition, the prevalence of drug-resistant TB is increasing worldwide. Classic clinical features associated with active pulmonary TB in elderly individuals with TB may not display typical signs and symptoms. The absence of any significant physical findings does not exclude active TB. Classic symptoms are often absent in high-risk patients, particularly those who are immunocompromised or elderly. It is important to isolate patients with possible TB in a private room with negative pressure.
Acknowledgements Authors:
Thomas E Herchline,Thomas E Herchline, Judith K Amorosa, Judith K Amorosa.
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Tuberculosis Part 1 | Tuberculosis Part 1
Overview Tuberculosis (TB) (see the image below), a multisystemic disease with myriad presentations and manifestations, is the most common cause of infectious disease–related mortality worldwide. Although TB rates are decreasing in the United States, the disease is becoming more common in many parts of the world. In addition, the prevalence of drug-resistant TB is increasing worldwide. Classic clinical features associated with active pulmonary TB in elderly individuals with TB may not display typical signs and symptoms. The absence of any significant physical findings does not exclude active TB. Classic symptoms are often absent in high-risk patients, particularly those who are immunocompromised or elderly. It is important to isolate patients with possible TB in a private room with negative pressure.
Acknowledgements Authors: Thomas E Herchline and Judith K Amorosa
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Respiratory | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Respiratory
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Respiratory
Overview
Asthma is a common condition which produces a significant workload for general practice, hospital outpatient clinics and inpatient admissions. Much of this morbidity relates to poor management (British Thoracic Society, 2014). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of disorders characterised by airway inflammation and airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. COPD should be distinguished from asthma because it is a progressive, disabling disease with increasingly serious complications and exacerbations. The symptoms, signs and physiology of these conditions can overlap with asthma and differentiation can be difficult, particularly in middle-aged smokers presenting with breathlessness and cough. This difficulty is compounded by the fact that most COPD patients exhibit some degree of reversibility with bronchodilators. Patients with severe chronic asthma, chronic bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis may also present with a similar clinical pattern and partially reversible airflow limitation (The Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2002). Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Seizures | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Seizures
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Seizures
Overview
Paediatric and adult seizures are managed in essentially the same way, with the focus on identification, injury prevention, rapid termination and prevention of ongoing seizures; ongoing attention must be paid to reversal of the cause of the seizure. Important differences in children relate to febrile seizures (covered in section 3: Fever & Sepsis) and easily correctable causes such as hypoglycaemia. Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Trauma Part 1 | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Trauma Part 1
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Trauma Part 1
Overview
“Injury is an increasingly significant health problem throughout the world. Every day, 16 000 people die from injuries, and for every person who dies, several thousand more are injured, many of them with permanent sequelae. Injury accounts for 16% of the global burden of disease. The burden of death and disability from injury is especially notable in low- and middle-income countries. By far the greatest part of the total burden of injury, approximately 90%, occurs in such countries” (Mock et al., 2004). The focus of pre-hospital trauma management remains the rapid access and extrication of patients to allow for the rapid assessment and control of bleeding, the airway and ventilation. There is a renewed focus on the importance of rapid transport as the most important factor for trauma survival remains time to access of definitive care and operative haemostasis. Bleeding remains one of the most important contributors to traumatic death. The prevention of the trauma triad of death: hypothermia, acidosis and coagulopathy remain an important goal. Haemodilution and the role of pre-hospital fluid management has also received significant attention. Many well-developed trauma systems are moving towards restrictive fluid management regimes, specific haemodynamic targets and the introduction of pre-hospital initiation of blood product administration. The control and prevention of bleeding remains a central focus for pre-hospital providers. Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa Clinical Practice Guidelines: Trauma Part 1
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Viral Pneumonia Part 3 | Viral Pneumonia Part 3
Overview The reported incidence of viral pneumonia (see the image below) has increased during the past decade. In part, this apparent increase simply reflects improved diagnostic techniques, but an actual increase appears to have also occurred. Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease. This course is divided into 3 parts covering the aspects of Pneumonia leading into the much dreaded COVID 19 The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. Primary influenza pneumonia manifests with persistent symptoms of cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and malaise for more than three to five days. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults.
Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. PIV pneumonia and bronchiolitis are caused primarily by the PIV-3 strain. The signs and symptoms include fever, cough, coryza, dyspnea with rales, and wheezing.
Acknowledgements Authors:
Zab Mosenifar and Richard Brawerman
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Viral Pneumonia Part 2 | Viral Pneumonia Part 2
Overview The reported incidence of viral pneumonia (see the image below) has increased during the past decade. In part, this apparent increase simply reflects improved diagnostic techniques, but an actual increase appears to have also occurred. Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease. This course is divided into 3 parts covering the aspects of Pneumonia leading into the much dreaded COVID 19. The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. Primary influenza pneumonia manifests with persistent symptoms of cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and malaise for more than three to five days. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults.
Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. PIV pneumonia and bronchiolitis are caused primarily by the PIV-3 strain. The signs and symptoms include fever, cough, coryza, dyspnea with rales, and wheezing.
Acknowledgements Authors:
Zab Mosenifar and Richard BrawermanThe University of Pretoria
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Viral Pneumonia Part 1 | Viral Pneumonia Part 1
Overview The reported incidence of viral pneumonia (see the image below) has increased during the past decade. In part, this apparent increase simply reflects improved diagnostic techniques, but an actual increase appears to have also occurred. Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease.
This course is divided into 3 parts covering the aspects of Pneumonia leading into the much dreaded COVID 19. The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. Primary influenza pneumonia manifests with persistent symptoms of cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and malaise for more than three to five days. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults.
Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. PIV pneumonia and bronchiolitis are caused primarily by the PIV-3 strain. The signs and symptoms include fever, cough, coryza, dyspnea with rales, and wheezing.
Acknowledgements
Authors:
Zab Mosenifar and Richard Brawerman
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Malaria | Malaria
Overview Malaria is a potentially life-threatening disease caused by infection with Plasmodium protozoa transmitted by an infective female Anopheles mosquito. Patients with malaria typically become symptomatic a few weeks after infection, though the symptomatology and incubation period may vary, depending on host factors and the causative species. Most patients with malaria have no specific physical findings, but splenomegaly may be present. In patients with suspected malaria, obtaining a history of recent or remote travel to an endemic area is critical. Asking explicitly if they travelled to a tropical area at any time in their life may enhance recall. Maintain a high index of suspicion for malaria in any patient exhibiting any malarial symptoms and having a history of travel to endemic areas.
It is also important to determine the patient's immune status, age, and pregnancy status; allergies or other medical conditions that he or she may have; and medications that he or she may be using.
Acknowledgements Authors:
Thomas E Herchline, Thomas E Herchline, Ryan Q Simon
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Diabetes Mellitus Part 3 | Diabetes Mellitus Part 3
Overview Type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, and excessive or inappropriate glucagon secretion. Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes is associated with an array of microvascular, macrovascular, and neuropathic complications.
Microvascular complications of diabetes include retinal, renal, and possibly neuropathic disease. Macrovascular complications include coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease. Diabetic neuropathy affects autonomic and peripheral nerves.
This course focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes and its acute and chronic complications, other than those directly associated with hypoglycemia and severe metabolic disturbances, such as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Acknowledgements Author:
Khardori
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Diabetes Mellitus Part 2 | Diabetes Mellitus Part 2
Overview Type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, and excessive or inappropriate glucagon secretion. Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes is associated with an array of microvascular, macrovascular, and neuropathic complications.
Microvascular complications of diabetes include retinal, renal, and possibly neuropathic disease. Macrovascular complications include coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease. Diabetic neuropathy affects autonomic and peripheral nerves.
This course focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes and its acute and chronic complications, other than those directly associated with hypoglycemia and severe metabolic disturbances, such as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Acknowledgements Author:
Khardori
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Diabetes Mellitus Part 1 | Diabetes Mellitus Part 1
Overview Type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, and excessive or inappropriate glucagon secretion. Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes is associated with an array of microvascular, macrovascular, and neuropathic complications.
Microvascular complications of diabetes include retinal, renal, and possibly neuropathic disease. Macrovascular complications include coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease. Diabetic neuropathy affects autonomic and peripheral nerves.
This course focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes and its acute and chronic complications, other than those directly associated with hypoglycemia and severe metabolic disturbances, such as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Acknowledgements Author:
Khardori
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Acute Management of Stroke | Acute Management of Stroke
Acute Management of Stroke
Overview:
The goal for the acute management of patients with stroke is to stabilize the patient and to complete initial evaluation and assessment, including imaging and laboratory studies, within 60 minutes of patient arrival. Critical decisions focus on the need for intubation, blood pressure control, and determination of risk/benefit for thrombolytic intervention.
In patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), failure to recognize the potential for near- term stroke, failure to perform a timely assessment for stroke risk factors, and failure to initiate primary and secondary stroke prevention exposes the patient to undue risk of stroke and exposes clinicians to potential litigation. TIAs confer a 10% risk of stroke within 30 days, and one half of the strokes occurring after a TIA, occurred within 48 hours.
Newer stroke trials have explored the benefit of using neuroimaging to select patients who are most likely to benefit from thrombolytic therapy and the potential benefits of extending the window for thrombolytic therapy beyond the guideline of 3 hours with t-PA and newer agents. CT angiography may demonstrate the location of vascular occlusion. CT perfusion studies can produce perfusion images and together with CT angiography are becoming more available and utilized in the acute evaluation of stroke patients. Advanced neuroimaging with diffusion and perfusion imaging may then serve an important role in identifying potentially salvageable tissue at risk and guiding clinical decision-making regarding therapy.
Acknowledgements:
Authors:
Edward C Jauch
| 3 | | R440.00 | |
| | Hyperglycemia | Hyperglycemia
Overview:
Hyperglycemia (also spelled hyperglycaemia or hyperglycæmia), is a condition in which an excessive amount of glucose circulates in the blood plasma. This is generally a blood sugar level higher than 11.1 mmol/l (200 mg/dl), but symptoms may not start to become noticeable until even higher values such as 13.9–16.7 mmol/l (~250–300 mg/dl). For diabetics, glucose levels that are too hyperglycemic can vary from person to person, mainly due to the person's renal threshold of glucose and overall glucose tolerance. Hypoglycemia, also known as low blood sugar, is a fall in blood sugar to levels below normal. This may result in a variety of symptoms including clumsiness, trouble talking, confusion, loss of consciousness, seizures or death. A feeling of hunger, sweating, shakiness and weakness may also be present. Symptoms typically come on quickly. The most common cause of hypoglycemia is medications used to treat diabetes mellitus such as insulin and sulfonylureas. Risk is greater in diabetics who have eaten less than usual, exercised more than usual or drunk alcohol. Other causes of hypoglycemia include kidney failure, certain tumours (such as insulinoma), liver disease, hypothyroidism, starvation, inborn error of metabolism, severe infections, reactive hypoglycemia and several drugs including alcohol. Low blood sugar may occur in otherwise healthy babies who have not eaten for a few hours.
Acknowledgements:
Author:
Jasvinder Chawla
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) screening of hospital dental clinic surfaces | Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) screening of hospital dental clinic surfaces
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) screening of hospital dental clinic surfaces
Overview
This study assessed the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains on surfaces of hospital dental clinics. Specimens were obtained from 5 clinically symptoms-free patients of five different specialties clinics (Implantology, Pediatric Dentistry, Prosthetics, Restorative Dentistry, and Oral Medicine) of the Dental Clinic Hospital of King Saud University before and after each patient. A Q-tip swabs were used from 10 surfaces in each clinic (Arm rest of dental chair, floor beneath dental chair, sink/faucet, towel dispenser, instrument table handle, light handle, X-ray viewer, paper dental records, head rest, and bench). Specimens were cultured in CHROMagar MRSA medium. Prevalence of MRSA colonization was compared between periods before and after patients visited each clinic for treatment. The results showed that the prevalence of MRSA was remarkably increased after patients visited the area. The results indicate that dental clinics should be considered as possible reservoirs of MRSA in the hospital setting.
Authors Asmaa Faden
Journal Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | An analysis of adaptations to Multi-level intervention strategies to enhance implementation of clinical practice guidelines for treating tobacco use in dental care settings | An analysis of adaptations to Multi-level intervention strategies to enhance implementation of clinical practice guidelines for treating tobacco use in dental care settings
An analysis of adaptations to Multi-level intervention strategies to enhance implementation of clinical practice guidelines for treating tobacco use in dental care settings
Overview This study conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial (DUET) that compared the effectiveness of three theory-driven, implementation strategies on dental provider adherence to tobacco dependence treatment guidelines (TDT). In this paper it was describe the process of adapting the implementation strategies to the local context of participating dental public health clinics in New York City. Through an iterative process, Stirman's modification framework was used to classify, code and analyse modifications made to the implementation strategies. It was identified examples of six of Stirman's twelve content modification categories and two of the four context modification categories. Content modifications were classified as: tailoring, tweaking or refining (49.8%), adding elements (14.1%), departing from the intervention (9.3%), loosening structure (4.4%), lengthening and extending (4.4%) and substituting elements (4.4%). Context modifications were classified as those related to personnel (7.9%) and to the format/channel (8.8%) of the intervention delivery. Common factors associated with adaptations that arose during the intervention included staff changes, time constraints, changes in leadership preferences and functional limitations of to the Electronic Dental Record. This study offers guidance on how to capture intervention adaptation in the context of a multi-level intervention aimed at implementing sustainable changes to optimize TDT in varying public health dental settings.
Authors D.R. Shelley, C. Kyriakos, A. Campo, Y. Li, D. Khalife, J. Ostrof
Journal Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Association Between Emotional Intelligence and Academic Performance Among Dental Hygiene Students | Association Between Emotional Intelligence and Academic Performance Among Dental Hygiene Students
Association Between Emotional Intelligence and Academic Performance Among Dental Hygiene Students
Overview
Emotional intelligence (EI) has been increasingly associated with the success of health care professionals, including dental professionals. Mental health, physical health, and life satisfaction all have been linked to having a high EI. The aim of this study was to determine any associations between EI scores and academic and clinical performance in a cohort of undergraduate dental hygiene students. The EI subsets of self-control, motivation, and self-confidence were found to be predictors of overall academic performance. The EI subsets of social competence, empathy, and motivation were found to be predictors of clinical performance. These results suggest that more attention to the development of emotional intelligence may lead to improved academic and clinical performance among undergraduate dental hygiene students.
Authors Brian B. Partido, Rachel Stafford
Journal Journal of Dental Education.
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Oral hygiene and oral health in older people with dementia: a comprehensive review with focus on oral soft tissues | Oral hygiene and oral health in older people with dementia: a comprehensive review with focus on oral soft tissues
Oral hygiene and oral health in older people with dementia: a comprehensive review with focus on oral soft tissues
Overview The number of older people with dementia and a natural dentition is growing. Recently, a systematic review concerning the oral health of older people with dementia with the focus on diseases of oral hard tissues was published. The searches yielded 549 unique articles, of which 36 were included for critical appraisal and data extraction. The included studies suggest that older people with dementia had high scores for gingival bleeding, periodontitis, plaque, and assistance for oral care. In addition, candidiasis, stomatitis, and reduced salivary flow were frequently present in older people with dementia.
The oral health and hygiene of older people with dementia is not sufficient and could be improved with oral care education of formal and informal caregivers and regular professional dental care to people with dementia.
Authors: Suzanne Delwel, Tarik T. Binnekade, Roberto S. G. M. Perez, Cees M. P. M. Hertogh, Erik J. A. Scherder, Frank Lobbezoo Journal: Clinical Oral Investigations
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Bridging the Theory-Practice Gap with Dental Hygiene Instrumentation Videos | Bridging the Theory-Practice Gap with Dental Hygiene Instrumentation Videos
Bridging the Theory-Practice Gap with Dental Hygiene Instrumentation Videos
Overview Dental educators are challenged to bridge the theory-practice gap to enhance the educational experience and meet the diverse learning needs of students. The aim of this study was to explore dental hygiene students’ perceptions of the effectiveness, appeal, and satisfaction regarding instrumentation videos as a resource to improve learning in the clinical environment.
All 152 first-year students in a U.S. baccalaureate dental hygiene program at two sites in two consecutive years were invited to participate in the study. Survey questions addressed demographics, effectiveness, appeal, and satisfaction with the instrumentation videos along with open-ended questions to explore students’ perceptions of the videos’ value and benefits. A total of 143 students completed the survey, for a response rate of 94%. Thematic analysis revealed the following themes in the open comments: helpfulness of the videos in clinical practice to clarify, reinforce, and visualize skills learned. These students reported satisfaction with the instrumentation videos, suggesting these learning aids have potential value in closing the theory-practice gap in clinical dental hygiene education.
Authors: Jessica N. August, Linda D. Boyd, Lori Giblin-Scanlon
Journal: Journal of Dental Education
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Evaluating Point-of-Care HIV Screening in Dental Hygiene Education Settings: Patient, Faculty, and Student Perspectives | Evaluating Point-of-Care HIV Screening in Dental Hygiene Education Settings: Patient, Faculty, and Student Perspectives
Evaluating Point-of-Care HIV Screening in Dental Hygiene Education Settings: Patient, Faculty, and Student Perspectives
Overview Although HIV screening is needed at a wider range of sites, dentists have shown reluctance to incorporate screening in their practices, but dental hygiene settings may be better suited for such screenings. The aim of this mixed-methods study was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of point-of-care (POC) HIV screening in dental hygiene education community settings from the patient, faculty, and student perspectives.
After training, dental hygiene students and faculty at a Canadian dental school offered POC HIV screening to patients as part of routine dental hygiene care over 36 weeks at four sites in 2015-16. Of the 199 patients offered screening, 78 agreed; no positive results were found. Of the 199 patients, 97 completed an 11-item survey (49% response rate), with 80 (82%) agreeing HIV screening was within the scope of practice of a dental professional.
Of the 57 patients who were screened, 48 (84%) agreed POC HIV screening should be part of regular dental check-ups, and 52 (91%) perceived dental settings were appropriate sites for screening. The main reasons for patients’ agreeing to screening were that it was free and convenient, and the results were delivered quickly. Those who refused screening had been tested recently or did not perceive themselves at risk for HIV. In two focus groups with 12 dental hygiene students, one focus group with five faculty members, and individual interviews with five other faculty members, participants agreed on the importance of offering POC HIV screening in the dental setting as a public health service. Faculty members thought students were well prepared and increased in confidence with testing. Students expressed a desire to offer screening throughout their careers and to educate patients about the importance of HIV testing.
Authors: Iris Feng, Mario Brondani, Kerri-Lyn Chong, Leeann Donnelly Journal: Journal of Dental Education
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Occurrence of Black Chromogenic Stains and its Association with Oral Hygiene of Patients | Occurrence of Black Chromogenic Stains and its Association with Oral Hygiene of Patients
Occurrence of Black Chromogenic Stains and its Association with Oral Hygiene of Patients
Overview The aim of the present study is to assess the oral hygiene of patients with black stains caused by chromogenic bacteria and its recurrence rate after scaling and polishing. A total of 80 patients of age 15-40 years were included in the study and divided in to two groups. Test group consist of 40 patients with black extrinsic stains and control group consists of 40 patients without any stains. Clinical parameters like Oral Hygiene Index, Plaque index. Lobenes stain index and history of scaling are recorded in the groups. The results were analysed using Chi-square test which indicated that there is a significant difference in the oral hygiene and plaque scores among patients with and without stains. The patients with stains showed a high recurrence rate within few months after thorough scaling and polishing. The findings of this study conclude that the black chromogenic stains are more prevalent in patients with good oral hygiene and good plaque control. A high rate of recurrence after scaling and polishing were also observed among the subjects.
Authors Sruthy Prathap and Prathap MS
Journal The Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Work stress and occupational burnout among Dental Staff in a Medical Centre | Work stress and occupational burnout among Dental Staff in a Medical Centre
Work stress and occupational burnout among Dental Staff in a Medical Centre
Overview Research on work stress and occupational burnout among Taiwanese dental staff is scarce. Thus, this study aimed to explore work stress and occupational burnout among dental staff in a medical center. This study is a cross-sectional survey that included the dental staff of a medical center in Taiwan. They were asked to complete self-reported questionnaires anonymously. The Questionnaire on Medical Workers' Stress (QMWS) was used to assess work stress, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) was used to evaluate occupational burnout. In total, 108 valid questionnaires were collected, with a response rate of 79.9%. Data were analysed using independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise linear regression. It is concluded that work stress and occupational burnout were common among dental staff; this may affect patient safety and should be valued. A stress management program is recommended to promote mental health of dental staff, along with adjustment of working environment, performance evaluation, and promotion systems.
Authors Chen-Yi Lee, Ju-Hui Wu, Je-Kang Du Journal Journal of Dental Sciences
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Factors affecting patient safety culture among dental healthcare workers: A nationwide cross-sectional survey | Factors affecting patient safety culture among dental healthcare workers: A nationwide cross-sectional survey
Factors affecting patient safety culture among dental healthcare workers: A nationwide cross-sectional survey
Overview
Patient safety is a major healthcare challenge. Due to a lack of safety culture knowledge among dental professionals, our objectives were to measure the level of patient safety culture using the Safety Attitude Questionnaire in Chinese (SAQ-C) and identify factors associated with positive attitudes toward patient safety. A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted within dentistry departments of 20 hospitals and in 40 dental clinics, from which were randomly chosen. The survey (SAQ-C) comprised of 32 items and reflects five dimensions of patient safety culture. The second section collects demographic information that supposedly affects attitudes toward patient safety. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors that supposedly influenced positive attitudes toward patient safety. With a lack of research in the dental field, our study provides important information on patient safety attitudes for dental healthcare workers. Results from this study present the current status of patient safety culture and help raise awareness of it. Most notably, the study identified several factors associated with positive attitudes toward patient safety. The information can be used to improve patient safety in the future.
Authors Hsin-Chung Cheng, Amy Ming-Fang Yen, Yi-Hsuan Lee
Journal Journal of Dental Sciences
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Ocular hazards of curing light units used in dental practice - A systematic review | Ocular hazards of curing light units used in dental practice - A systematic review
Ocular hazards of curing light units used in dental practice - A systematic review
Overview
The purpose of this article is to examine the literature and summarize studies that describe the potential ocular hazards that are posed by different systems of light curing units mainly used in the dental clinics, to ensure the safety of the operator, patient and the auxiliary staff in the dental clinic. Eight articles were included in the study after application of eligibility criteria, all of which were in accordance to the review protocol. The total wavelength dose received can cause Ocular damage which suggest that light intensity is correlated to the duration required to cause a certain level of damage, and we can substitute the long light exposure by using of a lower intensity light. This review concludes that blue light poses maximum risk to cause retinal degeneration based on the evaluated studies. Most of the studies recommend the use of protective eyewear in order to limit exposure of the patient, operator and assistant to the LCUs. It is not advisable to stare directly into the light source and the recommended safe exposure times and distances for patient, operator and assistant must be strictly adhered to in the dental practice.
Authors Raniya A. Alasiri, Hashim A. Algarni, Reem A. Alasiri
Journal The Saudi Dental Journal
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Inference comprehension in text reading: Performance of individuals with right- versus left-hemisphere lesions and the influence of cognitive functions | Inference comprehension in text reading: Performance of individuals with right- versus left-hemisphere lesions and the influence of cognitive functions
Inference comprehension in text reading: Performance of individuals with right- versus left-hemisphere lesions and the influence of cognitive functions
Overview
Right-hemisphere lesions (RHL) may impair inference comprehension. However, comparative studies between left-hemisphere lesions (LHL) and RHL are rare, especially regarding reading comprehension. Moreover, further knowledge of the influence of cognition on inferential processing in this task is needed. The LHL and RHL groups presented difficulties in inferential comprehension in comparison with the CG. However, the RHL group presented lower scores than the LHL group on logical, pragmatic and other questions. A covariance analysis did not show any effect of lesion site within the hemispheres.
Attention and visuospatial abilities affected the scores of both the RHL and LHL groups, and only memory influenced the performance of the RHL group. Lesions in either hemisphere may cause difficulties in making inferences during reading. However, processing more complex inferences was more difficult for patients with RHL than for those with LHL, which suggests that the right hemisphere plays an important role in tasks with higher comprehension demands. Cognition influences inferential processing during reading in brain-injured subjects.
Acknowledgement
Authors Marcela Lima Silagi, Marcia Radanovic, Adriana Bastos Conforto, Lucia Iracema Zanotto Mendonca and Leticia Lessa Mansur
Journal PLoS ONE
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | The internal and external consistency of a speech reception threshold test for isiZulu speakers with normal hearing sensitivity | The internal and external consistency of a speech reception threshold test for isiZulu speakers with normal hearing sensitivity
The internal and external consistency of a speech reception threshold test for isiZulu speakers with normal hearing sensitivity
Overview
This study investigated reliability, particularly the internal and external consistency, of a new isiZulu speech reception threshold (SRT) test. To examine internal consistency, 21 adult isiZulu speakers with normal hearing sensitivity completed the SRT test using the first and second halves of the SRT wordlist in the same test session. Consistency of SRT test scores in these test conditions was measured using intra-class correlation coefficient analyses (a measure of the consistency or reproducibility of different observations of the same quantity) and Bland and Altman analyses of agreement (a comparison of measurement error with the expected variation amongst subjects). Descriptive statistics were calculated for each participant’s SRT score for each variation of the SRT assessment.
The isiZulu SRT test was reliable, showing high internal and external consistency, when used to assess first-language speakers of isiZulu with normal hearing sensitivity. These findings warrant continued development of the isiZulu SRT test for eventual clinical use. This development should include validating this test on first-language speakers of isiZulu with and without hearing loss.
Acknowledgement
Author Seema Panday, Harsha Kathard, Mershen Pillay and Wayne Wilson
Journal South African Journal of Communication Disorders 2018
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Skydiving: The audiological perspective | Skydiving: The audiological perspective
Skydiving: The audiological perspective
Overview
The main aim of this study was to explore the relationship between skydiving and audiology in South Africa. The sub-aims of the study focused on determining if skydivers were provided with safety precautions before they commenced with the dive, determining the middle ear pressure before and after the skydive and identifying the audiological symptoms that were present post-dive. This study also aimed at scrutinising the South African sports and recreation policy. Thirty-one skydivers were purposefully recruited to undergo a pre- and post-dive tympano-metric assessment. There is no information within the clearance forms that pertain to the audiological risks related to skydiving. There was a lack of information related to the risks of skydiving in the clearance forms at both dive schools. A statistically significant pressure change was noted in regular skydivers, regardless of the ability to equalise effectively during the skydive. This study identified the gaps in policy and clearance forms, highlighting the need for the inclusion of safety measures and risks in the documentation and legislation that governs the sport. Audiologists, sportspeople and medical advisors should be cognisant of the negative consequences that may be evident within the auditory system of skydivers.
Acknowledgement
Authors Dhanashree Pillay and Shaaista Dada
Journal South African Journal of Communication Disorders
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action | The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action
The global burden of disabling hearing impairment: a call to action
Overview
At any age, disabling hearing impairment has a profound impact on interpersonal communication, psychosocial well-being, quality of life and economic independence. According to the World Health Organization’s estimates, the number of people with such impairment increased from 42 million in 1985 to about 360 million in 2011. This last figure includes 7.5 million children less than 5 years of age.
In 1995, a “roadmap” for curtailing the burden posed by disabling hearing impairment was outlined in a resolution of the World Health Assembly. While the underlying principle of this roadmap remains valid and relevant, some updating is required to reflect the prevailing epidemiologic transition. We examine the traditional concept and grades of disabling hearing impairment – within the context of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health – as well as the modifications to grading that have recently been proposed by a panel of international experts.
The opportunity offered by the emerging global and high-level interest in promoting disability-inclusive post-2015 development goals and disability-free child survival is also discussed. Since the costs of rehabilitative services are so high as to be prohibitive in low- and middle-income countries, the critical role of primary prevention is emphasized. If the goals outlined in the World Health Assembly’s 1995 resolution on the prevention of hearing impairment are to be reached by Member States, several effective country level initiatives – including the development of public–private partnerships, strong leadership and measurable time-bound targets – will have to be implemented without further delay.
Authors Bolajoko O Olusanya, Katrin J Neumann & James E Saunders
Journal Bull World Health Organ
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Mixed-methods research: A tutorial for speech-language therapists and audiologists in South Africa | Mixed-methods research: A tutorial for speech-language therapists and audiologists in South Africa
Mixed-methods research: A tutorial for speech-language therapists and audiologists in South Africa
Overview
The aim of this tutorial is to increase awareness of the value of MMR, especially for readers less familiar with this research approach. A literature review was conducted to provide an overview of the key issues in MMR. The tutorial discusses the various issues to be considered in the critical appraisal of MMR, followed by an explanation of the process of conducting MMR. A critical review describes the strengths and challenges in MMR. MMR is less commonly used or published in the fields of speech-language therapy and audiology.
Researchers, SLTs and audiologists are encouraged to make use of MMR to address the complex research issues in the multicultural, multifaceted South African context. It was concluded that MMR makes an important contribution to the understanding of individuals with communication disorders, and in turn, researchers in the two disciplinary fields of speech-language therapy and audiology can contribute to the development of this research approach. MMR is well suited to the complexity of South African contexts and its populations, as it can provide multiple perspectives of a topic.
Acknowledgement
Authors Anna-Marie Wium and Brenda Louw
Journal South African Journal of Communication Disorders
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss in dialysis patients | Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss in dialysis patients
Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss in dialysis patients
Overview
Although sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) affects chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients more frequently than non-CKD patients, few reports have described SSNHL in dialysis patients. We aimed to review the characteristics of SSNHL in chronic dialysis patients and evaluate treatment responses to steroid therapy. End-stage renal disease was most frequently caused by diabetic nephropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis and unknown factors. Common accompanying symptoms included tinnitus, ear fullness and vertigo. The mean pure tone audiometry threshold at the initial presentation was 82.6 ± 22.4 dB.
Although the exact incidence of SSNHL has also not been determined in CKD patients, Charlene et al. reported a 1.57-fold higher incidence among CKD patients relative to non-CKD controls. Although we could not identify the specific cause of SSNHL in this population, our relatively large case series elucidates the precise clinical features of SSNHL in this population and demonstrates the outcomes of steroid treatment. A prospective study will be required to clarify the effects of treatment and the relationship between sudden hearing loss and chronic renal failure.
Acknowledgement
Authors Sun-Myoung Kang, Hyun Woo Lim and Hoon Yu
Journal Renal Failure
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Evaluating a smartphone digits-in-noise test as part of the audiometric test battery | Evaluating a smartphone digits-in-noise test as part of the audiometric test battery
Evaluating a smartphone digits-in-noise test as part of the audiometric test battery
Overview
The objective of this study was to evaluate the South African English smartphone DIN test’s performance as part of the audiometric test battery. This descriptive study evaluated 109 adult subjects with and without sensorineural hearing loss by comparing pure-tone air conduction thresholds, speech recognition monaural performance scores (SRS dB) and the DIN speech reception threshold (SRT). Pure-tone threshold testing forms an essential part of the audiometric test battery as the measurement provides information regarding a listener’s degree, type and configuration of hearing loss.
The DIN SRT is strongly associated with the best ear 4FPTA and maximum SRS dB and could therefore provide complementary information on speech recognition impairment in noise. There was a mean signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement in the aided condition that demonstrated an overall benefit of 0.84 SNR dB. The DIN SRT was significantly correlated with the best ear 4FPTA and maximum SRS dB. The DIN SRT provides a useful measure of speech recognition in noise that can evaluate hearing aid fittings, manage counselling and hearing expectations.
Acknowledgement
Authors Jenni-Mari Potgieter, De Wet Swanepoel and Cas Smits
Journal South African Journal of Communication Disorders
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Functional Communication Profiles in Children with Cerebral Palsy in Relation to Gross Motor Function and Manual and Intellectual Ability | Functional Communication Profiles in Children with Cerebral Palsy in Relation to Gross Motor Function and Manual and Intellectual Ability
Functional Communication Profiles in Children with Cerebral Palsy in Relation to Gross Motor Function and Manual and Intellectual Ability
Overview
The aim of the present study was to investigate communication function using classification systems and its association with other functional profiles, including gross motor function, manual ability, intellectual functioning, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that manual ability and intellectual functioning were significantly related with VSS and CFCS function, whereas only intellectual functioning was significantly related with SLPG functioning in children with CP.
Communication function in children with a peri-ventricular white matter lesion (PVWL) varied widely. In the cases with a PVWL, poor functioning was more common on the SLPG, compared to the VSS and CFCS. Compared to the children with bilateral spastic CP, the children with dyskinetic CP had more severe gross motor impairment, although there were no statistical differences in communication function between groups. Very strong relationships were noted among three communication classification systems that are closely related with intellectual ability. Compared to gross motor function, manual ability seemed more closely related with communication function in these children.
Acknowledgement
Authors Ja Young Choi, Jieun Park, Yoon Seong Choi, Yu-ra Goh and Eun Sook Park
Journal Yonsei Medical Journal
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Early hearing detection and intervention: Reflections from the South African context | Early hearing detection and intervention: Reflections from the South African context
Early hearing detection and intervention: Reflections from the South African context
Overview
For researchers and clinicians in developing contexts like South Africa, the establishment of universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) programmes is something which we have strived to achieve. However, we need to ask the question as to whether we have attempted to view our ultimate goal of achieving mandated UNHS programmes from the perspective of the South African healthcare system as a whole. The current manuscript is aimed at providing an overview of audiological services within a broader context, with reflections from a South African perspective, and a suggestion to consider alternatives to UNHS, particularly in the South African public health care sector.
Perhaps we need to consider the following aspects as recommendations to answer these questions and approach the issue of EHDI services in South Africa: • factors contributing towards the reluctance to provide the best of services within our means • our agenda as audiologists and what we convey towards achieving successful NHS programmes within the EHDI framework • our actual achievements within the EHDI framework • the EHDI goals that are truly actionable at this very point in time in our context.
Acknowledgement
Author Amisha Kanji Journal South African Journal of Communication Disorders
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Sentence Context and Word-Picture Cued-Recall Paired-Associate Learning Procedure Boosts Recall in Normal and Mild Alzheimer’s Disease Patients | Sentence Context and Word-Picture Cued-Recall Paired-Associate Learning Procedure Boosts Recall in Normal and Mild Alzheimer’s Disease Patients
Sentence Context and Word-Picture Cued-Recall Paired-Associate Learning Procedure Boosts Recall in Normal and Mild Alzheimer’s Disease Patients
Overview
The aim of this study was to employ the word-picture paradigm to examine the effectiveness of combined pictorial illustrations and sentences as strong contextual cues. The experiment details the performance of word recall in healthy older adults (HOA) and mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The researchers enhanced the words’ recall with word-picture condition and when the pair was associated with a sentence contextualizing the two items.
The findings suggest that both HOA and mild-AD pictures improved item recall compared to word condition such as sentences which further enabled item recall. Additionally, the HOA group performs better than the mild-AD group in all conditions. Word-picture and sentence context strengthen the encoding in the explicit memory task, both in HOA and mild AD. These results open a potential window to improve the memory for verbalized instructions and restore sequential abilities in everyday life, such as brushing one’s teeth, fastening one’s pants, or drying one’s hands.
Acknowledgement
Authors Rosario Iodice, Juan José García Meilán, Juan Carro Ramos and Jeff A. Small
Journal Behavioural Neurology
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Effect of the comprehensive voice rehabilitation program in teachers with behavioral dysphonia | Effect of the comprehensive voice rehabilitation program in teachers with behavioral dysphonia
Effect of the comprehensive voice rehabilitation program in teachers with behavioral dysphonia
Overview
The purpose of this article is to analyse the effects of the Comprehensive Vocal Rehabilitation Program (CVRP) and the motivational stages during speech therapy in teachers with behavioural dysphonia. Auditory-perceptual assessment of the voice showed that 64.7% of the participants improved voice quality post-speech therapy. Comparison between the pre- and post-speech therapy moments showed that 82.4% of the teachers improved their voice according to self-perception.
Statistically significant correlation was observed in the analysis between the pre- and post-speech therapy moments only for the variable’s maximum phonation time and shimmer. Most of the teachers were at the stage of contemplation on the URICA-VOICE scale. This experience in the application of a vocal rehabilitation program showed that, in the case of teachers with functional dysphonia, the CVRP meets the vocal demands. The use of CVRP for the treatment of behavioural dysphonia presented positive results in the pre and post-speech therapy evaluation. As for motivation, the teachers strongly believed in the possibility of facing the problem, but still without much effort to change this situation.
Acknowledgement
Author Nilceneide Ramos Cavalcanti, Bárbara Oliveira Souza, Ana Cristina Côrtes Gama and Adriane Mesquita de Medeiros
CoDAS
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Prognostic significance of leukopenia during the induction phase in adult B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia | Prognostic significance of leukopenia during the induction phase in adult B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Prognostic significance of leukopenia during the induction phase in adult B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Overview
The association between chemotherapy-induced leukopenia and clinical outcome has been reported for several types of cancer. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the association of chemotherapy-induced leukopenia during the induction phase with the clinical outcome of adult B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Fifty-one cases of B-ALL, age =14 years, were reviewed.
The variables under consideration included age, sex, the initial white blood cell (WBC) count (WBC-0), as well as the WBC counts on days 8 (WBC-8), 15 (WBC-15), and 22 (WBC-22) during induction therapy, early bone marrow responses on day 15 during induction therapy, immunophenotype, and cytogenetics. Univariate analysis revealed that WBC-15 =0.40×109/L was significantly associated with inferior event-free survival (EFS) (hazard ratio [HR]=2.95, P=0.004) and overall survival (OS) (HR=2.92, P=0.015).
On multivariate analysis, high WBC-15 (=0.40×109/L) remained an independent prognostic factor for EFS (HR=3.29, P=0.014) and OS (HR=3.29, P=0.038). Our results suggested that WBC-15 may contribute to refinements in the current risk stratification algorithms for adult B-ALL.
Acknowledgement
Authors Chongyun Xing, Bin Liang, Junqing Wu, Qianqian Yang, Gang Hu, Ye Yan, Yu Zhang, Songfu Jiang, Kang Yu and Jianhua Feng
Journal Cancer Management and Research
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Protocol for the systematic review of the reporting of transoral robotic surgery | Protocol for the systematic review of the reporting of transoral robotic surgery
Protocol for the systematic review of the reporting of transoral robotic surgery
Overview
This will be a comprehensive review of transoral robotic surgery and will track its innovative evolution since first published description to present day. Inclusion of all study types will allow identification of good and poor examples of the descriptions of innovative invasive procedures. The methods described are applicable to reviews of any innovative surgical or other invasive procedure.
Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has been adopted in some parts of the world as an innovative approach to the resection of oropharyngeal tumours. The development, details and outcomes of early-to-later phase evaluation of this technique and the quality of evidence to support its adoption into practice have hitherto not been summarised. The aim of this review is to identify and summarise the early and later phase studies of, and evidence for, TORS and to understand how early phase studies report intervention development, governance procedures and selection and reporting of outcomes to optimise methods for using the Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term follow-up (IDEAL) framework for surgical innovation that informs evidence based practice. The protocol has been written in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols checklist.
Acknowledgement
Authors Barry G Main, Natalie S Blencowe, Noah Howes, Sian Cousins, Kerry N L Avery, Alexander Gormley, Phil Radford, Daisy Elliott, Benjamin Byrne, Nicholas Wilson, Robert Hinchliffe, Jane M Blazeby,
Journal
BMJ Open
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Pharmacological and Dietary Factors in preventing Colorectal Cancer | Pharmacological and Dietary Factors in preventing Colorectal Cancer
Pharmacological and Dietary Factors in preventing Colorectal Cancer
Overview
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent neoplasm worldwide and fourth most frequent reason of cancer-related death throughout the world. About 70% of malignant tumours are related to lifestyle and environmental factors, and better knowledge of their significance might reduce the prevalence of CRC. The cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitory and other direct and indirect pathways of aspirin are translated to inhibition proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of cancer cells.
A high energy diet consisting of red meat, animal fat, highly processed foods and unsaturated fats increases the risk of CRC. Carcinogenic role of fat and cholesterol depends on increased production of primary bile acids. Fruits, vegetables and grain are considered to have protective effects against adenoma and CRC. Excessive alcohol consumption, smoking and physical inactivity are considered as important CRC risk factors.
This article briefly summarizes current state of knowledge about the role of pharmacological and dietary prevention of colorectal cancer. Moreover, it indicates that despite many studies some aspects of this issue are not clear and require future studies.
Acknowledgement
Author M. Waluga, M. Zorniak, J. Fichna, M. Kukla and M. Hartleb
Journal Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2018
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Pediatric Minor Head Injury 2.0: Moving from Injury Exclusion to Risk Stratification - Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America | Pediatric Minor Head Injury 2.0: Moving from Injury Exclusion to Risk Stratification - Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
Pediatric Minor Head Injury 2.0: Moving from Injury Exclusion to Risk Stratification - Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
Overview
ED and primary care provider visits for pediatric minor BHT continue to increase. Considerable variability exists in clinician evaluation and management of this generally low- risk population. CDRs should be used to assist providers in identification of very low-risk individuals, eliminating the need for cranial CT scans. The use of periods of observation before imaging can also decrease scanning rates. Outcome data from past retrospective studies as well as prospective data accumulated during the derivation and validation of the PECARN head injury decision rules for children less than 2 years and 2 to 18 years of age can be used to further risk stratify children with minor BHT who are at intermediate or high risk for ciTBI into more discrete categories.
Incorporation of decision aids into practice can be useful for increasing caregiver knowledge and accuracy of risk perception and improve provider identification of patient or caregiver preferences. This can help to facilitate shared decision-making regarding imaging or observation. For children in whom imaging is performed and is normal or shows only isolated linear skull fractures, the rates of deterioration and neurosurgical intervention are rare and, therefore, hospital admission can likely be avoided.
Acknowledgement
Author James (Jim) L. Homme, MD
Journal Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Use of steroid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis | Use of steroid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Use of steroid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Overview
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune, and systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, which mainly affects joints and is characterized by symmetrical synovial inflammation, resulting in destruction of joint cartilage, significant pain, and severe disability. This study will evaluate the effectiveness and the safety of steroid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Randomized clinical trials eligible for our systematic review will enrol adults with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-inflammatory drugs compared with a control group (placebo or active control) at any dose, duration, and route of administration and double blind studies.
Dichotomous data will be summarized as risk ratios; continuous data will be given as standard average differences with 95% confidence intervals. The evidence derived by this study will increase awareness of the effectiveness and safety of steroid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The results could guide patients and healthcare practitioners and help facilitate evidence-based shared care decision making.
Acknowledgement Author Mariana Del Grossi Moura, Luciane Cruz Lopes, Marcus Tolentino Silva, Sílvio Barberato-Filho, Rogério Heládio Lopes Motta and Cristiane de Cássia Bergamaschi,
Journal Medicine Baltimore 2018
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Data Science in Radiology: A Path Forward | Data Science in Radiology: A Path Forward
Data Science in Radiology: A Path Forward
Overview
Artificial intelligence (AI), especially deep learning, has the potential to fundamentally alter clinical radiology. AI algorithms, which excel in quantifying complex patterns in data, have shown remarkable progress in applications ranging from self-driving cars to speech recognition.
The AI application within radiology, known as radiomics, can provide detailed quantifications of the radiographic characteristics of underlying tissues. This information can be used throughout the clinical care path to improve diagnosis and treatment planning, as well as assess treatment response.
This tremendous potential for clinical translation has led to a vast increase in the number of research studies being conducted in the field, a number that is expected to rise sharply in the future. Many studies have reported robust and meaningful findings; however, a growing number also suffer from flawed experimental or analytical designs. Such errors could not only can result in invalid discoveries, but also may lead others to perpetuate similar flaws in their own work.
This perspective article aims to increase awareness of the issue, identify potential reasons why this is happening, and provide a path forward
Author Hugo JWL Aerts
Journal Clinical Cancer Research
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Prospective cohort study comparing quality of life and sexual health outcomes between women undergoing robotic, laparoscopic and open surgery for endometrial cancer | Prospective cohort study comparing quality of life and sexual health outcomes between women undergoing robotic, laparoscopic and open surgery for endometrial cancer
Prospective cohort study comparing quality of life and sexual health outcomes between women undergoing robotic, laparoscopic and open surgery for endometrial cancer
Overview
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecologic cancer in developed countries and has been increasing at a rate of over 2.5% per year in North America for the last decade [1]. Most women are diagnosed at an early stage and surgery is the primary treatment, including total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and surgical staging, which can include pelvic and para-aortic lymph node assessment [2].
This online course aims at evaluating patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between women treated by laparoscopic, robotic and open approaches for endometrial cancer. Historically, the preferred surgical approach for treatment of endometrial cancer has been laparotomy. However, multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing laparoscopy to laparotomy have reported decreases in postoperative complication rates and length of hospital stay in women undergoing laparoscopy [3–6]. Importantly, there appears to be no difference in disease-free and overall survival in those women treated by a minimally invasive approach [6,7]. Based on these findings, laparoscopy, and more recently robotic surgeries, have become standard surgical approaches for endometrial cancer.
It was concluded that minimally invasive approaches result in improved QOL beyond the short-term postoperative
Acknowledgement
Author Sarah E. Ferguson, Tony Panzarella, Susie Lau, Lilian T. Given, Vanessa Samouëlian, Christopher Giede, Helen Steedi, Tien Le, Ben Renkosinski, Marcus Q, Bernardini,
Journal
Gynecologic Oncology
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Oral corticosteroids for asthma exacerbations might be associated with adrenal suppression: Are physicians aware of that? | Oral corticosteroids for asthma exacerbations might be associated with adrenal suppression: Are physicians aware of that?
Oral corticosteroids for asthma exacerbations might be associated with adrenal suppression: Are physicians aware of that?
Overview
Oral corticosteroids (OCS) are a mainstay of treatment for asthma exacerbations, and short-term OCS courses were generally considered to be safe. Our study aimed at investigating the integrity of the HPA axis in children with persistent asthma or recurrent wheezing at the beginning of an inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) trial. Morning basal cortisol was assessed just before the beginning of ICS, and 30, 60, and 90 days later, using Immulite® Siemens Medical Solutions Diagnostic chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (Los Angeles, USA; 2006).
In all, 140 children (0.3-15 years old) with persistent asthma or recurrent wheezing have been evaluated and 40% of them reported short-term OCS courses for up to 30 days before evaluation. Out of these, 12.5% had biochemical adrenal suppression but showed adrenal recovery during a three-month ICS trial treatment. In conclusion, short-term systemic courses of corticosteroids at conventional doses can put children at risk of HPA axis dysfunction. ICS treatment does not impair adrenal recovery from occurring. Health practitioners should be aware of the risk of a blunted cortisol response upon
Acknowledgement
Authors Cristina B. Barra, Maria Jussara F. Fontes, Marco Túlio G. Cintra, Renata C. Cruz, Janaína A. G. Rocha, Maíla Cristina C. Guimarães and Ivani Novato Silva
Journal Revista Da Associação Médica Brasileira
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | MRI for Detecting Root Avulsions in Traumatic Adult Brachial Plexus Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy | MRI for Detecting Root Avulsions in Traumatic Adult Brachial Plexus Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy
MRI for Detecting Root Avulsions in Traumatic Adult Brachial Plexus Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy
Overview Background Traumatic brachial plexus injuries affect 1% of patients involved in major trauma. MRI is the best test for traumatic brachial plexus injuries, although its ability to differentiate root avulsions (which require urgent reconstructive surgery) from other types of nerve injury remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of MRI for diagnosing root avulsions in adults with traumatic brachial plexus injuries.
For this systematic review, MEDLINE and Embase were searched from inception to August 20, 2018. Studies of adults with traumatic nonpenetrating unilateral brachial plexus injuries were included. The target condition was root avulsion. The index test was preoperative MRI, and the reference standard was surgical exploration. A bivariate meta-analysis was used to estimate summary sensitivities and specificities of MRI for avulsion. Results Eleven studies of 275 adults performed between 1992 and 2016 were included. Most participants had been injured in motorcycle collisions (84%).
On the basis of limited data, MRI offers modest diagnostic accuracy for traumatic brachial plexus root avulsion(s), and early surgical exploration should remain as the preferred method of diagnosis.
Authors: Ryckie G. Wade , Yemisi Takwoingi, Justin C. R. Wormald, John P. Ridgway, Steven Tanner, James J. Rankine, Grainne Bourke
Journal Radiology
| 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | Robotic radical hysterectomy is superior to laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and open radical hysterectomy in the treatment of cervical cancer | Robotic radical hysterectomy is superior to laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and open radical hysterectomy in the treatment of cervical cancer
Robotic radical hysterectomy is superior to laparoscopic radical hysterectomy and open radical hysterectomy in the treatment of cervical cancer
Overview
Cervical cancer (CC) continues to be a global burden for women, with higher incidence and mortality rates reported annually. Many countries have witnessed a dramatic reduction in the prevalence of CC due to widely accessed robotic radical hysterectomy (RRH). This network meta-analysis aims to compare intra-operative and postoperative outcomes in way of RRH, laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LTH) and open radical hysterectomy (ORH) in the treatment of early-stage CC. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases was performed from inception to June 2016. Clinical controlled trials (CCTs) of above three hysterectomies in the treatment of early-stage CC were included in this study. Seventeen 17 CCTs were ultimately enrolled in this network meta-analysis. The network meta-analysis showed that patients treated by RRH and LRH had lower estimated blood loss compared to patients treated by ORH. the SUCRA value of three radical hysterectomies showed that patients receiving RRH illustrated better conditions on intra-operative blood loss, operation time, the number of resected lymph nodes, length of hospital stay and intra-operative and postoperative complications, while patients receiving ORH demonstrated relatively poorer conditions.
Acknowledgement
Authors Yue-Mei Jin, Shan-Shan Liu, Jun Chen, Yan-Nan Chen and Chen-Chen Ren
Journal PLoS ONE
| 3 | | R415.00 | |
| | Prenatal vitamin D supplementation reduces risk of asthma/recurrent wheeze in early childhood: A combined analysis of two randomized controlled trials | Prenatal vitamin D supplementation reduces risk of asthma/recurrent wheeze in early childhood: A combined analysis of two randomized controlled trials
Prenatal vitamin D supplementation reduces risk of asthma/recurrent wheeze in early childhood: A combined analysis of two randomized controlled trials
Overview
We recently published two independent randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy, both indicating a >20% reduced risk of asthma/recurrent wheeze in the offspring by 3 years of age. However, neither reached statistical significance. VDAART (N = 806) and COPSAC2010. (N = 581) randomized pregnant women to daily high-dose vitamin D3 (4,000 IU/d and 2,400 IU/d, respectively) or placebo. All women also received a prenatal vitamin containing 400 IU/d vitamin D3. The primary outcome was asthma/recurrent wheeze from 0-3yrs.
We conducted random effects combined analyses of the treatment effect, individual patient data (IPD) meta-analyses, and analyses stratified by 25(OH)D level at study entry. This combined analysis shows that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy results in a significant reduced risk of asthma/recurrent wheeze in the offspring, especially among women with 25(OH)D level 30 ng/ml at randomization, where the risk was almost halved. Future studies should examine the possibility of raising 25(OH)D levels to at least 30 ng/ml early in pregnancy or using higher doses than used in our studies
Acknowledgements
Authors Helene M. Wolsk, Bo L. Chawes, Augusto A. Litonjua, Bruce W. Hollis, Johannes Waage, Jakob Stokholm, Klaus Bønnelykke, Hans Bisgaard and Scott T. Weiss.
Journal PLoS One
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Imaging of Precision Therapy for Lung Cancer: Current State of the Art | Imaging of Precision Therapy for Lung Cancer: Current State of the Art
Imaging of Precision Therapy for Lung Cancer: Current State of the Art
Overview
Advances in characterization of molecular and genomic abnormalities specific to lung cancer have made precision therapy the current standard of care for lung cancer treatment. This article will provide a cutting-edge review of imaging of lung cancer in the current era of precision medicine. The focus of the article includes (a) an update on the recent advances in precision therapy for non-small cell lung cancer and their implications on imaging; (b) molecular and genomic biomarkers and pitfalls of image interpretations for lung cancer precision therapy; and (c) review of the current approaches and future directions of precision imaging for lung cancer, emphasizing emerging observations in longitudinal tumour kinetics, radiomics, and molecular and functional imaging. The article is designed to help radiologists to remain up to date in the rapidly evolving world of lung cancer therapy and serve as key members of multidisciplinary teams caring for these patients.
Authors Hyesun Park, Lynette M. Sholl, Hiroto Hatabu, Mark M. Awad, Mizuki Nishino
Journal Radiology
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Plus Disease in Retinopathy of Prematurity: More Than Meets the ICROP | Plus Disease in Retinopathy of Prematurity: More Than Meets the ICROP
Plus Disease in Retinopathy of Prematurity: More Than Meets the ICROP
Overview
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a vasoproliferative reti¬nal disease affecting premature infants, is a leading cause of childhood blindness throughout the world. Plus disease, defined as venous dilatation and arteriolar tortuosity within the posterior retinal vessels greater than or equal to that of a standard published photograph, is the most critical finding in identifying treatment-requiring ROP. Despite an internation¬ally accepted definition of plus disease, there is significant variability in diagnostic process and outcome, producing variable levels of reported intra- and inter-expert agreement. Several potential explanations for poor agreement have been proposed, including attention to undefined vascular features such as venous tortuosity, focus on narrower or wider field of view, unfamiliarity with digital images, the magnification and apparent severity of the standard photograph, and cut-off point differences among experts as to the level of tortuosity and dilation sufficient for “plus dis¬ease” along a continuum.
Moreover, differences in diagnostic consistency among groups of experts separated both geographically and chronologi¬cally have been reported. These findings have implications for clinical care, research, and education, and highlight the need for a more precise definition of plus disease and objective diagnostic methods for ROP.
Acknowledgements
Authors Layla Ghergherehchi, MD, Sang Jin Kim, MD, PhD, J. Peter Campbell, MD, MPH, Susan Ostmo, MS, R.V. Paul Chan, MD and Michael F. Chiang, MD
Journal Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology
| 3 | | R415.00 | |
| | Pregnancy following robot-assisted laparoscopic partial cystectomy and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment within three months in an infertile woman with bladder endometriosis | Pregnancy following robot-assisted laparoscopic partial cystectomy and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment within three months in an infertile woman with bladder endometriosis
Pregnancy following robot-assisted laparoscopic partial cystectomy and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment within three months in an infertile woman with bladder endometriosis
Overview
Endometriosis is a benign disease defined as endometrial tissue implanting outside the uterine cavity and often causes dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, dyspareunia and infertility. The prevalence of endometriosis has been reported in up to 50% of infertile women. This article serves to report an infertility case of deep-infiltrating bladder endometriosis conceiving following robot-assisted surgery and modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment.
Case report: A 33-year-old infertile female presenting with dysmenorrhea was found to have a bladder mass by pelvic ultrasound. Cystoscopy revealed a protruding tumour from the posterior bladder wall, and endometriosis was highly suspected. Robot-assisted laparoscopic partial cystectomy was performed for the deep-infiltrating bladder endometriosis. With postoperative half-dose GnRHa treatment and timed intercourse, she got pregnant within 3 months.
It was concluded that robot-assisted complete resection of deep-infiltrating endometriosis and bladder repair immediately followed by GnRHa therapy and medical assistance improves reproductive outcomes efficiently in women with endometriosis-associated infertility
Acknowledgement
Author Shun-Jen Tan, Chi-Huang Chen, Shauh-Der Yeh, Yun-Ho Lin, Chii-Ruey Tzeng
Journal Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Technique for single axillary incision robotic assisted quadrantectomy and immediate partial breast reconstruction with robotic latissimus dorsi flap harvest for breast cancer | Technique for single axillary incision robotic assisted quadrantectomy and immediate partial breast reconstruction with robotic latissimus dorsi flap harvest for breast cancer
Technique for single axillary incision robotic assisted quadrantectomy and immediate partial breast reconstruction with robotic latissimus dorsi flap harvest for breast cancer
Overview
The clinical application of robotic surgery in breast conserving surgery or volume replacement with robotic latissimus dorsi flap harvest (RLDFH) has been rarely reported. In this study, we report the preliminary experience and clinical outcome of robotic assisted quadrantectomy (RAQ) and immediate partial breast reconstruction (IPBR) with RLDFH.
The post-operative recovery was smooth except for seroma formation over the back, which was relieved after repeated aspiration at an outpatient clinic. The patient was satisfied with the post-operative scar and aesthetic outcome. No local recurrence, distant metastasis or case mortality was found during 5 months of follow-up. RAQ and IPBR with RLDFH is a safe alternative for small-to-medium-breast-size women with breast cancer who desire breast conservation and are indicated for volume replacement with autologous latissimus dorsi flap.
Acknowledgement
Authors Hung-Wen Lai, Shou-Tung Chen, Shih-Lung Lin, Ya-Ling Lin, Hwa-Koon Wu, Shu-Hsin Pai, Dar-Ren Chen and Shou-Jen Kuo,
Journal
Medicine Baltimore
Publisher Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Peroneus Tertius Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Anterolateral Ankle and Rearfoot Pain | Peroneus Tertius Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Anterolateral Ankle and Rearfoot Pain
Peroneus Tertius Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Anterolateral Ankle and Rearfoot Pain
Overview There is limited literature describing anterolateral ankle or rearfoot pain associated with the peroneus tertius tendon. The purpose of this study is to define peroneus tertius syndrome, in which the peroneus tertius tendon causes catching or locking over the anterolateral ankle or rearfoot with accompanying pain. The study presented a retrospective case series involving 4 patients diagnosed with peroneus tertius syndrome, discuss symptoms for clinical diagnosis, review radiographic imaging, and outline a minimally invasive operative technique for resection of the symptomatic tendon.
The results demonstrate that excision of a symptomatic peroneus tertius provides resolution of symptoms, facilitates a quick return to activity, and has excellent patient outcomes. It is suggested that during the evaluation of anterolateral ankle or rearfoot pain, peroneus tertius syndrome be considered as part of the differential diagnosis.
Authors Kelli L. Iceman, Mark K. Magnus, Mitchel J. Thompson, Bradley P. Abicht
Journal The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Factors Associated with Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children Aged 7 to 9 Years | Factors Associated with Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children Aged 7 to 9 Years
Factors Associated with Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children Aged 7 to 9 Years
Overview
Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is one of the major challenges in pediatric dentistry. The prevalence is estimated to approximately 9%. Using the children’s fear survey schedule dental subscale (CFSS-DS), 6.7% of a Swedish sample were assessed as being fearful DFA is a common reason for avoiding dental treatment, which over time, may result in deteriorated oral health. DFA among children has a complicated and multifactorial etiology. Several interacting factors, personal as well as environmental, contribute to the development of fear and anxiety in a dental care situation.
Psychological factors such as shyness and general fearfulness or immaturity have previously been investigated and found to be important. Cognitive ability as well as transmission of negative attitudes from parents or others are also pathways of DFA acquisition. Several studies have shown an association between parental and child DFA.
Acknowledgements
Authors Andreas Dahlander, Fernanda Soares, Margaret Grindefjord, and Göran Dahllöf
Journal Dentistry Journal Volume 7 Issue 3
Publisher PubMed
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Dental anxiety in patients attending a student dental clinic | Dental anxiety in patients attending a student dental clinic
Dental anxiety in patients attending a student dental clinic
Overview
This study investigated the expectations and experiences of a sample of new patients visiting an Australian regional university Student Dental Clinic about anxiety provoking and alleviating stimuli in the clinical environment. Differences in anxiety levels were examined by age, gender and the type of procedure undergone. There was a reduction in dental anxiety from pre-treatment (M=1.92) to post-treatment (M=1.23) on the single item anxiety measure though most of the treatment being undergone by patients was for less complex procedures. Patients’ anticipatory experience of anxiety was higher than the anxiety experience after having undergone treatment at the student dental clinic. Student interpersonal skills and clinical ability as perceived by the patient can lessen dental anxiety in patients. Clinical Supervisor-student ratios need to be more equivalent in order to reduce the time length of appointments which currently are associated with increased patient anxiety levels in student dental clinics.
Authors Marie L. Caltabiano, Felicity Croker, Lauren Page, Anton Sklavos, Jade Spiteri, Louise Hanrahan and Richard Choi
Journal BMC Oral Health Volume 18 Issue 1
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | A Review of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the Role of the Dentist | A Review of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the Role of the Dentist
A Review of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the Role of the Dentist
Overview
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (POSA), considered most severe in the spectrum of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), is highly prevalent and affects up to 1% to 4% of all children. Approximately 7 to 9 million children experience POSA, prompting the medical and dental communities to improve awareness for proper screening, diagnosis, and earlier treatment. According to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD), signs of untreated POSA in school-aged children can include neurocognitive dysfunction such as aggressive behavior, symptoms that resemble attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, deteriorating school performance, bedwetting, developmental delay, and reduced quality of life. Various surgical and nonsurgical techniques are currently being used in the treatment of POSA. In this review, the etiology, epidemiology, and treatment considerations of POSA will be summarized with special emphasis on the dental provider’s role in identifying and treating POSA.
Authors: Jacy Stauffer, David M. Okuji, Guy C. Lichty, Rakesh Bhattacharjee, Fadra Whyte, Daniel Miller, Juveria Hussain
Journal: Journal of Dental Sleep Medicine Volume 5 Issue 4 2018
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Connecting with Your Dentist on Facebook: Patients’ and Dentists’ Attitudes Towards Social Media Usage in Dentistry | Connecting with Your Dentist on Facebook: Patients’ and Dentists’ Attitudes Towards Social Media Usage in Dentistry
Connecting with Your Dentist on Facebook: Patients’ and Dentists’ Attitudes Towards Social Media Usage in Dentistry
Overview
Social media has begun to proliferate across medical areas and transformed how medical professionals serve and interact with their patients. It offers a new communication avenue that has the potential to engage patients and, hence, may be used to create value for both medical professionals and patients. In dentistry, even though patients and dentists frequently use social media in their personal lives, little is known about their attitudes and expectations toward using social media for professional interactions. This paper focused on the role of social media in dentistry. Specifically, patients’ and dentists’ attitudes toward social media usage and their current online behaviours in this context. Furthermore, examining potential challenges and opportunities regarding dentists’ adoption of social media practices. For both patients and dentists, the role of social media in dental services remains vague, and both parties still share concerns about connecting with each other on social media platforms. However, there also exists a sizeable number of patients who are already comfortable to connect with their dentists on social media sites such as Facebook. The current findings show that there is an opportunity for dental practices to trade upon a more active social media presence for enhanced patient interaction and engagement.
Author Nilesh Parmar, Lin Dong, Andreas Benedikt Eisingerich
Journal Journal of Medical Internet Research Volume 20 Issue 6
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Dental anxiety, oral health-related quality of life, and general well-being: A self-determination theory perspective | Dental anxiety, oral health-related quality of life, and general well-being: A self-determination theory perspective
Dental anxiety, oral health-related quality of life, and general well-being: A self-determination theory perspective
Overview The aim of this study was to test a structural equation model (SEM) with the following hypotheses: (1) patients’ perceptions of oral health care professionals’ (i.e., dentists and dental hygienists) controlling interpersonal styles would positively predict patients’ dental anxiety through their basic psychological need frustration in treatment; (2) in turn, high dental anxiety would positively predict dysregulation of dental anxiety, which through a feedback loop contributes to perception of oral health care professionals’ controlling styles; and, (3) in addition, both dental anxiety and dysregulation of dental anxiety would predict poor Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and subsequently poor general well-being.
A bootstrapping procedure indicated that all indirect links in the model were supported. Analysis indicated that common method variance (CMV) did not seriously distort the results in this setting. Although the majority of oral health care professionals are perceived as being noncontrolling by their patients (51%), the proportion perceived as moderately (38%) or highly (11%) controlling represent a challenge for oral health care education and practice. It would be useful for oral health care professionals to be trained in avoiding a controlling treatment style.
Authors Anne Elisabeth Münster Halvari, Hallgeir Halvari, Edward L. Deci
Journal Journal of Applied Social Psychology Pages 1 - 12
| 3 | | R416.00 | |
| | A modified anthrax toxin-based enzyme linked immunospot assay reveals robust T cell responses in symptomatic and asymptomatic Ebola virus exposed individuals | A modified anthrax toxin-based enzyme linked immunospot assay reveals robust T cell responses in symptomatic and asymptomatic Ebola virus exposed individuals
A modified anthrax toxin-based enzyme linked immunospot assay reveals robust T cell responses in symptomatic and asymptomatic Ebola virus exposed individuals
Overview
Ebola virus (EBOV) caused more than 11,000 deaths during the 2013 ± 2016 epidemic in West Africa without approved vaccines or immunotherapeutic. Despite its high lethality in some individuals, EBOV infection can produce little to no symptoms in others. A better understanding of the immune responses in individuals who experienced minimally symptomatic and asymptomatic infection could aid the development of more effective vaccines and antivirals against EBOV and related filoviruses.
The West African Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak is the largest on record with over 28,000 reported symptomatic cases and more than 11,000 deaths. We developed a simple and inexpensive modified anthrax toxin based ELISPOT assay to detect and characterize the T cell responses elicited by prior exposure to EBOV. Our data show robust T cell responses to several EBOV proteins in individuals who experienced both severe and asymptomatic EBOV infections. These results provide further evidence that EBOV transmission events can go undetected. We also show that the seropositive asymptomatic individuals have stronger T cell responses compared to survivors, which has important implications for vaccine development.
Acknowledgement
Authors Bobby Brooke Herrera, Donald J. Hamel, Philip Oshun, Rolake Akinsola, Alani S. Akanmu, Charlotte A. Chang, Philomena Eromon, Onikepe Folarin, Kayode T. Adeyemi, Christian T. Happi, Yichen Lu, Folasade Ogunsola, Phyllis J. Kank
Journal PLoS Neglected Tropical Disease
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | A prospective study of frequency of eating restaurant prepared meals (cardiometabolic mortality) | A prospective study of frequency of eating restaurant prepared meals (cardiometabolic mortality)
A prospective study of frequency of eating restaurant prepared meals (cardiometabolic mortality)
Overview
Restaurant prepared foods are known to be energy-dense and high in fat and sodium, but lower in protective nutrients. There is evidence of higher risk of adiposity, type II diabetes, and heart disease in frequent consumers of restaurant meals. However, the risk of mortality as a long-term health consequence of frequent consumption of restaurant meals has not been examined. We examined the prospective risk of all-cause and coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and diabetes (cardiometabolic) mortality in relation to frequency of eating restaurant prepared meals in a national cohort.
The results were robust to effect modification by baseline BMI, years of education, and baseline morbidity. Expectedly, the 24-h dietary intakes of whole grains, fruits, dietary fiber, folate, vitamin C, potassium and magnesium at baseline were lower, but energy, energy density, and energy from fat were higher in more frequent restaurant meal reporters. Although both self-reported food group and nutrient intakes, and serum concentrations of several nutritional biomarkers in more frequent reporters of restaurant meals were suggestive of poor quality of diets reported at baseline, we found no prospective associations with mortality from all-causes or cardiometabolic diseases in this national cohort.
Acknowledgement
Author Ashima K. Kant and Barry I. Graubard
Journal PLoS One Volume 13 Issue 1
Publisher Cross Mark
| 3 | | R378.00 | |
| | EcoHealth and the Determinants of Health: Perspectives of a Small Subset of Canadian Academics in the EcoHealth Community | EcoHealth and the Determinants of Health: Perspectives of a Small Subset of Canadian Academics in the EcoHealth Community
EcoHealth and the Determinants of Health: Perspectives of a Small Subset of Canadian Academics in the EcoHealth Community
Overview
EcoHealth is an emerging field that examines the complex relationships among humans, animals, and the environment, and how these relationships affect the health of each of these domains. Our previous research demonstrates that the academic EcoHealth literature had a low, uneven engagement with the determinants of health. Accordingly, to make sense of this gap, our research aim is to better understand the views of a small subset of the Canadian EcoHealth community about EcoHealth and the determinants of health relative to EcoHealth. We used a qualitative research design involving seven semi-structured interviews, which were analysed using thematic analysis.
Our findings suggest a tension across themes and a lack of conceptual engagement with the determinants of health. As we consider a future with rapid, unsustainable changes, we expect the identification and integration of the different types of determinants of health within EcoHealth to be imperative for EcoHealth to attain its goal of improving the health and well-being of humans, animals, and in the environment.
Acknowledgement
Author Aryn Lisitza and Gregor Wolbring
Journal International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health Volume 15 Issue 8
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Evidence for increasing densities and geographic ranges of tick species of public health significance other than Ixodes scapularis in Quebec, Canada | Evidence for increasing densities and geographic ranges of tick species of public health significance other than Ixodes scapularis in Quebec, Canada
Evidence for increasing densities and geographic ranges of tick species of public health significance other than Ixodes scapularis in Quebec, Canada
Overview
Climate change is driving emergence and establishment of Ixodes scapularis, the main vector of Lyme disease in QueÂbec, Canada. As for the black-legged tick, I. scapularis Say, global warming may also favor northward expansion of other species of medically important ticks. The aims of this study were to determine (1) current diversity and abundance of ticks of public health significance other than I. scapularis, (2) sex and age of the human population bitten by these ticks (3), and the seasonal and geographic pattern of their occurrence.
Of the 862 people bitten by these ticks, 43.3% were I. cookei ticks removed from children aged < 10 years. These findings demonstrate the need for surveillance of all the tick species of medical importance in QueÂbec, particularly because climate may increase their abundance and geographic ranges, increasing the risk to the public of the diseases they transmit.
Acknowledgement
Author Salima Gasmi, Catherine Bouchard, Nicholas H. Ogden, Ariane Adam-Poupart, Yann Pelcat, Erin E. Rees, FrancËois Milord, Patrick A. Leighton, Robbin L. Lindsay, Jules K. Koffi and Karine Thivierge
Journal PLoS One
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Extracorporeal human whole blood in motion, as a tool to predict first-infusion reactions and mechanism-of-action of immune-therapeutics | Extracorporeal human whole blood in motion, as a tool to predict first-infusion reactions and mechanism-of-action of immune-therapeutics
Extracorporeal human whole blood in motion, as a tool to predict first-infusion reactions and mechanism-of-action of immune-therapeutics
Overview
First infusion reactions along with severe anaphylactic responses can occur as a result of systemic administration of therapeutic antibodies. The underlying mechanisms by which monoclonal antibodies induce cytokine release syndrome (CRS) can involve direct agonistic effects via the drug target, or a combination of target-engagement along with innate receptor interactions.
One assay that has not been assessed for its capacity to predict CRS is the modified Chandler loop model. On the other hand, non-agonistic antibodies associated with no or low infusion reactions in the clinic, namely cetuximab and natalizumab, neither induce cytokine release nor cause false positive responses. Additionally, the value of an intact complement system in the assay is highlighted by the possibility to dissect out the mechanism-of-action of alemtuzumab and rituximab. The loop assay can either complement lymph node-like assays or stand-alone to investigate drug/blood interactions during preclinical development, or for individual safety screening prior to first-in-man clinical trial.
Acknowledgement
Authors Erika A.K. Fletcher, Mohamed Eltahir, Frida Lindqvist, Jonas Rieth, Gunilla Törnqvist, Justyna Leja-Jarblad and Sara M. Mangsbo
Journal International Immunopharmacology Volume 54
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Flax oil from transgenic Linum Usitatissimum | Flax oil from transgenic Linum Usitatissimum
Flax oil from transgenic Linum Usitatissimum
Overview
Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) - an annual plant, primarily cultivated for industrial purposes, as a source of fibers and oil, was recently genetically modified in order to enhance wound healing properties of the fibers.
Emulsions made of oils from transgenic flaxseeds significantly decreased in vitro proliferation of six tested human cancer cell lines in 48-h cultures. However, the emulsions also increased proliferation rate of normal human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Both inhibition of in vitro proliferation of human cancer cell lines and stimulation of proliferation of normal dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes were especially strong with the emulsion type B and with emulsion type M.
Flaxseeds oils from transgenic plants could be considered as valuable adjunct to standard cytostatic drugs in the treatment course of human cancers and can be used to improve skin wound healing. Further in vitro studies should be focused on evaluation of intracellular content of the cytostatic drugs in cancer cells cultured in the presence of the tested emulsions.
Acknowledgement
Authors Tomasz Gebarowski, Katarzyna Gebczak, Benita Wiatrak, Anna Kulma, Katarzyna Pelc, Tadeusz Czuj, Jan Szopa and Kazimierz Gasiorowski.
Journal Acta Pol Pharm. Volume 74 Issue 2
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Human Milk Oligosaccharides: 20-Fucosyllactose (20-FL) and Lacto-N-Neotetraose (LNnT) in Infant Formula | Human Milk Oligosaccharides: 20-Fucosyllactose (20-FL) and Lacto-N-Neotetraose (LNnT) in Infant Formula
Human Milk Oligosaccharides: 20-Fucosyllactose (20-FL) and Lacto-N-Neotetraose (LNnT) in Infant Formula
Overview
The authors reviewed the published evidence on the presence of oligosaccharides in human milk (HMO) and their benefits in in vitro and in vivo studies. The amount of HMOs in mother’s milk is a dynamic process as it changes over time. Many factors, such as duration of lactation, environmental, and genetic factors, influence the number of HMOs.
The limited clinical data suggest that the addition of HMOs to infant formula seems to be safe and well tolerated, inducing a normal growth and suggesting a trend towards health benefits. HMOs are one of the major differences between cow’s milk and human milk, and available evidence indicates that these components do have a health promoting benefit. The addition of one or two of these components to infant formula is safe and brings infant formula closer to human milk. More prospective, randomized trials in infants are needed to evaluate the clinical benefit of supplementing infant formula with HMOs.
Acknowledgement
Author Yvan Vandenplas, Bernard Berger, Virgilio Paolo Carnielli, Janusz Ksiazyk , Hanna Lagström, Manuel Sanchez Luna, Natalia Migacheva, Jean-Marc Mosselman, Jean-Charles Picaud, Mike Possner, Atul Singhal and Martin Wabitsch
Journal Nutrients 2018, Volume 10 Issue 9 Publisher MDPI
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Immunogenomic Classification of Colo-rectal Cancer and Therapeutic Implications | Immunogenomic Classification of Colo-rectal Cancer and Therapeutic Implications
Immunogenomic Classification of Colo-rectal Cancer and Therapeutic Implications
Overview
The immune system has a substantial effect on colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Additionally, the response to immunotherapeutic and conventional treatment options (e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies) is influenced by the immune system.
The molecular characterization of colorectal cancer (CRC) has led to the identification of favourable and unfavourable immunological attributes linked to clinical outcome. With the definition of consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs) based on transcriptomic profiles, multiple characteristics have been proposed to be responsible for the development of the tumour immune microenvironment and corresponding mechanisms of immune escape.
In this review, a detailed description of proposed immune phenotypes as well as their interaction with different therapeutic modalities will be provided. Finally, possible strategies to shift the CRC immune phenotype towards a reactive, anti-tumour orientation are proposed per CMS. The recognition of the impact of the immune system on the progression of CRC has led to the identification and detailed characterization of tumour immune phenotypes.
Acknowledgement
Author Jessica Roelands, Peter J. K. Kuppen, Louis Vermeulen, Cristina Maccalli, Julie Decock, Ena Wang, Francesco M. Marincola, Davide Bedognetti and Wouter Hendrickx
Journal International Journal of Molecular Sciences Volume 18 Issue 10
Publisher PubMed
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | In vitro immunotherapy potency assays using real-time cell analysis | In vitro immunotherapy potency assays using real-time cell analysis
In vitro immunotherapy potency assays using real-time cell analysis
Overview
A growing understanding of the molecular interactions between immune effector cells and target tumour cells, coupled with refined gene therapy approaches, are giving rise to novel cancer immuno-therapeutics with remarkable efficacy in the clinic against both solid and liquid tumours. Therefore, there is an urgent need for functional potency assays, in vitro and in vivo, that could model the complex interaction of immune cells with tumour cells and can be used to rapidly test the efficacy of different immunotherapy approaches, whether it is small molecule, biologics, cell therapies or combinations thereof.
Herein we report the development of an xCELLigence real-time cytolytic in vitro potency assay that uses cellular impedance to continuously monitor the viability of target tumour cells while they are being subjected to different types of treatments. In summary, our results demonstrate the xCELLigence platform to be well suited for potency assays, providing quantitative assessment with high reproducibility and a greatly simplified workflow.
Acknowledgement
Author Fabio Cerignoli, Yama A. Abassi, Brandon J. Lamarche, Garret Guenther, David Santa Ana, Diana Guimet, Wen Zhang, Jing Zhang and Biao Xi
Journal PLoS ONE Volume 13 Issue 3
Publisher Cross Mark
| 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | Incidental Statin Use and the Risk of Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack after Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer | Incidental Statin Use and the Risk of Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack after Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Incidental Statin Use and the Risk of Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack after Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Overview
Interventions to reduce the risk for cerebrovascular events (CVE; stroke and transient ischemic attack [TIA]) after radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNCA) are needed. We aimed to test whether incidental statin use at the time of RT is associated with a lower rate of CVEs after RT for HNCA.
From an institutional database we identified all consecutive subjects treated with neck RT from 2002 to 2012 for HNCA. Data collection and event adjudication was performed by blinded teams. The primary outcome was a composite of ischemic stroke and TIA. The secondary outcome was ischemic stroke. The association between statin use and events was determined using Cox proportional hazard models after adjustment for traditional and RT-specific risk factors.
Incidental statin use at the time of RT for HNCA is associated with a lower risk of stroke or TIA.
Acknowledgement
Authors
Daniel Addison, Patrick R. Lawler, Hamed Emami, Sumbal A. Janjua, Pedro V. Staziaki, Travis R. Hallett, Orla Hennessy, Hang Lee, Bálint Szilveszter, Michael Lu, Negar Mousavi, Matthew G. Nayor, Francesca N. Delling, Javier M. Romero, Lori J. Wirth, Annie W. Chan, Udo Hoffmann, Tomas G. Neilan
Journal Journal of Stroke Publisher Cross Mark
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Laser Angiography to Assess the Vaginal Cuff During Robotic Hysterectomy | Laser Angiography to Assess the Vaginal Cuff During Robotic Hysterectomy
Laser Angiography to Assess the Vaginal Cuff During Robotic Hysterectomy
Overview
Vaginal cuff dehiscence may be a vascular-mediated event, and reports show a higher incidence after robot-assisted total laparoscopic hysterectomy (RATLH), when compared with other surgical routes. This study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using laser angiography to assess vaginal cuff perfusion during RATLH.
This was a pilot feasibility trial incorporating 20 women who underwent RATLH for benign disease. Colpotomy was made with ultrasonic or monopolar instruments, whereas barbed or non-barbed suture was used for cuff closure. Time of instrument activation during colpotomy was recorded. Images were captured of vaginal cuff perfusion before and after cuff closure. Reviewers evaluated these images and determined areas of adequate cuff perfusion.
Vaginal cuff dehiscence is a morbid, potentially fatal complication that can occur after total hysterectomy from any approach. During the 20th century, very few cases were reported, and 95% occurred after total abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy, before the advent of laparoscopic hysterectomy1
Acknowledgement
Authors Benjamin D. Beran, MD, Marie Shockley, MD, Pamela Frazzini Padilla, MD, Sara Farag, MD, Pedro Escobar, MD, Stephen Zimberg, MD, Michael L. Sprague, MD
Journal JSLS (Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons) Volume 22 Issue 2
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Management of Accidental and Iatrogenic Foreign Body Injuries to Heart- Case Series | Management of Accidental and Iatrogenic Foreign Body Injuries to Heart- Case Series
Management of Accidental and Iatrogenic Foreign Body Injuries to Heart- Case Series
Overview
Accidental and iatrogenic foreign body injuries to heart require immediate attention and its timely management is cornerstone to the life of an individual. We describe in detail five cases of Accidental and iatrogenic foreign body injuries to heart encountered between January 2013 and July 2016. Our series included the following: needle stick injury to the right atrium retained catheter fragments in the distal main pulmonary artery, right ventricle injury during catheterisation study, right ventricle injury during permanent pacemaker lead placement, device migration in atrial septal defect closure. Foreign bodies were removed from the cardiac cavities when the patient presented with features of infection, cardiac tamponade, anxiety, and haemodynamic instability. Foreign bodies in the heart should be removed irrespective of their location and symptomatology. Asymptomatic foreign bodies diagnosed immediately after the injury with associated risk factors should be removed; asymptomatic foreign bodies without associated risks factors or diagnosed accidentally after the injury also need surgical intervention to allay fears of anxiety in patient and their relatives, to prevent any late complications as well as for medico-legal purpose.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
Authors: Rupesh Kumar; Sandeep Singh Rana; Sanjay Kumar; Deepanwita Das; Monalisa Datta
Journal: J Clin Diagn Res (Journal of Clinical Diagnostic Research) Volume 11 Issue 3
Publisher: JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Mortality effects of timing alternatives for hip fracture surgery | Mortality effects of timing alternatives for hip fracture surgery
Mortality effects of timing alternatives for hip fracture surgery
Overview:
The appropriate timing of hip fracture surgery remains a matter of debate. It was sought to estimate the effect of changes in timing policy and the proportion of deaths attributable to surgical delay.
We estimated the expected population-average risks of inpatient death within 30 days if patients were surgically treated on day of admission, inpatient day 2, day 3 or after day 3. We weighted observations with the inverse propensity score of surgical timing according to confounders selected from a causal diagram.
Surgery on admission day or the following day was estimated to reduce postoperative mortality among medically stable patients with hip fracture. Hospitals should expedite operating room access for patients whose surgery has already been delayed for nonmedical reasons.
Acknowledgement
Authors:
Boris Sobolev PhD, Pierre Guy MD, Katie Jane Sheehan PhD, Lisa Kuramoto MSc, Jason M. Sutherland PhD, Adrian R. Levy PhD, James A. Blair MD, Eric Bohm MD, Jason D. Kim MPH, Edward J. Harvey MD, Suzanne N. Morin MD, Lauren Beaupre PhD, Michael Dunbar MD, Susan Jaglal PhD, James Waddell MD; for the Canadian Collaborative Study of Hip Fractures
Journal:
CMAJ Group Volume 190 Issue 31
Publisher:
National Centre for Biotechnology Information
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Nutritional psychiatry: Towards improving mental health by what you eat | Nutritional psychiatry: Towards improving mental health by what you eat
Nutritional psychiatry: Towards improving mental health by what you eat
Overview Accumulating data suggests that this may indeed be the case and that diet and nutrition are not only critical for human physiology and body composition, but also have significant effects on mood and mental wellbeing. While the determining factors of mental health are complex, increasing evidence indicates a strong association between a poor diet and the exacerbation of mood disorders, including anxiety and depression, as well as other neuropsychiatric conditions. There are common beliefs about the health effects of certain foods that are not supported by solid evidence and the scientific evidence demonstrating the unequivocal link between nutrition and mental health is only beginning to emerge. Current epidemiological data on nutrition and mental health do not provide information about causality or underlying mechanisms. Future studies should focus on elucidating mechanism. Provided is an overview of the emerging field of nutritional psychiatry, exploring the scientific evidence exemplifying the importance of a well-balanced diet for mental health. It was concluded that an experimental medicine approach and a mechanistic understanding is required to provide solid evidence on which future policies on diet and nutrition for mental health can be based.
Authors Roger A.H.Adan, Eline M.van der Beek, Jan K.Buitelaar,
Journal
European Neuropsychopharmacology
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Offspring sex impacts DNA methylation and gene expression in placentae from women with diabetes during pregnancy | Offspring sex impacts DNA methylation and gene expression in placentae from women with diabetes during pregnancy
Offspring sex impacts DNA methylation and gene expression in placentae from women with diabetes during pregnancy
Overview
We hypothesized that diabetes during pregnancy (DDP) alters genome-wide DNA methylation in placenta resulting in differentially methylated loci of metabolically relevant genes and downstream changes in RNA and protein expression.
We mapped genome-wide DNA methylation with the Infinium 450K Human Methylation Bead Chip in term fetal placentae from Native American and Hispanic women with DDP using a nested case-control design. Placentae from female offspring were 40% more likely to have significant gains in DNA methylation compared with placentae from male offspring exposed to DDP (p<0.001). Changes in DNA methylation corresponded to changes in RNA and protein levels for 6 genes: PIWIL3, CYBA, GSTM1, GSTM5, KCNE1 and NXN. Differential DNA methylation was detected at loci related to mitochondrial function, DNA repair, inflammation, oxidative stress.
In conclusion, we explain mechanisms responsible for the increased risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes in offspring of mothers with DDP
Acknowledgement
Author Jacqueline Alexander, April M. Teague, Jing Chen, Christopher E. Aston, Yuet-Kin Leung, Steven Chernausek, Rebecca A. Simmons and Sara E. Pinney
Journal
PLoS One Volume 13 Issue 2
Publisher
Crossmark
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Phytochemicals in Helicobacter pylori Infections: What Are We Doing Now? | Phytochemicals in Helicobacter pylori Infections: What Are We Doing Now?
Phytochemicals in Helicobacter pylori Infections: What Are We Doing Now?
Overview
In this critical review, plant sources used as effective antibacterial agents against Helicobacter pylori infections are carefully described. The main intrinsic bioactive molecules, responsible for the observed effects are also underlined and their corresponding modes of action specifically highlighted. In addition to traditional uses as herbal remedies, in vitro and in vivo studies focusing on plant extracts and isolated bioactive compounds with anti-H. pylori activity are also critically discussed. Lastly, special attention was also given to plant extracts with urease inhibitory effects, with emphasis on involved modes of action.
Among the various opportunistic infections, those caused by Helicobacter pylori, a human opportunistic pathogen, is attracting much attention [29]. In fact, it is widely recognized that this bacterium plays an important role in the etiology of peptic and gastric ulcers and even gastric cancers and gastric lymphomas [29]. About half of the worldwide population is colonized by this bacterium, but there are only about 20% who manifest clinical symptoms, which has been linked to the ability of some H. pylori strains to both adapt to host’s immunological responses and to support an ever-changing gastric environment [29]. Relatedly, increasing rates of antibiotic-resistant H. pylori strains have been found, and therefore, the search for new eradication strategies and effective antibiotic therapies has become an issue of crucial importance [30]. Hence, research effort is focused on exploring plants as sources of anti-H. pylori agents.
Acknowledgement
Author Bahare Salehi 1,2, Farukh Sharopov 3, Miquel Martorell 4, Jovana Rajkovic 5, Adedayo Oluwaseun Ademiluyi 6, Mehdi Sharifi-Rad 7, Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou 8 Natália Martins 9,10, Marcello Iriti 11, and Javad Sharifi-Rad 12,13
Journal
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Volume 19 Issue 8
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Quantification of Free-Living Community Mobility in Healthy Older Adults Using Wearable Sensors | Quantification of Free-Living Community Mobility in Healthy Older Adults Using Wearable Sensors
Quantification of Free-Living Community Mobility in Healthy Older Adults Using Wearable Sensors
Overview
Understanding determinants of community mobility disability is critical for developing interventions aimed at preventing or delaying disability in older adults. To understand these determinants, capturing and measuring community mobility has become a key factor. The objectives of this paper are to present and illustrate the signal processing workflow and outcomes that can be extracted from an activity and community mobility measurement approach based on GPS and accelerometer sensor data and 2) to explore the construct validity of the proposed measurement approach using data collected from healthy older adults in free-living conditions.
Wearability and usability of the devices used to capture free-living community mobility impact participant compliance and the quality of the data. The construct validity of the proposed approach appears promising but requires further studies directed at populations with mobility impairments.
Acknowledgement
Author Patrick Boissy, Margaux Blamoutier, Simon Brière and Christian Duval Journal Frontiers in Public Health Volume 6 Article 216
| 3 | | R395.00 | |
| | Simultaneous Detection of Key Bacterial Pathogens Related to Pneumonia and Meningitis Using Multiplex PCR Coupled With Mass Spectrometry | Simultaneous Detection of Key Bacterial Pathogens Related to Pneumonia and Meningitis Using Multiplex PCR Coupled With Mass Spectrometry
Simultaneous Detection of Key Bacterial Pathogens Related to Pneumonia and Meningitis Using Multiplex PCR Coupled With Mass Spectrometry
Overview
Pneumonia and meningitis continue to present an enormous public health burden and pose a major threat to young children. Among the causative organisms of pneumonia and meningitis, bacteria are the most common causes of serious disease and deaths. It is challenging to accurately and rapidly identify these agents.
Using the BP-MS method, we could accurately identify the expected bacteria without cross-reactivity with other pathogens. For the 11 target bacterial pathogens, the analytical sensitivity of the BP-MS method was as low as 10 copies/reaction. To further evaluate the clinical effectiveness of this method, 204 nasopharyngeal swabs from hospitalized children with suspected pneumonia were tested using this method.
We used real-time PCR and nested PCR to confirm positive results, with identical results obtained for 81.4% (136/167) of the samples. The BP-MS method is a sensitive and specific molecular detection technique in a multiplex format and with high sample throughput. Therefore, it will be a powerful tool for pathogen screening and antibiotic selection at an early stage of disease.
Acknowledgements
Authors Chi Zhang, Leshan Xiu, Yan Xiao, Zhengde Xie, Lili Ren and Junping Peng
Journal Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Volume 8
Publisher Cross Mark
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | The EQ-5D-5L is a valid approach to measure health related quality of life in patients undergoing bariatric surgery | The EQ-5D-5L is a valid approach to measure health related quality of life in patients undergoing bariatric surgery
The EQ-5D-5L is a valid approach to measure health related quality of life in patients undergoing bariatric surgery
Overview
Bariatric surgery is considered an effective treatment for individuals with severe and complex obesity. Besides reducing weight and improving obesity related comorbidities such as diabetes, bariatric surgery could improve patients' health-related quality of life. However, the frequently used instrument to measure quality of life, the EQ-5D has not been validated for use in bariatric surgery, which is a major limitation to its use in this clinical context. Our study undertook a psychometric validation of the 5 level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) using clinical trial data to measure health-related quality of life in patients with severe and complex obesity undergoing bariatric surgery.
The most common types of bariatric surgery are laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, adjustable gastric band surgery and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, with each having its respective benefits and risks. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass restricts the volume of food eaten by creating a small thumb-sized pouch from the upper stomach and a bypass of the remaining stomach. Bypass alters physiology and anatomy in such a way as to achieve early and generally rapid weight loss but carries risks of serious early morbidity [4, 5]. Longer-term complications include the need for re-operation because of the development of internal hernias or intestinal obstruction and nutritional deficiencies
Acknowledgement
Authors Jilles M. Fermont1, Jane M. Blazeby, Chris A. Rogers, Sarah Wordsworth, on behalf of the By-Band-Sleeve Study Management Group
Journal PLoS One
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Using Registered Dental Hygienists to Promote a School-Based Approach to Dental Public Health | Using Registered Dental Hygienists to Promote a School-Based Approach to Dental Public Health
Using Registered Dental Hygienists to Promote a School-Based Approach to Dental Public Health
Overview
We examine a strategy for improving oral health in the United States by focusing on low income children in school-based settings. Vulnerable children often experience cultural, social, economic, structural, and geographic barriers when trying to access dental services in traditional dental office settings. These disparities have been discussed for more than a decade in multiple US Department of Health and Human Services publications. One solution is to revise dental practice acts to allow registered dental hygienists increased scope of services, expanded public health delivery opportunities, and decreased dentist supervision.
We provide examples of how federally qualified health centres have implemented successful school-based dental models within the parameters of two state policies that allow registered dental hygienists varying levels of dentist supervision. Changes to dental practice acts at the state level allowing registered dental hygienists to practice with limited supervision in community settings, such as schools, may provide vulnerable populations greater access to screening and preventive services. We derive our recommendations from expert opinion.
Acknowledgement
Author Melanie Simmer-Beck, Anthony Wellever and Patricia Kelly
Journal American Journal of Public Health Perspectives
Publisher Springer
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | A pilot study: Considering spirituality in an inclusive model of practice in clinical audiology | A pilot study: Considering spirituality in an inclusive model of practice in clinical audiology
A pilot study: Considering spirituality in an inclusive model of practice in clinical audiology
Overview
This article explored the experiences of a participant who reported supernatural healing of his sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). An exploratory, qualitative narrative inquiry was used to obtain data from a single pilot case study of a 27-year-old man who reported healing of his permanent profound hearing loss. Four themes were identified within the narrative obtained: prayer and faith, deaf culture, identity and purpose. The participant stated that he believed that he was partially healed to fulfil his purpose in life. The partial healing allowed him to belong to the deaf community and the hearing world simultaneously.
South Africans live in a diverse society where most people accept spirituality as part of their search for meaning in life. Health care for individuals should therefore consider the person as a holistic being more than a medical entity. The exploration of narratives of individuals who report supernatural healing of a SNHL will assist health care practitioners and audiologists in managing individuals in an inclusive manner. This pilot study thus has implications for policy and practice in health care contexts.
Acknowledgement
Authors Dhanashree Pillay and Sharon Moonsamy Journal South African Journal of Communication Disorders Publisher Cross Mark
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Cancer and Heart Failure: Understanding the Intersection. | Cancer and Heart Failure: Understanding the Intersection.
Cancer and Heart Failure: Understanding the Intersection.
Overview
Cancer and cardiovascular disease account for nearly half of all deaths in the US. The majority of cancer therapies are known to cause potential cardiac toxicity in some form. Patients with underlying cardiac disease are at a particularly increased risk for worse outcomes following cancer therapy.
Cardiac risk factors include but are not limited to age, female gender, history of myocardial infarction or LVD and tachycardia, as this may be an early sign of cardiac damage.44 Cardiac biomarkers may provide an additive role in this setting. For patients considered to be at higher risk for the development of cardiotoxicity, a cardio-oncology consultation should be offered.
Whether patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease require cancer therapy with potentially cardiotoxic agents or previously healthy patients develop cardiac complications from cancer therapy, a collaborative patient-centred approach between the cardiologist and oncologist is essential to successful patient care.
Most alarming is the potential for heart failure as a result of cancer treatment, which may lead to early disruption or withdrawal of life-saving cancer therapies and can potentially increase cardiovascular mortality. A multi-disciplinary cardio-oncology approach can improve outcomes through early surveillance, prevention and treatment strategies. Acknowledgement
Author Carine E Hamo and Michelle W Bloo Journal Cardiac Failure Review
Publisher Radcliffe Cardiology 2017
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Reading in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Literature Review | Reading in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Literature Review
Reading in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Literature Review
Overview
The broad ASD diagnosis used in the last decades and the resulting changes in the prevalence of these disorders have led to a relevant increase in the number of children diagnosed with ASD in the school system. The purpose of this review is to identify the different profiles of reading abilities shown by children with ASD. A review of the literature was conducted in the Web of Sciences and PubMed databases with the keywords 'autism' AND 'read*' and the filter 2010-2015. All articles published in the last 5 years focusing on description of and intervention for reading abilities in individuals with ASD were included. Review articles were excluded. The selected 58 articles were divided into those that described reading abilities in individuals with ASD (n = 27) and those that reported intervention procedures for reading development (n = 31). Direct comparisons and associations were prevented due to different inclusion criteria and lack of detailed information about intervention processes. We propose tentative conclusions to be confirmed by further studies. Acknowledgement:
Authors: Fernandes FD, de La Higuera Amato CA, Cardoso C, Navas AL, Molini-Avejonas DR Journal: Folia phoniatrica et logopaedica Publisher: Karger AG, Basel
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Community perspectives on HIV, violence and health surveillance in rural South Africa: a participatory pilot study | Community perspectives on HIV, violence and health surveillance in rural South Africa: a participatory pilot study
Community perspectives on HIV, violence and health surveillance in rural South Africa: a participatory pilot study
Overview
South Africa faces a complex burden of disease consisting of infectious and non–communicable conditions, injury and interpersonal violence, and maternal and child mortality. Inequalities in income and opportunity push disease burdens towards vulnerable populations, a situation to which the health system struggles to respond. There is an urgent need for health planning to account for the needs of marginalized groups in this context. Objectives were to develop a process to elicit the perspectives of local communities in the established Agincourt health and socio-demographic surveillance site (HDSS) in rural north–east South Africa on two leading causes of death: HIV/AIDS and violent assault, and on health surveillance as a means to generate information on health in the locality.
The groups identified a range of social and health systems issues including risky sexual health behaviors, entrenched traditional practices, alcohol and substance abuse, unstable relationships, and debt as causative. Participants also explained how compromised patient confidentiality in clinics, insensitive staff, and a biased judicial system were problematic for the treatment and reporting of both conditions. The discussions provided information not available from other sources on the social and health systems processes through which access to good quality health care is constrained in this setting.
Acknowledgement
Authors Nitya Hullur, Lucia D’Ambruoso, Kerstin Edin, Ryan G Wagner, Sizzy Ngobeni Kathleen Kahn, Stephen Tollman, Peter Byass
Journal Global Health Action Volume 6 Issue 1
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Commensal bacteria produce GPCR ligands that mimic human signalling molecules | Commensal bacteria produce GPCR ligands that mimic human signalling molecules
Commensal bacteria produce GPCR ligands that mimic human signalling molecules
Overview
Commensal bacteria are believed to play important roles in human health. The mechanisms by which they affect mammalian physiology are poorly understood; however, bacterial metabolites are likely to be key components of host interactions. Here, we use bioinformatics and synthetic biology to mine the human microbiota for N-acyl amides that interact with G-protein-coupled receptors. GPR119 is most highly expressed in the pancreas and duodenum, S1PR4 in the spleen and lymph node, G2A in the lymph node and appendix, PTGIR in the lung and appendix and PTGER4 in the bone marrow and small intestine.
Commensal GPR119 agonists regulate metabolic hormones and glucose homeostasis as efficiently as human ligands although future studies are needed to define their potential physiologic role in humans. This work suggests that chemical mimicry of eukaryotic signaling molecules may be common among commensal bacteria and that manipulation of microbiota genes encoding metabolites that elicit host cellular responses represents a new small molecule therapeutic modality.
Acknowledgement
Author Louis J. Cohen, Daria Esterhazy, Seong-Hwan Kim, Christophe Lemetre, Rhiannon R. Aguilar, Emma A. Gordon, Amanda J. Pickard, Justin R. Cross, Ana B. Emiliano, Sun M. Han1, John Chu, Xavier Vila-Farres, Jeremy Kaplitt, Aneta Rogoz, Paula Y. Calle, Craig Hunter, J. Kipchirchir Bitok, and Sean F. Brady
Journal Nature
Publisher Department of Health & Human Services – USA
| 3 | | R395.00 | |
| | A Rare Cause of Abdominal Pain in Childhood: Cardiac Angiosarcoma | A Rare Cause of Abdominal Pain in Childhood: Cardiac Angiosarcoma
A Rare Cause of Abdominal Pain in Childhood: Cardiac Angiosarcoma
Overview
Cardiac angiosarcomas are extremely rare in childhood, they are rapidly progressive tumours that often present themselves as diagnostic dilemmas, resulting in delayed diagnosis. Also, extracardiac manifestations, including abdominal pain, are extremely rare in patients with intracardiac tumours. We herein present the case of a 15-year-old girl who presented with abdominal pain. Echocardiography and thoracic computed tomography showed right atrial mass.
Primary cardiac angiosarcomas in all age groups mostly occur in the right atrium. The most common complaints presented are dyspnea and chest pain, usually related to a malignant cardiac effusion. The pericardium is frequently involved with a right sided angiosarcoma; cardiac tamponade and pericardial effusion are common complications. Our patient had a massive pericardial effusion and malignant cells were seen in cytologic examination.
The patient underwent surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Eight months after treatment, abdominal recurrence was detected. The abdominal mass was resected, and radiotherapy and new chemotherapy protocol were given. The present case illustrates a rare case of primary cardiac angiosarcoma posing a diagnostic dilemma in an adolescent girl. Acknowledgement
Authors Elvan Caglar Citak, MD, PhD; Murat Ozeren, MD; M. Kerem Karaca, MD; Derya Karpuz, MD; Feryal Karahan, MD; Eda , Bengi Yilmaz, MD; Yuksel Balci, MD; Pelin Ozcan Kara, MD; Rabia Bozdogan Arpaci, MD Journal Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Antitumor Mechanisms of Curcumae Rhizoma Based on Network Pharmacology | Antitumor Mechanisms of Curcumae Rhizoma Based on Network Pharmacology
Antitumor Mechanisms of Curcumae Rhizoma Based on Network Pharmacology
Overview
Curcumae Rhizoma, a traditional Chinese medication, is commonly used in both traditional treatment and modern clinical care. Its anticancer effects have attracted a great deal of attention, but the mechanisms of action remain obscure. In this study, we screened for the active compounds of Curcumae Rhizoma using a drug-likeness approach. Candidate protein targets with functions related to cancer were predicted by reverse docking and then checked by manual search of the PubMed database. Potential target genes were uploaded to the GeneMANIA server and DAVID 6.8 database for analysis. Finally, compound-target, target-pathway, and compound-target-pathway networks were constructed using Cytoscape 3.3.
The results revealed that the anticancer activity of Curcumae Rhizoma potentially involves 13 active compounds, 33 potential targets, and 31 signaling pathways, thus constituting a “multiple compounds, multiple targets, and multiple pathways” network corresponding to the concept of systematic actions in TCM. These findings provide an overview of the anticancer action of Curcumae Rhizoma from a network perspective, as well as setting an example for future studies of other materials used in TCM.
Acknowledgements Yan-Hua Bi, Li-hua Zhang, Shao-jun Chen , and Qing-zhi Ling
Journal Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Publisher Hindawi
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Efficacy of Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for the management of chronic pain in children and adolescents A systematic review and meta-analysis | Efficacy of Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for the management of chronic pain in children and adolescents A systematic review and meta-analysis
Efficacy of Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for the management of chronic pain in children and adolescents A systematic review and meta-analysis
Overview
Paediatric chronic pain is relatively common in the world. Although cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been shown to be efficacious in children and adolescents, it is generally recognized that availability and accessibility of CBT are limited. However, Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy (ICBT) performs better in these areas. This systematic review aims to evaluate the clinical effects of ICBT for chronic pain in youth when compared with the control treatments.
We searched electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials that compared ICBT with the control therapy for paediatric chronic pain. The primary outcomes were 95% confidence intervals and mean difference or standardized mean difference in change of pain intensity and activity limitations. Four trials met the inclusion criteria with a total of 404 participants of whom 208 received ICBT. Compared with pre-treatment, children reported significant, medium to large benefits on pain intensity, activity limitations, and parental protective behaviours after receiving ICBT immediately. ICBT for physical and psychological conditions in youth with chronic pain is a full potential therapy; it can be successful on clinically effects and socioeconomic benefits.
Acknowledgement
Author Wen-Xin Tang, Lu-Feng Zhang, Yan-Qiu Ai and Zhi-Song Li
Journal Medicine (Baltimore).
Publisher Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Role of viral and bacterial pathogens in causing pneumonia among Western Australian children | Role of viral and bacterial pathogens in causing pneumonia among Western Australian children
Role of viral and bacterial pathogens in causing pneumonia among Western Australian children
Overview
Pneumonia is the leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality globally. Introduction of the conjugate Haemophilus influenzae B and multivalent pneumococcal vaccines in developed countries including Australia has significantly reduced the overall burden of bacterial pneumonia.
Many respiratory pathogens that are known to cause pneumonia are also identified in asymptomatic children, so the true contribution of these pathogens to childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains unclear. We aim to determine the contribution of bacteria and viruses to childhood CAP to inform further development of effective diagnosis, treatment and preventive strategies.
Nasopharyngeal swabs are collected from both cases and controls to detect the presence of viruses and bacteria by PCR; pathogen load will be assessed by quantitative PCR. The prevalence of pathogens detected in cases and controls will be compared, the OR of detection and population attributable fraction to CAP for each pathogen will be determined; relationships between pathogen load and disease status and severity will be explored.
Acknowledgement
Authors Natalie Mejbah Uddin Bhuiyan, Thomas L Snelling, Rachel West, Jurissa Lang, Tasmina Rahman, Meredith L Borland, Ruth Thornton, Lea-Ann Kirkham, Chisha Sikazwe, Andrew C Martin, Peter C Richmond, David W Smith, Adam Jaffe, Christopher C Blyth.
Journal BMJ Open Publisher Cross Mark
| 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | Early Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Under 3 Years of Age: Recommendations for Practice and Research. | Early Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Under 3 Years of Age: Recommendations for Practice and Research.
Early Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Under 3 Years of Age: Recommendations for Practice and Research.
Overview
This article reviews current evidence for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) interventions for children aged <3 years, based on peer-reviewed articles published up to December 2013. Several groups have adapted treatments initially designed for older, preschool-aged children with ASD, integrating best practice in behavioural teaching methods into a developmental framework based on current scientific understanding of how infants and toddlers learn. The central role of parents has been emphasized and facilitating the generalization of skills beyond the familiar home setting. Our review identified several comprehensive and targeted treatment models with evidence of clear benefits. Although some trials were limited to 8- to 12-week outcome data, enhanced outcomes associated with some interventions were evaluated over periods as long as 2 years. Based on this review, recommendations are proposed for clinical practice and future research.
Acknowledgement:
Authors: Zwaigenbaum L, Bauman ML, Choueiri R, Kasari C, Carter A, Granpeesheh D, Mailloux Z, Smith Roley S, Wagner S, Fein D, Pierce K, Buie T, Davis PA, Newschaffer C, Robins D, Wetherby A, Stone WL, Yirmiya N, Estes A, Hansen RL, McPartland JC, Natowicz MR
Journal: Pediatrics. Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | QTc interval prolongation during favipiravir therapy in an Ebolavirus-infected patient | QTc interval prolongation during favipiravir therapy in an Ebolavirus-infected patient
QTc interval prolongation during favipiravir therapy in an Ebolavirus-infected patient
Overview
Life-threatening arrhythmia may be induced by corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation. Several antimicrobial drugs have been associated with QTc interval prolongation. Favipiravir is an inhibitor of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of many RNA viruses, including influenza viruses, arenaviruses, phleboviruses, hantaviruses, flaviviruses, enteroviruses, and noroviruses. Favipiravir has also been used in the recent epidemic of Ebolavirus (EBOV) in West Africa. To date, no significant effects of favipiravir on the QT/QTc interval have been detected. We report a case of QTc interval prolongation during favipiravir therapy in an EBOV-infected patient treated at our institution.
In conclusion, we suggest that favipiravir administered at high doses, together with the cofactors discussed above, may have contributed to inducing a QTc interval prolongation in our EBOV patient. If feasible, ECG monitoring could be advisable during high-dose favipiravir therapy, especially when patients experience electrolyte disturbances and concomitant use of drugs with QTc-prolonging potential. Encephalitis or central nervous system (CNS) pathology may have a role in prolonging QT interval. Acknowledgement
Authors Pierangelo Chinello, Nicola Petrosillo, Silvia Pittalis, Gianluigi Biava, Giuseppe Ippolito, Emanuele Nicastri, on behalf of the INMI Ebola Team
Journal PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Publisher Cross Mark
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Ebolaviruses: New roles for old proteins | Ebolaviruses: New roles for old proteins
Ebolaviruses: New roles for old proteins
Overview
In 2014, the world witnessed the largest Ebolavirus outbreak in recorded history. The subsequent humanitarian effort spurred extensive research, significantly enhancing our understanding of ebolavirus replication and pathogenicity. The main functions of each ebolavirus protein have been studied extensively since the discovery of the virus in 1976; however, the recent expansion of ebolavirus research has led to the discovery of new protein functions. The international containment effort spurred extensive research that is enhancing.
These newly discovered roles are revealing new mechanisms of virus replication and pathogenicity, whilst enhancing our understanding of the broad functions of each ebolavirus viral protein (VP). Many of these new functions appear to be unrelated to the protein's primary function during virus replication. Such new functions range from bystander T-lymphocyte death caused by VP40-secreted exosomes to new roles for VP24 in viral particle formation. This review highlights the newly discovered roles of ebolavirus proteins in order to provide a more encompassing view of ebolavirus replication and pathogenicity. This review highlights the newly discovered roles of ebolavirus proteins in order to provide a more encompassing view of ebolavirus replication and pathogenicity.
Acknowledgement Authors Diego Cantoni and Jeremy S. Rossman Journal PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Publisher Cross Mark
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Comparison of qPCR versus culture for the detection and quantification of Clostridium difficile environmental contamination | Comparison of qPCR versus culture for the detection and quantification of Clostridium difficile environmental contamination
Comparison of qPCR versus culture for the detection and quantification of Clostridium difficile environmental contamination
Overview
Contaminated surfaces serve as an important reservoir for Clostridium difficile transmission. Current strategies to detect environmental contamination of C. difficile rely heavily on culture, and often only indicate presence versus absence of spores. The goal of this study was to compare quantitative PCR (qPCR) to culture for the detection and quantification of C. Difficile from inert surfaces. First, we compared the limit of detection (LOD) of a 16S rRNA gene and toxin B gene qPCR assay for detection of C. difficile in solution. Second, we compared the LODs of 16S rRNA gene qPCR versus culture for detection of C. difficile from surfaces.
Solution experiments were performed by direct seeding of spores into neutralizing broth, whereas surface experiments involved seeding of spores onto plastic test surfaces, and recovery using sponge swabs. Both experiments were conducted using spores expressing short (NAP1) and long (NAP4) hair lengths. Future work attempting to measure the presence of C. difficile on environmental surfaces should consider using qPCR.
Acknowledgement
Author Laura K. MacDougall, George Broukhanski, Andrew Simor, Jennie Johnstone, Samira Mubareka, Allison McGeer, Nick Daneman, Gary Garber and Kevin A. Brown
Journal PLoS ONE Publisher Cross Mark
| 3 | | R480.00 | |
| | Oral health condition and occurrence of depression in the elderly | Oral health condition and occurrence of depression in the elderly
Oral health condition and occurrence of depression in the elderly
Overview
Depression is a common disorder among the elderly; however, it is not a standard element of the ageing process. Depression can affect oral health as a result of neglecting oral hygiene procedures, cariogenic nutrition, avoidance of necessary dental care which leads to an increased risk of dental caries and periodontal disease. Assessment of the relationship of oral health parameters with depression followed: 500 subjects aged =65 were involved in the study.
Dental condition (decay-missing-filled index [DMFT], number of missing teeth [MT], removable denture wearing, teeth mobility), periodontal condition (bleeding on probing [BoP], pocket depth [PD], loss of attachment), oral dryness (the Challacombe Scale) and depression according to the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale were assessed.
Depression on a minimal level was detected in 60.2% of the subjects, mild—in 22.2%, moderate—in 6.0% and moderately—in 2.6%. The results of our study have shown that among people aged 65 and over, the severity of depression increases with a higher number of MT, the number of decayed teeth, as well as prevalence of oral dryness.
Acknowledgement
Authors Katarzyna Skoskiewicz-Malinowska, Barbara Malicka, Marek Zieztek and Urszula Kaczmarek,
Journal Medicine (Baltimore)
Publisher Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
| 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | What proportion of dental care in care homes could be met by direct access to dental therapists or dental hygienists? | What proportion of dental care in care homes could be met by direct access to dental therapists or dental hygienists?
What proportion of dental care in care homes could be met by direct access to dental therapists or dental hygienists?
Overview
Many care home residents require simple dental treatment which is complicated by the need for extra time to deliver dental care. The proportion of their care which could be delivered wholly by hygienists or therapists is unknown. 2010 Welsh dental care home survey data on clinical opinion of treatment need and special care skill level required was cross referenced with General Dental Council guidance on direct access. A large proportion of need in care homes could be wholly provided by hygienists or therapists, especially those with special care experience. The potential efficiency gain of direct access arises from individuals who do not need to see a dentist for any aspects of their care. Direct access to hygienists/therapists for dental care of care home residents should be piloted and evaluated. Hygienists and therapists could make a large contribution to addressing dental treatment needs of care home residents and direct access could be an efficient model of care for this setting.
Acknowledgement
Author N. P. Monaghan and M. Z. Morgan
Journal British Dental Journal Publisher British Dental Association.
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Oral Health Status of Adult Heart Transplant Recipients in China | Oral Health Status of Adult Heart Transplant Recipients in China
Oral Health Status of Adult Heart Transplant Recipients in China
Overview
Limited information on the oral health status of adult heart transplant recipients (HTRs) is known. A prerequisite dental evaluation is usually recommended for patients’ post-organ transplantation because lifelong immune-suppression may predispose them to infection spread. The aim of this study was to investigate the oral health status of Chinese adult HTRs and determine the association between oral health status and history of heart transplantation (HT). We carried out a cross-sectional study to collect clinical, demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral data from 81 adult patients who received heart transplantation during 2014 to 2015 in China. Clinical examinations for the presence of dental plaque, dental calculus, dental caries, and periodontal health conditions were performed in a standardized manner by one trained examiner.
The prevalence of the above conditions was compared with 63 age and sex matched controls. General linear regression analysis was used to assess associations between mean number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) and mean community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) scores and history of heart transplant. Periodontal health status was positively associated with history of heart transplantation in Chinese adult HTRs.
Acknowledgement
Authors Ying Cao, Xi Chen, Yixin Jia, Yalin Lv and Zheng Sun
Journal Medicine (Baltimore) (2018 ) 97:38 (e12508)
Publisher Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Impact of malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life among schoolchildren | Impact of malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life among schoolchildren
Impact of malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life among schoolchildren
Overview
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and impact of malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among schoolchildren aged 8 to 10 years and their parents in Diamantina, a town in the southeast of Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 390 randomly selected children who were subjected to a clinical oral examination. The Dental Aesthetic Index was used to diagnose malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment.
Data analysis involved the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman’s correlation coefficients. The variables were grouped into a hierarchy of categories ranging from distal to proximal determinants. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was performed at each level to correlate the total CPQ (8–10) score with the independent variables. The prevalence of malocclusion was 78.7%. Crossbite remained significantly associated with a negative impact on OHRQoL. The prevalence of malocclusion was high in the sample investigated and exerted a negative impact on OHRQoL.
Acknowledgement
Author Soraia Pimenta de Araújo Guimarães, Uimarães, Kelly Oliva Jorge, Maria Jussara Fernandes Fontes, Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge, Cíntia Tereza Pimenta Araujo, Efigênia Ferreira, Camilo Aquino Melgaço and Patrícia Maria Zarzar.
Journal Braz. Oral Res. July 2018, 32: e95
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Evaluation of the efficacy of filling material removal and re-filling after different retreatment procedures | Evaluation of the efficacy of filling material removal and re-filling after different retreatment procedures
Evaluation of the efficacy of filling material removal and re-filling after different retreatment procedures
Overview
This study analyzed the influence of different retreatment protocols on amount of remaining filling material and amount of new sealer after endodontic retreatment. Forty mandibular molars with curved mesial roots were prepared with ProTaper Universal system and filled with AH Plus sealer mixed with 0.1% rhodamine B and gutta-percha. The current study demonstrated that the sealer was able to penetrate inside the dentinal tubules after retreatment, regardless of the residual filling, leading to an overlapping of the residual sealer with the new filling.
In evaluating the new filling, the perimeter analysis showed a lesser amount of new endodontic sealer in the PTR group. Moreover, the PTR+PUI group presented a significantly greater amount of new endodontic sealer in the canal area analysis. There was no difference among groups in the isthmus analysis (p > 0.05). It can be concluded that PTR associated to PUI yielded better results in removing root canal filling material from the canal area. However, none of the protocols resulted in root walls completely free of remnants.
Acknowledgement Author Roberta Fonseca de CASTRO, Juliana do Socorro Soares MELO, Luiz Carlos de Lima DIAS JUNIOR, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal SILVA and Juliana Melo da Silva BRANDÃO
Journal Braz. Oral Res. 2018: 32e94
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Dental and Dental Hygiene Intra-Professional Education: A Pilot Program and Assessment of Students' and Patients' Satisfaction | Dental and Dental Hygiene Intra-Professional Education: A Pilot Program and Assessment of Students' and Patients' Satisfaction
Dental and Dental Hygiene Intra-Professional Education: A Pilot Program and Assessment of Students' and Patients' Satisfaction
Overview
The aims of this study were to assess the effectiveness of a clinical intraprofessional education program for dental and dental hygiene students, based on students’ expectations and satisfaction with the program and patients’ satisfaction with the team-based care. The pilot program was developed at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Dentistry, where dental hygiene students were paired randomly with dental students scheduled for prophylaxis, scaling and root planning, or periodontal maintenance.
These results suggest that this intraprofessional practice model provided an effective educational experience for both dental and dental hygiene students and patients. The differences between the dental hygiene and dental students’ expectations will help in the design of more effective training that promotes intraprofessional and interprofessional teamwork. Inter- and intraprofessional programs in health professions education should be designed to promote a team mindset in these future health care professionals, provide them with a clearer understanding of individual roles and responsibilities, and encourage mutual respect and collaboration—all leading to safer and more efficient patient care.
Acknowledgement
Author Vickie E. Jones, Anastasios Karydis and Timothy L. Hottel
Journal of Dental Education
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | The Effects of Psychostimulants on Oral Health and Saliva in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | The Effects of Psychostimulants on Oral Health and Saliva in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
The Effects of Psychostimulants on Oral Health and Saliva in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Overview
This study investigated the dental health problems and saliva characteristics of children under psychostimulant therapy for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The most frequently reported side effects of psychostimulants were decreased appetite, dry mouth, and increased fluid consumption. The prevalence of bruxism and dental erosion was higher in Groups 1 and 2 than in Group 3, but the differences were not significant. In Group 2, subjective dry mouth feel was reported by 32.5% of patients and 17.5% a very low SSFR.
ADHD and psychostimulant therapy do not appear to be significantly related to decreasing SSFR or protective saliva components against dental caries. However, a systematic investigation of the long-term safety of psychostimulants is needed. Bruxism and dental erosion prevalence were higher in the ADHD groups, the most effective method of maintaining dental health of children with ADHD is frequent appointments focusing on oral hygiene practices accompanied by dietary analyses. This study found that methylphenidate use had no significant effect on salivary pH, stimulated flow rate, buffering capacity, or biochemical content of the saliva.
Acknowledgement
Authors CÇ Ertugrul, Z Kirzioglu, E Aktepe and HB Savas
Journal Niger J Clin Pract
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Effect of phosphoric acid concentration used for etching on the microtensile bond strength to fluorotic teeth | Effect of phosphoric acid concentration used for etching on the microtensile bond strength to fluorotic teeth
Effect of phosphoric acid concentration used for etching on the microtensile bond strength to fluorotic teeth
Effect of phosphoric acid concentration used for etching on the microtensile bond strength to fluorotic teeth
Overview
To evaluate the effects of different etching concentrations of phosphoric acid on the microtensile bond strength of Adper Single Bond 2 to fluorotic teeth. De-identified extracted teeth were collected, including 30 sound teeth, 30 teeth with mild fluorosis, 30 teeth with moderate fluorosis, and 30 teeth with severe fluorosis. Microtensile testing was used to determine the bond strength. After the microtensile test, the fractured specimens were examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both dental fluorosis and concentrations of phosphoric acid significantly affected the microshear bond strength of Adper Single Bond 2 to dental enamel.
The maximum bond strength was achieved by using 40% phosphoric acid. Failure analysis showed that most failures occurred at the bonding interface. The rates of failures at the bonding interface decreased as the degree of fluorosis increased and as the concentration of phosphoric acid increased from 35% to 45%. The bond strength of fluorosis tooth was lower than that of healthy tooth, the bond strength increased with the increasing concentration of phosphoric acid, but an excessively high acid concentration can conversely lead to an apparent decline in bond strength.
Acknowledgement Author Mengqin Gu, Linhu Lv, Xiaoping He, Wangyang Li and Ling Guo,
Journal Medicine 2018 Volume 97 No 35 URL: https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/fulltext/2018/08310/Effect_of_phosphoric_acid_concentration_used_for.62.aspx
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Trends in Pediatric Complicated Pneumonia in an Ontario Local Health Integration Network | Trends in Pediatric Complicated Pneumonia in an Ontario Local Health Integration Network
Trends in Pediatric Complicated Pneumonia in an Ontario Local Health Integration Network
Trends in Pediatric Complicated Pneumonia in an Ontario Local Health Integration Network
Overview
Following the introduction of 7-valent pneumo-coccal vaccine (PCV7), while overall rates of invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumo-coccal pneumonia in children declined, rates of empyema increased. We examined changes in the incidence of hospitalization for pediatric complicated pneumonia (PCOMP) in Eastern Ontario, Canada, particularly since the introduction of the 13-valent vaccine (PCV13). A retrospective chart review was carried out evaluating previously healthy children admitted with PCOMP, which included empyema, para-pneumonic effusion, necrotizing pneumonia, and lung abscess between 2002 and 2015.
The number of admissions per year rose most sharply between 2009 and 2012, corresponding to the period following introduction of PCV7 and then the occurrence of pandemic influenza A (H1N1). In children who likely received PCV13, the incidence of PCOMP returned to approximately pre-PCV7 levels. In contrast, rates of PCOMP in older children (who would not have received PCV13) remained elevated during the post-PCV13 time period. While rates of PCOMP, particularly in older children, remain elevated following the introduction of PCV13, this might be expected to resolve with more widespread vaccine coverage with PCV13 and herd immunity.
Acknowledgement Author
Tahereh Haji , Adam Byrne and Tom KovesiD Journal
Children (Basel)
Publisher Basel, Switzerland 2018
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5867495/pdf/children-05-00036.pdf
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Cross-tissue integration of genetic and epigenetic data | Cross-tissue integration of genetic and epigenetic data
Cross-tissue integration of genetic and epigenetic data
Cross-tissue integration of genetic and epigenetic data
Overview
Integration of emerging epigenetic information with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) genetic results may elucidate functional insights not possible via either type of information in isolation. Here we use the genotype and DNA methylation (DNAm) data from cord blood and peripheral blood to identify SNPs associated with DNA methylation (meQTL lists). Additionally, we use publicly available fetal brain and lung meQTL lists to assess enrichment of ASD GWAS results for tissue-specific meQTLs. ASD-associated SNPs are enriched for fetal brain and peripheral blood meQTLs .
This study integrating ASD GWAS results and meQTL maps provides insights about ASD etiology using data within and across tissue types. The CpG targets of ASD meQTLs across cord, blood, and brain tissues are enriched for immunerelated pathways, consistent with other expression and DNAm results in ASD, and reveal pathways not implicated by genetic findings. This joint analysis of genotype and DNAm demonstrates the potential of both brain and blood based DNAm for insights into ASD and psychiatric phenotypes more broadly.
Acknowledgement
Author Shan V. Andrews, Shannon E. Ellis, Kelly M. Bakulski , Brooke Sheppard, Lisa A. Croen , Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Craig J. Newschaffer, Andrew P. Feinberg, Dan E. Arking, Christine Ladd-Acosta & M. Daniele Fallin.
Journal Nature Communications URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5654961/pdf/41467_2017_Article_868.pdf
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | A Competency Matrix for Global Oral Health | A Competency Matrix for Global Oral Health
A Competency Matrix for Global Oral Health
A Competency Matrix for Global Oral Health
Overview
To complement the Lancet report, this article makes recommendations for including core global health competencies in the education of health care professionals and specific groups of the public who are relevant to oral health in a global context in order to tackle the burden of oral diseases. Experts from various professional backgrounds developed global oral health competencies for four target groups. In this context, we recognize the critical importance of interprofessional collaboration in global health efforts,
Key competencies for members of each of the four target groups are presented in a matrix. The suggested competency matrix shows that many other health professions and groups in society have potentially crucial roles in the prevention, control, and management of oral diseases globally. Workforce models including a wider range of professionals working together as a team will be needed to tackle the burden of oral diseases in an integrated way in the broader context of non-communicable diseases. Further discussion and research should be conducted to validate or improve the competencies proposed here with regard to their relevance, appropriateness, and completeness.
Acknowledgement
Author
Habib Benzian, John S. Greenspan, Jane Barrow, Jeffrey W. Hutter, Peter M. Loomer, Nicole Stauf and Dorothy A. Perry
Journal Global Dental Education Volume 79 No 4 April 2015 URL: http://www.jdentaled.org/content/jde/79/4/353.full.pdf
| 3 | | R463.00 | |
| | Esthetic Outcomes after Immediate and Late Implant Loading for a Single Missing Tooth in the Anterior Maxilla | Esthetic Outcomes after Immediate and Late Implant Loading for a Single Missing Tooth in the Anterior Maxilla
Esthetic Outcomes after Immediate and Late Implant Loading for a Single Missing Tooth in the Anterior Maxilla
Esthetic Outcomes after Immediate and Late Implant Loading for a Single Missing Tooth in the Anterior Maxilla
Overview
This study compared the esthetic outcomes of 1-year follow-up of immediate and late implant loading after implant restoration of a single tooth in the anterior maxilla. A total of 33 patients with missing teeth in the anterior maxilla were enrolled in this study (18 immediate loading and 15 late loading). At after cementation, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months photographs were taken of anterior maxilla. The photographs were assessed using pink esthetic score (PES) which consists of seven variables. All PES data were analyzed with independent sample t-tests and repeated measures ANOVAs.
PES values increased significantly in both groups at the 1-year follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference between the immediate and late loading groups at any time point. Considering only the survival rate is not sufficient to assess the success of the anterior implants. Osseo-integration of an implant does not always result in esthetic success. Within the limitation of this study, immediate loading did not have a negative effect on esthetics.
Acknowledgement Author P Yildiz, M Zortuk, E Kiliç, M Dincel andH Albayrak Journal NJCP November 2018 IP 105.0.6.10 Publisher Wolters Kluwer - Medknow URL: http://www.njcponline.com/temp/NigerJClinPract2191164-5536579_152245.pdf
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Assessing malpractice lawsuits for death or injuries due to amniotic fluid embolism | Assessing malpractice lawsuits for death or injuries due to amniotic fluid embolism
Assessing malpractice lawsuits for death or injuries due to amniotic fluid embolism
Assessing malpractice lawsuits for death or injuries due to amniotic fluid embolism
Overview
Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a pregnancy complication known to be extremely hard to diagnose, since it manifests itself abruptly and with no warning signs, presenting an incidence rate of about 1 in 40000 deliveries, and maternal morbidity and mortality ranging from 20% to 60%. Despite medical research having been conducted on such a syndrome, diagnostic procedures and treatment methods have not yet been clarified enough.
Specific biochemical markers have been produced in research laboratories, but their clinical value results to be limited, given how rapid the pathological process moves forward. At the time being, no diagnosis is feasible which may effectively prevent the disease from occurring. Certainly, a multi-disciplinary approach might contribute to saving the lives of mother and infant, as well as ensuring better life standards.
It becomes essential to further scientific knowledge of the causes of maternal death. In such a way, it will be possible to improve the quality standards of care and avert many pregnancy-related deaths. It is well-known how age of the mother also plays a role in determining the likelihood of developing AFE.
Acknowledgements
Authors S. Zaami , E. Marinelli and G. Montanari Vergallo
Journal Clin Ter 2017 Volume 168 Issue 3
| 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | A new approach for analysis of facial growth and age estimation: Iris ratio | A new approach for analysis of facial growth and age estimation: Iris ratio
A new approach for analysis of facial growth and age estimation: Iris ratio
A new approach for analysis of facial growth and age estimation: Iris ratio
Overview
The study of facial growth is explored in many fields of science, including anatomy, genetics, and forensics. In the field of forensics, it acts as a valuable tool for combating child pornography. The present research proposes a new method, based on relative measurements and fixed references of the human face - specifically considering measurements of the diameter of the iris (iris ratio)- for the analysis of facial growth in association with age in children and sub-adults.
The outcomes indicated that facial structures grow with different timing in children and adolescents. The diameter of the iris was found to be the most stable measurement compared to the others and represented the best cephalometric measurement as a fixed reference for facial growth ratios (or indices). The method described shows promising potential for forensic applications, especially as part of the armamentarium against crimes involving child pornography and child abuse.
Acknowledgement
Authors
Carlos Eduardo Palhares Machado, Marta Regina Pinheiro Flores, Laise Nascimento Correia Lima, Rachel Lima Ribeiro Tinoco, Ademir Franco, Ana Cristina Barreto Bezerra, Martin Paul Evison and Marco Aure lio Guimarães.
Journal PLoS One Volume 12 Issue 7
Publisher Cross Mark
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5501545/pdf/pone.0180330.pdf
| 3 | | R453.00 | |
| | Distraction techniques for face and smile aesthetic preventing ageing decay | Distraction techniques for face and smile aesthetic preventing ageing decay
Distraction techniques for face and smile aesthetic preventing ageing decay
Distraction techniques for face and smile aesthetic preventing ageing decay
Overview
Modern concepts in the world of beauty arise from popular models, beautiful faces of actors document a bi-protrusive asset with high tension for soft tissues. Facial symmetry has been proposed as a marker of development and stability that may be important in human mate choice. For various traits any deviation from perfect symmetry can be considered a reflection of imperfect development. Additionally, bi-protrusive profile is dependent on the hormonal level regardless of male or female sex. The goal of maxillofacial surgery is to provide best results both for aesthetic and functional aspects.
Following these new concepts of aesthetic of the face, new surgical procedure by osteo-distraction techniques will lead to a very natural result by harmonizing the face also preventing aesthetic decay in aging faces. Ten cases with a feedback on the aesthetic results using the five-point scale of Likert after orthognatic surgery performed following distraction new techniques in combination with ancillary surgical procedures. All the patients accepted the new aesthetic of the face avoiding elements of discrepancy and consequently medico-legal problems.
Acknowledgements
Authors Antonio Cortese, Roberto Barbaro, Donato Troisi, Giuseppe D‘Alessio, Maurizio Amato, Roberto Lo Giudice and Pier Paolo Claudio
Journal Open Med (Wars). 2016 Nov 19;11(1) Volume 11 Issue 1
Publisher De Gruyter Open
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5329864/pdf/med-2016-0077.pdf
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | More than kin, less than kind: one family and the many faces of diabetes in youth | More than kin, less than kind: one family and the many faces of diabetes in youth
More than kin, less than kind: one family and the many faces of diabetes in youth
More than kin, less than kind: one family and the many faces of diabetes in youth
Overview
Identification of the correct etiology of diabetes brings important implications for clinical management. In this report, we describe a case of a 4-year old asymptomatic girl with diabetes since age 2, along with several individuals in her family with different etiologies for hyperglycemia identified in youth. Genetic analyses were made by Sanger sequencing, laboratory measurements included HbA1c, lipid profile, fasting C-peptide, pancreatic auto-antibodies. We found a Gly178Ala substitution in exon 5 of GCK gene in three individuals co-segregating with diabetes, and type 1 diabetes was identified in two other individuals based on clinical and laboratory data. One individual with previous gestational diabetes and other with pre-diabetes were also described.
We discuss difficulties in defining etiology of hyperglycemia in youth in clinical practice, especially monogenic forms of diabetes, in spite of the availability of several genetic, laboratory, and clinical tools. In conclusion, the accurate molecular and clinical diagnosis has significant impact on clinical management of a multifaceted disease such as diabetes, especially when running on the same family.
Acknowledgement
Authors Luciana F. Franco, Renata Peixoto-Barbosa, Renata P. Dotto, José Gilberto H. Vieira, Magnus R. Dias-da-Silva, Luiz Carlos F. Reis, Fernando M. A. Giuffrida, and Andre F. Reis
Journal Arch Endocrinol Metab.
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Combined Prenatal Pesticide Exposure and Folic Acid Intake | Combined Prenatal Pesticide Exposure and Folic Acid Intake
Combined Prenatal Pesticide Exposure and Folic Acid Intake
Combined Prenatal Pesticide Exposure and Folic Acid Intake
Overview
Maternal folic acid (FA) protects against developmental toxicity from certain environmental chemicals. We examined combined exposures to maternal FA and pesticides in relation to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Participants were California children born from 2000–2007 who were enrolled in the Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and the Environment (CHARGE) case–control study at age 2–5 y, were clinically confirmed to have ASD or typical development , and had information on maternal supplemental FA and pesticide exposures.
High FA intake (=800 lg) during the first pregnancy month and no known pesticide exposure was the reference group for all analyses. Compared with this group, ASD was increased in association with <800 lg FA and any indoor pesticide exposure In this study population, associations between pesticide exposures and ASD were attenuated among those with high versus low FA intake during the first month of pregnancy. Confirmatory and mechanistic studies are needed.
Acknowledgement
Author Rebecca J. Schmidt, Vladimir Kogan, Janie F. Shelton, Lora Delwiche, Robin L. Hansen, Sally Ozonoff, Claudia C. Ma, Erin C. McCanlies, Deborah H. Bennett, Irva Hertz-Picciotto,
Journal Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 125 Issue 9
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5915192/pdf/EHP604.pdf
Disciplines: Gynaecology, Pharmacology, Environmental Health, Homeopathy Secondary Practitioners: Medical Practitioners
| 3 | | R480.00 | |
| | Postural Tremor and Ataxia Progression in Spino-cerebellar Ataxias | Postural Tremor and Ataxia Progression in Spino-cerebellar Ataxias
Postural Tremor and Ataxia Progression in Spino-cerebellar Ataxias
Postural Tremor and Ataxia Progression in Spino-cerebellar Ataxias
Overview
Postural tremor can sometimes occur in spino-cerebellar ataxias (SCAs). However, the prevalence and clinical characteristics of postural tremor in SCAs are poorly understood, and whether SCA patients with postural tremor have different ataxia progression is not known. Postural tremor could be a clinical feature of SCAs, and the presence of postural tremor could be associated with different rates of ataxia progression. Genetic interactions between ataxia genes might influence the brain circuitry and thus affect the clinical presentation of postural tremor.
In conclusion, our study indicates that postural tremor could be present in the four most common SCAs and that SCA patients with postural tremor might have a different rate of ataxia progression. Genetic interactions between ataxia genes might influence the brain circuitry involved and thus affect the clinical presentation of postural tremor.
Acknowledgement
Author
Shi-Rui Gan, Jie Wang, Karla P. Figuero, Stefan M. Pulst, Darya Tomishon, Danielle Lee, Susan Perlman, George Wilmot, Christopher M. Gomez, Jeremy Schmahmann, Henry Paaulson, Vikram G. Shakkottai, Sarah H. Ying, Theresa Zesiewicz, Khalaf Bushara, Michael D. Geschwind, Guangbin Xia, S. H. Subramony Tetsuo Ashizawa and Sheng-Han Kuo.
Journal Tremor Other Hyperkinet Movement (NY) URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5647398/pdf/tre-07-492-7522-1.pdf Disciplines: Neurology, Surgeons, Physicians
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Non-referral of potential organ donors in South Africa: insights, challenges and ethical dilemmas | Non-referral of potential organ donors in South Africa: insights, challenges and ethical dilemmas
Non-referral of potential organ donors in South Africa: insights, challenges and ethical dilemmas
Non-referral of potential organ donors in South Africa: insights, challenges and ethical dilemmas
Overview
Traditionally, minimal potential organ donor referrals emanate from general medicine departments. We use a clinical vignette to draw attention to challenges related to referral of potential organ donors from general internal medicine departments. In addition, we provide potential solutions to overcome challenges and reflect on the ethical issues of non-referral of potential organ donors. It is hoped that this paper will increase the awareness of organ donation in the medical fraternity in Africa and thus mitigate critical shortages of organs for transplantation.
Ethical considerations are many. Organ donation and transplant in SA is imbued with ethical issues. These are shaped by the context in which health care is provided and then borne out in the clinical system where transplant referrals and the process of consenting to organ donation take place. In terms of context, there appears to be a distrust of transplant amongst the SA population.
The non-referral of potential organ donors has societal and ethical ramifications. General internal medicine teams can increase the number of referrals to organ transplant coordinators. Consultant physicians have the knowledge and expertise to lead the referral of potential organ donors to transplant coordinators.
Acknowledgement
Author Poobalan Naidoo, Harriet Rosanne Etheredge, Virendra Rambiritch, Akira Singh, Scott Mahoney and Vanesha Naidu
Journal Pan American Medical Journal June 2018, Vol. 29 Issue 223 Publisher CrossMark URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6080966/pdf/PAMJ-29-223.pdf
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| | Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial | Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial
Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial
Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial
Overview
There is mounting evidence that aerobic exercise has a positive effect on cognitive functions in older adults. The present study used magnetic resonance spectroscopy and quantitative MRI to systematically explore the effects of physical activity on human brain metabolism and grey matter (GM) volume in healthy aging. The main outcomes were the change in cerebral metabolism and its association to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels as well as changes in GM volume. We found that cerebral choline concentrations remained stable after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise in the intervention group, whereas they increased in the waiting control group.
No effect of training was seen on cerebral N-acetylaspartate concentrations, nor on markers of neuronal energy reserve or BDNF levels. Further, we observed no change in cortical GM volume in response to aerobic exercise. The finding of stable choline concentrations in the intervention group over the 3 month period might indicate a neuro-protective effect of aerobic exercise. Choline might constitute a valid marker for an effect of aerobic exercise on cerebral metabolism in healthy aging.
Acknowledgement
S Matura, J Fleckenstein, R Deichmann, T Engeroff, E Füzéki, E Hattingen, R Hellweg, B Lienerth, U Pilatus, S Schwarz, VA Tesky, L Vogt, W Banzer and J Pantel.
Journal Nature Translational Psychiatry (2017) 7, e1172
Publisher Unknown Creative Commons, Open Access doi:10.1038/tp.2017.135
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5538117/pdf/tp2017135a.pdf
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| | Opioid utilization among pediatric patients treated for newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia | Opioid utilization among pediatric patients treated for newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia
Opioid utilization among pediatric patients treated for newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia
Opioid utilization among pediatric patients treated for newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia
Overview
A cohort of pediatric patients with AML treated at hospitals contributing to the Pediatric Health Information System was used to evaluate differences in opioid utilization by sex, age, race, and insurance. Billing data were used to compute the prevalence of opioid exposure and to quantify rates of utilization among those exposed to opioids as days of use per 1000 inpatient days. Multivariable regressions were used to compare opioid prevalence, and rates of utilization among those exposed. The proportion of opioid-exposed patients increased with age, but did not differ by gender, race, or insurance status. There was moderate hospital-level variability in both the prevalence of opioid utilization overall and preference for specific opioid medications. There was greater inconsistency in practice concerning choices for supplemental and alternative opioids than in first-line opioid utilization. Additional work is needed to discern whether observed differences in opioid utilization by age and race reflect a difference in treatment or a difference in the experience of pain. Future studies should also explore the factors which guide decisions on opioid selections in an attempt to explain the variability across institutions.
Acknowledgement
Authors
Kelly D. Getz , Tamara P. Miller, Alix E. Seif , Yimei Li , Yuan-Shung V. Huang, Brian T. Fisher and Richard Aplenc.
Journal PLoS Medicine 2018 Feb Volume 13 Issue 2
Publisher Cross Mark Open Access URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5805309/pdf/pone.0192529.pdf
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| | Cumulative Sum Analysis of the Learning Curve for Video-assisted Miniliaparotomy Donor Nephrectomy in Healthy Kidney Donors (Nephrectomy) | Cumulative Sum Analysis of the Learning Curve for Video-assisted Miniliaparotomy Donor Nephrectomy in Healthy Kidney Donors (Nephrectomy)
Cumulative Sum Analysis of the Learning Curve for Video-assisted Miniliaparotomy Donor Nephrectomy in Healthy Kidney Donors (Nephrectomy)
Cumulative Sum Analysis of the Learning Curve for Video-assisted Miniliaparotomy Donor Nephrectomy in Healthy Kidney Donors (Nephrectomy)
Overview
Video-assisted mini-laparotomy surgery (VAMS) is a hybrid of open and laparoscopic surgical techniques, so has advantages of both approaches. The learning curve was evaluated using the cumulative sum (CUSUM) method. Measures of surgical performance included total operation time, warm ischemic time, and estimated blood loss. The mean patient age, body mass index, and body surface area were 43.5 years, 23.8kg/m2, and 1.7m2, respectively.
In terms of warm ischemic time and estimated blood loss, the initial learning was achieved after 16 cases and after 9 to 10 cases, one could achieve competency. The VAMS donor nephrectomy learning curve is shorter than for laparoscopic or robotic hand-assisted donor nephrectomy.
Surgeons can become familiar with the procedure and perform it without complications after approximately 16 to 17 operations. This is the first analysis with CUSUM identifying 3 unique learning curve phases for VAMS donor nephrectomy.
Acknowledgement Jee Soo Park , Hyun Kyu Ahn , Joonchae Na , Hyung Ho Lee, Young Eun Yoon , Min Gee Yoon and Woong Kyu Han.
Journal Medicine (2018) 97:17(e0560)
Publisher Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5944565/pdf/medi-97-e0560.pdf
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| | Opioids and Immunosuppression in Oncological Postoperative Patients | Opioids and Immunosuppression in Oncological Postoperative Patients
Opioids and Immunosuppression in Oncological Postoperative Patients
Opioids and Immunosuppression in Oncological Postoperative Patients
Overview
Recent animal studies demonstrated immune-suppressive effects of opioid withdrawal resulting in a higher risk of infection. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of remifentanil discontinuation on Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU)-acquired infection after a schedule of sedo-analgesia of at least 6 days. All patients over 18 years of age with a unit admission of more than 4 days were consecutively selected. The study population was the one affected by surgical pathology of any origin where sedation was based on any hypnotic and the opioid remifentanil was used as analgesic for at least 96 hours in continuous perfusion
Recent animal studies demonstrated immune-suppressive effects of opioid withdrawal resulting in a higher risk of infection. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of remifentanil discontinuation on Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU)-acquired infection after a schedule of sedo-analgesia of at least 6 days. All patients over 18 years of age with a unit admission of more than 4 days were consecutively selected. The study population was the one affected by surgical pathology of any origin where sedation was based on any hypnotic and the opioid remifentanil was used as analgesic for at least 96 hours in continuous perfusion
Acknowledgement
Authors José Luis Bonilla-García, Manuel Cortiñas-Sáenz and Esperanza del Pozo-Gavilán.
Journal Rev Assoc Med Bras 2017; 63(9) URL: http://www.scielo.br/pdf/ramb/v63n9/0104-4230-ramb-63-09-0753.pdf
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| | Advances in Pharmacotherapy of Tuberculosis | Advances in Pharmacotherapy of Tuberculosis
Advances in Pharmacotherapy of Tuberculosis
Advances in Pharmacotherapy of TuberculosisOverview
Tuberculosis remains a growing threat of infectious diseases of twenty-first century. An attempt to find new anti-tuberculosis agents was made especially to treat multidrug resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. One of the most promising drugs is bedaquiline - a new drug approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and by the European Union countries. This compound is intended to treat multi drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in adult patients in combination regimens in case of impossibility of using other drugs. Alarming epidemiological indicators suggesting increased amount of incidents of tuberculosis tended to search for new compounds with potential anti-tuberculosis activity.
This paper is also focused on some interesting molecules in treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis which are currently tested in clinical studies: delamanid, AZD5847, pretomanid , sutezolid and SQ109 - and some prospective molecules at the level of preclinical studies. Disturbing statistics of frequency of newly recognized tuberculosis or multi-drug resistant tuberculosis was a step to counteract this disease and give some perspectives in clinical trials. The hope in new anti-tuberculosis agents, still tested in clinical studies and the creation of new regimens.
Acknowledgement
Authors Michal Pstragowski, Malgorzata Zbrzezna and Magdalena Bujalska-ZadroØny
Journal Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica
Publisher Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Warsaw URL: http://ptfarm.pl/pub/File/Acta_Poloniae/2017/1/003.pdf
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| | A Qualitative Exploration of Chronic Pain and Opioid Treatment | A Qualitative Exploration of Chronic Pain and Opioid Treatment
A Qualitative Exploration of Chronic Pain and Opioid Treatment
A Qualitative Exploration of Chronic Pain and Opioid Treatment
Overview
The study explored high risk participants’ experiences with pain management regarding clinical access to and use of prescription opioids. First, participants perceived providers lacked empathy for their pain and/or were not adequately managing their pain. These interactions resulted in participants seeking new providers or mistrusting the medical system. Further, providers’ surveillance of participants’ pain treatment regimen contributed to distress surrounding pain management.
Secondly, study centered on participants’ pain management experiences with prescribed opioid analgesics. Participants felt they were receiving dosages and classes of analgesics that did not sufficiently address their pain, and consequently modified their dosages or rationed prescription opioids. Other participants were reluctant to take analgesics due to their history of illicit drug use. Some participants relapsed to illicit drug use when they felt their prescription opioids did not adequately address their pain needs. Participant struggles with receiving and managing prescribed opioid analgesics suggest a need for: therapies beyond these medications; guidelines for providers specific to this population; and harm reduction trainings for providers.
Acknowledgement
Author Sarina R. Isenberg, Allysha C. Maragh-Bass, Kathleen Ridgeway, Mary Catherine Beach and Amy R. Knowlton.
Journal J Opioid Manag.
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5560049/pdf/nihms871159.pdf
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| | Characteristics and predictors for Gastro-intestinal haemorrhage among adult patients with dengue virus infection: Emphasizing the impact of existing comorbid disease(s). | Characteristics and predictors for Gastro-intestinal haemorrhage among adult patients with dengue virus infection: Emphasizing the impact of existing comorbid disease(s).
Characteristics and predictors for Gastro-intestinal haemorrhage among adult patients with dengue virus infection: Emphasizing the impact of existing comorbid disease(s).
Characteristics and predictors for Gastro-intestinal haemorrhage among adult patients with dengue virus infection: Emphasizing the impact of existing comorbid disease(s).
Overview
Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a leading cause of death in dengue. This study aims to identify predictors for GI bleeding in adult dengue patients, emphasizing the impact of existing co-morbid disease(s). Of 1300 adults with dengue virus infection, 175 (mean age, 56.5±13.7 years) patients with GI bleeding and 1,125 (mean age, 49.2±15.6 years) without GI bleeding (controls) were retrospectively analyzed.
Our study is the first to disclose that end stage renal disease and previous stroke, with additional co-morbidities, were strongly significant associated with the risk of GI bleeding in patients with dengue virus infection. Identification of these risk factors can be incorporated into the patient assessment and management protocol of dengue virus infection to reduce its mortality. Our study emphasizes that, in addition to older age and thrombocytopenia , end stage renal disease and previous stroke, with additional co-morbidities, are important clinical predictor of GI bleeding in adult patients with DENV infection. More studies, particularly prospective studies are required to validate these findings for better generalization of their clinical utility.
Acknowledgement
Author Wen-Chi Huang, Ing-Kit Lee, Yi-Chun Chen, Ching-Yen Tsai and Jien-Wei Liu.
Journal PLoS ONE Volume 13 Issue 2
Publisher Cross Mark
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5819790/pdf/pone.0192919.pdf
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| | The role of procalcitonin in the diagnosis of bacterial infection after major abdominal surgery | The role of procalcitonin in the diagnosis of bacterial infection after major abdominal surgery
The role of procalcitonin in the diagnosis of bacterial infection after major abdominal surgery
The role of procalcitonin in the diagnosis of bacterial infection after major abdominal surgery
Overview
Postsurgical infections represent an important cause of morbidity after abdominal surgery. The microbiological diagnosis is not achieved in at least 30% of culture with consequent worsening of patient outcome. In this study, procalcitonin measurement, during the first 3 days after abdominal surgery, has been evaluated for the early diagnosis of postsurgical infection. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to define the diagnostic ability of PCT in case of post-surgical infections.
PCT values resulted significantly different between patients developing or not developing postsurgical infections. PCT >1.0ng/mL at first or second day after surgery and >0.5ng/mL at third day resulted diagnostic for infectious complication, whereas a value <0.5 ng/mL at the fifth day after surgery was useful for early and safety discharge of patients. In conclusion, PCT daily measurement could represent a useful diagnostic tool improving health care in the postsurgical period following major abdominal surgery and should be recommended.
Acknowledgement
Author Silvia Spoto, Emanuele Valeriani, Damiano Caputo, Eleonora Cella, Marta Fogolari, MDe, Elena Pesce, Maria Tea Mulè, Mariacristina Cartillone, Sebastiano Costantino, MDa, Giordano Dicuonzo, Roberto Coppola, Massimo Ciccozzi and Silvia Angeletti,
Journal Medicine (2018) Volume 97 Issue 3
Publisher Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5779742/pdf/medi-97-e9496.pdf
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| | Attempts to grow human noroviruses, a sapovirus, and a bovine norovirus in vitro | Attempts to grow human noroviruses, a sapovirus, and a bovine norovirus in vitro
Attempts to grow human noroviruses, a sapovirus, and a bovine norovirus in vitro
Attempts to grow human noroviruses, a sapovirus, and a bovine norovirus in vitro
Overview
Noroviruses (NoVs) and Sapoviruses (SaVs) are enteric caliciviruses that have been detected in multiple mammalian species, including humans. Currently, efficient cell culture systems have been established only for murine NoVs and porcine SaV Cowden strain. Establishment of an efficient in vitro cell culture system for other NoVs and SaVs remains challenging; however, human NoV (HuNoV) replication in 3D cultured Caco-2 cells and a clone of Caco-2 cells, C2BBe1, human enteroids and in human B cells has been reported.
In this study, we tested various cells and culture conditions to grow HuNoVs and a human SaV (HuSaV) to test the possibility of the propagation in different cells and culture conditions. We also attempted to grow a bovine NoV (BoNoV) in ex vivo organ cultures. Our results demonstrated that HuNoVs, BoNoV and HuSaV largely failed to grow in vitro under our test conditions. Our purpose is to share our findings with other researchers with the goal to develop efficient, reproducible simplified and cost-effective culture systems for human and animal NoVs and SaVs in the future.
Acknowledgement
Author Tomoichiro Oka, Garrett T. Stoltzfus, Chelsea Zhu, Kwonil Jung, Qiuhong Wang and Linda J. Saif.
Journal PLoS ONE
Publisher Cross Mark URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5810978/pdf/pone.0178157.pdf
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| | Structure and assembly of the Ebola virus nucleocapsid | Structure and assembly of the Ebola virus nucleocapsid
Structure and assembly of the Ebola virus nucleocapsid
Structure and assembly of the Ebola virus nucleocapsid
Overview
Ebola and Marburg viruses are filoviruses: filamentous, enveloped viruses that cause haemorrhagic fever1. Filoviruses are within the order Mononegavirales2 which also includes rabies virus, measles virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Mononegaviruses have non-segmented, single-stranded negative-sense RNA genomes that are encapsidated by nucleoprotein (NP) and other viral proteins to form a helical nucleocapsid (NC). NC acts as a scaffold for virus assembly and as a template for genome transcription and replication. Insights into NP-NP interactions have been derived from structural studies of oligomerized, RNA-encapsidating NP3–6 and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) of NC7–12 or NC-like structures11–13. There have been no high-resolution reconstructions of complete mononegavirus NCs.
Here, we have applied cryo-electron tomography and sub-tomogram averaging to determine the structure of Ebola virus NC within intact viruses and recombinant NC-like assemblies. These structures reveal the identity and arrangement of the NC components, and suggest that the formation of an extended alpha-helix from the disordered C-terminal region of NP-core links NP oligomerization, NC condensation, RNA encapsidation, and accessory protein recruitment. Acknowledgement
Author William Wan, Larissa Kolesnikova, Mairi Clarke, Alexander Koehler, Takeshi Noda, Stephan Becker and John A. G. Briggs.
Journal Nature. 2017 November 16; 551(7680-397)
Publisher URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5714281/pdf/emss-74396.pdf
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| | Establishing Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) diagnostics using GeneXpert technology at a mobile laboratory in Liberia: Impact on outbreak response, case management and laboratory systems strengthening | Establishing Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) diagnostics using GeneXpert technology at a mobile laboratory in Liberia: Impact on outbreak response, case management and laboratory systems strengthening
Establishing Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) diagnostics using GeneXpert technology at a mobile laboratory in Liberia: Impact on outbreak response, case management and laboratory systems strengthening
Establishing Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) diagnostics using GeneXpert technology at a mobile laboratory in Liberia: Impact on outbreak response, case management and laboratory systems strengthening Overview
The 2014-16 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa highlighted the necessity for readily available, accurate and rapid diagnostics. The magnitude of the outbreak and the re-emergence of clusters of EVD cases following the declaration of interrupted transmission in Liberia, reinforced the need for sustained diagnostics to support surveillance and emergency preparedness. We describe implementation of the Xpert Ebola Assay, a rapid molecular diagnostic test run on the GeneXpert platform, and the subsequent impact on EVD outbreak response, case management and laboratory system strengthening.
During the 18 months of operation, the laboratory tested a total of 9,063 blood specimens, including 21 EVD positives from six confirmed cases during two outbreaks. Collaboration between surveillance and laboratory coordination teams during this and a later outbreak in March 2016, facilitated timely and targeted response interventions. This model of a mobile laboratory equipped with Xpert Ebola test, staffed by local laboratory technicians, could serve to strengthen outbreak preparedness and response for future outbreaks of EVD in Liberia and the region.
Acknowledgement
Authors Philomena Raftery, Orla Condell, Christine Wasunna, Jonathan Kpaka, Ruth Zwizwai, Mahmood Nuha, Mosoka Fallah, Maxwell Freeman, Victoria Harris, Mark Miller, April Baller, Moses Massaquoi, Victoria Katawera, John Saindon, Philip Bemah, Esther Hamblion, Evelyn Castle, Desmond Williams, Alex Gasasira, Tolbert Nyenswah.
Journal PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Volume 12 Issue 1
Publisher
Cross Mark
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5755746/pdf/pntd.0006135.pdf
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| | Characterization of Influenza Virus Pseudotyped with Ebolavirus Glycoprotein | Characterization of Influenza Virus Pseudotyped with Ebolavirus Glycoprotein
Characterization of Influenza Virus Pseudotyped with Ebolavirus Glycoprotein
Characterization of Influenza Virus Pseudotyped with Ebolavirus Glycoprotein
Overview
We have produced a new Ebola virus pseudotype, E-S-FLU, that can be handled in biosafety level 1/2 containment for laboratory analysis. The E-SFLU virus is a single-cycle influenza virus coated with Ebolavirus glycoprotein, and it encodes enhanced green fluorescence protein as a reporter that replaces the influenza virus hemagglutinin. Infection of cells with the E-S-FLU virus was dependent on the Niemann-Pick C1 protein, which is the well-characterized receptor for Ebola virus entry at the late endosome/lysosome membrane. The E-S-FLU virus was neutralized specifically by an anti-Ebolavirus glycoprotein antibody and a variety of small drug molecules that are known to inhibit the entry of wild-type Ebola virus.
To demonstrate the application of this new Ebola virus pseudotype, we show that a single laboratory batch was sufficient to screen a library of 1,280 pharmacologically active compounds for inhibition of virus entry. The E-S-FLU virus is a new tool for Ebola virus cell entry studies and is easily applied to high throughput screening assays for small-molecule inhibitors or antibodies. Acknowledgement
Author Julie Huiyuan Xiao, Pramila Rijal, Lisa Schimanski, Arun Kumar Tharkeshwar, Edward Wright, Wim Annaert and Alain Townsend.
Journal Journal of Virology
Publisher Cross Mark
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5790926/pdf/e00941-17.pdf
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| | Gabapentin, opioids, and the risk of opioid related death: A population-based nested case control study: | Gabapentin, opioids, and the risk of opioid related death: A population-based nested case control study:
Gabapentin, opioids, and the risk of opioid related death: A population-based nested case control study:
Gabapentin, opioids, and the risk of opioid related death: A population-based nested case control study:
Overview
Prescription opioid use is highly associated with risk of opioid-related death, with 1 of every 550 chronic opioid users dying within approximately 2.5 years of their first opioid prescription. Although gabapentin is widely perceived as safe, drug-induced respiratory depression has been described when gabapentin is used alone or in combination with other medications.
However, no published studies have examined whether concomitant gabapentin therapy is associated with an increased risk of accidental opioid related death in patients receiving opioids. The objective of this study was to investigate whether co-prescription of opioids and gabapentin is associated with an increased risk of accidental opioid-related mortality. We conducted a population-based nested case-control study among opioid users who were residents of Ontario, Canada.
In this study we found that among patients receiving prescription opioids, concomitant treatment with gabapentin was associated with a substantial increase in the risk of opioid-related death. Clinicians should consider carefully whether to continue prescribing this combination of products and, when the combination is deemed necessary, should closely monitor their patients and adjust opioid dose accordingly. Future research should investigate whether a similar interaction exists between pregabalin and opioids.
Acknowledgement
Author Tara Gomes, David N. Juurlink, Tony Antoniou, Muhammad M. Mamdani, J. Michael Paterson and Wim van den Brink.
Journal PLoS Medicine Volume 14 Issue 10
Publisher Cross Mark URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5626029/pdf/pmed.1002396.pdf
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| | Enkephalins: Endogenous Analgesics with an Emerging Role in Stress Resilience | Enkephalins: Endogenous Analgesics with an Emerging Role in Stress Resilience
Enkephalins: Endogenous Analgesics with an Emerging Role in Stress Resilience
Enkephalins: Endogenous Analgesics with an Emerging Role in Stress Resilience
Overview
The Psychological stress is a state of mental or emotional strain or tension that results from adverse or demanding circumstances. Chronic stress is well known to induce anxiety disorders and major depression; it is also considered a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Stress resilience is a positive outcome that is associated with preserved cognition and healthy aging.
Resilience presents psychological and biological characteristics intrinsic to an individual conferring protection against the development of psychopathologies in the face of adversity. How can we promote or improve resilience to chronic stress? Numerous studies have proposed mechanisms that could trigger this desirable process.
The roles of enkephalin transmission in the control of pain, physiological functions, like respiration, and affective disorders have been studied for more than 30 years. However, their role in the resilience to chronic stress has received much less attention. This review presents the evidence for an emerging involvement of enkephalin signalling through its two associated opioid receptors, µ opioid peptide receptor and d opioid peptide receptor, in the natural adaptation to stressful lifestyles.
Acknowledgement
Authors Mathilde S. Henry, Louis Gendron, Marie-Eve Tremblay and Guy Drolet.
Journal Hindawi Neural Plasticity
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| | Alcohol intoxication at Swedish football matches: A study to assess blood alcohol concentration levels among spectators | Alcohol intoxication at Swedish football matches: A study to assess blood alcohol concentration levels among spectators
Alcohol intoxication at Swedish football matches: A study to assess blood alcohol concentration levels among spectators
Alcohol intoxication at Swedish football matches: A study to assess blood alcohol concentration levels among spectators
Overview
Alcohol use and alcohol-related problems, including accidents, vandalism and violence, at sporting events are of increased concern in Sweden and other countries. The relationship between alcohol use and violence has been established and can be explained by the level of intoxication. Given the occurrence of alcohol use and alcohol-related problems at sporting events, research has assessed intoxication levels measured through biological sampling among spectators.
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the level of alcohol intoxication among spectators at football matches in the Swedish Premier Football League. Spectators were randomly selected and invited to participate in the study.
Factors that predicted a higher Blood Alcohol Concentration level included male gender, lower age , attending a local derby, alcohol use prior to having entered the arena , attending a weekend match, and being a spectator at supporter sections. About half of all spectators at football matches in the Swedish Premier Football League drink alcohol in conjunction with the match. Approximately one-tenth have a high level of alcohol intoxication. Acknowledgement
Author Natalie Durbeej, Tobias H. Elgan, Camilla Jalling and Johanna Gripenberg Journal
PLoS ONE Research article funded by the Public Health Agency of Sweden
Publisher Cross Mark https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5695776/pdf/pone.0188284.pdf
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| | Soil-transmitted helminth infection, loss of education and cognitive impairment in school-aged children: systematic review Overview | Soil-transmitted helminth infection, loss of education and cognitive impairment in school-aged children: systematic review Overview
Soil-transmitted helminth infection, loss of education and cognitive impairment in school-aged children: systematic review Overview
Soil-transmitted helminth infection, loss of education and cognitive impairment in school-aged children: systematic review
Overview
Cardiovascular evidence of an adverse influence of soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections on cognitive function and educational loss is equivocal. Prior meta-analyses have focused on randomized controlled trials only and have not sufficiently explored the potential for disparate influence of STH infection by cognitive domain. We re-examine the hypothesis that STH infection is associated with cognitive deficit and educational loss using data from all primary epidemiologic studies published since 2016. Cognitive function was defined in four domains (learning, memory, reaction time and innate intelligence) and educational loss in two domains (attendance and scholastic achievement). Sub-group analyses were implemented by study design, risk of bias (ROB) and co-prevalence of Schistosoma species infection. Influential studies were excluded in sensitivity analysis to examine stability of pooled estimates. Despite the empirical debate regarding the cognitive benefit of de-worming for STH, the current ethical, clinical and health policy environments remain strongly skewed in favor of de-worming for child growth, prevention of anaemia and potentially avoidance of preventable cognitive deficits Acknowledgement
Author
Noel Pabalan, Eloisa Singian, Lani Tabangay, Hamdi Jarjanazi, Michael J. Boivin, Amara E. Ezeamama
Journal PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5766095/pdf/pntd.0005523.pdf
Publisher Cross Mark
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| | Mitochondrial DNA depletion by ethidium bromide decreases neuronal mitochondrial creatine kinase. | Mitochondrial DNA depletion by ethidium bromide decreases neuronal mitochondrial creatine kinase.
Mitochondrial DNA depletion by ethidium bromide decreases neuronal mitochondrial creatine kinase.
Mitochondrial DNA depletion by ethidium bromide decreases neuronal mitochondrial creatine kinase.
Overview
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the discrete genome which encodes subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, is present at highly variable copy numbers across cell types. Though severe mtDNA depletion dramatically reduces mitochondrial function, the impact of tissue-specific mtDNA reduction remains debated. Previously, our lab identified reduced mtDNA quantity in the putamen of Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients who had developed L-DOPA Induced Dyskinesia (LID), compared to PD patients who had not developed LID and healthy subjects.
Here, we present the consequences of mtDNA depletion by ethidium bromide (EtBr) treatment on the bioenergetic function of primary cultured neurons, astrocytes and neuron-enriched cocultures from rat striatum. EtBr also increases glycolytic activity in astrocytes, whereas in neurons it reduces the expression of mitochondrial creatine kinase mRNA and levels of phosphor-creatine. Further, we show that mitochondrial creatine kinase mRNA is similarly downregulated in dyskinetic PD patients, compared to both non-dyskinetic PD patients and healthy subjects.
Our data support a hypothesis that reduced striatal mtDNA contributes to energetic dysregulation in the dyskinetic striatum by destabilizing the energy buffering system of the phospho-creatine/creatine shuttle.
Acknowledgement
Author Emily Booth Warren, Aidan Edward Aicher, Joshua Patrick Fessel and Christine Konradi
Journal PLoS ONE
Publisher Cross Mark
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| | Atezolizumab: feasible second-line therapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer? A review of efficacy, safety and place in therapy | Atezolizumab: feasible second-line therapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer? A review of efficacy, safety and place in therapy
Atezolizumab: feasible second-line therapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer? A review of efficacy, safety and place in therapy
Atezolizumab: feasible second-line therapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer? A review of efficacy, safety and place in therapy Overview
Advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prognosis is still poor and has recently been reformed by the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors and the approval of anti PD-1 (programmed cell-death 1) treatments such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab in second line. More recently, Atezolizumab (MDPL 3280A), a programmed cell-death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor, was also studied in this setting.
Here, we report a review of the literature assessing the efficacy, safety, and place of Atezolizumab in the second-line treatment of advanced NSCLC. We are still far from fully understanding cancer immunity and the mechanisms leading to the success or not of immunotherapy agents. For this reason, we should investigate to a greater level the factors of failure, such as EGFR-mutant tumours.
We performed a literature search of PubMed, American Society of Clinical Oncology, European Society of Medical Oncology and World Conference on Lung Cancer meetings. Atezolizumab showed a good tolerance profile and efficacy in comparison with docetaxel for second-line treatment of advanced NSCLC. Potential predictive biomarkers also have to be assessed.
Acknowledgement
Author Fanny Jean, Pascale Tomasini and Fabrice Berlesi
Journal Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology 2017, Vol. 9(12) 769-779 Special Collection/review Immunotherapy for Lung Cancer: Progress, Opportunities and Challenges journals. sagepub.com/home/tam
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| | Pediatric multiple sclerosis: current perspectives on health behaviours | Pediatric multiple sclerosis: current perspectives on health behaviours
Pediatric multiple sclerosis: current perspectives on health behaviours
Pediatric multiple sclerosis: current perspectives on health behaviours
Overview
Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) accounts for -5% of all multiple sclerosis cases, and has a prevalence of -10,000 children in the USA. POMS is associated with a higher relapse rate, and results in irreversible disability on average 10 years earlier than adult-onset multiple sclerosis. Other manifestations of POMS include mental and physical fatigue, cognitive impairment, and depression. Health behaviours of physical activity, diet, and sleep may have potential benefits in POMS, and present a scoping review of the existing literature.
Physical activity participation was associated with reduced relapse rate, disease burden, and sleep/rest fatigue symptoms. Nutritional factors, particularly vitamin D intake, may be associated with relapse rate. Obesity has been associated with increased risk of developing POMS. POMS is associated with better sleep hygiene, and this may benefit fatigue and quality of life.
Participation in health behaviours, particularly physical activity, diet, and sleep, may have benefits for POMS. Nevertheless, there are currently no interventions targeting promotion of these behaviours and examining the benefits of managing the primary and secondary manifestations of POMS.
Acknowledgement
Author Elizabeth Morghen Sikes, Robert W Motl , Jayne M Ness
Journal Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics 2018:9 17–25
Publisher Dovepress
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| | Human Papillomavirus Status and the Risk of Cerebrovascular Events Following Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer | Human Papillomavirus Status and the Risk of Cerebrovascular Events Following Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Human Papillomavirus Status and the Risk of Cerebrovascular Events Following Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Human Papillomavirus Status and the Risk of Cerebrovascular Events Following Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Overview
Radiation therapy (RT) is a standard treatment for head and neck cancer; however, it is associated with inflammation, accelerated atherosclerosis, and cerebrovascular events. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is found in nearly half of head and neck cancers and is associated with inflammation and atherosclerosis.
The outcome of interest was the composite of ischemic stroke and transient schemic attack, and the association between HPV and CVEs was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models, competing risk analysis, and inverse probability weighting. In a multivariable model, HPV-positive status was associated with a >4 times increased risk of CVEs. In this study, HPV-positive status is associated with an increased risk of stroke or transient ischemic attack following RT for head and neck cancer. Acknowledgement
Author Daniel Addison, MD; Sara B. Seidelmann, MD, PhD; Sumbal A. Janjua, MD; Hamed Emami, MD; Pedro V. Staziaki, MD; Travis R. Hallett, BA; Balint Szilveszter, MD; Michael T. Lu, MD; Richard P. Cambria, MD; Udo Hoffmann, MD, MPH; Annie W. Chan, MD; Lori J. Wirth, MD; Tomas G. Neilan, MD, MPH
Journal Journal of the American Heart Association Volume 6 Issue 9
Publisher
2017 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.
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| | Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: a protocol and risk mitigation guide | Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: a protocol and risk mitigation guide
Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: a protocol and risk mitigation guide
Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: a protocol and risk mitigation guide Overview
Non-invasive brain stimulation has been increasingly investigated, mainly in adults, with the aims of influencing motor recovery after stroke. However, a consensus on safety and optimal study design has not been established in pediatrics. The low incidence of reported major adverse events in adults with and without clinical conditions has expedited the exploration of NIBS in children with paralleled purposes to influence motor skill development after neurological injury. Considering developmental variability in children, with or without a neurologic diagnosis, adult dosing and protocols may not be appropriate.
Combining our experiences has allowed us to improve our own protocols, with the immediate goal of child safety and the overarching goal to establish a consensus that helps to define best NIBS practice and practice guidelines
The purpose of this paper is to present recommendations and tools for the prevention and mitigation of adverse events (AEs) during NIBS in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP). Consistent reporting of safety, feasibility, and tolerability will refine NIBS practice guidelines contributing to future clinical translations of NIBS.
Acknowledgement
Author Bernadette T. Gillick, Andrew M. Gordon, Tim Feyma , Linda E. Krach, Jason Carmel, Tonya L. Rich, Yannick Bleyenheuft and Kathleen Friel
Journal Frontiers in Pediatrics Volume 6 Article 56
Publisher Cross Mark https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5864860/pdf/fped-06-00056.pdf
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| | Changes in bacterial number at different sites of oral cavity during peri-operative oral care management in gastrointestinal cancer patients: preliminary study | Changes in bacterial number at different sites of oral cavity during peri-operative oral care management in gastrointestinal cancer patients: preliminary study
Changes in bacterial number at different sites of oral cavity during peri-operative oral care management in gastrointestinal cancer patients: preliminary study
Changes in bacterial number at different sites of oral cavity during peri-operative oral care management in gastrointestinal cancer patients: preliminary study
Overview
The objective of this study was to clarify differences in bacterial accumulation between gastrointestinal cancer patients who underwent severely invasive surgery and those who underwent minimally invasive surgery. We performed a preliminary investigation of gastrointestinal cancer patients who were treated at the Takarazuka Municipal Hospital to determine changes in bacterial numbers at different sites of the oral cavity (tongue dorsum, gingiva of upper anterior teeth, palatoglossal arch), as well as mouth dryness and tongue coating indices. Specifically, patients received professional tooth cleaning (PTC), scaling, tongue cleaning, and self-care instruction regarding tooth brushing from a dental hygienist a day before the operation.
Professional oral health care was also performed by a dental hygienist two and seven days after surgery. Even with regular oral health care, bacterial numbers remained high in the upper incisor tooth gingiva in gastrointestinal cancer patients who received open surgery. Additional procedures are likely needed to effectively reduce the number of bacteria in the gingival area associated with the upper anterior teeth.
Acknowledgement
Author Tomoko Kawano, Hideo Shigeishi, Eri Fukada, Takamichi Yanagisawa, Nobukazu Kuroda, Toshinobu Takemoto and Masaru Sugiyama Journal of Applied Oral Science October 2017 URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6010331/pdf/1678-7757-jaos-26-e20170516.pdf
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Lipofilling as refinement procedure in maxillo-mandibular malformations. | Lipofilling as refinement procedure in maxillo-mandibular malformations.
Lipofilling as refinement procedure in maxillo-mandibular malformations.
Lipofilling as refinement procedure in maxillo-mandibular malformations.
Overview
Maxillo-mandibular asymmetry has numerous aetiologies: congenital, traumatic, iatrogenic and post-oncologic. All patients in study were affected by maxilla-mandibular asymmetry and underwent orthognathic surgery for hard tissue correction of the deformity. Residual facial alterations were then treated with lipofilling refinement procedure. Good integration of the grafted fat was observed in the recipient sites. Retrospective analysis of photographic documentation showed progressive volumetric decrease for up to approximately 6 months after surgery; after that graft volume remained relatively stable. Mild oedema and bruising were frequent during the first post-operative week. No haematomas, infections, vascular or nervous injuries were recorded. Twenty-four patients (from 45) wanted a second procedure. A second fat transfer was performed in 22 cases, and a third in 2 cases. We demonstrated that the success of lipofilling is dependent on the treated aesthetic subunits of the face. Composite procedures using orthognathic surgery and autologous fat provide the surgeon with an additional, more customisable option for patients with maxillo-mandibular malformations. Acknowledgement
Author:
D. CERVELLI, G. GASPARINI, A. MORO, S. PELO, E. FORESTA, F. GRUSSU, G. D’AMATO, P. DE ANGELIS, G. SAPONARO. Journal:
ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA Publisher:
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5225791/pdf/0392-100X-36-368.pdf
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| | Dysfunction of NaV1.4, a skeletal muscle voltage-gated sodium channel, in sudden infant death syndrome (case-control study) | Dysfunction of NaV1.4, a skeletal muscle voltage-gated sodium channel, in sudden infant death syndrome (case-control study)
Dysfunction of NaV1.4, a skeletal muscle voltage-gated sodium channel, in sudden infant death syndrome (case-control study)
Dysfunction of NaV1.4, a skeletal muscle voltage-gated sodium channel, in sudden infant death syndrome (case-control study)
Overview
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of post-neonatal infant death in high-income countries. Central respiratory system dysfunction seems to contribute to these deaths.
Excitation that drives contraction of skeletal respiratory muscles is controlled by the sodium channel NaV1.4, which is encoded by the gene SCN4A. Variants in NaV1.4 that directly alter skeletal muscle excitability can cause myotonia, periodic paralysis, congenital myopathy, and myasthenic syndrome.
Rare SCN4A variants that directly alter NaV1.4 function occur in infants who had died from SIDS. These variants are predicted to significantly alter muscle membrane excitability and compromise respiratory and laryngeal function. These findings indicate that dysfunction of muscle sodium channels is a potentially modifiable risk factor in a subset of infant sudden deaths.
Acknowledgement
Author Dogan Roope Männikkö, Leonie Wong, David J Tester, Michael G Thor, Richa Sud, Dimitri M Kullmann, Mary G Sweeney, Costin Leu, Sanjay M Sisodiya, David R FitzPatrick, Margaret J Evans, Iona J M Jeffrey, Jacob Tfelt-Hansen, Marta C Cohen, Peter J Fleming, Amie Jaye, Michael A Simpson, Michael J Ackerman, Michael G Hanna, Elijah R Behr, Emma Matthews Journal
Vol 391 April 14, 2018 Publisher
Cross Mark https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5899997/pdf/main.pdf
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| | Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in a patient with Ulcerative Colitis Flare | Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in a patient with Ulcerative Colitis Flare
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in a patient with Ulcerative Colitis Flare
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in a patient with Ulcerative Colitis Flare
Overview
Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by a chronic inflammatory state and is therefore associated with abnormalities in coagulation and a hyper-coagulable state. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a rare complication of inflammatory bowel disease yet contributes significant morbidity and mortality to those affected. Early diagnosis is critical, as a delay in diagnosis portends a worse prognosis.
The study starts by discussing the case of a seventeen-year-old female who presented with ulcerative colitis flare and developed new-onset seizures, found to be caused by a large venous sinus thrombosis. Evidence-based medicine supports IBD to be an independent risk factor for venous sinus thrombosis, as numerous studies have demonstrated a correlation.
The mechanism for this is multi-factorial and incompletely understood. Most healthcare professionals are not aware of this correlation and may not know how to quickly and confidently identify venous sinus thrombosis on various imaging modalities. This paper seeks to highlight the relationship, as a delay in diagnosis of CVT portends a worse prognosis in these young, at-risk patients.
Acknowledgement Author L. M. Conners , R. Ahad, P. H. Janda, and Z. Mudasir
Journal Case Reports in Neurological Medicine
Publisher Hindawi
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| | Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease. | Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease.
Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease.
Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease.
Overview
This article describes how adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) perceive their ability to perform everyday tasks required for transition to adult health care and independent living. SCD negatively affects transition from pediatric to adult health care and independent living (Anie & Telfair, 2005).
The Adolescent Autonomy Checklist (AAC) was adapted to include skills associated with managing SCD (AAC-SCD) and was administered to adolescents during clinic visits. Participants indicated "can do already" or "needs practice" for 100 activities in 12 categories. Of 122 patients, the percentage of adolescents who needed practice was greatest in living arrangements (38.7%), money management (35.8%), vocational skills (29.6%), and health care skills (25.5%).
We found a significant effect of age and of cerebrovascular injury on the percentage of those who reported "needs practice" in multiple categories. We found no effect of gender and limited effect of haemoglobin phenotype on any skill category. Findings support the need for educational intervention to improve transition skills in adolescents with SCD.
Acknowledgement:
Author: Abel RA, Cho E, Chadwick-Mansker KR, D'Souza N, Housten AJ, King AA Journal:
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy Volume 69 Issue 2
Publisher: AOTA Press
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| | Dose and Timing in Neurorehabilitation: Prescribing Motor Therapy After Stroke | Dose and Timing in Neurorehabilitation: Prescribing Motor Therapy After Stroke
Dose and Timing in Neurorehabilitation: Prescribing Motor Therapy After Stroke
Dose and Timing in Neuro-rehabilitation: Prescribing Motor Therapy After Stroke.
Overview
Prescribing the most appropriate dose of motor therapy for individual patients is a challenge because minimal data are available and a large number of factors are unknown. This review explores the concept of dose and reviews the most recent findings in the field of neuro-rehabilitation, with a focus on relearning motor skills after stroke.
Appropriate dosing involves the prescription of a specific amount of an active ingredient, at a specific frequency and duration. Dosing parameters, particularly amount, are not well defined or quantified in most studies. Compiling data across studies indicates a positive, moderate dose-response relationship, indicating that more movement practice results in better outcomes. This relationship is confounded by time after stroke.
These findings suggest that substantially more movement practice may be necessary to achieve better outcomes for people living with the disabling consequences of stroke. Preclinical investigations are needed to elucidate many of the unknowns and allow for a more biologically driven rehabilitation prescription process. Likewise, clinical investigations are needed to determine the dose-response relationships and examine the potential dose-timing interaction in humans.
Acknowledgement:
Author: Lang CE, Lohse KR, Birkenmeier RL
Journal: Current Opinion in Neurology.
Publisher: HHS Public Access
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| | Diagnostic Approaches for Invasive Aspergillosis – Specific Considerations in the Pediatric Population | Diagnostic Approaches for Invasive Aspergillosis – Specific Considerations in the Pediatric Population
Diagnostic Approaches for Invasive Aspergillosis – Specific Considerations in the Pediatric Population
Diagnostic Approaches for Invasive Aspergillosis—Specific Considerations in the Pediatric Population
Overview
The Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children with hematological malignancies and those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Similar to immune-compromised adults, clinical signs, and symptoms of IA are unspecific in the pediatric patient population. As early diagnosis and prompt treatment of IA is associated with better outcome, imaging and non-invasive antigen-based such as galactomannan or ß-D-glucan and molecular biomarkers in peripheral blood may facilitate institution and choice of antifungal compounds and guide duration of therapy.
The early and reliable diagnosis of IA is difficult in immune-compromised patients, in particular in the pediatric population. In patients in whom imaging studies suggest IA or another mold infection, invasive diagnostics such as broncho-alveolar lavage and/or bioptic procedures should be considered. Here we review the current data of diagnostic approaches for IA in the pediatric setting and highlight the major differences of performance and clinical utility of the tests between children and adults.
Acknowledgement
Author Thomas Lehrnbecher , Angela Hassler , Andreas H. Groll and Konrad Bochennek
Journal Frontiers in Microbiology
Publisher Cross Mark
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| | 21st Century Cardio-Oncology: Identifying Cardiac Safety Signals in the Era of Personalised Medicine | 21st Century Cardio-Oncology: Identifying Cardiac Safety Signals in the Era of Personalised Medicine
21st Century Cardio-Oncology: Identifying Cardiac Safety Signals in the Era of Personalised Medicine
21st Century Cardio-Oncology: Identifying Cardiac Safety Signals
Overview
Cardiotoxicity is a well-established complication of oncology therapies. Cardio-myopathy resulting from anthracyclines is a classic example. However, some of our recent therapies have introduced an assortment of cardiovascular (CV) complications. At times, these devastating outcomes have only become apparent after drug approval and have limited the use of potent therapies. There is a growing need for better testing platforms, both for CV toxicity screening, as well as for elucidating mechanisms of cardio-toxicities of approved cancer therapies.
As the focus of anticancer therapies shifts from a broadly cytotoxic approach to more targeted molecular treatments, there is increasing concern for unexpected CV toxicities that have been reported through case reports and retrospective studies This review discusses the utility of nonclinical models (in vitro, in vivo, & in silico) available and highlights recent advancements in modalities like human stem cell-derived cardio-myocytes for developing more comprehensive cardio-toxicity testing and new means of cardio-protection with targeted anticancer therapies.}
Acknowledgement
Authors
Radek Calvin Chen Sheng, MD, Laleh Amiri-Kordestani, MD, Todd Palmby, PhD, Thomas Force, MD, Charles C. Hong, MD, PhD, Joseph C. Wu, MD, PhD, Kevin Croce, MD, PhD, Geoffrey Kim, MD, and Javid Moslehi, MD
Journal JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2016 August ; 1(5): 386–398.
Publisher Department of Health & Human Services USA
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| | Is the Serum Oxytocin Level Altered by Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Complicated with Depression | Is the Serum Oxytocin Level Altered by Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Complicated with Depression
Is the Serum Oxytocin Level Altered by Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Complicated with Depression
Is the Serum Oxytocin Level Altered By Treatment In Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Complicated With Depression?
Overview
The objective of this study was to investigate the factors associated with depression, including serum oxytocin levels, disease activity, activities of daily living, and quality of life, and their effects on rheumatoid arthritis.
This study included 42 RA patients who received treatment with a biological agent. We measured the following variables before and after 6 months of treatment: baseline characteristics, including age, sex, disease duration, smoking, and body mass index; prednisolone and methotrexate dose; serum level of matrix metalloproteinase -3; erythrocyte sedimentation rate; and C-reactive protein level.
The HAM-D score significantly correlated with the SDAI, and the mental component summary score of SF-36. However, the serum OXT levels did not correlate with the HAM-D score. Regression analysis using the HAM-D score as the objective variable identified female sex, smoking, BMI, and all the three component scores of SF-36, but not serum OXT levels, as significant factors. The variables of female sex, smoking, BMI, and QOL correlated with depression complicated with RA. However, serum OXT levels did not correlate directly.
Acknowledgement Author Yusuke Miwa , Hidekazu Furuya, Ryo Yanai, Tsuyoshi Kasama, and Kenji Sanada
Journal European Journal of Rheumatology ( EJR) 2018; 5: 22-6
Publisher Medical Research and Education Association
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| | What Do We Know About Component Separation Techniques for Abdominal Wall Hernia Repair? | What Do We Know About Component Separation Techniques for Abdominal Wall Hernia Repair?
What Do We Know About Component Separation Techniques for Abdominal Wall Hernia Repair?
What Do We Know About Component Separation Techniques for Abdominal Wall Hernia Repair?
Overview
The component separation technique (CST) was introduced to abdominal wall reconstruction to treat large, complex hernias. It is very difficult to compare the published findings because of the vast number of technical modifications to CST as well as the heterogeneity of the patient population operated on with this technique.
CST without mesh should no longer be performed because of too high recurrence rates. Open anterior CST has too high a surgical site occurrence rate and henceforth should only be conducted as endoscopic and perforator sparing anterior CST. Open posterior CST and posterior CST with trans-versus abdominis release (TAR) produce better results than open anterior CST. To date, no significant differences have been found between endoscopic anterior, perforator sparing anterior CST and posterior CST with transversus abdominis release. Robot-assisted posterior CST with TAR is the latest, very promising alternative. The systematic use of biologic meshes cannot be recommended for CST.
CST should always be performed with mesh as endoscopic or perforator sparing anterior or posterior CST. Robot-assisted posterior CST with TAR is the latest development.
Acknowledgements
Hubert Scheuerlein , Andreas Thiessen, Christine Schug-Pass and Ferdinand Köckerling
Journal Frontiers in Surgery
March 2018 | Volume 5 | Article 24
Publisher Cross Mark
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| | Effectiveness and Adverse Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation. Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses. | Effectiveness and Adverse Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation. Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses.
Effectiveness and Adverse Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation. Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses.
Effectiveness and Adverse Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation. Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses. Overview
This umbrella review summarizes the evidence across meta-analyses regarding the effectiveness and adverse effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS). Methods Databases were searched up to March 2015 for meta-analyses of comparative trials in humans assessing the effectiveness or adverse effects of DBS. Data selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers.
Seven eligible systematic reviews were included assessing the use of DBS for epilepsy , obsessive-compulsive disorder , and Parkinson disease . The summary estimates were significant at p 0.05 in four meta-analyses (27%) with both fixed and random effects. One meta-analysis reported that DBS was more effective than sham in reducing the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale score in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients. The remaining three meta-analyses reported differences regarding mortality and depression in patients with Parkinson disease between DBS of the subthalamic nucleus and of the globus pallidus internus.
Although DBS has emerged as a viable surgical intervention to treat various disabling neurologic symptoms, existing studies fail to adequately support its use based on robust evidence without hints of bias. Acknowledgement
Authors Papageorgiou, Panagiotis N; Deschner, James; Papageorgiou, Spyridon N
Journal: Journal of Neurological Surgery
Publisher: University of Zurich Zurich Open Repository and Archive (www.zora.uzh.ch)
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| | Head and Neck Reconstruction with Pedicled Flaps in the Free Flap Area | Head and Neck Reconstruction with Pedicled Flaps in the Free Flap Area
Head and Neck Reconstruction with Pedicled Flaps in the Free Flap Area
Head and Neck Reconstruction with Pedicled Flaps in the Free Flap Era.
Overview
Nowadays, the transposition of micro-vascular free flaps is the most popular method for management of head and neck defects. However, not all patients are suitable candidates for free flap reconstruction. In addition, not every defect requires a free flap transfer to achieve good functional results. The aim of this study was to assess whether pedicled flap reconstruction of head and neck defects is inferior to micro-vascular free flap reconstruction in terms of complications, functionality and prognosis.
A total of 93 patients, the majority with oral cancer, were included, of which 64 were pedicled flap reconstructions (69%). The results showed no significant differences in terms of functional outcome, flap necrosis and complications in each type of reconstruction.
Multivariate regression analysis of complicated flap healing showed that only co-morbidities remained an explaining factor. Survival analysis and proportional hazard regression analysis regarding cancer relapse or distant metastasis, showed no significant differences in prognosis of patients concerning both types of reconstruction. Pedicled flaps were not significantly inferior to free flaps for reconstruction of head and neck defects, considering functionality, complications and prognosis.
Acknowledgement
Author:
R. MAHIEU, G. COLLETTI, P. BONOMO, G. PARRINELLO, A. IAVARONE, G. DOLIVET, L. LIVI, A. DEGANELLO
Journal:
Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2016;36:459-468
Publisher:
Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi
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| | Dental and Orofacial Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Craniofacial Regeneration: A prosthodontist’s point of view | Dental and Orofacial Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Craniofacial Regeneration: A prosthodontist’s point of view
Dental and Orofacial Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Craniofacial Regeneration: A prosthodontist’s point of view
Dental and Orofacial Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Craniofacial Regeneration
Overview
Of the available regenerative treatment options, craniofacial tissue regeneration using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) shows promise. The ability of stem cells to produce multiple specialised cell types along with their extensive distribution in many adult tissues have made them an attractive target for applications in tissue engineering. MSCs reside in a wide spectrum of postnatal tissue types and have been successfully isolated from orofacial tissues. These dental or orofacial derived MSCs possess self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacities.
The cell delivery vehicle has an important role in the in vivo performance of stem cells and could dictate the success of the regenerative therapy. Among the available hydrogel biomaterials for cell encapsulation, alginate-based hydrogels have shown promising results in biomedical applications. Alginate scaffolds encapsulating MSCs can provide a suitable microenvironment for cell viability and differentiation for tissue regeneration applications. This review aims to summarise current applications of dental-derived stem cell therapy and highlight the use of alginate-based hydrogels for applications in craniofacial tissue engineering.
Acknowledgement
Author
Sahar Ansari, Jackson T. Seagroves, Chider Chen, Kumar Shah,Tara Aghaloo, Benjamin M. Wu, Sompop Bencharit and Alireza Moshaverinia Journal Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry October 2017
Publisher
Department of Health & Human Sciences USA
| 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | Systemic low-grade inflammation in post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review Journal of Inflammation Research | Systemic low-grade inflammation in post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review Journal of Inflammation Research
Systemic low-grade inflammation in post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review Journal of Inflammation Research
Systemic low-grade inflammation in post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review
Overview
Studies examining post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have either emphasized a relationship between PTSD and a systemically pro-inflammatory state or identified a link between PTSD and chronic disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the evidence for a relationship between individuals with PTSD and systemic low-grade inflammation that has been proposed to underlie chronic disease development in this population.
Nine studies measuring systemic inflammation and discussing its role in chronic disease development were selected for inclusion in this review. The association between markers of systemic inflammation and PTSD was evaluated by the measurement of a variety of systemic inflammatory markers including acute-phase proteins, complement proteins, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, natural killer cells, and white blood cells. In general, systemic inflammatory biomarkers were elevated across the studies in the PTSD groups.
There is evidence that PTSD is underpinned by the presence of a systemic low-grade inflammatory state. This inflammation may be the mechanism associated with increased risk for chronic disease in the PTSD population. From this, future research should focus on interventions that help to reduce inflammation, such as exercise. Acknowledgement
Author
Kathryn Speer, Dominic Upton, Stuart Semple and Andrew McKune
Journal
Journal of Inflammation Research 2018
Publisher
Dove Press
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| | Bone markers in craniofacial bone deformations and dysplasia | Bone markers in craniofacial bone deformations and dysplasia
Bone markers in craniofacial bone deformations and dysplasia
Bone markers in craniofacial bone deformations and dysplasia’s
Overview
Various forms of bony deformations and dysplasia’s are often present in the facial skeleton. Bone defects can be either localized or general. Quite often they are not only present in the skull but also can be found in other parts of the skeleton. In many cases the presence and levels of specific bone markers should be measured in order to fully describe their activity and presence in the skeleton. Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is the most common one in the facial skeleton; however, other bone deformations regarding bone growth and activity can also be present.
Every clinician should be aware of all common, rare and uncommon bony diseases and conditions such as cherubism, Paget's disease, osteogenesis imperfecta and others related to genetic conditions. We present standard (calcium, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, alkaline phosphatase, vitamin D) and specialized bone markers (pyridinium, deoxy-pyridinium, hydroxyproline, RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway, growth hormone, insulin-like growth hormone-1) that can be used to evaluate, measure or describe the processes occurring in craniofacial bones.
Author:
Monika Seifert, Kamil H. Nelke, Anna Noczynska, Lidia Lysenko, Marzena Kubacka, Hanna Gerber Journal: Postepy Hig Med Dosw (online), 2015; 69: 1176-1181 e-ISSN 1732-2693
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Calculus Detection Calibration Among Dental Hygiene Faculty Members Utilizing Dental Endoscopy: A Pilot Study | Calculus Detection Calibration Among Dental Hygiene Faculty Members Utilizing Dental Endoscopy: A Pilot Study
Calculus Detection Calibration Among Dental Hygiene Faculty Members Utilizing Dental Endoscopy: A Pilot Study
Calculus Detection Calibration Among Dental Hygiene Faculty Members Utilizing Dental Endoscopy
Overview
Dental and dental hygiene faculty members often do not provide consistent instruction in the clinical environment, especially in tasks requiring clinical judgment. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if a dental endoscopy-assisted training program would improve intra- and interrater reliability of dental hygiene faculty members in calculus detection. Training included an ODU 11/12 explorer, typodonts, and dental endoscopy. A convenience sample of six participants was recruited from the dental hygiene faculty at a California community college, and a two-group randomized experimental design was utilized.
The results showed that both kinds of reliability significantly improved for all participants and the training group improved significantly in interrater reliability from pre-test to post-test. Calibration training was beneficial to these dental hygiene faculty members, especially those beginning with less than full agreement. This study suggests that calculus detection calibration training utilizing dental endoscopy can effectively improve interrater reliability of dental and dental hygiene clinical educators. Future studies should include human subjects, involve more participants at multiple locations, and determine whether improved rater reliability can be sustained over time.
Acknowledgement
Authors
Brian B. Partido, Archie A. Jones, Dana L. English, Carol A. Nguyen and Mary E. Jacks
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| | Dental and dental hygiene students' diagnostic accuracy in oral radiology: effect of diagnostic strategy and instructional method | Dental and dental hygiene students' diagnostic accuracy in oral radiology: effect of diagnostic strategy and instructional method
Dental and dental hygiene students' diagnostic accuracy in oral radiology: effect of diagnostic strategy and instructional method
Overview
This study evaluated the effectiveness of non-analytic and analytic strategies in radiographic interpretation and explored the relationship between instructional methodology and diagnostic strategy. Second-year dental and dental hygiene students were taught four radiographic abnormalities using basic science instructions or a step-by-step algorithm.
The students were tested on diagnostic accuracy and memory immediately after learning and one week later. A total of seventy-three students completed both immediate and delayed sessions and were included in the analysis. Students were randomly divided into two instructional conditions: one group provided a diagnostic hypothesis for the image and then identified specific features to support it, while the other group first identified features and then provided a diagnosis.
Participants in the di¬agnosis-first condition (non-analytic reasoning) had higher diagnostic accuracy then those in the features-first condition (analytic reasoning), regardless of their learning condition. No main effect of learning condition or interaction with diagnostic strategy was observed. Educators should be mindful of the potential influence of analytic and non-analytic approaches on the effectiveness of the instructional method.
Acknowledgement
Authors: Mariam T. Baghdady, Heather Carnahan, Ernest W.N. Lam and Nicole N. Woods
Journal Journal of Dental Education September 2014 Volume 78, No 9
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | The effect of group exercise frequency on health-related quality of life in institutionalised elderly. | The effect of group exercise frequency on health-related quality of life in institutionalised elderly.
The effect of group exercise frequency on health-related quality of life in institutionalised elderly.
Overview
The study aimed to determine the effect of group exercise frequency on health related quality of life in institutionalized elderly. One hundred participants were recruited for voluntary participation from five aged care facilities, with inclusion being based on the outcome of a medical assessment by a sports physician. A quasi-experimental design was used to compare the effect of a 12 week group exercise programme on two groups of participants using pre-test and post-test procedures.
Mental health and social health benefits can be obtained irrespective of exercise frequency 2X/week or 3X/week. The exercise intervention at a frequency 3X/ week was more effective in improving mental component summary due to a larger effect size obtained compared to the exercise frequency of 2X/week. Additional benefits in vitality were achieved by exercising 3X/week. This may assist the elderly in preserving their independence.
Further targeted longitudinal intervention based studies are required to investigate the impact of intensity, frequency, duration and type of physical activity that is required to obtain mental and physical health benefits.
Acknowledgement
Author Nivash Rugbeer, Serela Ramklass, Andrew Mckune, Johan van Heerden Journal
Pan African Medical Journal Publisher
Cross Mark URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5398226/pdf/PAMJ-26-35.pdf
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | The effects of intensified training on resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition and performance in trained cyclists | The effects of intensified training on resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition and performance in trained cyclists
The effects of intensified training on resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition and performance in trained cyclists
Overview
Recent research has demonstrated decreases in resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition and performance following a period of intensified training in elite athletes, however the underlying mechanisms of change remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate how an intensified training period, designed to elicit overreaching, affects RMR, body composition, and performance in trained endurance athletes, and to elucidate underlying mechanisms.
Training comprised of a combination of laboratory based interval sessions and on-road cycling. RMR, body composition, energy intake, appetite, heart rate variability (HRV), cycling performance, biochemical markers and mood responses were assessed at multiple time points throughout the six-week period.
Intensified training periods elicit greater energy demands in trained cyclists. The proactive monitoring of energy intake, power output, mood state, body mass and HRV during intensified training periods may alleviate fatigue and attenuate the observed decrease in RMR, providing more optimal conditions for a positive training adaptation. Acknowledgement
Author Peter Amy L. Woods , Anthony J. Rice , Laura A. Garvican-Lewis , Alice M. Wallett , Bronwen Lundy , Margot A. Rogers , Marijke Welvaert , Shona Halson , Andrew McKune, Kevin G. Thompson
Journal PLoS ONE
Publisher Cross Mark http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0191644
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Does trait anxiety influence effects of oxytocin on eye-blink startle reactivity? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. | Does trait anxiety influence effects of oxytocin on eye-blink startle reactivity? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.
Does trait anxiety influence effects of oxytocin on eye-blink startle reactivity? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.
Overview
Previous research has demonstrated that the neuro-peptide oxytocin modulates social behaviors and reduces anxiety. However, effects of oxytocin on startle reactivity, a well-validated measure of defence system activation related to fear and anxiety, have been inconsistent.
Forty-four healthy male participants attended two experimental sessions. They received intranasal oxytocin (24 IU) in one session and placebo in the other. Startle probes were presented in combination with pictures of social and non-social content. Eye-blink startle magnitude was measured by electromyography over the musculus orbicularis oculi in response to 95 dB noise bursts. Participants were assigned to groups of high vs. low trait anxiety based on their scores on the trait form of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
A significant interaction effect of oxytocin with STAI confirmed that trait anxiety moderated the effect of oxytocin on startle reactivity. Post-hoc tests indicated that for participants with elevated trait anxiety, oxytocin increased startle magnitude, particularly when watching non-social pictures, while this was not the case for participants with low trait anxiety. Acknowledgement
Author Sonja Schumacher, Misari Oe , Frank H. Wilhelm , Michael Rufer , Markus Heinrichs, Steffi Weidt , Hanspeter Moergeli , Chantal Martin-Soelch
Journal
PLoS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190809
Research article Publisher
Cross Mark Url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5754118/pdf/pone.0190809.pdf
| 3 | | R375.00 | |
| | Apoptosis-related microRNA-145-5p enhances the effects of pheophorbide a-based photodynamic therapy in oral cancer. | Apoptosis-related microRNA-145-5p enhances the effects of pheophorbide a-based photodynamic therapy in oral cancer.
Apoptosis-related microRNA-145-5p enhances the effects of pheophorbide a-based photodynamic therapy in oral cancer.
Overview
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate key biological processes, and their aberrant expression has been related to cancer development. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as one of the most promising modalities for cancer treatment. However, the application of PDT has been limited to superficially localized human cancerous and precancerous lesions. To increase the usefulness of both PDT and miRNAs in cancer therapy, this study investigated whether apoptosis-related miRNA expression is influenced by PDT in oral cancer and whether miRNAs can enhance PDT efficacy.
To achieve this goal, we performed a miRNA array-based comparison of apoptosis-related miRNA expression patterns following PDT using pheophorbide a (Pa) as a photosensitizer. After Pa-PDT, 13.1% of the miRNAs were down-regulated, and 16.7% of the miRNAs were up-regulated. Representative miRNAs were selected according to expression difference: miR-9-5p, miR-32-5p, miR-143-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-192-5p, miR- 193a-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-212-3p, miR-338-3p, and miR-451a. Among them, only miR- 145-5p showed the consistent reduction repeatedly in all cell lines after Pa-PDT. Further, the combined treatment of a miR-145-5p mimic and Pa-PDT increased phototoxicity, reactive oxygen species generation, and apoptotic cell death, suggesting that miRNAs expression could be a useful marker for enhancing the therapeutic effect of Pa-PDT. This study will provide a promising strategy for introducing miRNA as cancer therapy.
Acknowledgement
Author: Sook Moon, Do Kyeong, Jin Kim
Journal: Oncotarge
Publisher: Advance publications 2017
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5471045/pdf/oncotarget-08-35184.pdf
| 3 | | R350.00 | |
| | Denture wearing during sleep doubles the risk of pneumonia in the very elderly. | Denture wearing during sleep doubles the risk of pneumonia in the very elderly.
Denture wearing during sleep doubles the risk of pneumonia in the very elderly.
Overview
Poor oral health and hygiene are increasingly recognized as major risk factors for pneumonia among the elderly. To identify modifiable oral health-related risk factors, we prospectively investigated associations between a constellation of oral health behaviours and incident pneumonia in the community-living very elderly. At baseline, 524 randomly selected seniors were examined for oral health status and oral hygiene behaviours as well as medical assessment, including blood chemistry analysis, and followed up annually until first hospitalization for or death from pneumonia. During a 3-year follow-up period, 48 events associated with pneumonia were identified. Among 453 denture wearers, 186 who wore their dentures during sleep were at higher risk for pneumonia than those who removed their dentures at night. In a multivariate Cox model, both perceived swallowing difficulties and overnight denture wearing were independently associated with an approximately 2.3-fold higher risk of the incidence of pneumonia, which was comparable with the HR attributable to cognitive impairment, history of stroke and respiratory disease. In addition, those who wore dentures during sleep were more likely to have tongue and denture plaque, gum inflammation, positive culture for Candida albicans, and higher levels of circulating interleukin-6 as compared with their counterparts. This study provided empirical evidence that denture wearing during sleep is associated not only with oral inflammatory and microbial burden but also with incident pneumonia, suggesting potential implications of oral hygiene programs for pneumonia prevention in the community. Acknowledgement
Author: Iinuma T, Arai Y, Abe Y, Takayama M, Fukumoto M, Fukui Y, Iwase T, Takebayashi T, Hirose N, Gionhaku N, Komiyama K
Journal: Journal of Dental Research
Publisher: International & American Associations for Dental Research URL:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4541085/pdf/10.1177_0022034514552493.pdf
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| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Prevalence and risk factors of periodontitis among adults with or without diabetes mellitus. | Prevalence and risk factors of periodontitis among adults with or without diabetes mellitus.
Prevalence and risk factors of periodontitis among adults with or without diabetes mellitus.
Overview Aims:
This study examined prevalence and risk factors of periodontitis in representative samples of Korean adults, with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). Method:
Data from the 2012 Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey were analyzed. A total of 4,477 adults were selected from 8,057 individuals who completed a nutrition survey, a self-reported general health behavior questionnaire, an oral examination, an oral hygiene behaviors survey, and laboratory tests. DM was defined as a fasting plasma glucose = 126 mg/dL, or self-reported diagnosed diabetes, or current use of oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin. The community periodontal index was used to assess periodontitis status and comparisons between the periodontitis and the non-periodontitis group, were performed, according to the presence of DM. Risk factors for periodontitis in adults with DM and without DM were evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results:
The prevalence of periodontitis was significantly higher in adults with DM (43.7%) than in those without DM. In adults without DM, risk factors for periodontitis were older age, male, urban habitation, waist circumference, smoking, oral pain, and less frequent tooth brushing. Conclusions:
Adults with DM have an increased risk of periodontitis than those without DM. Acknowledgement
Author: Hong M, Kim HY, Seok H, Yeo CD, Kim YS, Song JY, Lee Y, Lee DH, Lee JI, Lee TK, Ahn HS, Ko YH, Jeong SC, Chae HS, Sohn TS
Journal: Korean journal of internal medicine
Publisher: The Korean Association of Internal Medicine
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5016291/pdf/kjim-2016-031.pdf
| 3 | | R379.00 | |
| | The Psychology and Neuroscience of Curiosity. | The Psychology and Neuroscience of Curiosity.
The Psychology and Neuroscience of Curiosity.
Overview
Curiosity is a basic element of our cognition, but its biological function, mechanisms, and neural underpinning remain poorly understood. It is nonetheless a motivator for learning, influential in decision-making, and crucial for healthy development. One factor limiting our understanding of it is the lack of a widely agreed upon delineation of what is and is not curiosity. Another factor is the dearth of standardized laboratory tasks that manipulate curiosity in the lab.
Despite these barriers, recent years have seen a major growth of interest in both the neuroscience and psychology of curiosity. In this Perspective, we advocate for the importance of the field, provide a selective overview of its current state, and describe tasks that are used to study curiosity and information-seeking. We propose that, rather than worry about defining curiosity, it is more helpful to consider the motivations for information-seeking behavior and to study it in its ethological context. Acknowledgement
Author: Kidd C, Hayden BY
Journal: Neuron
Publisher: Department of Health and Human Services
http://www.cell.com/neuron/pdf/S0896-6273(15)00767-9.pdf
| 3 | | R440.00 | |
| | Systematic review on non-invasive treatment of root caries lesions. | Systematic review on non-invasive treatment of root caries lesions.
Systematic review on non-invasive treatment of root caries lesions.
Overview The present systematic review critically summarizes results of clinical studies investigating chemical agents to reduce initiation or inactivation of root caries lesions (RCLs). Outcomes were DMFRS/DFRS (decayed, missing, filled root surfaces), surface texture (hard/soft), and/or RCI (root caries index).
Thirty-four articles with 1 or more agents were included; they reported 30 studies with 10,136 patients who were 20 to 101 y old; and they analyzed 28 chemical agents (alone or in combination). Eleven studies investigated dentifrices, 10 rinses, 8 varnishes, 3 solutions, 3 gels, and 2 ozone applications. Meta-analyses revealed that dentifrices containing 5,000 ppm F(-) or 1.5% arginine plus 1,450 ppm F(-) are more effective in inactivating RCLs than dentifrices containing 1,100 to 1,450 ppm F(-). Self-applied AmF/SnF2-containing dentifrice and rinse decreased the initiation of RCLs when compared with NaF products. Patients rinsing with a mouth rinse containing 225 to 900 ppm F(-) revealed a significantly reduced DMFRS/DFRS when compared with a placebo rinse. Significantly reduced RCI was found for CHX as well as SDF when compared with placebo varnish.
Regular use of dentifrices containing 5,000 ppm F(-) and quarterly professionally applied CHX or SDF varnishes seem to be efficacious to decrease progression and initiation of root caries, respectively. However, this conclusion is based on only very few well-conducted randomized controlled trials. Acknowledgement
Author:
Wierichs RJ, Meyer-Lueckel H Journal:
Journal of Dental Research Publisher:
International & American Associations for Dental Research jdr.sagepub.com https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4438727/pdf/10.1177_0022034514557330.pdf
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Effectiveness of Electro-stimulation as a Treatment for Bell’s Palsy: An Update Review. | Effectiveness of Electro-stimulation as a Treatment for Bell’s Palsy: An Update Review.
Effectiveness of Electro-stimulation as a Treatment for Bell’s Palsy: An Update Review.
Overview
Idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis or Bell’s palsy is the most frequent cause of facial paralysis. The treatment of this condition includes pharmacological and physiotherapeutic approaches, but it is important to start treatment within 72 hours of the appearance of symptoms. Studies have showed low or no positive results for the treatment of Bell’s palsy with electro-stimulation. This review was done to search for evidence that supports electro-stimulation as a treatment option. An update (2000-2014) review of randomized and controlled clinical trials was done. Five studies met the inclusion criteria and they were examined and compared in this review. According to the searched literature there is insufficient evidence to support electrotherapy effectiveness when applied as a monotherapy, nor when combined with other procedures to treat Bell’s palsy. Electro-stimulation is still used as treatment and since there are few controlled studies that show a minimal usefulness of ES for treating Bell’s palsy, more controlled studies with scientific strictness on this topic are needed. Acknowledgement
AUTHORS:
Ramos-Jimenez Arnulfo Jose Manuel Garcia-Rivera Rosa Patricia Hernandez-Torres Erik Holguin Rafael Villalobos-Molina JOURNAL: Journal of Novel Physiotherapies PUBLISHERS: OMICS International URL: https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/effectiveness-of-electrostimulation-as-a-treatment-for-bells-palsy-an-updatereview-2165-7025-1000260.pdf
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Relation Between Periodontal Status and Pre-Cancerous Condition (Oral Lichen Planus): A Pilot Study. | Relation Between Periodontal Status and Pre-Cancerous Condition (Oral Lichen Planus): A Pilot Study.
Relation Between Periodontal Status and Pre-Cancerous Condition (Oral Lichen Planus): A Pilot Study.
Overview
Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the periodontal status of OLP patients and compare it with that of healthy controls. Plaque control and rigorous oral hygiene are primary requisites for the treatment of any oro-mucosal disease. Material and Methods:
Thirty patients with the erosive and reticular form of OLP as a study group and 30 healthy subjects as a control group were selected. The periodontal status of all subjects including gingival index (GI), Russell's periodontal index (PI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were evaluated in both groups. Finally, the data was analyzed by a paired t-test using SPSS software v. 22. Results:
The mean values of GI, PI and BOP were observed to be higher in the study group compared to the control group, and this was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The results shown are suggestive that periodontal status was poor in the study group as compared to the control group. Conclusions:
Further studies need to investigate periodontal status in oral lichen planus patients with larger sample size, and careful follow-up of these will assure an increase in the quality of life of these patients. The patient should be informed regarding the risk of periodontal problems in OLP and should be advised to have regular dental checkups to avoid a worsening of the condition Acknowledgement
Author: Rai NP, Kumar P, Mustafa SM, Divakar DD, Kheraif AA, Ramakrishnaiah R, Vellapally S, Dalati MH, Parine NR, Anil S
Journal: Advances in clinical and experimental medicine
Publisher: Wroclaw Medical University
http://www.advances.umed.wroc.pl/pdf/2016/25/4/763.pdf
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Postoperative Pain in Children After Dentistry Under General Anesthesia. | Postoperative Pain in Children After Dentistry Under General Anesthesia.
Postoperative Pain in Children After Dentistry Under General Anesthesia.
Overview
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, severity, and duration of postoperative pain in children undergoing general anesthesia for dentistry. This prospective cross-sectional study included 33 American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) Class I and II children 4-6 years old requiring multiple dental procedures, including at least 1 extraction, and/or pulpectomy, and/or pulpotomy of the primary dentition. Exclusion criteria were children who were developmentally delayed, cognitively impaired, born prematurely, taking psychotropic medications, or recorded baseline pain or analgesic use.
The primary outcome of pain was measured by parents using the validated Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) and Parents' Postoperative Pain Measure (PPPM) during the first 72 hours at home. The results showed that moderate-to-severe postoperative pain, defined as FPS-R = 6, was reported in 48.5% of children. The prevalence of moderate-to-severe pain was 29.0% by FPS-R and 40.0% by PPPM at 2 hours after discharge. Pain subsided over 3 days. Postoperative pain scores increased significantly from baseline (P < .001, Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test). Moderately good correlation between the 2 pain measures existed 2 and 12 hours from discharge (Spearman rhos correlation coefficients of 0.604 and 0.603, P < .005).
In conclusion, children do experience moderate-to-severe pain postoperatively. Although parents successfully used pain scales, they infrequently administered analgesics. Acknowledgement
Author: Wong M, Copp PE, Haas DA
Journal: Anesthesia progress
Publisher: American Dental Society of Anesthesiology
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4675339/pdf/i0003-3006-62-4-140.pdf
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Oral care and nosocomial pneumonia: a systematic review. | Oral care and nosocomial pneumonia: a systematic review.
Oral care and nosocomial pneumonia: a systematic review.
Overview
To perform a systematic review of the literature on the control of oral biofilms and the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia, in addition to assessing and classifying studies as to the grade of recommendation and level of evidence.
The review was based on PubMed, LILACS, and Scopus databases, from January 1st, 2000 until December 31st, 2012. Studies evaluating oral hygiene care related to nosocomial infections in patients hospitalized in intensive care units were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Full published articles available in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, which approached chemical or mechanical oral hygiene techniques in preventing pneumonia, interventions performed, and their results were included.
Most articles included a study group with chlorhexidine users and a control group with placebo users for oral hygiene in the prevention of pneumonia. All articles were classified as B in the level of evidence, and 12 articles were classified as 2B and two articles as 2C in grade of recommendation. It was observed that the control of oral biofilm reduces the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia, but the fact that most articles had an intermediate grade of recommendation makes clear the need to conduct randomized controlled trials with minimal bias to establish future guidelines for oral hygiene in intensive care units. Acknowledgement
Author: Vilela MC, Ferreira GZ, Santos PS, Rezende NP
Journal:
Einstein (Soa Paulo, Brazil) Publisher:
Unknown
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4943826/pdf/1679-4508-eins-13-2-0290.pdf
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Development and Evaluation of an Endodontic Simulation Model for Dental Students. | Development and Evaluation of an Endodontic Simulation Model for Dental Students.
Development and Evaluation of an Endodontic Simulation Model for Dental Students.
Overview
The aims of this study were to develop an endodontic simulation model able to implement the electronic method of working length determination (electronic apex locators, EALs) in a dental school, to evaluate the practicality of this tool for dental students, and to compare the accuracy of working length measurements achieved by the EAL and the radiographic method. A new simulation model was constructed by embedding extracted human teeth in a self-cured resin, along with a conductive medium. After radiographic and electronic working length determinations, root canal instrumentation was performed by students at a dental school in Austria according to the working lengths obtained from the EAL. Subsequently, root apices were longitudinally sectioned using a diamond coated bur. Measurements of the distance between the anatomical root apex (ARA) and the apical constriction (AC) as well as between ARA and the ascertained apical point of endodontic instrumentation were performed using digital photography and a 3D computer-assisted design software. The distance between ARA and the radiologic (ARA-R) or electrometric (ARA-EL) readings of the apical point of endodontic instrumentation was compared with the actual distance ARA-AC. The accuracy of both methods was determined. The difference between the actual distance ARA-AC and the targeted radiological distance was statistically significant, as was the measured distance between ARA-R and ARA-EL. The electronic method seems to be more precisely referring to the AC than the radiographic method. These results suggest that the endodontic simulation model described in this study can be successfully used in preclinical dental education. Acknowledgement
Author: Wolgin M, Wiedemann P, Frank W, Wrbas KT, Kielbassa AM
Journal: Journal of dental education
Publisher: Journal of dental education
http://www.jdentaled.org/content/79/11/1363.full.pdf
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Digital Panoramic Radiography as a Useful Tool for Detection of Bone Loss: A Comparative Study. | Digital Panoramic Radiography as a Useful Tool for Detection of Bone Loss: A Comparative Study.
Digital Panoramic Radiography as a Useful Tool for Detection of Bone Loss: A Comparative Study.
Overview
This study was aimed to investigate the use of panoramic radiography in patients with low bone mineral density in order to diagnose and prevent osteoporotic fractures. Panoramic radiographs of 60 patients (20 men and 40 women) aged from 40 to 70 years with cortical thicknesses of less than 3 mm in the mandibular angle were selected from patients referred to a dentomaxillofacial radiology clinic and were then examined for mandibular cortical angles. In most cases, no significant difference in mandibular angle cortical thickness was found between those patients with a normal BMD and those patients with a lowered BMD (P=0.621). There was a relationship between the cortical thicknesses of the mandibular lower border, and vertebral and femoral BMD (P<0.0001), and there was a significant difference between the thickness of the mandibular lower border and BMD. The results of this study also revealed a new marker of osteoporosis on the mandibular lower border under the third molar. A thickness of 2.80 mm of the mandibular lower border was detected as a threshold for the measurement of bone densitometry in the chosen Iranian population. Panoramic radiography is effective for screening patients who are at risk of having decreased bone mineral density. Patients with a threshold of 2.80 mm thickness of the mandibular lower border should be considered as individuals likely to have osteoporosis associated low bone density. Acknowledgement
Author: Fatemeh Ezoddini Ardakani, Mohammad Bagher Owlia, Samaneh Hesami , and Pouran Hosseini
Journal: Acta Medica Iranica
Publisher: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, The Center for Electronic Resources Provision & Journals Development
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e79e/f05e3bb35a08af4bf74b0897f2d4e4461023.pdf
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Advanced restorative dentistry - a problem for the elderly? An ethical dilemma. | Advanced restorative dentistry - a problem for the elderly? An ethical dilemma.
Advanced restorative dentistry - a problem for the elderly? An ethical dilemma.
Overview
The type of dental restorations taken into old age may have an adverse effect on the quality of life of the elderly. At present the availability of dental personnel and facilities in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) is limited and the elderly living at home may be unable to easily gain access to dental care. This results in prolonged pain and suffering. It is important that appropriate funds are made available to ensure their dental health is maintained. A lack of early intervention to arrest dental disease may result in life-threatening medical consequences in the elderly. Significant local disease may also result from a lack of appropriate dental intervention. The necessity to remove questionable teeth prior to irradiation for neoplastic disease or bisphosphonate prescription for neoplastic disease or severe osteoporosis emphasizes the need for regular dental care. In contrast, extensive dental restorative treatment for younger people may have benefits, such as optimal dental aesthetics and oral function, but in older individual’s careful consideration should be given to select the most appropriate treatment modality so that adverse situations can be avoided. This may mean the use of conservative dental restorative materials and an avoidance of complex restorative options which may be difficult for the individual or RACF staff to maintain. Therefore, the timing of the provision of complex dentistry poses an ethical dilemma. Acknowledgement
Author: Murray CG
Journal: Australian dental journal
Publisher: 2015 Australian Dental Association
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/adj.12289/epdf
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Association Between Dental Student-Developed Exam Questions and Learning at Higher Cognitive Levels. | Association Between Dental Student-Developed Exam Questions and Learning at Higher Cognitive Levels.
Association Between Dental Student-Developed Exam Questions and Learning at Higher Cognitive Levels.
Overview
New dental accreditation standards emphasize that graduates must be competent in the use of critical thinking (a high cognitive-level skill). Despite this new standard, most written assessments in dental school courses are still based on low cognitive-level questions. The aim of this study was to determine if an exercise that allows students to collaboratively write exam questions would help cultivate higher cognitive levels of learning. To evaluate this exercise at one U.S. dental school, the cognitive level (according to Bloom's taxonomy) of multiple-choice exam questions and students' scores across two cohorts in a cariology course were compared. Among students in the intervention group, the response rate to a post-intervention survey measuring students' attitudes about the experience was 70% (N=73). The results showed that the students generating their own assessments developed higher cognitive-level exam questions than the instructor-generated assessments. The intervention group (with student-generated assessments) also performed as well or better on tests compared to the control group (with instructor-generated assessments). In the intervention group survey, the vast majority of students agreed that the exercise was helpful for their overall learning experience, but working in teams was said to be the least valuable component of the activity for their learning. This study suggests that student-driven, collaborative assessments can be an important tool for building critical thinking skills in dental classrooms and that it may be worthwhile to expand this type of exercise into other courses. Acknowledgement
Author: Gonzalez-Cabezas C, Anderson OS, Wright MC, Fontana M
Journal: Journal of dental education
Publisher: Journal of dental education
http://www.jdentaled.org/content/79/11/1295.long
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Early Administration of Epinephrine (Adrenaline) in Patients with Cardiac Arrest. | Early Administration of Epinephrine (Adrenaline) in Patients with Cardiac Arrest.
Early Administration of Epinephrine (Adrenaline) in Patients with Cardiac Arrest.
Overview
For many decades, Epinephrine (adrenaline) has been used in resuscitation after cardiac arrest. However, the provisions of epinephrine is currently suggested by both the American Heart Association (AHA) and the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) in both shockable and non-shockable rhythms.
This study therefore had two objectives which included evaluating whether patients who experience cardiac arrest in hospitals receive epinephrine (adrenaline) within the two minutes after the first defibrillation as well as to evaluate the association between early administration of epinephrine and outcomes in this population. The data for this study was obtained from more than 300 hospitals in the United States. Participants for this study were adults in hospitals who experienced cardiac arrest with an initial shockable rhythm. These 2978 participants were also patients who had a first defibrillation within two minutes of the cardiac arrest and who remained in a shockable rhythm after defibrillation.
The study was concluded that half of patients with a persistent shockable rhythm received epinephrine within two minutes after the first defibrillation, contrary to current American Heart Association guidelines.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Lars W Andersen, Tobias Kurth, Maureen Chase, Katherine M Berg, Michael N Cocchi, Clifton Callaway, Michael W Donnino JOURNAL: BMJ Open PUBLISHER: The BMJ Group URL: http://www.bmj.com
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | How Does Physical Activity Intervention Improve Self-Esteem and Self-Concept in Children and Adolescents? Evidence from a Meta-Analysis. | How Does Physical Activity Intervention Improve Self-Esteem and Self-Concept in Children and Adolescents? Evidence from a Meta-Analysis.
How Does Physical Activity Intervention Improve Self-Esteem and Self-Concept in Children and Adolescents? Evidence from a Meta-Analysis.
Overview The objective of this course is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis for the effects of physical activity intervention on self-esteem and self-concept in children and adolescents, and to identify moderator variables by meta-regression. Relevant studies were identified through a comprehensive search of electronic databases. Study inclusion criteria were: (1) intervention should be supervised physical activity, (2) reported sufficient data to estimate pooled effect sizes of physical activity intervention on self-esteem or self-concept, (3) participants' ages ranged from 3 to 20 years, and (4) a control or comparison group was included. There was no significant effect of intervention of physical activity alone on any outcomes in non-RCTs, as well as in studies with intervention of physical activity combined with other strategies. It was concluded that intervention of physical activity alone is associated with increased self-concept and self-worth in children and adolescents. And there is a stronger association with school-based and gymnasium-based intervention compared with other settings. Acknowledgement Author: Liu M, Wu L, Ming Q Journal: PLoS One.
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Sensitivity and specificity of CT scan in revealing skull fracture in medico-legal head injury victims. | Sensitivity and specificity of CT scan in revealing skull fracture in medico-legal head injury victims.
Sensitivity and specificity of CT scan in revealing skull fracture in medico-legal head injury victims.
Overview:
Aims: The study was conducted with the objective of knowing the sensitivity and specificity of ante-mortem CT scan findings indicating the presence or absence of skull fractures. Methods: Findings were confirmed during post-mortem examination of the subjects who had died during management but who had not had any surgical intervention. A comparative study of ante-mortem CT scan and autopsy findings with respect to fracture in traumatic head injuries was undertaken on 60 deceased individuals brought in for medico-legal post-mortem examination over a period of two years. Results: Considering the autopsy findings as the gold standard, we have concluded that 14.6 per cent of the fractures were missed on CT scan findings compared to fractures found during autopsy. The sensitivity of CT scan for skull fractures was found to be 85.4 per cent and specificity was 100 per cent. Kappa was 0.787, which shows good agreement with p<0.001, which was highly significant. Conclusion: In developing countries, images are interpreted in the axial plane only on a CT scan of the head, which may be due to a lack of financial and human resources. For better delineation of fractures, the use of techniques like multi-detector CT with sagittal and coronal reformations should be considered in the routine interpretation of a CT scan of the head. Acknowledgement
Author: Chawla H, Yadav RK, Griwan MS, Malhotra R, Paliwal PK
Journal: The Australasian medical journal.
Publisher: The Australasian medical journal
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4531150/pdf/AMJ-08-235.pdf
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Imaging the heart in pulmonary hypertension: an update. | Imaging the heart in pulmonary hypertension: an update.
Imaging the heart in pulmonary hypertension: an update.
Overview
Non-invasive imaging of the heart plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of pulmonary hypertension (PH), and several well-established techniques are available for assessing performance of the right ventricle, the key determinant of patient survival. While right heart catheterisation is mandatory for establishing a diagnosis of PH, echocardiography is the most important screening tool for early detection of PH. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is also a reliable and practical tool that can be used as part of the diagnostic work-up. Echocardiography can measure a range of haemodynamic and anatomical variables (e.g. pericardial effusion and pulmonary artery pressure), whereas CMRI provides complementary information to echocardiography via high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging. Together with echocardiography and CMRI, techniques such as high-resolution computed tomography and positron emission tomography may also be valuable for screening, monitoring and follow-up assessments of patients with PH, but their clinical relevance has yet to be established. Technological advances have produced new variants of echocardiography, CMRI and positron emission tomography, and these permit closer examination of myocardial architecture, motion and deformation. Integrating these new tools into clinical practice in the future may lead to more precise non-invasive determination of diagnosis, risk and prognosis for PH. Acknowledgement
Author: Grünig E, Peacock AJ
Journal: European respiratory review: an official journal of the European Respiratory Society.
Publisher: ERS publications
http://err.ersjournals.com/content/24/138/653.long
| 3 | | R370.00 | |
| | Standard of care and guidelines in prevention and diagnosis of venous thromboembolism: medico-legal implications. | Standard of care and guidelines in prevention and diagnosis of venous thromboembolism: medico-legal implications.
Standard of care and guidelines in prevention and diagnosis of venous thromboembolism: medico-legal implications.
Overview
Concerning recent Italian laws and jurisprudential statements, guidelines application involves several difficulties in clinical practice, regarding prevention, diagnosis and therapy of venous thromboembolism. International scientific community systematically developed statements about this disease in order to optimize the available resources in prophylaxis, diagnosis and therapy. Incongruous prevention, missed or delayed diagnosis and/or inadequate treatment of this disease can frequently give rise to medico-legal litigation. Acknowledgement
Author: Vassalini M, Verzeletti A, De Ferrari F
Journal: Monaldi archives for chest disease
Publisher: PIME Editrice
http://www.monaldi-archives.org/index.php/macd/article/view/25/728
| 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | Medical Tourism. | Medical Tourism.
Overview
BACKGROUND: Medical tourism is a burgeoning industry in our region. It involves patients travelling outside of their home country for medical treatment. OBJECTIVE:
This article provides an outline of the current research around medical tourism, especially its impact on Australians. DISCUSSION:
Patients are increasingly seeking a variety of medical treatments abroad, particularly those involving cosmetic surgery and dental treatment, often in countries in South-East Asia. Adverse events may occur during medical treatment abroad, which raises medico-legal and insurance issues, as well as concerns regarding follow-up of patients. General practitioners need to be prepared to offer advice, including travel health advice, to patients seeking medical treatment abroad Acknowledgement
Author: Leggat P
Journal: Australian family physician.
Publisher: Focus Environmental
| 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | Injury-related mortality in South Africa: a retrospective descriptive study of postmortem investigations. | Injury-related mortality in South Africa: a retrospective descriptive study of postmortem investigations.
Injury-related mortality in South Africa: a retrospective descriptive study of postmortem investigations.
Overview
Objective: To investigate injury-related mortality in South Africa using a nationally representative sample and compare the results with previous estimates.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of medico-legal postmortem investigation data from mortuaries using a multistage random sample, stratified by urban and non-urban areas and mortuary size. We calculated age-specific and age-standardized mortality rates for external causes of death.
Findings: Postmortem reports revealed 52,493 injury-related deaths in 2009 (95% confidence interval, CI: 46,930-58,057). Almost half (25,499) were intentionally inflicted. Age-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 population were as follows: all injuries: 109.0 (95% CI: 97.1-121.0); homicide 38.4 (95% CI: 33.8-43.0; suicide 13.4 (95% CI: 11.6-15.2) and road-traffic injury 36.1 (95% CI: 30.9-41.3). Using postmortem reports, we found more than three times as many deaths from homicide and road-traffic injury than had been recorded by vital registration for this period. The homicide rate was similar to the estimate for South Africa from a global analysis, but road-traffic and suicide rates were almost fourfold higher.
Conclusion: This is the first nationally representative sample of injury-related mortality in South Africa. It provides more accurate estimates and cause-specific profiles that are not available from other sources.
Acknowledgement
Author: Matzopoulos R, Prinsloo M, Pillay-van Wyk V, Gwebushe N, Mathews S, Martin LJ, Laubscher R, Abrahams N, Msemburi W, Lombard C, Bradshaw D
Journal: Bulletin of the World Health Organization
Publisher: Bulletin of the World Health Organization
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4431514/pdf/BLT.14.145771.pdf
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Suicide in Pretoria: A retrospective review, 2007 - 2010. | Suicide in Pretoria: A retrospective review, 2007 - 2010.
Suicide in Pretoria: A retrospective review, 2007 - 2010.
Overview
Background: The World Health Organization has declared suicide a global ealth crisis, predicting that ~1.53 million people will commit suicide annually by 2020. Obejective:
A study from South Africa reviewed 1 018 suicide cases in Pretoria over 4 years (1997 - 2000). Our study was undertaken to establish whether there have been substantial changes in the profile of suicide victims who died in Pretoria a decade later. Methods:
Case records at the Pretoria Medico-Legal Laboratory were reviewed retrospectively from 2007 to 2010. Results:
A total of 957 suicide cases were identified. Hanging was the most common method of suicide, followed by self-inflicted firearm injury. The true incidence of suicidal intake of prescription drugs/medication was difficult to determine, because of a backlog at the state toxicology laboratories. White males and females appeared to be over-represented among suicide victims, but there has been an increase in suicide among blacks. There seems to have been a substantial decrease in the use of firearms to commit suicide - possibly reflecting a positive outcome of gun control legislation that has been introduced in the interim. Conclusion: Suicide continues to constitute almost 10% of all fatalities admitted to the Pretoria Medico-Legal Laboratory, confirming suicide as a major cause of mortality in our society. Further research is needed to clarify the profile of suicidal deaths, with a view to informing resource allocation and to improve preventive strategies Acknowledgement
Author: Engelbrecht C, Blumenthal R, Morris NK, Saayman G
Journal: South African medical journal.
Publisher: SAMJ Research
http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/12015/8182
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Teenage pregnancy: a psychopathological risk for mothers and babies? | Teenage pregnancy: a psychopathological risk for mothers and babies?
Teenage pregnancy: a psychopathological risk for mothers and babies?
Overview
Introduction: Teen pregnancy remains a public health problem of varying importance in developing and developed countries. There are risks and consequences for teen parents and the child on the medical and socioeconomic level. Method:
We conducted a literature search on multiple databases, focusing on the risk and the consequences of teen pregnancy and childbearing. We used different combined keywords as teen pregnancy, teen mother, teenage parents, teenage childbearing, teenage mother depression. Our search included different type of journals to have access on different views (medical, psychological, epidemiologic). Results:
The teen mothers are more at risk for postnatal depression, school dropout and bad socioeconomic status. The babies and children are more at risk for prematurity and low birthweight and later for developmental delays and behavior disorders. Conclusion:
Pregnancy in adolescence should be supported in an interdisciplinary way (gynecologist, psychologist, child psychiatrist, midwives, pediatrician). We need further studies that allow targeting patients most at risk and personalizing maximum support. Acknowledgement
Author: Goossens G, Kadji C, Delvenne V
Journal: Psychiatria Danubina
Publisher: Medicinska naklada - Zagreb, Croatia
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/497f/6589d9e6821595fce5b9f486c47e62756df1.pdf
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Sensitivity of plain radiography for pediatric cervical spine injury. | Sensitivity of plain radiography for pediatric cervical spine injury.
Sensitivity of plain radiography for pediatric cervical spine injury.
Overview
Pediatric patients with suspected cervical spine injuries (CSI) often receive a computed tomography (CT) scan as an initial diagnostic imaging test. While sensitive, CT of the cervical spine carries significant radiation and risk of lethal malignant transformation later in life. Plain radiographs carry significantly less radiation and could serve as the preferred screening tool, provided they have a high functional sensitivity in detecting pediatric patients with CSI. We hypothesize that plain cervical spine radiographs can reliably detect pediatric patients with CSI and seek to quantify the functional sensitivity of plain radiography as compared to CT. We analyzed data from the NEXUS cervical spine study to assess the sensitivity of plain radiographs in the evaluation of CSI. We identified all pediatric patients who underwent plain radiographic imaging, and all pediatric patients found to have CSI. We then determined the sensitivity of plain radiographs in detecting pediatric patients with CSI. We identified 44 pediatric patients with CSI in the dataset with age ranging from 2 to 18 years old. Plain radiography was highly sensitive for the identification of CSI in our cohort of pediatric patients and is useful as a screening tool in the evaluation of pediatric CSI. Acknowledgement
Author: Cui LW, Probst MA, Hoffman JR, Mower WR
Journal: Emergency Radiology
Publisher: Springer
https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt95p3x9hg/qt95p3x9hg.pdf?t=odi6kh&v=lg
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Satisfaction of Search in Chest Radiography 2015. | Satisfaction of Search in Chest Radiography 2015.
Satisfaction of Search in Chest Radiography 2015.
Overview Rationale and Objectives:
Two decades have passed since the publication of laboratory studies of satisfaction of search (SOS) in chest radiography. Those studies were performed using film. The current investigation tests for SOS effects in computed radiography of the chest. Methods:
Sixty-four chest computed radiographs half demonstrating various "test" abnormalities were read twice by 20 radiologists, once with and once without the addition of a simulated pulmonary nodule. Receiver-operating characteristic detection accuracy and decision thresholds were analyzed to study the effects of adding the nodule on detecting the test abnormalities. Results of previous studies were reanalyzed using similar modern techniques. Results:
In the present study, adding nodules did not influence detection accuracy for the other abnormalities, but did induce a reluctance to report them. Adding nodules did not affect inspection time so the reluctance to report was not associated with reduced search. Reanalysis revealed a similar decision threshold shift that had not been recognized in the early studies of SOS in chest radiography in addition to reduced detection accuracy. Conclusions:
The nature of SOS in chest radiography has changed, but it is not clear why. Advances in knowledge: SOS may be changing as a function of changes in radiology education and practice. Acknowledgement
Author: Berbaum KS, Krupinski EA, Schartz KM, Caldwell RT, Madsen MT, Hur S, Laroia AT, Thompson BH, Mullan BF, Franken EA Jr
Journal: Academic Radiology
Publisher: HHS Public Access
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4609286/pdf/nihms715330.pdf
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | The origins of belonging: social motivation in infants and young children. | The origins of belonging: social motivation in infants and young children.
The origins of belonging: social motivation in infants and young children.
Overview
Our reliance on our group members has exerted a profound influence over our motivation: successful group functioning requires that we are motivated to interact, and engage, with those around us. In other words, we need to belong. In this article, I explore the developmental origins of our need to belong. I discuss existing evidence that, from early in development, children seek to affiliate with others and to form long-lasting bonds with their group members. Furthermore, when children are deprived of a sense of belonging, it has negative consequences for their well-being. This focus on social motivation enables us to examine why and in what circumstances children engage in particular behaviours. It thus provides an important complement to research on social cognition. In doing so, it opens up important questions for future research and provides a much-needed bridge between developmental and social psychology. Acknowledgement
Author: Over H
Journal: Philosphical transactions of the Royal Society of London.
Publisher: CrossMark
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4685518/pdf/rstb20150072.pdf
| 3 | | R370.00 | |
| | Walking on thin ice! Identifying methamphetamine “drug mules” on digital plain radiography. | Walking on thin ice! Identifying methamphetamine “drug mules” on digital plain radiography.
Walking on thin ice! Identifying methamphetamine “drug mules” on digital plain radiography.
Overview
Objective: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of identifying methamphetamine (MA) internal payloads in “drug mules” by plain abdominal digital radiography (DR). Methods:
The study consisted of 35 individuals suspected of internal MA drug containers. A total of 59 supine digital radiographs were collected. The gold standard was the presence of secured drug packs in the faeces. Results:
There were 16 true-positive “drug mules” identified. DR of all drug carriers for Group 1 exhibited a sensitivity of 100%, a mean specificity of 76.3%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 78.5%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% and a mean accuracy 87.2%. Group 2 showed a lower sensitivity (93.7%), a mean specificity of 86%, a PPV of 86.5%, an NPV of 94.1% and a mean accuracy of 89.5%. Conclusion:
DR is a valuable screening tool in cases of MA body packers with huge internal payloads being associated with a high diagnostic insecurity. Diagnostic insecurity on plain films may be overcome by low-dose CT as a cross-sectional imaging modality. Advances in knowledge: Diagnostic signs (double-condom and halo signs) on digital plain radiography are specific in MA “drug mules”, although DR is associated with high diagnostic insecurity and underreports the total internal payload. Acknowledgement
Author: Abdul Rashid SN, Mohamad Saini SB, Abdul Hamid S, Muhammad SJ, Mahmud R, Thali MJ, Flach PM
Journal: The British Journal of Radiology
Publisher: British Institute of Radiology
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4067014/pdf/bjr.20130472.pdf
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | The role of computed tomography in the diagnosis of acute and chronic pulmonary embolism. | The role of computed tomography in the diagnosis of acute and chronic pulmonary embolism.
The role of computed tomography in the diagnosis of acute and chronic pulmonary embolism.
Overview
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially life threatening condition requiring adequate diagnosis and treatment. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is excellent for including and excluding PE, therefore CT is the first-choice diagnostic imaging technique in patients suspected of having acute PE. Due to its wide availability and low invasiveness, CTPA tends to be overused. Correct implementation of clinical decision rules in diagnostic workup for PE improves adequate use of CT. Also, CT adds prognostic value by evaluating right ventricular (RV) function. CT-assessed RV dysfunction and to lesser extent central emboli location predicts PE-related mortality in normotensive and hypotensive patients, while PE embolic obstruction index has limited prognostic value. Simple RV/left ventricular (LV) diameter ratio measures >1.0 already predict risk for adverse outcome, whereas ratios <1.0 can safely exclude adverse outcome. Consequently, assessing the RV/LV diameter ratio may help identify patients who are potential candidates for treatment at home instead of treatment in the hospital. A minority of patients develop chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) following acute PE, which is a life-threatening condition that can be diagnosed by CT. In proximal CTEPH, involving the more central pulmonary arteries, thrombectomy usually results in good outcome in terms of both functional status and long-term survival rate. CT is becoming the imaging method of choice for diagnosing CTEPH as it can identify patients who may benefit from thrombectomy. New CT developments such as distensibility measurements and dual-energy or subtraction techniques may further refine diagnosis and prognosis for improved patient care. Acknowledgement
Author: Dogan H, de Roos A, Geleijins J, Huisman MV, Kroft LJ
Journal: Diagnostic and interventional radiology (Ankara, Turkey)
Publisher: Turkish Society of Radiology
http://www.dirjournal.org/sayilar/77/buyuk/307-3161.pdf
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | There are things that we know that we know, and there are things that we do not know we do not know: Confidence in decision-making. | There are things that we know that we know, and there are things that we do not know we do not know: Confidence in decision-making.
There are things that we know that we know, and there are things that we do not know we do not know: Confidence in decision-making.
Overview
Metacognition, the ability to think about our own thoughts, is a fundamental component of our mental life and is involved in memory, learning, planning and decision-making. Here we focus on one aspect of metacognition, namely confidence in perceptual decisions. We review the literature in psychophysics, neuropsychology and neuroscience. Although still a very new field, several recent studies suggest there are specific brain circuits devoted to monitoring and reporting confidence, whereas others suggest that confidence information is encoded within decision-making circuits. We provide suggestions, based on interdisciplinary research, to disentangle these disparate results. Acknowledgement
Author: Grimaldi P, Lau H, Basso MA
Journal: Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews.
Publisher: Department of Health and Human Services.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4501881/pdf/nihms-692179.pdf
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Dental needs of psychiatric patient with eating disorders. | Dental needs of psychiatric patient with eating disorders.
Dental needs of psychiatric patient with eating disorders.
Overview
Aim: Aim of this study is to determine the dental care needs of patients with eating disorders and the need of interdisciplinary collaboration of psychiatrists, psychologists and dentists. This gives the opportunity to complete diagnosis and treatment. Methods:
In this study, 40 daily treated psychiatric patients were examined. Patients with diagnoses of chapters F4.xx, F5x.x, F6x.x ICD-10, were included in the study. During a stomatological consultation detailed clinical examination was conducted, including oral health index - API. Swabs were taken for microbiological examination - bacteriological and mycological. Each patient was assigned for X-ray picture. Results: Among the patients many had poor oral hygiene, tooth enamel erosion, frequent oral infections both fungal and bacterial were present. All patients required dental treatment. In several cases there were severe symptoms in the form of large enamel erosion, and numerous chronic periapical inflammation requiring rapid intervention. Conclusions:
Dental needs of patients with eating disorders are enormous and these patients often require immediate dental treatment. Interdisciplinary diagnosis and treatment provides complete picture of the patient's problems and the possibility of full recovery. Acknowledgement
Author: Szupiany T, Pytko-Polonczyk J, Rutkowski K
Journal: Psychiatria polska
Publisher: Unknown
http://www.psychiatriapolska.pl/uploads/onlinefirst/ENGverSzupiany_PsychiatrPolOnlineFirstNr7.pdf
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Procedural Metacognition and False Belief Understanding in 3- to 5-Year-Old Children. | Procedural Metacognition and False Belief Understanding in 3- to 5-Year-Old Children.
Procedural Metacognition and False Belief Understanding in 3- to 5-Year-Old Children.
Overview
Some studies, so far limited in number, suggest the existence of procedural metacognition in young children, that is, the practical capacity to monitor and control one's own cognitive activity in a given task. The link between procedural metacognition and false belief understanding is currently under theoretical discussion. If data with primates seem to indicate that procedural metacognition and false belief understanding are not related, no study in developmental psychology has investigated this relation in young children. The present paper aims, first, to supplement the findings concerning young children's abilities to monitor and control their uncertainty (procedural metacognition) and, second, to explore the relation between procedural metacognition and false belief understanding. To examine this, 82 3- to 5-year-old children were presented with an opt-out task and with 3 false belief tasks. Results show that children can rely on procedural metacognition to evaluate their perceptual access to information, and that success in false belief tasks does not seem related to success in the task we used to evaluate procedural metacognition. These results are coherent with a procedural view of metacognition, and are discussed in the light of recent data from primatology and developmental psychology. Acknowledgement
Author: Bernard S, Proust J, Clément F
Journal: PLoS One.
Publisher: PLoS One.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4627761/pdf/pone.0141321.pdf
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | No Value for Routine Chest Radiography in the Work-Up of Early Stage Cervical Cancer Patients. | No Value for Routine Chest Radiography in the Work-Up of Early Stage Cervical Cancer Patients.
No Value for Routine Chest Radiography in the Work-Up of Early Stage Cervical Cancer Patients.
Overview Aim: Evidence supporting the recommendation to include chest radiography in the work-up of all cervical cancer patients is limited. We investigated the diagnostic value of routine chest radiography in cervical cancer staging. Methods:
All consecutive cervical cancer patients who presented at our tertiary referral centre in the Netherlands and for whom =6 months follow-up was available, were included. As part of the staging procedure, patients underwent a routine two-directional digital chest radiograph. Findings were compared to imaging studies and histology obtained during the 6 months following radiography. Results: Of the 402 women who presented with cervical cancer, 288 underwent chest radiography and had =6 months follow-up. Early clinical stage (I/II) cervical cancer was present in 244/288 women, while 44 presented with advanced disease (stage III/IV). The chest radiograph of 1 woman - with advanced pre-radiograph stage (IVA) disease - showed findings consistent with pulmonary metastases. Radiographs of 7 other women - 4 early, 3 advanced stage disease - were suspicious for pulmonary metastases, which was confirmed by additional imaging in only 1 woman (with pre-radiograph advanced stage (IIIB) disease) and excluded in 6 cases, including all women with early stage disease. Conclusion:
Routine chest radiography was of no value for any of the early stage cervical cancer patients presenting at our tertiary centre. Acknowledgement
Author: Hoogendam JP, Zweemer RP, Verkooijen HM, de Jong PA, van den Bosch MA, Verheijen RH, Veldhuis WB
Journal: PloS one Publisher: Public Library of Science
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4489900/pdf/pone.0131899.pdf
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Significance Of Biofilms In Dentistry. | Significance Of Biofilms In Dentistry.
Significance Of Biofilms In Dentistry.
Overview
In the past decades significant scientific progress has taken place in the knowledge about biofilms. They constitute multilayer conglomerates of bacteria and fungi, surrounded by carbohydrates which they produce, as well as substances derived from saliva and gingival fluid. Modern techniques showed significant diversity of the biofilm environment and a system of microbial communication (quorum sensing), enhancing their survival. At present it is believed that the majority of infections, particularly chronic with exacerbations, are a result of biofilm formation, particularly in the presence of biomaterials. It should be emphasised that penetration of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents into deeper layers of a biofilm is poor, causing therapeutic problems and necessitating sometimes removal of the implant or prosthesis. Biofilms play an increasing role in dentistry as a result of more and more broad use in dental practice of plastic and implantable materials.
Biofilms are produced on the surfaces of teeth as dental plaque, in the para-nasal sinuses, on prostheses, dental implants, as well as in waterlines of a dental unit, constituting a particular risk for severely immunocompromised patients. New methods of therapy and prevention of infections linked to biofilms are under development. Acknowledgement
Author: Wróblewska M, Struzycka I, Mierzwinska-Nastalska E
Journal: Przeglad epidemiologiczny
Publisher: National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene
| 3 | | R370.00 | |
| | Education About Dental Hygienists' Roles in Public Dental Prevention Programs: Dental and Dental Hygiene Students' and Faculty Members' and Dental Hygienists' Perspectives. | Education About Dental Hygienists' Roles in Public Dental Prevention Programs: Dental and Dental Hygiene Students' and Faculty Members' and Dental Hygienists' Perspectives.
Education About Dental Hygienists' Roles in Public Dental Prevention Programs: Dental and Dental Hygiene Students' and Faculty Members' and Dental Hygienists' Perspectives.
Overview
In 2005, Public Act No. 161 was passed in Michigan, allowing dental hygienists to practice in approved public dental prevention programs to provide services for underserved populations while utilizing a collaborative agreement with a supervising dentist.
The aims of this study were to assess how well dental and dental hygiene students and faculty members and practicing dental hygienists have been educated about PA 161, what attitudes and knowledge about the act they have, and how interested they are in additional education about it. University of Michigan dental and dental hygiene students and faculty members, students in other Michigan dental hygiene programs, and dental hygienists in the state were surveyed.
The results showed that the dental students were less educated about PA 161 than the dental hygiene students, and the dental faculty members were less informed than the dental hygiene faculty members and dental hygienists. Responding dental hygiene faculty members and dental hygienists had more positive attitudes about PA 161 than did the students and dental faculty members. Most of the dental hygiene faculty members and dental hygienists knew a person providing services in a PA 161 program. Most dental hygiene students, faculty members, and dental hygienists wanted more education about PA 161.
Overall, the better educated about the program the respondents were, the more positive their attitudes, and the more interested they were in learning more.
Acknowledgement Author: Pervez A, Kinney JS, Gwozdek A, Farrell CM, Inglehart MR
Journal: Journal of dental education
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Detecting and Treating Occlusal Caries Lesions: A cost-effectiveness analysis. | Detecting and Treating Occlusal Caries Lesions: A cost-effectiveness analysis.
Detecting and Treating Occlusal Caries Lesions: A cost-effectiveness analysis.
Overview
The health gains and costs resulting from using different caries detection strategies might not only depend on the accuracy of the used method but also the treatment emanating from its use in different populations. We compared combinations of visual-tactile, radiographic, or laser-fluorescence-based detection methods with 1 of 3 treatments (non-, micro-, and invasive treatment) initiated at different cutoffs (treating all or only dentinal lesions) in populations with low or high caries prevalence.
Radiographic and fluorescence-based methods led to more over treatments, especially in populations with low prevalence. For the latter, combining visual-tactile or radiographic detection with microinvasive treatment retained teeth longest (mean 66 y) at lowest costs (329 and 332 Euro, respectively), while combining radiographic or fluorescence-based detections with invasive treatment was the least cost-effective (<60 y, >700 Euro). In populations with high prevalence, combining radiographic detection with microinvasive treatment was most cost-effective (63 y, 528 Euro), while sensitive detection methods combined with invasive treatments were again the least cost-effective (<59 y, >690 Euro).
The suitability of detection methods differed significantly between populations, and the cost-effectiveness was greatly influenced by the treatment initiated after lesion detection. The accuracy of a detection method relative to a "gold standard" did not automatically convey into better health or reduced costs. Detection methods should be evaluated not only against their criterion validity but also the long-term effects resulting from their use in different populations. Acknowledgement
Author: Schwendicke F, Stolpe M, Meyer-Lueckel H, Paris S
Journal: Journal of dental research
Publisher: International & American Associations for Dental Research 2014
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Dental students' ability to detect and diagnose oral mucosal lesions. | Dental students' ability to detect and diagnose oral mucosal lesions.
Dental students' ability to detect and diagnose oral mucosal lesions.
Overview
The aim of this study was to assess the ability of dental students in the screening clinic of the Kuwait University Dental Center to detect and diagnose oral mucosal lesions. Clinical examinations performed by dental students between January 2009 and February 2011 were included. All their findings regarding the oral mucosal lesions and dental carious lesions detected were recorded, after which the patients were re-examined by faculty examiners. The students rated their own ability to detect mucosal and carious lesions before each examination.
Among the 341 patients screened, 375 oral mucosal lesions were found by the faculty examiners. Of those, the students detected 178 (47.5%). Out of the 375 lesions, including the ones they failed to detect, the students diagnosed 272 (72.5%) correctly. The students were more likely (p=0.01) to correctly diagnose a mucosal lesion when they themselves had detected it (n=169/178) than when they failed to detect it and had it subsequently pointed out by the faculty examiners (n=103/197). The students were more competent in detecting carious lesions (p=0.001) than in detecting mucosal lesions. A significantly higher proportion of students who felt confident in detecting mucosal lesions were actually more competent in detecting the lesions than those who were not confident (p=0.001).
Further educational strategies are needed to motivate Kuwait University dental students to develop the knowledge, skills, and judgment necessary to integrate a complete intraoral examination into their routine practice. Acknowledgement
Author: Ali MA, Joseph BK, Sundaram DB
Journal: Journal of dental education
Publisher: Journal of dental education
URL: http://www.jdentaled.org/content/79/2/140.full.pdf+html
| 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | Evaluation of Toothbrush Disinfection Via Different Methods. | Evaluation of Toothbrush Disinfection Via Different Methods.
Evaluation of Toothbrush Disinfection Via Different Methods.
Overview
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of using a dishwasher or different chemical agents, including 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), a mouth rinse containing essential oils and alcohol, and 50% white vinegar, for toothbrush disinfection. Sixty volunteers were divided into five experimental groups and one control group (n = 10). Participants brushed their teeth using toothbrushes with standard bristles, and they disinfected the toothbrushes according to instructed methods.
Bacterial contamination of the toothbrushes was compared between the experimental groups and the control group. Data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis and Duncan's multiple range tests, with 95% confidence intervals for multiple comparisons. Bacterial contamination of toothbrushes from individuals in the experimental groups differed from those in the control group (p < 0.05). The most effective method for elimination of all tested bacterial species was 50% white vinegar, followed in order by 2% NaOCl, mouth rinse containing essential oils and alcohol, 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, dishwasher use, and tap water (control).
The results of this study show that the most effective method for disinfecting toothbrushes was submersion in 50% white vinegar, which is cost-effective, easy to access, and appropriate for household use. Acknowledgement
Author: Basman A, Peker I, Akca G, Alkurt MT, Sarikir C, Celik I
Journal: Brazilian oral research
Publisher: Original research infection control
| 3 | | R375.00 | |
| | Imaging of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. | Imaging of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease.
Imaging of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease.
Overview
Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) is a common and clinically heterogeneous form of arthritis caused by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals in articular tissues. The diagnosis of CPPD is supported by the presence of radiographic chondrocalcinosis; yet, conventional radiography detects only about 40 % of clinically important CPPD. Here, we critically review the recent literature on imaging in CPPD. New studies inform our use of conventional radiographic screening methodologies for CPPD and provide additional evidence for the utility of diagnostic ultrasound. Recent work also highlights the polyarticular nature of CPPD, its association with tissue damage, and the high prevalence of tendon involvement. While dual energy CT and diffraction-enhanced synchrotron imaging remain research tools, they present potential avenues for improved visualization of CPP deposits. Advances in imaging in CPPD will increase diagnostic accuracy and eventually result in better management of this common form of arthritis. Acknowledgement
Author: Miksanek J, Rosenthal AK
Journal: Current Rheumatology Reports
Publisher: Springer https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5471493/pdf/nihms861811.pdf
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Denial of abortion in legal settings. | Denial of abortion in legal settings.
Denial of abortion in legal settings.
Overview
Background: Factors such as poverty, stigma, lack of knowledge about the legal status of abortion, and geographical distance from a provider may prevent women from accessing safe abortion services, even where abortion is legal. Data on the consequences of abortion denial outside of the US, however, are scarce. Methods: In this article we present data from studies among women seeking legal abortion services in four countries (Colombia, Nepal, South Africa and Tunisia) to assess sociodemographic characteristics of legal abortion seekers, as well as the frequency and reasons that women are denied abortion care. Results: The proportion of women denied abortion services and the reasons for which they were denied varied widely by country. In Colombia, 2% of women surveyed did not receive the abortions they were seeking; in South Africa, 45% of women did not receive abortions on the day they were seeking abortion services. In both Tunisia and Nepal, 26% of women were denied their wanted abortions. Conclusions: The denial of legal abortion services may have serious consequences for women's health and wellbeing. Additional evidence on the risk factors for presenting later in pregnancy, predictors of seeking unsafe illegal abortion, and the health consequences of illegal abortion and childbirth after an unwanted pregnancy is needed. Such data would assist the development of programmes and policies aimed at increasing access to and utilisation of safe abortion services where abortion is legal, and harm reduction models for women who are unable to access legal abortion services.
Acknowledgement Author:
Gerdts C, DePiñeres T, Hajri S, Harries J, Hossain A, Puri M, Vohra D, Foster DG Journal:
The journal of family planning and reproductive health care. Publisher:
BMJ Publishing Group Limited
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Correlation of the clinical and physical image quality in chest radiography for average adults with a computed radiography imaging system. | Correlation of the clinical and physical image quality in chest radiography for average adults with a computed radiography imaging system.
Correlation of the clinical and physical image quality in chest radiography for average adults with a computed radiography imaging system.
Overview
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between the quality of visually graded patient (clinical) chest images and a quantitative assessment of chest phantom (physical) images acquired with a computed radiography (CR) imaging system. Methods: The results of a previously published study, in which four experienced image evaluators graded computer-simulated posteroanterior chest images using a visual grading analysis scoring (VGAS) scheme, were used for the clinical image quality measurement. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and effective dose efficiency (eDE) were used as physical image quality metrics measured in a uniform chest phantom. Results: Clinical and physical image quality metrics increased with decreasing tube voltage. Statistically significant correlations between VGAS and CNR (R50.87, p,0.033) and eDE (R50.77, p,0.008) were observed. Conclusion: Medical physics experts may use the physical image quality metrics described here in quality assurance programmes and optimisation studies with a degree of confidence that they reflect the clinical image quality in chest CR images acquired without an anti-scatter grid. Advances in knowledge: A statistically significant correlation has been found between the clinical and physical image quality in CR chest imaging. The results support the value of using CNR and eDE in the evaluation of quality in clinical thorax radiography. Acknowledgement Author: Moore CS, Wood TJ, Beavis AW, Saunderson JR Journal:The British Journal of Radiology Publisher:British Institute of Radiology
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Diagnostic Imaging of Acute Abdominal Pain in Adults. | Diagnostic Imaging of Acute Abdominal Pain in Adults.
Diagnostic Imaging of Acute Abdominal Pain in Adults.
Overview
Acute abdominal pain is a common presentation in the outpatient setting and can represent conditions ranging from benign to life-threatening. If the patient history, physical examination, and laboratory testing do not identify an underlying cause of pain and if serious pathology remains a clinical concern, diagnostic imaging is indicated. The American College of Radiology has developed clinical guidelines, the Appropriateness Criteria, based on the location of abdominal pain to help physicians choose the most appropriate imaging study. Ultrasonography is the initial imaging test of choice for patients presenting with right upper quadrant pain. Computed tomography (CT) is recommended for evaluating right or left lower quadrant pain. Conventional radiography has limited diagnostic value in the assessment of most patients with abdominal pain. The widespread use of CT raises concerns about patient exposure to ionizing radiation. Strategies to reduce expo¬sure are currently being studied, such as using ultrasonography as an initial study for suspected appendicitis before obtaining CT and using low-dose CT rather than standard-dose CT. Magnetic reso¬nance imaging is another emerging technique for the evaluation of abdominal pain that avoids ionizing radiation. Acknowledgement Author: Cartwright SL, Knudson MP Journal: American Family Physician Publisher: American Academy of Family Physicians
| 3 | | R350.00 | |
| | Attitudes toward Substance Abuse Clients: An Empirical Study of Clinical Psychology Trainees. | Attitudes toward Substance Abuse Clients: An Empirical Study of Clinical Psychology Trainees.
Attitudes toward Substance Abuse Clients: An Empirical Study of Clinical Psychology Trainees.
Overview
Despite the high prevalence of substance use disorder (SUD) and its frequent comorbidity with mental illness, individuals with SUD are less likely to receive effective SUD treatment from mental health practitioners than SUD counselors. Limited competence and interest in treating this clinical population are likely influenced by a lack of formal training in SUD treatment. Using a factorial survey-vignette design that included three clinical vignettes and a supplementary survey instrument, we investigated whether clinical psychology doctoral students differ in their level of negative emotional reactions toward clients with SUD versus major depressive disorder (MDD); whether they differ in their attributions for SUD versus MDD; and how their negative emotional reactions and attributions impact their interest in pursuing SUD clinical work. Participants were 155 clinical psychology graduate-level doctoral students (72% female). Participants endorsed more negative emotional reactions toward clients with SUD than toward clients with MDD. They were also more likely to identify poor willpower as the cause for SUD than for MDD. More than a third reported interest in working with SUD populations. Highest levels of interest were associated with prior professional and personal experience with SUD, four to six years of clinical experience, and postmodern theoretical orientation. Acknowledgement Author: Mundon CR, Anderson ML, Najavits LM Journal: Journal of psychoactive drugs. Publisher: Department of Health and Human Services.
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Association between nutrient adequacy and psychosocial factors with overall rate of weight loss after bariatric surgery. | Association between nutrient adequacy and psychosocial factors with overall rate of weight loss after bariatric surgery.
Association between nutrient adequacy and psychosocial factors with overall rate of weight loss after bariatric surgery.
Overview
This was a cross-sectional study that investigated the relationship between nutrient intake and psychosocial factors with the overall rate of weight loss after bariatric surgery among patients who had undergone sleeve gastrectomy in University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). Forty-three subjects (15 men and 28 women) were recruited for this study. Subjects completed assessment questionnaires including the Binge Eating Scale (BES), Beck Depression Inventory (BECK), Family Support Questionnaires, and the Index of Peer Relation (IPR). Results showed that the median overall rate of weight loss was 4.3±5.5 kg/month, which was lower when compared to the rate of weight loss at three months which was 5.0±5.6 kg/month. Pre-operative weight was the predictor of overall rate of weight loss (p<0.05, R²=0.52). Binge eating disorder (BED) and depression were also closely associated with each other after bariatric surgery (p<0.001, R²=0.46). Subjects with good compliance to dietary advice had lower scores on the binge eating scale. The mean caloric and protein intake was very low, only 562±310 kcal/day and 29.6±16.1 g/day. The intake of vitamin A, B-1, B-2, B-3, B-12, C, folate, and iron met the Malaysian Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI). However, the RNI for calcium, zinc, selenium, vitamin D, and vitamin E was not met. In conclusion, although bariatric surgery had many health benefits, several factors hindered weight loss after bariatric surgery. Health care professionals should closely monitor patients after bariatric surgery. Acknowledgement Authors: Vanoh D, Shahar S, Mahmood NR Journal: Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition. Publisher: Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition.
| 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | Measuring similarities between external and self-emotion evaluation in the case of assisted speech therapy of children. | Measuring similarities between external and self-emotion evaluation in the case of assisted speech therapy of children.
Measuring similarities between external and self-emotion evaluation in the case of assisted speech therapy of children.
Abstract
The emotional state of children involved in speech therapy represents an important condition for a successful intervention and, in consequence, the lack of emotional assessment is one of the most important drawbacks of computer assisted speech therapy.
In this paper, we focus on the second step of development of an automatic emotion recognition framework, that is identifying the consistency of human emotion recognition. Our research hypotheses were tested using results from an experiment involving 41 children, 3 speech and language therapists (SLT) and 3 therapeutically sequences. We developed and used an instrument to obtain data about children emotions from SLT (external emotion evaluation) and from the involved children (self-emotion evaluation). Data were processed by two different mathematical methods for checking the similarity.
The results have shown that there is a good consistency between external and self-emotional evaluations and these findings encourage us to continue our researches for adding an affective extension to our Computer Based Speech Therapy (CBST)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
AUTHORS: Ovidiu Andrei Schipor, Doina Maria Schipor, Emilia Crîsmariu JOURNAL: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences PUBLISHER: Elsevier URL: https://www.elsevier.com
| 3 | | R315.00 | |
| | Temporal processing and long-latency auditory evoked potential in stutterers. | Temporal processing and long-latency auditory evoked potential in stutterers.
Temporal processing and long-latency auditory evoked potential in stutterers.
OVERVIEW
Stuttering is a speech fluency disorder, and may be associated with neuro-audio-logical factors linked to central auditory processing, including changes in auditory processing skills and temporal resolution. To characterize the temporal processing and long-latency auditory evoked potential in stutterers and to compare them with non-stutterers.
The study included 41 right-handed subjects, aged 18---46 years, divided into two groups: stutterers (n = 20) and non-stutters (n = 21), compared according to age, education, and sex. All subjects were submitted to the duration pattern tests, random gap detection test, and long-latency auditory evoked potential.
Individuals who stutter showed poorer performance on Duration Pattern and Random Gap Detection tests when compared with fluent individuals. In the long-latency auditory evoked potential, there was a difference in the latency of N2 and P3 components; stutterers had higher latency values.
In conclusion, it was decided that stutterers have poor performance in temporal processing and higher latency values for N2 and P3 components.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
AUTHORS: Raquel Prestes, Adriana Nevesde Andrade, Renata Beatriz Fernandes Santos, Andrea Tortosa Marangoni, Ana Maria Schiefer, Daniela Gil JOURNAL: Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology PUBLISHER: Elsevier URL: https://www.elsevier.com
| 3 | | R280.00 | |
| | Simultaneous idiopathic bilateral sudden hearing loss -characteristics and response to treatment. | Simultaneous idiopathic bilateral sudden hearing loss -characteristics and response to treatment.
Simultaneous idiopathic bilateral sudden hearing loss -characteristics and response to treatment.
OVERVIEW
The aetiology of sudden hearing loss is poorly defined; however, infectious, vascular and neoplastic aetiologies are presumed to be responsible. In addition, the aetiology of bilateral sudden hearing loss is also unknown. The objective of this study is to identify the characteristics and treatment response of simultaneous bilateral sudden hearing loss.
This is a case-control study that practised in tertiary care academic centre. 132 patients with sudden hearing loss who were treated with systemic steroid and hyperbaric oxygen together were included. 26 patients had bilateral sudden hearing loss and 106 patients had unilateral sudden hearing loss. Patients were evaluated with clinical, audiological and radiological examinations and laboratory tests were done. Findings and response to treatment of the patients were compared.
In conclusion - between the groups; there was a significant difference for hearing improvement favouring unilateral sudden hearing loss
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Ferit Aki, Umur Yollu, Mehmet Yilmaz, H. Murat Yener, Marlen Mamanov, Ender Inci JOURNAL: Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology PUBLISHER: Elsevier URL: https://www.elsevier.com
| 3 | | R290.00 | |
| | Application of cervical collars – An analysis of practical skills of professional emergency medical care providers. | Application of cervical collars – An analysis of practical skills of professional emergency medical care providers.
Application of cervical collars – An analysis of practical skills of professional emergency medical care providers.
Overview:
The application of a cervical collar is a standard procedure in trauma patients in emergency medicine. It is often observed that cervical collars are applied incorrectly, resulting in reduced immobilization of the cervical spine. The objective of this study was to analyze the practical skills of trained professional rescue personnel concerning the application of cervical collars.
Within emergency medical conferences, n = 104 voluntary test subjects were asked to apply a cervical collar to a training doll, wherein each step that was performed received an evaluation. Furthermore, personal and occupational data of all study participants were collected using a questionnaire. The most common error consisted of incorrect adjustment of the size of the cervical collar (66%). No association was found between the correct application of the cervical collar and the occupational group of the test subjects (trained rescue personnel vs. emergency physicians) or the participation in certified trauma courses.
In conclusion despite pronounced subjective confidence regarding the application of cervical collars, this study allows the conclusion that there are general deficits in practical skills when cervical collars are applied. A critical assessment of the current training contents about trauma care must, therefore, be demanded.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Michael Kreinest1,2, Sarah Goller1,2, Geraldine Rauch3, Christian Frank4,2, Bernhard Gliwitzky2, Christoph G. Wölfl1,2, Stefan Matschke1, Matthias Münzberg 1,2* JOURNAL: PLOS One PUBLISHER: Public Library of Science https://www.plos.org
| 3 | | R355.00 | |
| | Ultrasonic instrumentation instruction in Canadian dental hygiene programs: Perspectives of program directors on curricular elements. | Ultrasonic instrumentation instruction in Canadian dental hygiene programs: Perspectives of program directors on curricular elements.
Ultrasonic instrumentation instruction in Canadian dental hygiene programs: Perspectives of program directors on curricular elements.
OVERVIEW This article is important to Dental Hygienists because Dental hygiene ultrasonic instrumentation education tends to be rooted in a traditional approach that underutilizes the full potential of new technology. Standardization of dental hygiene ultrasonic curricula based on current evidence would improve practice outcomes. Ongoing professional development for clinical dental hygiene educators in ultrasonic instrumentation, the articulation of clinical objectives, and the use of evaluation rubrics would enhance ultrasonic instrumentation instruction in dental hygiene programs and its clinical use by new graduates. Contemporary ultrasonic instrumentation technology has improved its clinical utility due to enhanced subgingival access, disruption of biofilm, and debridement of light deposits. However, it is unknown if dental hygiene curricula in Canada have kept pace with this progression. This study explores dental hygiene ultrasonic instrumentation curricula from program directors’ perspectives. All 40 Canadian dental hygiene program directors were invited to participate in a survey of their ultrasonic instrumentation curricula through an electronic questionnaire. While appropriate ultrasonic technology is available to dental hygiene students, there are some deficiencies in Canadian dental hygiene ultrasonic curricula, such as a lack of evidence-based, contemporary approaches to ultrasonic instrumentation instruction. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Joanna Asadoorian, PhD, RDH; Dani Botbyl, RDH; Marilyn J Goulding, MOS, RDH JOURNAL: The Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene PUBLISHER: The Canadian Dental Hygienist Associations http://www.cdha.ca
| 3 | | R300.00 | |
| | The use of immersive visualization for the control of dental anxiety during oral debridement. | The use of immersive visualization for the control of dental anxiety during oral debridement.
The use of immersive visualization for the control of dental anxiety during oral debridement.
OVERVIEW The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Immersive Visualization (IV) eyewear on anxious, adult patients during oral debridement. Thirty adult volunteers (n=23 females; n=7 males) were enrolled in the study. Participants were required to be 18 years or older and exhibit at least moderate anxiety. Individuals were excluded from participation if they presented with severe dental calculus, periodontal disease, or dental caries, were taking psychotropic drugs, had a history of convulsive disorders, vertigo, or equilibrium disorders, or required antibiotic pre-medication. Subjects received a full mouth oral prophylaxis (supra- and subgingival scaling and selective polishing) by a single experienced dental hygienist. A split mouth design was utilized whereby each subject served as their own control. Subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups: Group A used IV eyewear dur¬ing the first one-half of the appointment (right side of the mouth) and Group B used IV eyewear during the second one-half of the appointment (left side of the mouth). Results support the use of IV eyewear as an effective technique to reduce anxiety and the use of the IV eyewear was well received by all subjects. The portable, affordable and easy-to-operate IV system makes this technique an appealing approach of reducing dental anxiety. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Carmelo Padrino-Barrios, BSDH, MS; Gayle McCombs, RDH, MS; Norou Diawara, PhD; Gianluca De Leo, PhD, MBA JOURNAL: The Journal of Dental Hygiene PUBLISHER: The American Dental Hygienist’s Association URL: https://adha.cdeworld.com/
| 3 | | R315.00 | |
| | Radiation-induced thumbs carcinoma due to practicing dental X-ray. | Radiation-induced thumbs carcinoma due to practicing dental X-ray.
Radiation-induced thumbs carcinoma due to practicing dental X-ray.
OVERVIEW Radiographers were unintentionally, incautious when dealing with x-rays during the early years that followed its discovery. The reason was because of its unknown biological harmful effects. Similarly, many cases of cancer, sterility and death due to X-ray/radiation toxicity were documented during the early years of the 20th century. Dealing with diagnostic X-ray radiation may result in serious health problems, unless protection guidelines are followed. The reoccurrence of various fatal cancer cases therefore compelled the concerned health authorities to develop safety standards to be followed by all X-ray clinics and technicians worldwide. Thus, this article is basically a report that documents the clinical case of a dental radiographer, who developed thumbs carcinoma after 15 years of practicing the profession, most likely due to his neglect of the X-ray radiation protection guidelines. This case report is about a 49-year-old male working as a dental radiographer, lost his distal phalanges of both thumbs as a result of development of squamous cell carcinoma, due to neglect of the guidelines of protection related to X-ray imaging. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Esam S. Halboub, IMA Barngkgei, Osama Alsabbagh, Omar Hamadah JOURNAL: Contemporary Clinical Dentistry PUBLISHER: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow URL: http://www.medknow.com
| 3 | | R345.00 | |
| | Prevalence of dental caries, oral hygiene knowledge, status, and practices among visually impaired individuals in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. | Prevalence of dental caries, oral hygiene knowledge, status, and practices among visually impaired individuals in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
Prevalence of dental caries, oral hygiene knowledge, status, and practices among visually impaired individuals in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
OVERVIEW This course assesses the prevalence of dental caries, oral hygiene knowledge, status, and practices among visually impaired individuals in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 404 visually impaired individuals in Chennai city, Tamil Nadu. Four schools were randomly selected for conducting the study. The oral hygiene status, prevalence of caries, and knowledge and attitude towards oral care among visually impaired individuals were collected and analysed. In the present study, whilst 42% of individuals had fair oral hygiene status, 33% had good hygiene followed by 25% having poor oral hygiene. The overall mean number of DMFT was estimated to be 4.5 ± 2.7. The mean number of decayed teeth was 3.1 ± 2.2, mean number of missing teeth was 0.8 ± 1.4, and mean number of filled teeth was 0.5 ± 1.3. In conclusion, whilst oral hygiene status was found to be relatively fair, there was a high rate of dental caries among the sample population. This shows that there is lack of knowledge regarding oral health maintenance. Therefore, early identification of caries coupled with effective oral health promotion programs providing practical knowledge to visually impaired students would prove beneficial. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: James Rufus John,1 Breena Daniel,2 Dakshaini Paneerselvam,2 and Ganesh Rajendran2 JOURNAL: International Journal of Dentistry PUBLISHERS: Hindawi URL: https://www.hindawi.com
| 3 | | R325.00 | |
| | Oral Care for Pregnant Patients: A Survey of Dental Hygienists Knowledge Attitudes and Practice. | Oral Care for Pregnant Patients: A Survey of Dental Hygienists Knowledge Attitudes and Practice.
Oral Care for Pregnant Patients: A Survey of Dental Hygienists Knowledge Attitudes and Practice.
OVERVIEW Recently, research has placed emphasis on the link between poor oral health of pregnant women and premature or low birth weight babies. Also, studies concerning adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with periodontal disease found that dental treatment during pregnancy is safe. The purpose of this study was thus to examine the knowledge, attitude and practice behaviours of dental hygienists’ providing oral health care to pregnant women. The data for this study was collected from an anonymous electronic survey administered to all Michigan Dental Hygiene Association (MDHA). The participants were 1,047 and the survey asked questions which assessed dental hygienists knowledge, behaviours and attitudes when providing oral care to pregnant patients. During the study, statistical analysis was conducted correlating years in practice and years since dental hygiene degree with survey questions identify any correlations. The results of this study nonetheless indicated that regardless of years of experience, or level of degree, most of the respondents surveyed (64%) desired more education about caring for a pregnant patient. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHOR: Stacey A. Schramm, Mary E. Jacks, Thomas J. Prihoda, Martha J. McComas, Emelda E. Hernandez, JOURNAL: American Dental Hygienists’ Association PUBLISHER: ADHA URL: https://adha.cdeworld.com
| 3 | | R315.00 | |
| | Medical Legislation –Educational Needs Assessment For Dental Students. | Medical Legislation –Educational Needs Assessment For Dental Students.
Medical Legislation –Educational Needs Assessment For Dental Students.
Overview Medical malpractice is defined as any error or omission by a physician/ dentist/ nurse/ pharmacist during any medical investigation or treatment of a patient, which is not consistent with the accepted norms of practice in that medical community and causes an injury to the patient. Rationale (hypothesis): Many studies have highlighted the vulnerabilities in medical practice due to the legislation ignorance. Therefore, developing special programs for students training is needed and has become imperative. This research aimed to identify the educational needs for the 5th year students in “Carol Davila” School of Dentistry in Bucharest, related to the legislation in dentistry and its area of application. 199 students were invited to respond to a specially designed questionnaire. The questionnaire had 11 closed-response questions and the answers were statistically analyzed. The results indicated many educational needs in all the areas of investigation. “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy is the first university in Romania that created a new discipline in the School of Dentistry, called Work Organization and Legislation in Medicine and Dentistry. Acknowledgement Author: Pituru SM, Nanu A, Bucur A JOURNAL: Journal of Medicine and Life PUBLISHER: PubMed Central
| 3 | | R330.00 | |
| | Discussion Paper. Dental Hygienists and Dental Research: A Developing Scene. | Discussion Paper. Dental Hygienists and Dental Research: A Developing Scene.
Discussion Paper. Dental Hygienists and Dental Research: A Developing Scene.
Overview: The aim of this discussion paper is to appraise readers of the development of the profession of dental hygienist around the world and to detail the growing contribution of dental hygienists to research. This paper explains the rationale for educating and employing dental hygienists. It goes on to describe the trend to more academic education for dental hygienists in many countries due in part to the need for all dental hygienists to understand research methodology and to be able to appraise critically the research on which their practice is based. It discusses the reasons why dental hygienists are not employed in some countries. The paper concludes that growing numbers of dental hygienists are being employed in a growing number of countries around the world and their education is increasingly leads to a Bachelor’s degree. The importance of an understanding of research methodology and the acquisition of critical appraisal skills during dental hygiene training has been recognised by many schools of dental hygiene. Several dental hygienists are performing research, often in areas related to general as well as oral health, and are publishing in international peer-reviewed journals. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Marina Harris, Kenneth A. Eaton JOURNAL: Journal of Oral Health and Dental Management PUBLISHER: OMICS Publishing Group URL: https://www.omicsonline.org
| 3 | | R325.00 | |
| | A Review of Mercury Exposure and Health of Dental Personnel. | A Review of Mercury Exposure and Health of Dental Personnel.
A Review of Mercury Exposure and Health of Dental Personnel.
OVERVIEW Considerable effort has been made to address the issue of occupational health and environmental exposure to mercury. This review reports on the current literature of mercury exposure and health impacts on dental personnel. All original articles that evaluated an association between the use of dental amalgam and occupational mercury exposure in dental personnel were included. Fifteen publications from nine different countries met the selection criteria. The design and quality of the studies showed significant variation, particularly in the choice of biomarkers as an indicator of mercury exposure. In several countries, dental personnel had higher mercury levels in biological fluids and tissues than in control groups; some work practices increased mercury exposure but the exposure levels remained below recommended guidelines. Dental personnel reported more health conditions, often involving the central nervous system, than the control groups. Clinical symptoms reported by dental professionals may be associated with low-level, long-term exposure to occupational mercury, but may also be because of aging, occupational overuse, and stress. It is important that dental personnel, researchers, and educators continue to encourage and monitor good work practices by dental professionals. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Authors: Natasha Nagpal, Silvana S. Bettiol, Amy Isham, Ha Hoang, Leonard A. Crocombe
Journal: Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute Publisher: Elsevier
| 3 | | R350.00 | |
| | A critical Appraisal of Clinical Trials Conducted and Subsequent Drug Approvals in India and South Africa. | A critical Appraisal of Clinical Trials Conducted and Subsequent Drug Approvals in India and South Africa.
A critical Appraisal of Clinical Trials Conducted and Subsequent Drug Approvals in India and South Africa.
Overview
The drugs that are used in treating any condition, be it an innocuous cough or a life-threatening cancer are the hard work of human clinical trials. Of course, these trials are the only credible way to determine the safety and efficiency of drugs. As a matter of fact, without clinical trials, pharmaceutical research will not advance to improve disease management as well and the quality of life in human beings.
This study was therefore designed to assess the relation between the number of clinical trials conducted as well as respective new drug approvals in India and South Africa. The research was nonetheless conducted in four different settings, namely, USA, Europe, India and South Africa. The research was done though the construction and analysis of a comprehensive database of completed randomized controlled clinical trials based on clinical trials.
The results from distribution of the market application approvals between the EU/USA as well as India and South Africa revealed that out of clinical trials with the participation of test centers in India and/or South Africa, 39.6% (India) clinical trials and 60.1% (South Africa) clinical trials led to market authorization in the EU/USA without a New Drug Application (NDA) approval in India or South Africa.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Dnyanesh Limaye, Janka Marisa Langer, Tjorben Rühling, Gerhard Fortwengel JOURNAL: BMJ Journals PUBLISHERS: group.bmj.com URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/
| 3 | | R345.00 | |
| | A Review of Compressive Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow: Part 1. | A Review of Compressive Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow: Part 1.
A Review of Compressive Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow: Part 1.
Chad Robertson, BKin, and John Saratsiotis, DC.
Objective: To review the anatomy, etiology, and symptoms associated with compressive ulnar neuropathy at the elbow and to discuss the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
Data Source: The following were searched for information relevant to cubital tunnel syndrome: MEDLINE, WorldCat, and Index to Chiropractic Literature.
Results: Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common nerve compression syndrome of the upper extremity. Clinical features of this syndrome are described along with electro-diagnostic techniques that can be used to provide evidence concerning the probable location, character, and severity of the lesion affecting the ulnar nerve. Conservative treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome is recommended for patients with intermittent symptoms and without changes in cutaneous sensation or muscle atrophy.
Conclusion: A definitive diagnosis can best be made using clinical tests along with nerve conduction studies and electromyography, conservative treatment can be effective in treating this neuropathy in mild cases; in moderate or severe cases, surgery may be necessary. (J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2005;28:345.e1-345.e18)
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | A Review of Compressive Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow: Part 2. | A Review of Compressive Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow: Part 2.
A Review of Compressive Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow: Part 2.
Chad Robertson, BKin, and John Saratsiotis, DC.
Objective: To review the anatomy, etiology, and symptoms associated with compressive ulnar neuropathy at the elbow and to discuss the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
Data Source: The following were searched for information relevant to cubital tunnel syndrome: MEDLINE, WorldCat, and Index to Chiropractic Literature.
Results: Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common nerve compression syndrome of the upper extremity. Clinical features of this syndrome are described along with electrodiagnostic techniques that can be used to provide evidence concerning the probable location, character, and severity of the lesion affecting the ulnar nerve. Conservative treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome is recommended for patients with intermittent symptoms and without changes in cutaneous sensation or muscle atrophy.
Conclusion: A definitive diagnosis can best be made using clinical tests along with nerve conduction studies and electromyography, conservative treatment can be effective in treating this neuropathy in mild cases; in moderate or severe cases, surgery may be necessary. (J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2005;28:345.e1-345.e18)
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | A Review of Compressive Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow: Part 3. | A Review of Compressive Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow: Part 3.
A Review of Compressive Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow: Part 3.
Chad Robertson, BKin, and John Saratsiotis, DC.
Objective: To review the anatomy, etiology, and symptoms associated with compressive ulnar neuropathy at the elbow and to discuss the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
Data Source: The following were searched for information relevant to cubital tunnel syndrome: MEDLINE, WorldCat, and Index to Chiropractic Literature.
Results: Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common nerve compression syndrome of the upper extremity. Clinical features of this syndrome are described along with electrodiagnostic techniques that can be used to provide evidence concerning the probable location, character, and severity of the lesion affecting the ulnar nerve. Conservative treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome is recommended for patients with intermittent symptoms and without changes in cutaneous sensation or muscle atrophy.
Conclusion: A definitive diagnosis can best be made using clinical tests along with nerve conduction studies and electromyography, conservative treatment can be effective in treating this neuropathy in mild cases; in moderate or severe cases, surgery may be necessary. (J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2005;28:345.e1-345.e18)
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Ability in daily activities after early supported discharge models of stroke rehabilitation. | Ability in daily activities after early supported discharge models of stroke rehabilitation.
Ability in daily activities after early supported discharge models of stroke rehabilitation.
Overview
One of the major causes of disability in the Western world is stroke. There is also an assumption that the burden of stroke will rise in the long run because the population of elderly people is increasing fast. More so, there are currently better survivals after stroke. Thus, there is need for more knowledge about how different rehabilitation models in the municipality influence stroke survivors’ ability in activities of daily living (ADL).
The objective of this study was therefore to compare three models of outpatient rehabilitation, namely; early supported discharge (ESD) in a day unit, ESD at home and traditional treatment in the municipality (control group), regarding change in ADL ability during the first three months after stroke. The method used for this research was a group comparison study that was designed within a randomized control trial.
Results from this research indicated that there were no significant group differences in pre–post changed ADL ability measured by the AMPS. It was also concluded that more research needs to be done to find the best rehabilitation model to improve the quality of stroke survivors’ motor and process skills.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Tina Taule, Liv Inger Strand, Jörg Assmus & Jan Sture Kouen JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHERS: Taylor & Francis Group URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2015.1042403 Overview
One of the major causes of disability in the Western world is stroke. There is also an assumption that the burden of stroke will rise in the long run because the population of elderly people is increasing fast. More so, there are currently better survivals after stroke. Thus, there is need for more knowledge about how different rehabilitation models in the municipality influence stroke survivors’ ability in activities of daily living (ADL).
The objective of this study was therefore to compare three models of outpatient rehabilitation, namely; early supported discharge (ESD) in a day unit, ESD at home and traditional treatment in the municipality (control group), regarding change in ADL ability during the first three months after stroke. The method used for this research was a group comparison study that was designed within a randomized control trial.
Results from this research indicated that there were no significant group differences in pre–post changed ADL ability measured by the AMPS. It was also concluded that more research needs to be done to find the best rehabilitation model to improve the quality of stroke survivors’ motor and process skills.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Tina Taule, Liv Inger Strand, Jörg Assmus & Jan Sture Kouen JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHERS: Taylor & Francis Group URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2015.1042403
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Accuracy of chest radiography for positioning of the umbilical venous catheter. | Accuracy of chest radiography for positioning of the umbilical venous catheter.
Accuracy of chest radiography for positioning of the umbilical venous catheter.
Overview
It has become a constant challenge to the clinical team to care of increasingly younger premature infants. To this effect, an effective vascular access that is as safe as possible is of utmost importance when caring for these children. The use of the umbilical vein which was reported as far back as 1947 by Diamond constitutes a fast and easy option to obtain access to the systemic circulation.
Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the simultaneous analysis of three radiographic anatomical landmarks (diaphragm, cardiac silhouette, and vertebral bodies) in determining the position of the umbilical venous catheter distal end using echocardiography as a reference standard. The method used in this study was a cross section, observational one with the prospective inclusion of data from all neonates born in a public reference hospital, between April 2012 and September 2013.
The neonates chosen were those submitted to umbilical venous catheter insertion as part of their medical care. The results indicated that only 27.16 percent of the new bones had the catheter in optimal position, in the thoracic portion of the inferior vena cava or at the junction of the inferior vena cava with the right atrium.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Adriana F.M. Guimarãesa, Aline A.C.G. de Souza, Maria Cândida F. Bouzada, Zilda M.A. Meira JOURNAL: Journal de Pediatria PUBLISHERS: Elsevier Editora Ltda URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2016.05.004
| 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | Acute Alcohol Use and Injury Patterns in Young Adult Prehospital Patients, | Acute Alcohol Use and Injury Patterns in Young Adult Prehospital Patients,
Acute Alcohol Use and Injury Patterns in Young Adult Prehospital Patients,
Overview
Alcohol consumption has been clearly revealed by emergency department (ED) based studies to be risk factor to sustaining an injury. However, it remains unclear how acute alcohol consumption affects injury patterns to various body regions.
This study was therefore carried out to determine if acute alcohol consumption is associated with differences in injury pattern among young adult patients with traumatic injuries presenting to emergency medical services (EMS). The data for this study was a cross sectional retrospective review of prehospital patient care reports (PCRs) that evaluated injured patients who presented to a collegiate EMS agency from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2012. More so, PCRs were reviewed independently by two abstractors to determine if the patient was documented to have acutely consumed alcohol proximate to his/her injury.
Results from the findings nevertheless revealed that alcohol users were more likely to present with injury secondary to assault, fall/trip, as well as an unknown mechanism of injury.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: David J. Barton BS, Frank W. Tift MD, Lauren E. Cournoyer BS, Julie T. Vieth MBChB & Korin B. Hudson MD JOURNAL: Prehospital Emergency Care PUBLISHERS: Taylor & Francis online URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10903127.2015.1076101
| 3 | | R350.00 | |
| | Acute Effects of Breaking up Prolonged Sitting on Fatigue and Cognition. | Acute Effects of Breaking up Prolonged Sitting on Fatigue and Cognition.
Acute Effects of Breaking up Prolonged Sitting on Fatigue and Cognition.
Overview
There are many evidences that prolonged sitting has a negative effect or consequence on health. As a matter of fact, findings from previous experimental studies demonstrated that uninterrupted sitting is deleteriously associated with metabolic parameters, blood pressure and markers of haemostasis when compared to sitting that is interrupted with short bouts of physical activity.
The objective of this study was therefore to compare the acute effects of uninterrupted sitting with sitting interrupted by brief bouts of light-intensity walking on self-reported fatigue, cognition, neuroendocrine biomarkers and cardio metabolic risk markers in overweight/obese adults. The study was conducted in a laboratory in Melbourne, Australia meanwhile the design was a randomized two-condition crossover trial. The study was conducted on 19 overweight or obese adults between the ages of 45 and 75 years old.
Results from the study revealed that during the active condition, fatigue levels were lower whereas heart rates were higher compared to the sedentary condition. The conclusion was that interrupting prolonged sitting with light intensity walking breaks may be an effective fatigue counter measure acutely.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Patrik Wennberg, Carl-Johan Boraxbekk, Michael Wheeler, Bethany Howard, Paddy C Dempsey, Gavin Lambert, Nina Eikelis, Robyn Larsen, Parneet Sethi, Jessica Occleston, Jenny Hernestål- Boman, Kathryn A Ellis, Neville Owen, David W Dunstan JOURNAL: BMJ Open PUBLISHERS: BMJ URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as an Adjunct to Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy. | Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as an Adjunct to Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy.
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as an Adjunct to Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy.
OVERVIEW
Adjunctive photodynamic therapy (PDT or aPDT) is a low-power laser (diode laser, 660 to 810 nm) used in combination with a photosensitizing agent for an¬timicrobial purposes in the nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis. Mechanical therapy, including peri¬odontal debridement or scaling and root planing, has been shown to effectively reduce periodontal patho¬gens, inflammation, bleeding and probing depths, and to increase clinical attachment levels.
The effec¬tiveness of mechanical nonsurgical periodontal ther¬apy (NSPT), aimed at the reduction or elimination of periodontal pathogens and conditions which harbor them, is diminished in the presence of difficult ac¬cess including deep pockets, furcation defects and root concavities.
Many periodontal pathogens are susceptible to low-power lasers in the presence of photosensitive dyes, for example, methylene blue, toluidine blue or phenothiazine chloride. These light-activated photosensitizers are cytotoxic to microor¬ganisms associated with periodontal disease, result¬ing in cell death. Thus, aPDT has been suggested as an antimicrobial adjunct to NSPT.
The term pho¬totherapy differs from aPDT, as phototherapy refers to the use of lasers in conjunction with mechanical periodontal treatment to perform soft tissue debride¬ment or curettage as well as to reduce periodontal pathogens in the periodontal pocket.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Author: Denise M. Bowen, RDH, MS
Journal: The Journal of Dental Hygiene PUBLISHER: American Dental Hygienist Association
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Association between Early Childhood Caries, Feeding Practices and an Established Dental Home. | Association between Early Childhood Caries, Feeding Practices and an Established Dental Home.
Association between Early Childhood Caries, Feeding Practices and an Established Dental Home.
OVERVIEW
Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a significant public health concern disproportionately affecting low-income children. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between the establishment of a dental home and ECC prevalence in a group of Medicaid-enrolled preschool children, and to explore feeding practices associated with an increased prevalence of ECC in Medicaid-enrolled preschool children with an established dental home was evaluated.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among Medicaid-enrolled children between 2 and 5 years of age with an established dental home and no dental home to compare feeding practices, parental knowledge of caries risk factors and oral health status.
It was found that children with an established dental home had lower rates of biofilm (p<0.05), gingivitis (p<0.05) and mean decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) scores (p<0.05). Children with no dental home consumed more soda and juice (p<0.05) daily, and ate more sticky fruit snacks (p<0.05) than children with an established dental home. Establishment of a dental home had a strong protective effect on caries and DMFT index (odds ratio=0.22) in both univariate and confounding adjusted analyses.
The results suggest establishment of a dental home, especially among high-risk, low-income populations, decreases the prevalence of ECC and reduces the practice of cariogenic feeding behaviors
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Erin A. Kierce, RDH, MS, MPH; Linda D. Boyd, RDH, RD, EdD; Lori Rainchuso, RDH, MS; Carole A. Palmer, EdD, RD, LDN; Andrews Rothman, MS, EIT
JOURNAL: The Journal of Dental Hygiene
PUBLISHER: American Dental Hygienist Association http://www.adha.org/jdh
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Associations of Vitamin D Deficiency and Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma. | Associations of Vitamin D Deficiency and Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma.
Associations of Vitamin D Deficiency and Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with the risk of primary open-angle glaucoma.
OVERVIEW Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are known to be significantly associated with high myopia. Whether this genetic variant may impact primary open-angle glaucoma is largely unknown.
This study investigated whether vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are altered in primary open-angle glaucoma subjects carrying the risk allele, and whether vitamin D deficiency is an important factor in the development of glaucoma. Seventy-three POAG patients and 71 age-matched controls from the Han population were enrolled. Serum levels of 1a, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 were measured by enzyme-linked immune absorbent assay. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms (Cdx-2, Fok l, Bsm l and Taq l) were analyzed using real-time polymerase-chain reaction high resolution melting analysis.
The conclusion of the study showed that Vitamin D deficiency and the presence of the Bsml ‘B’ allele and the Taql ‘t’ allele are relevant risk factors in the development of glaucoma.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Yingjuan Lv, Qingbin Yao, Wenjiang Ma, Hua Liu, Jian Ji and Xiaorong Li JOURNAL: BioMed Ophthalmology PUBLISHERS: BioMed Central URL: https://www.biomedcentral.com
| 3 | | R419.00 | |
| | Body Psychotherapeutic Treatment for Anxiety Disorders. | Body Psychotherapeutic Treatment for Anxiety Disorders.
Body Psychotherapeutic Treatment for Anxiety Disorders.
Edited By: David Wilson
An introduction to the field of body psychotherapy, which aims to address anxiety by intervening at the bodily level rather than the traditional reliance on verbal talking cures. Modern attachment theory has accumulated a rich source of data based on decades of audio-visual recordings, documenting the genesis of our earliest non-verbal patterns of interpersonal relating. It is hoped that this introduction will pave the way for clinicians frustrated with the limits of the talking cure to undertake further exploration in both theory and techniques suggested by body psychotherapeutic traditions as an adjunct to their existing clinical repertoire.
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Breast cancer: Early diagnosis and effective treatment by drug delivery tracing. | Breast cancer: Early diagnosis and effective treatment by drug delivery tracing.
Breast cancer: Early diagnosis and effective treatment by drug delivery tracing.
Overview
Breast cancer, which is the most frequent kind of cancer that attacks women have become very common in all parts of the world. It attacks women, irrespective of their race and socio-economic background. As a matter of fact, breast cancer is one of the major causes of cancer related deaths among women the world over.
The conventional treatments available for breast cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, or combination therapy. However, the accurate and early non-invasive detection of malignant disease is an important factor in the treatment and prognosis of a cancer patient. It is worth mentioning that early detection will not prevent breast cancer, although it can help find when the probability of successful treatment is the greatest.
The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the significant improvement in diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy that can be achieved by developing effective approaches based on a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of tumour metabolism. One of the conclusions of the study was that molecular imaging tools including SPECT and PET are highly effective, safe and painless diagnostic imaging modality.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Mahdiyeh Shamsi, Jalil Pirayesh Islamian JOURNAL: Nuclear Medicine Review PUBLISHERS: Via Medica International URL: http://www.viamedica.com
| 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | Changes in ocular biometry and anterior chamber parameters after pharmacologic mydriasis and peripheral iridotomy in primary angle closure suspects. | Changes in ocular biometry and anterior chamber parameters after pharmacologic mydriasis and peripheral iridotomy in primary angle closure suspects.
Changes in ocular biometry and anterior chamber parameters after pharmacologic mydriasis and peripheral iridotomy in primary angle closure suspects.
Overview
One of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide is believed to be Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). It is equally believed that an estimated that 26% of 80 million glaucomatous patients will have PACG by the year 2020. Statistics also have it that approximately 10% of people who have anatomically narrow angles (Primary Angle Closure Suspects, PACS) eventually develop angle closure glaucoma.
The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the effects of pharmacologic mydriasis and Peripheral Iridotomy (PI) on ocular biometry and anterior chamber parameters in primary angle closure suspects. During the study, 21 primary angle closure suspects were enrolled. Also, intraocular pressure, refraction, ocular biometry (Lenstar, LS900), and anterior chamber parameters (Pentacam HR) were measured at four unique occasions. The study was however conducted on both eyes although only one eye per patient was randomly analyzed. The patients were aged between 53 and 67 years old.
Results from the studies nonetheless indicated that there were no significant differences in intraocular pressure, refraction, keratometry, biometric and anterior chamber parameters between groups, except for anterior chamber volume, which showed increments with PI and mydriasis
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Mohammad Reza Razeghinejad, Hamid Lashkarizadeh, Mohammad Hossein Nowroozzadeh, Mohammad Yazdanmehr JOURNAL: Journal of Optometry PUBLISHERS: Elsevier Espana, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2016.01.001
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Chiba Study of Mother and Childrens Health (C-Mach). | Chiba Study of Mother and Childrens Health (C-Mach).
Chiba Study of Mother and Childrens Health (C-Mach).
Overview
There are recent indications that dramatic changes in social and living conditions have led to an increase in allergy-related and lifestyle-related diseases as well as the emergence of mental health issues. Also, findings from Epidemiological researches that were carried out in European countries reveal that the nutritional environment from the fetal period to early childhood might affect the risks of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adulthood.
This study is therefore a birth cohort study based on the DOHaD hypothesis and involves multiomics analysis. The objective of this study was also to explore the effects of genetic and environmental factors particularly the foetal environment and post birth living environment on children’s health, and to identify potential biomarkers for these effects. The participants of this study were 433 women who were pregnant for less than 13 weeks and underwent an examination in one of the three hospitals that were used for the study.
The preliminary outcomes of the study were nevertheless obesity, endocrine and metabolic disorders, as well as developmental disorders.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Kenichi Sakurai, Hidenobu Miyaso, Akifumi Eguchi, Yoshiharu Matsuno, Midori Yamamoto, Emiko Todaka, Hideoki Fukuoka, Akira Hata, Chisato Mori JOURNAL: Bmj Open PUBLISHERS: group.bmj.com URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/
| 3 | | R340.00 | |
| | Client-Centered ADL Intervention after Stroke: Occupational Therapists Experiences. | Client-Centered ADL Intervention after Stroke: Occupational Therapists Experiences.
Client-Centered ADL Intervention after Stroke: Occupational Therapists Experiences.
Introduction: After a major life-course disruption due to stroke the person’s life-world [1] may change and it may not be possible to perform activities of daily living (ADL) as before. In the Swedish National guidelines for stroke care, [2] interventions enabling ADL are recommended in the early phases of the rehabilitation after stroke. In a client-centered ADL intervention, the clients’ perceived needs and desires [3] should be guiding the aim of the intervention and should furthermore enable the person with stroke to have activities with purpose and meaning. [4] As clients and therapists may have different perspectives the occupational therapists (OTs) need to use themselves as a therapeutic tool [5,6] in order to understand the clients’ lived experience [7] and to meet them and support the planning of the intervention. The concept of the life-world was described by Husserl [1] as the world we live in, and to study the life-world is to examine the particularities of daily life. To understand the clients’ lived experience is in line with the principles of client-centered practice, [8] which strives to meet the person’s needs and desires by involving the clients as active partners in the rehabilitation process. [9] The key concept of client-centeredness entails ‘individual autonomy and choice, partnership, therapist and client responsibility, enablement, contextual congruence, accessibility and respect for diversity’ [3]
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Clinically Meaningful Use of Blood Tumour Markers in Oncology. | Clinically Meaningful Use of Blood Tumour Markers in Oncology.
Clinically Meaningful Use of Blood Tumour Markers in Oncology.
Overview
Tumour marker (TM) traditionally refers to substances, mainly proteins that are either directly produced by malignant cells or are produced by other cells, in response to certain malignant or other non-malignant conditions. With that said, TMs can be associated with malignancies of a specific organ. For instance, prostrate surface antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer and thyroglobulin in thyroid cancer.
However, a TM like cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), can be elevated in a variety of cancers. It is worth noting that before the development of modern imaging techniques and the molecular diagnosis, tumour markers (TMs) were among the few available diagnostic tools for the management of cancer patients. This article is therefore for a review of literatures concerning the superior performance of a combination of multiple TMs as a panel for assessment, or as part of validated algorithms that also incorporate other clinical factors.
The aim of this review was therefore to provide a concise overview of the appropriate uses of both traditional and newer TMs and their roles in diagnosis, prognosis, and the monitoring of patients in current clinical practice. The conclusion was that TMs represent a convenient and cost-effective diagnostic tool for the management of various malignancies.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Stefan Holdenrieder, Lance Pagliaro, David Morgenstern, and Farshid Dayyani JOURNAL: BioMed Research International PUBLISHER: Hindawi Publishing Corporation URL: https://www.hindawi.com/
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Comparative assessment of onabotulinumtoxinA and mirabegron for overactive bladder. | Comparative assessment of onabotulinumtoxinA and mirabegron for overactive bladder.
Comparative assessment of onabotulinumtoxinA and mirabegron for overactive bladder.
OVERVIEW
There are indications that OAB and urinary incontinence (UI) are associated with recurrent urinary tract infection and skin breakdown, infection, and/or ulceration. More so, UI is also largely associated to social stigma and may subsequently result to loss of independence thereby reducing the patient's health related quality of life. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the relative efficacy of mirabegron and onabotulinumtoxinA in patients with idiopathic OAB.
The design of this study was a network meta-analysis while data was obtained by searching through 9 electronic databases, review documents, guidelines and websites. The methods used in carrying out this study were randomized trials that aimed at comparing any licensed dose of onabotulinumtoxinA or mirabegron with each other.
Results from the trials indicated that patients in the onabotulinumtoxinA trials had more urinary incontinence and urgency episodes at baseline than patients in the mirabegron trials and these differences were adjusted for using NMR. The results further indicated that both onabotulinumtoxinA and mirabegron were more efficacious than placebo at reducing the frequency of urinary incontinence, urgency, urination and nocturia.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Nick Freemantle, David A Ginsberg, Rachael McCool, Kelly Fleetwood, Mick Arber, Kristin Khalaf, Clara Loveman, Quanhong Ni, Julie Glanville JOURNAL: BMJ Open Journal PUBLISHER: group.bmj.com URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com
| 3 | | R355.00 | |
| | Comparison of Conventional Radiography and Digital Computerized Radiography in Patients in the Emergency Department | Comparison of Conventional Radiography and Digital Computerized Radiography in Patients in the Emergency Department
Comparison of Conventional Radiography and Digital Computerized Radiography in Patients in the Emergency Department
OVERVIEW
Digital radiography (Digital CR) has many advantages some of which include the manipulation of digital data at various stages between image acquisition as well as its final interpretation. Digital CR further has more multiple advantages to conventional radiography. With that said, the purpose of this study is to compare the differences between conventional radiography and digital computerized radiography (CR) in patients at the emergency department.
The study however focused on consecutive patients who needed chest radiology at the emergency department. In the course of the study, a quality score of the radiogram was assessed with visual analogue score (VAS-100 mm), measured in terms of millimeters. It is worth noting that the examination time, interpretation time, the total time, as well as cost of radiograms were equally calculated.
The results from the findings nevertheless revealed that there were significant differences between conventional radiography and digital CR groups in terms of location unit (Care Unit, Trauma, Resuscitation), hour of presentation, diagnosis group, examination time, interpretation time, and examination quality.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Enver ozcete, Bahar Boydak, Murat Ersel, Selahattin Kiyan, Ilhan Uz, Ozgur cevrim JOURNAL: Emergency Medicine Association of Turkey PUBLISHER: Kare Publishing URL: http://www.kareyayincilik.com
| 3 | | R475.00 | |
| | Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy Versus Intensive Semantic Treatment in Fluent Aphasia. | Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy Versus Intensive Semantic Treatment in Fluent Aphasia.
Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy Versus Intensive Semantic Treatment in Fluent Aphasia.
OVERVIEW
There exist evidences that suggest that short term, intensive aphasia therapy in the chronic stages of aphasia recovery has a beneficial effect irrespective of the type of treatment.
The objective of this study was therefore to compare the effectiveness of two intensive therapy methods in the stages of aphasia recovery. The two intensive therapy methods that were compared in this study include Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy (CIAT) as well as the semantic Therapy (BOX). The Sampling population for this research were 9 patients with chronic fluent aphasia. During the research, the 9 patients participated in a therapy program to establish behavioural treatment outcomes. The participants were randomly assigned to either the CIAT group or the BOX group.
Results from the study however revealed that intensive therapy on patients recovering from aphasia significantly improved verbal communication. The results further indicated that BOX treatment showed a more pronounced improvement on two communication a standardized assessment for verbal communication and a subjective rating scale
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Ineke Wilssens, Dorien Vandenborre, Kim van Dun, Jo Verhoeven, Evy Visch-Brink, and Peter Mariëna JOURNAL: American Journal of Speech and Language Pathology PUBLISHER: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) URL: http://www.asha.org/
| 3 | | R370.00 | |
| | Corneal biochemical changes following soft toric contact lens wear. | Corneal biochemical changes following soft toric contact lens wear.
Corneal biochemical changes following soft toric contact lens wear.
OVERVIEW
The human cornea is anisotropic and shows different physical characteristics under pressure applied in different directions. More so, results from several studies have shown that contact lens fit results in changes in corneal shape and thickness. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the effect of using toric soft contact lenses on corneal biomechanical properties. 33 healthy patients with mean age of 23.18 ± 4.06 and minimal cylinder power of 1 coupled with a negative history of contact lens use were used.
It is worthy to mention that keratoconic patients were excluded from the study. During the study, tori soft contact lenses were fitted into the eyes of the participants while corneal hysteresis (CH) was measured using the Ocular Response Analyzer. The corneal resistance factor (CRF), and the Pentacam HR were used to measure central corneal thickness (CCT) and mean keratometry (K mean) before and one week, one month, and three months after using the toric soft contact lenses.
The conclusion of this study was that CH and CRF decreased significantly one month after fitting toric soft contact lenses whereas CCT and K mean did not change significantly.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Somayeh Radaie-Moghadam, Hassan Hashemi, Ebrahim Jafarzadehpur, Abbas Ali Yekta, Mehdi Khabazkhoob, PhD JOURNAL: Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research PUBLISHER: J Ophthalmic Vis Res URL: https://www.jovr.org
| 3 | | R355.00 | |
| | Current status of the classification of periodontal diseases. | Current status of the classification of periodontal diseases.
Current status of the classification of periodontal diseases.
OVERVIEW
The professions of dentistry and dental hygiene exist largely due to 2 main diseases: dental caries and periodontal disease, both of which affect large segments of the population. Periodontitis is defined as the inflammatory process resulting in bone loss around teeth. The presence of gingival inflammation, bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment loss (CAL), periodontal pockets, and alveolar bone loss are the criteria needed to diagnose periodontitis.1
Although the identification of periodontitis is a relatively straightforward process in clinical practice, its classification into different forms of disease and severity remains a challenging clinical issue. Periodontal diseases and conditions remain challenging to classify.
Recently, the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) has suggested interpretations to this periodontal disease classification to address its limitations, such as the primary emphasis on clinical attachment levels as the main classification criterion, as well as the difficulty in distinguishing between aggressive and chronic periodontitis and in determining localized versus generalized periodontitis.2
This article reviews the history of periodontal disease classification and presents recommendations for clinicians on how to classify different forms of periodontal diseases.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Bonnie Hoath, BDSc, RDH; Colin Wiebe, DDS, DipPerio, MSc; Maria Isabel Garcia Fulle De Owen, DDS, DipPerio, MSc; Georgios Giannelis, DDS, DipPerio, MSc; Hannu Larjava, DDS, DipPerio, PhD
JOURNAL: Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene
PUBLISHER:Ottawa Canadian Dental Hygienists Association http://www.cdha.ca
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Dental age and tooth development in orthodontic patients with agenesis of permanent teeth. | Dental age and tooth development in orthodontic patients with agenesis of permanent teeth.
Dental age and tooth development in orthodontic patients with agenesis of permanent teeth.
OVERVIEW
The object of the study is to compare the development of permanent teeth in a group of children with the congenitally missing permanent teeth (CMPT) and corresponding nonaffected group.
The formation stages of all developing permanent teeth were determined on 345 panoramic radiographs (OPTs) by the method of Haavikko (1970), and dental age was calculated. The paired samples ??-test was used to compare the differences between dental age (DA) and chronological age (CA) in those with CMPT and those not affected. Spearman test was used to evaluate the correlation between DA-CA and the number of missing teeth. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the development of the teeth adjacent to the place of the agenesis with matched pair in corresponding nonaffected group.
In conclusion, they found that the dental age was significantly delayed in CMPT children compared to the nonaffected group (?? < 0.001) and the development of the permanent teeth is delayed when compared to the nonaffected group of the same sex and age.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Jozo Badrov,1 Tomislav Lauc,2,3,4 Enita Nakaš,4 and Ivan GaliT1 JOURNAL: BioMed Research International PUBLISHERS: Hindawi URL: https://www.hindawi.com
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Development and Validation of a New Prognostic System for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. | Development and Validation of a New Prognostic System for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Development and Validation of a New Prognostic System for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
OVERVIEW
Liver Cancer is the sixth most common type of cancer in the world. It is equally the second most common cause of cancer death in the world. However, prognostic assessment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. Thus, this study sort to develop and validate a new prognostic system for patients with HCC using the Italian Liver Cancer (ITA.LI.CA) database.
During this study, ITA.LI.CA stages were first of all defined using only tumor characteristics. A parametric multivariable survival model was then used to calculate the relative prognostic value of ITA.LI. However, The ITA.LI.CA integrated prognostic score showed optimal discrimination and calibration abilities in Italian patients. Findings from this study further revealed that observed as well as predicted median survival in the training and internal validation sets largely coincided.
The study equally concluded that the ITA.LI.CA prognostic system shows a strong ability to predict individual survival in European and Asian population.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Fabio Farinati1, Alessandro Vitale1, Gaya Spolverato, Timothy M. Pawlik, TehlaHuo Yun-Hsuan Lee, Anna Chiara Frigo, Anna Giacomin, Edoardo G. Giannini, Francesca Ciccarese, Fabio Piscaglia, Gian Lodovico Rapaccini, Mariella Di Marco, Eugenio Caturelli, Marco Zoli, Franco Borzio, Giuseppe Cabibbo, Martina Felder, Rodolfo Sacco, Filomena Morisco, Elisabetta Biasini, Francesco Giuseppe Foschi, Antonio Gasbarrini, Gianluca Svegliati Baroni, Roberto Virdone, Alberto Masotto, Franco Trevisani, Umberto Cillo1, ITA.LI.CA study group JOURNAL: PLOS Medicine PUBLISHER: Public Library of Sciences (PLOS) URL: https://www.plos.org
| 3 | | R330.00 | |
| | Development and validation of a socio culturally competent trust in physician scale. | Development and validation of a socio culturally competent trust in physician scale.
Development and validation of a socio culturally competent trust in physician scale.
OVERVIEW
Healthcare is one of the most dynamic social institution where trust forms an integral part of human interactions with the healthcare system. As a matter of fact, trust in physicians is the unwritten covenant between the patient and the physician that the physician will do whatever is in the best interest of the patient.
The objective of this study was therefore to develop and validate a new trust in physician scale for a developing country setting. During the study, dimensions of trust in physicians which had been identified in a previous qualitative study in the same setting was used to develop the scale. The scale was thus administered among 616 adults selected from urban and rural areas of Tamil Nadu, south India, using a multistage sampling cross sectional survey method.
Results from this study revealed that competence, assurance of treatment, respect for the physician and loyalty to the physician were important dimensions of trust.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Vijayaprasad Gopichandran, Edwin Wouters, Satish Kumar Chetlapalli JOURNAL: BMJ Journals PUBLISHER: BMJ Open URL: https://www. group.bmj.com
| 3 | | R515.00 | |
| | Diagnosis and Management of Asthma in Children. | Diagnosis and Management of Asthma in Children.
Diagnosis and Management of Asthma in Children.
OVERVIEW
Asthma is a very common illness faced by children the world over. With that said, rather than escalating treatment in severe and problematic cases of childhood cancer, a more systematic approach is needed to find a solution to this problem. Elements of the systematic approach included a review of the diagnosis, adherence, the ability to take drugs correctly as well as the environment of the children in question.
The objective of this article was therefore to review other articles concerning the treatment and management of childhood asthma that should prompt a focused and urgent review of what trigger factors led to asthma attacks and whether the attacks were appropriately managed. Some of the articles that were reviewed during this research were obtained from PubMed and Cochrane database.
However, only articles related to the diagnosis and practical management of asthma were selected for this research. Also, small trials and case series were excluded if the findings had been subsumed into a meta-analysis or Cochrane review.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Andrew Bush, (paediatrics) and Louise Fleming (senior clinical lecturer) JOURNAL: BMJ Journals PUBLISHER: BMJ Open URL: https://www.group.bmj.com
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Differentiating Types of Stress: Coping Methods in Explaining Mechanisms Underlying Types of Burnout. | Differentiating Types of Stress: Coping Methods in Explaining Mechanisms Underlying Types of Burnout.
Differentiating Types of Stress: Coping Methods in Explaining Mechanisms Underlying Types of Burnout.
Edited By: David Wilson.
Burnout occurs when professionals use ineffective coping strategies to try to protect themselves from work-related stress. The dimensions of ‘overload’ lack of development’ and ‘neglect’, belonging to the ‘frenetic’, ’under-challenged’ and ‘worn out’ subtypes, respectively, compromise a brief typological definition of burnout. The aim of the present study was to estimate the explanatory power of the different coping strategies on the development of burnout subtypes.
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Disability pension due to common mental disorders and subsequent suicidal behaviour: a population-based prospective cohort study. | Disability pension due to common mental disorders and subsequent suicidal behaviour: a population-based prospective cohort study.
Disability pension due to common mental disorders and subsequent suicidal behaviour: a population-based prospective cohort study.
Overview
Disability Pension (DP) is a significant public health concern in many European countries. To this effect, adverse health outcomes, including suicide, in individuals on disability pension (DP) due to mental diagnoses have been reported. Surprisingly, scientific knowledge on possible risk factors for suicidal behaviour in this group, such as age, gender, underlying DP diagnoses, comorbidity and DP duration and grade, is sparse.
The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the associations of different measures of DP due to common mental disorders (CMD) with subsequent suicidal behaviour, considering gender and age differences. This study was nonetheless a population-based prospective cohort one based on Swedish nationwide registers. During this study, a cohort of 46 515 individuals aged 19–64 years on DP due to CMD throughout 2005 was followed-up for 5 years.
Results from this study however indicated that multivariate analyses showed that a main DP diagnosis of ‘stress related mental disorders’ was associated with a lower risk of subsequent suicidal behavior than depressive disorders.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Syed Ghulam Rahman, Kristina Alexanderson, Jussi Jokinen, Ellenor Mittendorfer Rutz JOURNAL: BMJ Open PUBLISHER: BMJ URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Discrimination in the Workplace of People with Depressive Disorders. | Discrimination in the Workplace of People with Depressive Disorders.
Discrimination in the Workplace of People with Depressive Disorders.
Overview
The quality of an employment can contribute to the recovery of people with mental health problems. As a matter of fact, there exist evidences that employment is beneficial for people with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) across different cultures. The hypothesis for this study was that employers’ attitudes have been shown to be negative towards workers with MDD.
This study therefore had three objectives. The first objective was to investigate if people with MDD anticipated and experienced discrimination when trying to find or keep paid employment. Secondly, to investigate if participants in high, middle and lower developed countries differ in these respects and finally if discrimination experiences are related to actual employment status. The participants of this study were 834 who had a diagnosis of MDD in the previous12 months. Data for this study was analyzed using the analysis of variance and generalized linear mixed models.
The result of this study was that almost 60% of respondents had stopped themselves from applying for work, education or training because of anticipated discrimination.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: E P M Brouwers, J Mathijssen, T Van Bortel, L Knifton, K Wahlbeck, C Van Audenhove, N Kadri, Ch Chang, B R Goud, D Ballester, LF Tófoli, R Bello, M F Jorge-Monteiro, H Zäske, I Milac´ic´, A Uçok, C Bonetto, A Lasalvia, G Thornicroft, J Van Weeghel, the ASPEN/INDIGO Study Group JOURNAL: BMJ Open PUBLISHER: The BMJ Group URL: http://www.bmj.com
| 3 | | R345.00 | |
| | Early Language Intervention Using Distance Video-Teleconferencing: A Pilot Study of Young Boys With Fragile X Syndrome and Their Mothers. | Early Language Intervention Using Distance Video-Teleconferencing: A Pilot Study of Young Boys With Fragile X Syndrome and Their Mothers.
Early Language Intervention Using Distance Video-Teleconferencing: A Pilot Study of Young Boys With Fragile X Syndrome and Their Mothers.
Overview
Studies have found that responsive verbal language input from parents make an important contribution to early language development for typically developing children. The purpose of this study was thus to evaluate the effects of a naturalistic parent-implemented language intervention on the use of verbally responsive language by mothers of 6 young boys with fragile X syndrome.
The two intervention of this study were parent education sessions and clinician coaching delivered onsite by distance video-teleconferencing. The method used in carrying out this study was a single-case multiple baseline across participants to examine intervention effects on maternal use of language support strategies. Results from this study nevertheless suggested that mothers increased their use of utterances that followed into their child’s focus of attention and prompted child communication acts. The results further revealed that intervention effects were not observed for maternal contingent responses to child communication.
The study was concluded that intervention efficacy might be enhanced by incorporating an augmentative and alternative communication device for some children and a more concerted focus on increasing the frequency of child communication acts.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Andrea McDuffie, Ashley Oakes, Wendy Machalicek, Monica Ma, Lauren Bullard, Sarah Nelson, and Leonard Abbeduto JOURNAL: American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology PUBLISHER: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) URL: http://www.asha.org/
| 3 | | R370.00 | |
| | Ebola Virus Disease: Clinical Review. | Ebola Virus Disease: Clinical Review.
Ebola Virus Disease: Clinical Review.
Overview
Ebola transmission may occur as a result of close contact with body fluids of infected patients. The incubation period for Ebola after infection is said to be 5-9 days, with a range of 1-21 days in 95% or more of patients,2 3 with the patients not considered infectious until they develop symptoms.
This article is therefore a clinical review whose objective is to investigate what makes the differential diagnosis of Ebola broad. This article therefore examines the causes of the Ebola virus as we as the pathophysiology of this infection. This article equally went further to examine the infection prevention and control measures are used to curb the spread of Ebola from one country to another.
The hypothesis here was that there is high likelihood of infected people travelling, thus, all countries are expected to have tested and practiced protocols ready for screening and managing Ebola patients. Of course the article also outlined some of the clinical features as well as the symptoms of the virus.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Nicholas J Beeching, Manuel Fenech, Catherine F Houlihan
JOURNAL: BMJ Open
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Effect of Ageing on Keratoconic Corneas. | Effect of Ageing on Keratoconic Corneas.
Effect of Ageing on Keratoconic Corneas.
Overview
It has been observed that keratoconus (KC) is seen much less commonly in patients older than 50 years, who had been diagnosed in their youth with the disease. However, the number of patients in one study were found to be substantial. The purpose of this research was therefore to explore the potential effect of ageing on the corneal curvature and corrected visual acuity in patients with long-term keratoconus because of the paucity of these patients older than 50 years.
The method used in carrying out this research was a review of records of keratoconic patients who had initially presented to a specialized contact lens clinic and followed up for more than 20 years after disease onset. Thus, information concerning age, gender, date of first and last examination, date of onset of the disease, central corneal curvature, refraction, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), therapeutic modality and clinical signs were collected and used for the study.
After the study, it was concluded that Corneal curvature became steeper possibly within the first 20 years after disease onset but remained approximately unchanged afterwards. More so, BCVA remained practically constant over the years indicating relative stability of the disease after 20 years.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Michel Millodot, Ilya Ortenberg, Karen Lahav-Yacouel, Shmuel Behrman JOURNAL: Journal of Optometry PUBLISHER: Elsevier España URL: https://www.elsevier.es
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Effect of Cognitive Load on Seating Posture in Children | Effect of Cognitive Load on Seating Posture in Children
Effect of Cognitive Load on Seating Posture in Children
OVERVIEW It is often difficult for children to maintain their upright seating positions while performing cognitive tasks. Thus, it is imperative to understand the relationship that exists between cognitive tasks and postural seating positions to enable children carryout their tasks efficiently and effectively.
This study was therefore conducted among selected 4th-grade children in a Japanese elementary school. The objective of the study was to determine the muscle activity as well as body sway of children while performing cognitive tasks, arithmetic tasks precisely. While performing the arithmetic tasks, changes in muscle activities, as well as the center of pressure (COP), were recorded. It should be noted that electromyography was also recorded from the internal oblique and lumbor multifidus muscles whereas the COP was reported to have been measured with the use of a baropodometer that was placed on a stool.
Results from the findings nevertheless revealed that arithmetic tasks were not related to the EMG or COP changes in the children. It was therefore concluded that it was better to allow children to alter their seating postures when performing difficult tasks.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Go Igarashi, Chieko Karashima & Minoru Hoshiyama JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International PUBLISHER: John Wiley and Sons Ltd URL: www.wiley.com
| 3 | | R325.00 | |
| | Effect of High-Velocity Low Amplitude Manipulation on Cervical Spine Muscle Strength: A Randomized Clinical Trial. | Effect of High-Velocity Low Amplitude Manipulation on Cervical Spine Muscle Strength: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Effect of High-Velocity Low Amplitude Manipulation on Cervical Spine Muscle Strength: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Stan Metcalfe, BSc PT, FCAMT; Hilary Reese, BSc PT, FCAMT; Robert Sydenham, BSc, DPT, FCAMT.
Clinical observation suggests that side-to-side differences in anterolateral neck flexor strength may be resolved by appropriate high-velocity low-amplitude manipulation of a dysfunctional upper cervical segment.
We examined 67 patients with mechanical neck pain or cervicogenic headaches to evaluate the change in anterolateral neck flexor strength after upper cervical spine manipulation. We used the relative position of the atlas, determined by palpation, to predict the weaker side of anterolateral neck flexor strength. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. The control group received spinal manipulation to dysfunctional segments in the lower cervical spine only, and the treatment group received manipulation to dysfunctional segments in both the upper and lower cervical spine. Following manipulation of the upper and lower cervical spine, the predicted weak side of the treatment group showed a greater improvement in strength compared to the predicted strong side. Also, following manipulation, there was a greater increase in strength of the predicted weak side of the treatment group compared to the predicted weak side of the control group. We also studied the interrater reliability of positional palpation of the atlas and determined the relationship between the relative position of the atlas and anterolateral neck flexor strength.
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Effect of the biofilm age and starvation on acid tolerance of biofilm formed by streptococcus mutans isolated from caries-active and caries-free adults. | Effect of the biofilm age and starvation on acid tolerance of biofilm formed by streptococcus mutans isolated from caries-active and caries-free adults.
Effect of the biofilm age and starvation on acid tolerance of biofilm formed by streptococcus mutans isolated from caries-active and caries-free adults.
OVERVIEW
Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is considered a leading cause of dental caries. The capability of S. mutans to tolerate low pH is essential for its cariogenicity. Aciduricity of S. mutans is linked to its adaptation to environmental stress in oral cavity.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of biofilm age and starvation condition on acid tolerance of biofilm formed by S. mutans clinical isolates. Biofilms were analysed through viability staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. In all three strains, mature, acid-adapted and starved biofilms showed significantly less destructive structure and more viable bacteria after acid shock than young, non-adapted and non-starved biofilms, respectively (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, in each condition, SM593 biofilm was denser, with a significantly larger number of viable bacteria than that of SM18 and ATCC25175 (all p < 0.05).
Findings demonstrated that mature, acid-adapted and starvation might protect biofilms of all three S. mutans strains against acid shock. Additionally, SM593 exhibited greater aciduricity compared to SM18 and ATCC25175, which indicated that the colonization of high cariogenicity of clinical strains may lead to high caries risk in individuals.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Shan Jiang 1, †, Shuai Chen 1, †, Chengfei Zhang 2, Xingfu Zhao 3, Xiaojing Huang 1, * and Zhiyu Cai 4 JOURNAL: International Journal of Molecular Science PUBLISHERS: MDPI URL: http://www.mdpi.com
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Effectiveness of early pediatric dental homes: A scoping review. | Effectiveness of early pediatric dental homes: A scoping review.
Effectiveness of early pediatric dental homes: A scoping review.
OVERVIEW
This article is important to Dental Hygienists because the early pediatric dental home is a promising model to improve pediatric oral health based on clinical, behavioural, and cost effectiveness outcome measures.
Dental hygienists and other dental practitioners should encourage families with infants and toddlers to start seeing a dental professional no later than age one for routine professional oral health care
This scoping review examines literature on the effectiveness of early pediatric dental homes based on clinical, behavioural, and cost parameters. The existing body of evidence generally supports the effectiveness of early pediatric dental homes for improving clinical outcomes (i.e., dmft scores) and behavioral outcomes (i.e., including utilization of future dental care services), and offering potential cost savings. However, exact quantifications of the impact on clinical and behavioral outcomes as well as cost savings vary due to heterogeneity of study design and methodological considerations related to level of evidence. Current research generally substantiates the establishment of a dental home model as an effective practice to improve early pediatric oral health.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Jacqueline VanMalsen, BSc(DH), RDH; Sharon M Compton, PhD, RDH
JOURNAL: The Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene
PUBLISHER: The Canadian Dental Hygienist Association http://www.cdha.ca
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Effectiveness of multidisciplinary team case management: difference-indifferences analysis. | Effectiveness of multidisciplinary team case management: difference-indifferences analysis.
Effectiveness of multidisciplinary team case management: difference-indifferences analysis.
OVERVIEW
Recently, there are increasing focus on increasing on the benefits of integrated care, to enable a more efficient and effective response to LTCs. This study was carried out in Single clinical commissioning group (CCG) in the UK’s National Health Service (NHS). The objective of this study was to evaluate a multidisciplinary team (MDT) case management intervention, at both the individual and practice levels.
The design that was used for this study was the difference-in-differences design with multiple intervention start dates, that hospital admissions data. The participants for this study were 2049 intervention patients using propensity scoring one-to-one with control patients. During the research, 30 practices were compared using a natural experiment through staged implementation.
The primary measures of direct intervention included accident and emergency (A&E) visits; inpatient non-elective stays, 30-day re-admissions; inpatient elective stays, outpatient visits and admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions. The secondary measures on the other hand included inpatient length of stay; total cost of secondary care Services and patient satisfaction. This study was nonetheless concluded that the intervention does not meet its primary aim, and the clinical significance and cost effectiveness of these small practice-level effects is debatable.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Jonathan Stokes, Søren Rud Kristensen, Kath Checkland, Peter Bower JOURNAL: Bmj Open PUBLISHER: group.bmj.com URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/
| 3 | | R350.00 | |
| | Effectiveness of Professionally-Applied Silver Diamine Fluoride in Arresting Dental Caries. | Effectiveness of Professionally-Applied Silver Diamine Fluoride in Arresting Dental Caries.
Effectiveness of Professionally-Applied Silver Diamine Fluoride in Arresting Dental Caries.
OVERVIEW
The purpose of Linking Research to Clinical Practice is to present evidence based information to clinical dental hygienists so that they can make informed decisions regarding patient treatment and recommendations.
Silver diamine fluoride has been shown to be effective in preventing and arresting dental caries. It provides an economical, noninvasive mechanism for dental hygienists to manage caries in community-based programs. The first product was cleared for marketing by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) in 2014 as a cavity varnish for treatment of hypersensitivity in adults over 21 years of age; therefore, its use as a caries preventive or arresting agent is off label. This FDA clearance parallels that of sodium fluoride varnish.
Systematic reviews of clinical trials in children and elderly adults provide evidence for the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride in arresting dentin caries when applied every 6 months for a period of 2 to 3 years. Without excavation of soft dentin, silver diamine fluoride reacts with protein in the dentinal tissue and deposits a layer of silver protein that resists acids produced by bacteria and promotes the formation of hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite. The silver is antibacterial, and the decayed tooth surface hardens, and the lesion becomes smaller.1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Denise M. Bowen, RDH, MS
JOURNAL: The Journal of Dental Hygiene
PUBLISHER: American Dental Hygienist Association http://www.adha.org/jdh
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Effects of Action Observational Training Plus Brain–Computer Interface-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation on Paretic Arm Motor Recovery in Patient with Stroke. | Effects of Action Observational Training Plus Brain–Computer Interface-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation on Paretic Arm Motor Recovery in Patient with Stroke.
Effects of Action Observational Training Plus Brain–Computer Interface-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation on Paretic Arm Motor Recovery in Patient with Stroke.
OVERVIEW There are many ongoing studies that are related to mental practices in the stroke rehabilitation field. To this effect, many approaches based on the mirror neuron system have been proposed as a supplementation to stroke rehabilitation. Thus, aim of this study was to investigate whether action observational training (AOT) plus brain–computer interface-based functional electrical stimulation (BCI-FES) has a positive influence on motor recovery of paretic upper extremity in patients with stroke.
During this hospital-based, randomized controlled trial with a blinded assessor, 30 patients with a first-time stroke were randomly allocated to one of two groups. The groups were either BCI-FES group or the control group. It is important to mention that the BCI-FES group administered to AOT plus BCI-FES on the paretic upper extremity five times per week for 4 weeks while both groups received conventional therapy. The primary outcomes of this research included the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity, Motor Activity Log (MAL), Modified Barthel Index and range of motion of paretic arm.
After this research, it was revealed that the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity sub-items (total, shoulder and wrist), MAL (MAL-Activity of Use and Quality of Movement), Modified Barthel Index and wrist flexion range of motion were significantly higher in the BCI-FES group.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: TaeHoon Kim, SeongSik Kim & ByoungHee Lee JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International PUBLISHER: John Wiley & Sons URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com
| 3 | | R325.00 | |
| | Empowered to Play: A Case Study Describing the Impact of Powered Mobility on the Exploratory Play of Disabled Children. | Empowered to Play: A Case Study Describing the Impact of Powered Mobility on the Exploratory Play of Disabled Children.
Empowered to Play: A Case Study Describing the Impact of Powered Mobility on the Exploratory Play of Disabled Children.
OVERVIEW Play is one of the most significant activities, as well as the primary occupation of childhood. Play is equally a deeply fulfilling occupation especially when it is spontaneously initiated by the child. The objective of this qualitative study was therefore to investigate the impact of powered mobility on the exploratory play of two children with physical disabilities.
Data for this study was collected from the children, their parents and their siblings through participant observation and in-depth, informal interviews. Findings from this study however suggests that the provision of powered mobility is a key contributor promoting the participation of physically disabled children in exploratory play. This study was however limited because data was only confined to two months thereby affecting the depth of data gained that prolonged engagement would have offered.
This study therefore recommends for occupational therapy practice that occupational therapists advocate for easier access to powered mobility through governmental and policy means. The stud was concluded that further research needs to be conducted on the experiences of the caregivers on how these powered mobility devices have influenced their day-to-day occupations.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Amshuda Sonda & Pam Gretschel JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International PUBLISHER: John Wiley & Sons URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com
| 3 | | R330.00 | |
| | Evaluating intervention using time aids in children with disabilities. | Evaluating intervention using time aids in children with disabilities.
Evaluating intervention using time aids in children with disabilities.
OVERVIEW Nowadays, children with difficulties in managing time in everyday life are at risk of delayed development of time-processing skills compared with their same-aged peers. Thus, Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been reported to exhibit problems in time perception/time sense as compared with typically developing children.
The objective of this study was to evaluate complex intervention using time aids for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities who exhibit limitations in daily time management. The participants of this study were children aged between 6-11 who were suffering from conditions such as ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, mild or moderate intellectual disability, spina bifida, and cerebral palsy. This study equally used a Randomized Block and Waiting List control group design, with 25 children allocated to control and 22 to intervention group.
Results from this study indicated that Children in both groups gained significantly in time-processing ability between the first and second data collection, meanwhile the children in the intervention group improved time-processing ability significantly more than controls.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Gunnel Janeslätt, Anders Kottorp & Mats Granlund JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis online URL: http://www.tandfonline.com
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Exploring the Nature of the Intention, Meaning and Perception Process of the Neuro-occupation Model to Understand Adaptation to Change. | Exploring the Nature of the Intention, Meaning and Perception Process of the Neuro-occupation Model to Understand Adaptation to Change.
Exploring the Nature of the Intention, Meaning and Perception Process of the Neuro-occupation Model to Understand Adaptation to Change.
OVERVIEW The human condition is completely individualized and unpredictable since change does not follow a linear path. However, the theoretical model of neuro-occupation, intention, meaning and perception, sought to describe the symbiotic relationship between occupation and the brain, as a chaotic, self-organized, complex system. It is apparent that lack of evidence has also limited its applicability to practice.
The aim of this study was to track the postulates of the model within the daily experiences of subjects. Thus, a qualitative multiple case- study design, typically used for testing models was used for content analysis. During the study, an underpinning principle of the model, defined a circular causality feedback process, which was confirmed as described through tracing the repetitive processes within the lived experience of two Iranian men.
The results from this study however suggested that continual adaptation occurred in lives interrupted by cerebrovascular accident, which enabled the subjects to return to expression of meaning through purposeful occupation and continually re-shaped their perceptions.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Seyed Alireza Derakhshanrad, Emily Piven, Seyed Ali Hosseini Farahnaz Mohammadi Shahboulaghi, Homer Nazeran & Mehdi Rassafiani JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International PUBLISHER: John Willey & Sons Limited URL: http://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com
| 3 | | R325.00 | |
| | Exploring the views of GPs, people with dementia and their carers on assistive technology. | Exploring the views of GPs, people with dementia and their carers on assistive technology.
Exploring the views of GPs, people with dementia and their carers on assistive technology.
OVERVIEW
The purpose of this study is to explore the views and experiences of people with dementia, their family carers and general practitioners (GPs) on their knowledge and experience of accessing information about, and use of, assistive technology (AT) in dementia care. 56 participants comprising 17 GPs, 13 people with dementia and 26 family carers.
The results of this study were that 4 main themes emerged: awareness and experience of AT accessing information on AT; roles and responsibilities in the current care system and the future commissioning of AT services. All participants had practical experience of witnessing AT being used in practice. For people with dementia and their families, knowledge was usually gained from personal experience rather than from health and social care professionals. For GPs, knowledge was largely gained through experiential, patient-led learning. All groups acknowledged the important role of the voluntary sector but agreed a need for clear information pathways for AT; such pathways were perceived to be essential to both service providers and service commissioners.
In conclusion, it was found that people with dementia and their family carers appear to be mainly responsible for driving a gradual increase in both awareness and the use of AT in dementia care. GPs should be equipped with the relevant knowledge to ensure families living with dementia receive appropriate information and support to enable them to live independently for as long as possible. There is an urgent need to simplify current complex community care pathways; as demonstrated in other chronic health conditions, a single point of access and a named lead professional may improve future care.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
AUTHORS: Lisa Newton,1 Claire Dickinson,1 Grant Gibson,2 Katie Brittain,1 Louise Robinson1 JOURNAL: BMJ Open Journal PUBLISHER: Elsevier URL: https://www.journals.bmj.com
| 3 | | R345.00 | |
| | Extended Prediction Rule to Optimise Early Detection of Heart Failure in Older Persons with Non-Acute Shortness of Breath. | Extended Prediction Rule to Optimise Early Detection of Heart Failure in Older Persons with Non-Acute Shortness of Breath.
Extended Prediction Rule to Optimise Early Detection of Heart Failure in Older Persons with Non-Acute Shortness of Breath.
OVERVIEW Heart failure is an epidemic that is causing high rates in mortality, substantial lost in the quality of life as well as high healthcare costs. Older people are more susceptible to heart failure even though diagnosing it at an early stage is difficult since its symptoms are non-specific.
The objective of this study was therefore to develop a screening rule for detecting heart failure in the elderly with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is worth mentioning that this screening rule was developed based on an existing rule. During this study, cross-sectional data were used to validate, update and extend the original prediction rule according to a standardised state-of-the-art stepwise approach. The participants of this study were community-dwelling older people aged about 65 years old. These participants suffered from shortness of breath on exertion.
This study nonetheless resulted in excellent prediction of heart failure in the large domain of the elderly with shortness of breath.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Evelien E S van Riet, Arno W Hoes, Alexander Limburg, Marcel A J Landman, JOURNAL: BMJ Open PUBLISHER: BMJ Open Group URL: http://www.group.bmj.com
| 3 | | R330.00 | |
| | Factors Influencing the Inclusion of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in Undergraduate Medical Education. | Factors Influencing the Inclusion of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in Undergraduate Medical Education.
Factors Influencing the Inclusion of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in Undergraduate Medical Education.
OVERVIEW
This paper examines the inclusion (or otherwise) of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in medical syllabi in UK medical schools. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the views and practices of UK medical schools regarding the inclusion (or exclusion) of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in undergraduate medical curricula.
This study was however done through an email survey of UK medical schools offering MBBS as well as its equivalent degrees. The results of this study suggested that all respondents indicated that their curricula included CAM elements. It is imperative to mention that the quantity of CAM within curricula varied widely between medical schools, as did the methods by which CAM education was delivered.
The results further suggested that the requirements of the General Medical Council were the strongest factor influencing the inclusion of CAM, medical student preferences were also important. This study was however concluded that it could be useful for the General Medical Council to clarify the extent to which CAM should be incorporated into the curriculum.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Kevin R Smith JOURNAL: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health PUBLISHER: BMJ Open Group URL: http://www.group.bmj.com
| 3 | | R330.00 | |
| | Hearing Loss in Workers Exposed to Epoxy Adhesives and Noise. | Hearing Loss in Workers Exposed to Epoxy Adhesives and Noise.
Hearing Loss in Workers Exposed to Epoxy Adhesives and Noise.
OVERVIEW
Organic solvents are heavily used in industries and there are evidences that exposure to organic solvents has hazardous effects on hearing. Yet, the effects of organic solvents on hearing are difficult to evaluate. The reason is that workers are usually exposed to a mixture of solvents with widely varying compositions and concentrations. However, the objective of this cross-sectional study was thus to investigate the risk of hearing loss among workers exposed to epoxy adhesives and noise.
During the study, 182 stone workers who were exposed to both epoxy adhesives and noise were recruited. Other participants of the study composed of 89 stone workers who were exposed to noise only, and 43 workers from the administrative staff who had not been exposed to adhesives or noise. The demographic data, occupational history as well as the medical history of participants were obtained through face to-face interviews, arranged physical examinations as well as through pure-tone audiometric tests.
Results from the study however indicated that epoxy adhesives exacerbate hearing impairment in noisy environments, with the main impacts occurring in the middle and high frequencies.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Hsiao-Yu Yang, Ruei-Hao Shie, Pau-Chung Chen JOURNAL: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health PUBLISHER: BMJ Open Group URL: http://www.group.bmj.com
| 3 | | R335.00 | |
| | Home visits in primary care: contents and organisation in daily practice. Study protocol of a cross-sectional study. | Home visits in primary care: contents and organisation in daily practice. Study protocol of a cross-sectional study.
Home visits in primary care: contents and organisation in daily practice. Study protocol of a cross-sectional study.
OVERVIEW
In most industrialized countries, Medical care of homebound patients by home visits is an integral part of primary care. However, the organization of home visits may differ depending on organization of the primary care system. The hypothesis for this study was that because of socio demography as well as changes in the health system, the need for home visits is projected to increase rather than decrease.
The objective of this study was thus, to provide information on content and organization of home visits since such information is needed to assure sufficient medical care for home bound visits. This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 12 months. During the study, all home visits of each participating family practice are documented within a 1-week time-period. Almost 303 (of 2677) family practitioners expressed their interest to participate to generate data on the content and organisational characteristics of home visits.
Descriptive and multivariate analysis of data were carried out using non-parametric methods. This study ended up receiving ethical approval by the Ethical Commission of the TU Dresden and adheres to the Declaration of Helsinki.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Karen Voigt, Stefan Bojanowski, Stephanie Taché, Roger Voigt, Antje Bergmann JOURNAL: Disease in Childhood PUBLISHER: BMJ Open Group URL: http://www.group.bmj.com
| 3 | | R370.00 | |
| | How adolescents experience and cope with pain in daily life: a qualitative study on ways to cope and the use of over-the-counter analgesics. | How adolescents experience and cope with pain in daily life: a qualitative study on ways to cope and the use of over-the-counter analgesics.
How adolescents experience and cope with pain in daily life: a qualitative study on ways to cope and the use of over-the-counter analgesics.
OVERVIEW
Pain is a common experience in the daily lives of adolescents. However, headache, abdominal and musculoskeletal types of pain are the most common type of pain experienced by adolescents.
The objective of this research was to describe how different adolescents experience and manage pain in their daily life. Focus was however made their use of over-the counter analgesics. The design for this stud was qualitative semi structured interviews in which adolescents shared their experiences with pain, pain management and involvement of family and friends during pain. The participants of this study were 25 young people (both males and females) aged 15 to 16 from different junior high schools. These students were interviewed irrespective of their immigration background in their respective schools in Norway. The study was concluded that different involvement with the family during pain related to their pain perception and management by the adolescents.
At the end of the study it was recommended that Knowledge of the different ways of approaching pain is important when supporting adolescents and may be a subject for further research on the use of over-the-counter analgesics in the family.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Per Lagerløv, Elin Olaug Rosvold, Tanja Holager, Sølvi Helseth JOURNAL: Stroke and Vascular Neurology PUBLISHER: BMJ Open Group URL: http://www.group.bmj.com
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | How often are interventions in cluster randomised controlled trials of complex interventions in general practices effective and reasons for potential shortcomings? Protocol and results of a feasibility project for a systematic review. | How often are interventions in cluster randomised controlled trials of complex interventions in general practices effective and reasons for potential shortcomings? Protocol and results of a feasibility project for a systematic review.
How often are interventions in cluster randomised controlled trials of complex interventions in general practices effective and reasons for potential shortcomings? Protocol and results of a feasibility project for a systematic review.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Most studies conducted at general practices investigate complex interventions and increasingly use cluster-randomised controlled trail (c-RCT) designs to do so. Our primary objective is to evaluate how frequently complex interventions are shown to be more, equally or less effective than routine care in c RCTs with a superior design. The secondary aim is to discover whether the quality of a c-RCT determines the likelihood of the complex intervention being effective.
| 3 | | R330.00 | |
| | How Rheumatoid Arthritis Affects a Woman’s Sexual Well-Being. | How Rheumatoid Arthritis Affects a Woman’s Sexual Well-Being.
How Rheumatoid Arthritis Affects a Woman’s Sexual Well-Being.
Catriona Boffard, Sexologist (ECPS).
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic auto-immune disease, which primarily affects the joints in the body. This leads to inflammation of the joints and affects the body systemically. It can lead to progressive joint destruction and disability, due to persistent inflammation and is the most common form of polyarthritis.
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Hypodontia: An update on its etiology, classification, and clinical management. | Hypodontia: An update on its etiology, classification, and clinical management.
Hypodontia: An update on its etiology, classification, and clinical management.
OVERVIEW
Hypodontia, or tooth agenesis, is the most prevalent craniofacial malformation in humans. It may occur as part of a recognised genetic syndrome or as a non-syndromic isolated trait. Excluding third molars, the reported prevalence of hypodontia ranges from 1.6 to 6.9%, depending on the population studied.
Most affected individuals lack only one or two teeth, with permanent second premolars and upper lateral incisors the most likely to be missing. Both environmental and genetic factors are involved in the aetiology of hypodontia, with the latter playing a more significant role. Hypodontia individuals often present a significant clinical challenge for orthodontists because, in a number of cases, the treatment time is prolonged and the treatment outcome may be compromised.
Hence, the identification of genetic and environmental factors may be particularly useful in the early prediction of this condition and the development of prevention strategies and novel treatments in the future
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Azza Husam Al-Ani,1 Joseph Safwat Antoun,1 William Murray Thomson,1 Tony Raymond Merriman,2 and Mauro Farella1 JOURNAL: BioMed Research Internationa PUBLISHERS: Hindawi URL: https://www.hindawi.com/
| 3 | | R375.00 | |
| | Illustrated Deep Dry Needling: Deep Dry Needling of the Thoracic / Lumbar. | Illustrated Deep Dry Needling: Deep Dry Needling of the Thoracic / Lumbar.
Illustrated Deep Dry Needling: Deep Dry Needling of the Thoracic / Lumbar.
Louise Kelley Michelle Finnegan Jan Dommerholt.
This illustrated Dry Needling online course covers:
The clinical relevance of trigger points in syndromes related to the trunk.
Illustration and needling instructions of Dry Needling techniques for the following trunk muscles are provided:
- Pectoralis major muscle
- Rhomboid major and minor muscles
- Serratus posterior superior muscle
- Middle trapezius muscle
- Lower trapezius muscle
- Latissimus dorsi muscle
- Serratus anterior muscle
- Longissimus thoracis muscle
- Iliocostalis thoracis and lumborum muscles
- Thoracic and lumbar multifidus muscles
- Serratus posterior inferior muscle
- Quadratus lumborum
- Rectus abdominus muscle
- External and internal oblique muscles
Their anatomy, function, innervation and contra-indications for Dry Needling are also included.
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Impact Analysis Studies of Clinical Prediction Rules Relevant to Primary Care. | Impact Analysis Studies of Clinical Prediction Rules Relevant to Primary Care.
Impact Analysis Studies of Clinical Prediction Rules Relevant to Primary Care.
OVERVIEW
Clinical prediction rules (CPRs) are clinical tools that quantify the individual contributions physical examination and investigations contribute towards diagnosis, prognosis or likely response to treatment in a patient. Clinical prediction rules (CPRs) should therefore undergo impact analysis to evaluate their effect on patient care.
The objective of this study was thus to narratively review and critically appraise CPR impact analysis studies relevant to primary care. The setting for this study was primary meanwhile the participants were children and adults. The method used in this study was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that was controlled before, after and interrupted time series.
Results from this study revealed that out of the 18 studies, 10 reported an improvement in primary outcome with CPR implementation. Similarly, out of musculoskeletal studies, 5 were effective in altering targeted physician behaviour in ordering imaging for patients presenting with ankle, knee and neck musculoskeletal injuries. The study was concluded that despite the increasing interest in developing and validating CPRs relevant to primary care, relatively few have gone through impact analysis.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Emma Wallace, Maike J M Uijen, Barbara Clyne, Atieh Zarabzadeh, Claire Keogh, Rose Galvin, Susan M Smith, Tom Fahey JOURNAL: Journal of Clinical Pathology PUBLISHER: BMJ Open Group URL: http://www.group.bmj.com
| 3 | | R340.00 | |
| | Important Common Eye Conditions: Cataracts. | Important Common Eye Conditions: Cataracts.
Important Common Eye Conditions: Cataracts.
Overview
There is a great need to be aware of common eye conditions and subsequently recognize them. Cataract is a popular eye condition that needs to be treated correctly to avoid complications. This paper therefore explores the various forms and symptoms of cataracts. It equally goes to explore the best possible ways to carry out cataract diagnosis. Of course, the paper also investigated the various treatments of cataract as well as the consequences in terms of associated illnesses.
It is also worth mentioning that this article equally highlights the important and need for eyes to be checked regularly against cataract. This article was written as a result of a respectable size survey in the USA which revealed that about 47% of the adults that were questioned worried more about losing their sight than losing their memory.
One of the major conclusions of this article is nonetheless the fact that there exist a great level of ignorance in very community that is not aware of the warning signs of eye diseases and conditions that could cause damage as well as blindness if not detected and treated in time.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Dr Cyril John Harrisberg JOURNAL: PUBLISHER: URL:
| 3 | | R375.00 | |
| | Improving the Management of Behaviour Associated with Dementia in Care Homes. | Improving the Management of Behaviour Associated with Dementia in Care Homes.
Improving the Management of Behaviour Associated with Dementia in Care Homes.
OVERVIEW
The inappropriate use of antipsychotics in people with dementia for behaviour that challenges is associated with an estimated 1800 deaths annually. However, solely focusing on antipsychotics may transfer prescribing to other equally dangerous psychotropics. Little is known about the role of pharmacists in the management of psychotropics used to treat behaviours that challenge.
This research aims to determine whether it is feasible to implement and measure the effectiveness of a combined pharmacy–health psychology intervention incorporating a medication review and staff training package to limit the prescription of psychotropics to manage behaviour that challenges in care home residents with dementia. 6 care homes within the West Midlands will be recruited. People with dementia receiving medication for behaviour that challenges, or their personal consultee, will be approached regarding participation. Medication used to treat behaviour that challenges will be reviewed by the pharmacist, in collaboration with the general practitioner (GP), person with dementia and carer.
The project has received a favourable opinion from the East Midlands REC (15/EM/3014). If potential participants lack capacity, a personal consultee will be consulted regarding participation in line with the Mental Capacity Act. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Ian D Maidment et al. JOURNAL: Mental Health PUBLISHERS: BMJ Open URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/
| 3 | | R335.00 | |
| | Influence of work-related psychosocial factors on the prevalence of chronic pain and quality of life in patients with chronic pain. | Influence of work-related psychosocial factors on the prevalence of chronic pain and quality of life in patients with chronic pain.
Influence of work-related psychosocial factors on the prevalence of chronic pain and quality of life in patients with chronic pain.
OVERVIEW
Chronic pain among workers is not only an economic burden but also a major public health concern. Working is also a cause of chronic pain although most people need to continue working despite the pain to make a living except they get a sick leave or retirement.
The hypothesis of this study was that the therapeutic effect of vocational rehabilitation may depend on psychosocial factors related to the workplace. Thus, the aim of the study was to test this hypothesis as well as examine the association of work-related psychosocial factors with the prevalence of chronic pain or health related quality of life (HRQoL) among workers with chronic pain. During this study, 1764 workers aged 20–59 years were examined in the pain-associated cross-sectional epidemiological survey in Japan.
The outcomes of this study were chronic pain prevalence among all workers and low Euro QoL prevalence among workers with chronic pain according to the degree of workplace social support and job satisfaction. One of the significant results of this study was that chronic pain prevalence was higher among males reporting job dissatisfaction compared with those reporting job satisfaction.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Keiko Yamada, Ko Matsudaira, Hironori Imano, Akihiko Kitamura, Hiroyasu Iso JOURNAL: Esmo Open: Cancer Horizons PUBLISHER: BMJ Group URL: https://www.bmjopen.bmj.com
| 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV at a Patient’s First Clinic Visit. | Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV at a Patient’s First Clinic Visit.
Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV at a Patient’s First Clinic Visit.
OVERVIEW
The late presentation of patients for care and high rates of attrition from care between HIV testing and ART initiation, with baseline median CD4 cell counts remaining well below 200 cells/mm3 are some of the most persistent operational challenges facing antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs for HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan.
The purpose of this study was therefore to estimate the effect on uptake of ART and viral suppression of an accelerated initiation algorithm that allowed treatment-eligible patients to be dispensed their first supply of antiretroviral medications on the day of their first HIV-related clinic visit. This study was nonetheless conducted in two public sector clinics in South Africa, notably a primary health clinic (PHC) and a hospital-based HIV clinic. The participants of this study were averagely 18 years old non-pregnant patients receiving a positive HIV test or first treatment-eligible CD4 count were randomized to standard or rapid initiation.
The study was however concluded that offering single-visit ART initiation to adult patients in South Africa increased uptake of ART by 36% and viral suppression by 26%.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Sydney Rosen, Mhairi Maskew, Matthew P. Fox, Cynthia Nyoni, Constance Mongwenyana, Given Malete, Ian Sanne, Dorah Bokaba, Celeste Sauls, Julia Rohr1, Lawrence Long JOURNAL: PLOS Medicine PUBLISHER: PLOS URL: https://www.plos.org
| 3 | | R365.00 | |
| | Interventions aimed at improving the ability to use everyday technology in work after brain injury. | Interventions aimed at improving the ability to use everyday technology in work after brain injury.
Interventions aimed at improving the ability to use everyday technology in work after brain injury.
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to explore and describe how client-centred occupational therapy interventions may support and improve the ability to use everyday technology (ET) in work tasks in people with acquired brain injury (ABI). Method: A qualitative, descriptive multiple-case study was designed, and occupation-based interventions were provided to three working-age participants with ABI. Multiple sources were used to collect data throughout the three intervention processes, including assessments, field notes, and interviews. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Management of Everyday Technology Assessment were administered before the interventions, after the interventions and at a follow-up session 2–3 months subsequent to the interventions. Results: The three intervention processes initially consisted of similar actions, but subsequently the actions took on a different focus and intensity for each case. All of the goals in each of the three case processes were achieved, and both perceived and observed abilities to use ET in work tasks improved. Conclusions: Client-centred occupational therapy interventions might have the potential to improve the ability to use ET in work tasks in people with ABI. OVERVIEW
There is currently an increased use of everyday technology (ET), such as coffee machines, mobile phones, and computers because of the development of an information society.
The aim of this study was to explore and describe how client-centred occupational therapy interventions may support and improve the ability to use everyday technology (ET) in work tasks in people with acquired brain injury (ABI). During this research, a qualitative, descriptive multiple-case study was designed, and occupation-based interventions were provided to three working-age participants with ABI. Multiple sources including assessments, field notes, and interviews were used to collect data throughout the three intervention processes. It is worth men toning that The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Management of Everyday Technology Assessment were administered both before and after the interventions as well as at a follow-up session 2–3 months after the interventions.
The results of this study revealed that the three intervention processes initially consisted of similar actions, but subsequently the actions took on a different focus and intensity for each case. It was therefore concluded that client-centred occupational therapy interventions might have the potential to improve the ability to use ET in work tasks in people with ABI.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Ann-Charlotte Kassberg, Maria Prellwitz, Camilla Malinowsky & Maria Larsson-Lund JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis URL: http://taylorandfrancis.com
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Intra-eye retinal nerve fibre layer and macular thickness asymmetry measurements for the discrimination of primary open-angle glaucoma and normal tension glaucoma. | Intra-eye retinal nerve fibre layer and macular thickness asymmetry measurements for the discrimination of primary open-angle glaucoma and normal tension glaucoma.
Intra-eye retinal nerve fibre layer and macular thickness asymmetry measurements for the discrimination of primary open-angle glaucoma and normal tension glaucoma.
OVERVIEW
Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons leading to a concurrent visual field loss. This research therefore aimed at evaluating the diagnostic capability of intraeye retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular thickness (MT) asymmetry measurements for the discrimination of normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).
During this study, a total of 90 subjects were enrolled including 30 consecutive healthy subjects, 30 consecutive subjects with POAG, and 30 consecutive subjects with NTG. RNFL thicknesses around the optic disc as well as MT measurements were taken with circular and radial SD-OCT scans. Meanwhile, Intraeye retinal and MT asymmetry were calculated as the absolute difference between superior and inferior hemispheres of the eye using posterior pole asymmetry analysis protocol.
The results of this study nonetheless indicated that there was a significant difference in MT asymmetry for all comparison groups.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Safal Khanal, Pinakin Gunvant Davey, Lyne Racette, Madhu Thapa JOURNAL: Journal of Optometry PUBLISHER: Elsevier Inc URL: http://www.elsevier.com
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Introduction of complementary feeding before 4 months of age increases the risk of childhood overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. | Introduction of complementary feeding before 4 months of age increases the risk of childhood overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
Introduction of complementary feeding before 4 months of age increases the risk of childhood overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
OVERVIEW
The association between the age at introduction of complementary feeding and the risk of overweight or obesity during childhood has been hotly debated, but the result remains uncertain.
This meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies attempted to evaluate this association, as well as provide evidence for infant feeding recommendations. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for relevant original articles published prior to March 1, 2015 that met predefined inclusion criteria. The pooled relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fix-effect or random-effect models, which were chosen based on heterogeneity among studies. Ten articles consisting of 13 studies, where 8 measured being overweight as an outcome and 5 measured being obese, were included in this meta-analysis. There was a total of 63,605 participants and 11,900 incident cases in the overweight studies, and 56,136 individuals and 3246 incident cases in the obese studies.
The results of this study suggest that the introduction of complementary foods to infants before 4 months of age should be avoided to protect against childhood obesity.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Jing Wang et al. JOURNAL: Nutrition Research PUBLISHERS: Elsevier Inc URL: https://www.elsevier.com
| 3 | | R320.00 | |
| | Is herpes zoster an additional complication in old age alongside comorbidity and multiple medications? Results of the post hoc analysis of the 12-month. | Is herpes zoster an additional complication in old age alongside comorbidity and multiple medications? Results of the post hoc analysis of the 12-month.
Is herpes zoster an additional complication in old age alongside comorbidity and multiple medications? Results of the post hoc analysis of the 12-month.
OVERVIEW
Shingles, or herpes zoster (HZ), is caused by reactivation, of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) from a latent infection in the dorsal root ganglion.
The purpose of this study was thus to examine the burden of comorbidity, polypharmacy and herpes zoster (HZ), an infectious disease, and its main complication post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) in young (50–70 years of age: 70-) and old (=70 years of age: 70+) patients. This study took place in primary care in France from November 20, 2006 to September 12, 2008. For this study, 644 general practitioners (GPs) collected data from 1358 patients aged 50 years or more with acute eruptive HZ. Validated questionnaires were used to investigate HZ and PHN burden, pain, quality of life (QoL).
The results of this study indicated that older patients more frequently presented with comorbidities, frequently took analgesics and had poorer response on all questionnaires, indicating greater burden, at inclusion as compared with younger patients.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Gisèle Pickering et al. JOURNAL: BMJ Open PUBLISHER: BMJ Group URL: http://www.bmjopen.bmj.com
| 3 | | R330.00 | |
| | Labral Injuries of the Hip: A Review of Diagnosis and Management. | Labral Injuries of the Hip: A Review of Diagnosis and Management.
Labral Injuries of the Hip: A Review of Diagnosis and Management.
Matt Schmer, MChiro, Henry Pollard, Grad DC, MSportSc, PhD, and Wayne Hoskins, MChiro.
Objective: To report the current knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of acetabular labral tears.
Methods: A search of the MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Science Direct indexing systems (1966 to September 2004) was conducted using the following key indexing terms: labrum, labral, hip, acetabulum, injury, and treatment. One hundred eighty-six publications were sourced using this methodology and were considered in this review. The literature was sorted according to publication date and relevance.
Results: There is a small amount of literature on the topic of labral lesions. This is particularly true of the use of conservative (manual therapy) methods for the treatment of labral lesions. The literature on surgical diagnosis and management is more mature; however, longer-term follow-up studies are required to conclusively show the benefit of surgical intervention.
Conclusions: Early diagnosis is important as labral tears may be linked to the progression of hip osteoarthritis. Initial treatment consisting of partial weight-bearing may respond if initiated early. Arthroscopy currently represents the gold standard in both the diagnosis and treatment of labral tears. Future research must investigate the long-term outcomes of partial labrectomy, as well as the efficacy of conservative approaches to care. (J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2005;28:632.e1- 632.e8).
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Leisure-Activity Participation to Prevent Later Life Cognitive Decline. | Leisure-Activity Participation to Prevent Later Life Cognitive Decline.
Leisure-Activity Participation to Prevent Later Life Cognitive Decline.
OVERVIEW
Leisure activity has a role to play in preventing later cognitive life decline. As a matter of fact, the prevention of cognitive decline within the spectrum of normal ageing to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitive impairment with dementia among the elderly has become largely acknowledged as a major public health issue worldwide. This study was therefore carried out following PRISMA guidelines in order to achieve a systematic review. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine many peer review empirical research publications that focused on leisure activity, cognitive decline as well as its prevention. In terms of the research method, 52 articles published between the years 2000 and 2011were searched from reputable databases. Some of the articles were obtained from PubMed/Medline reSEARCH, CINHAL, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, PsychoINFO, ERIC Proquest, the Cochrane library, as well as PsycARTICLES databasis. Results from the study nevertheless supports the conception that participating in leisure activities could significantly prevent dementia. The results were however interpreted using the Human Occupation Model that focuses on key factors which have been identified to have a link between participation in leisure activities and the prevention of dementia.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Mandana Fallahpour, Lena Borell Mark Luborsky, and Louise Nygard JOURNAL: Scandanavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor & Francis Group URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2015.1102320
| 3 | | R395.00 | |
| | Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias. | Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias.
Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias.
OVERVIEW
There are evidences that more than one-third of Ameri¬can households report failing to access needed den¬tal care in each year because of cost. Thus, den¬tal problems are an increasing cause of emergency room visits.
The aim of this study was to explore low-income parents’ perceptions of oral health and of mid-level dental providers as a means of improving access to care. Of course, as states increasingly consider adding mid-level providers to the dental workforce, it is imperative to understand the views of potential patients toward such providers since the success of any strategy depends, in part, upon the willingness of potential patients to be treated by them. The qualitative research methodology was used for this study and in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 low-income parents to assess their perceptions of oral health, access to and need for dental care, and potential acceptance of mid-level dental providers. Interview transcripts were analysed by a team of researchers using interpretive research methods.
The results from this study suggested that the respondents had a strong desire to maintain their families’ oral health, as well as their perception that they face signifi¬cant barriers to receiving needed care.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Nicoll KL, Phillips E, Shaefer HL, Simoncic T. JOURNAL: Functional Neurology PUBLISHER: Nova Science Publisher URL: https://www.novapublishers.com
| 3 | | R475.00 | |
| | Mammography Equipment Design: Impact on Radiographers Practice. | Mammography Equipment Design: Impact on Radiographers Practice.
Mammography Equipment Design: Impact on Radiographers Practice.
OVERVIEW
In today’s world, the high levels of competitive and physical performance from professionals because of the competitive labour market can result in stress and fatigue and may promote the occurrence of errors and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs).
Consequently, the development and adoption of human factors and ergonomic strategies can contribute to a decrease or increase in the quality of a radiographers' work their productivity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify radiographers’ postures during frequent mammography procedures related to the mammography equipment and patient characteristics. During the study, a postural task analysis was performed using images acquired during the simulation of mammography positioning procedure. Simulations included craniocaudal/ (CC) mediolateral-oblique/(MLO) positioning in three different settings: radiographers and patients with similar statures, radiographers smaller than the patients and radiographers taller than the patients. Measurements of postural angles were performed by two raters using adequate software and classified according to the European Standard EN1005-4:2005 + A1:2008.
One of the most significant results of the study was that the most awkward posture in mammography is during the positioning of MLO projection in short-stature patients.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Stefanie Costa & Eva Oliveira & Cláudia Reis & Susana Viegas & Florentino Serranheir JOURNAL: Insights into Imaging PUBLISHER: SpringerLink URL: http://www.springer.com
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Mindful Meditation: A Review of Core Research and Theories, and Implications for Clinical Psychotherapeutic Applications. | Mindful Meditation: A Review of Core Research and Theories, and Implications for Clinical Psychotherapeutic Applications.
Mindful Meditation: A Review of Core Research and Theories, and Implications for Clinical Psychotherapeutic Applications.
Edited By: David Wilson.
The present module investigates one of the most elegantly simple methods of intervention i.e. mindful or breath meditation. Mindful meditation (MM) is rooted in ancient Eastern techniques, but has become a very popular, almost faddish method, applied and practised free of any specific religious belief systems. It has been used to assist in the treatment of a vast array of concerns; from physical illnesses, to pain and stress modulation, through to depression, anxiety, panic disorders, addictions and even attention deficits.
This module includes an article discussing basic principles of mindful meditation in treating anxiety and depression. A podcast from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Mindfulness Awareness Research Centre (MARC) is attached in order to provide a sample of the most basic guided breath meditation. This is NOT compulsory, but the interested researcher is encouraged to explore the innumerable sites which offer free access to different audio-visual meditation experiences.
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Minimally Invasive Methods for Staging in Lung Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. | Minimally Invasive Methods for Staging in Lung Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Minimally Invasive Methods for Staging in Lung Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
OVERVIEW
Recently, the approach to patients with suspected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), has changed [1]. As a matter of fact, several diagnostic and staging methods have been developed to avoid the use of more invasive techniques.
Surgical methods, such as mediastinoscopy, video assisted thoracoscopy (VATS), mediastinal dissection, and lymph node resection, are the reference standard for lung cancer lymph node staging. Nonetheless, minimally invasive methods, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or positron emission tomography (PET), as well as bronchoscopic methods, are alternatives with low complication rates and these methods are often used as the first approach for confirming or excluding metastatic disease. The objective of this study was thus to provide a synthesis of the evidence on the diagnostic performance of EBUS + EUS in patients undergoing mediastinal staging. The method used in carrying out this study was a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at evaluating the diagnostic yield of EBUS + EUS compared with surgical staging.
The study was concluded that EBUS + EUS is a highly accurate and safe procedure and the combined procedure should be considered in selected patients with lymphadenopathy noted at stations that are not traditionally accessible with conventional EBUS.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR: Gonzalo Labarca, Carlos Aravena, Francisco Ortega, Alex Arenas, AdnanMajid, Erik Folch, Hiren J.Mehta, Michael A. Jantz, and Sebastian Fernandez-Bussy JOURNAL: Pulmonary Medicine PUBLISHER: Hindawi Publishing Corporation URL: https://www.hindawi.com
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Occupational science: An important contributor to occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning | Occupational science: An important contributor to occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning
Occupational science: An important contributor to occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning
Overview
Occupational science has a strong influence in the theoretical as well as research based knowledge within occupational therapy. More so, various studies have revealed that the contributions from occupational science are also reflected in clinical reasoning which is a key occupational therapy competence. Clinical reasoning is also considered as an important element of health professional practice as it provides a link between research and practice.
The purpose of this research is for occupational therapists to strive hard to develop their knowledge of occupational science literature and clinical reasoning competence. Thus, the objective of this research is therefore to debate and discuss ways in which occupational science could contribute even further to occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning and inform the occupational therapy curriculum.
After analyzing different point of views of various occupational therapist, it was concluded that more research on the meanings of occupations is important for occupational therapy as a health care profession. It was equally recommended that the subsequent researches should include explorations of the relationship between occupation and development, how occupation changes over the lifespan, how people organize and engage in their daily occupations, as well as the personal and sociocultural meanings of occupation.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Hanne Kaae Kristensen & Kirsten Schultz Petersen JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHERS: Tylor & Francis Group URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2015.1083054
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Occupational Therapy and Sexual and Reproductive Health Promotion in Adolescence: A Case Study. | Occupational Therapy and Sexual and Reproductive Health Promotion in Adolescence: A Case Study.
Occupational Therapy and Sexual and Reproductive Health Promotion in Adolescence: A Case Study.
OVERVIEW
In recent years in Brazil, occupational therapy has increasingly approached the field of health promotion. Thus, the occupational therapists are confronted with different demands especially concerning the adolescent public.
The purpose of this study was therefore to describe an occupational therapy intervention aimed at sexual and reproductive health promotion in adolescents. Fifty-eight adolescents nonetheless participated in this study before, during and after the interventions. It is worth mentioning that during the study, educational activities such as puzzles, storytelling, mime and board game which had been constructed by occupational therapy faculty and students were used. The games were employed as mediators for gaining knowledge in sexual and reproductive health. Data for this study was collected through questionnaire, audio recordings and field diaries meanwhile it was analysed by descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis.
The results nevertheless showed the adolescents’ increased knowledge of sexual and reproductive health information immediately after the intervention.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR: Gontijo DT, de Sena e Vasconcelos AC, Monteiro RJ, Facundes VL, Trajano Mde, de Lima LS JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International PUBLISHER: Wiley Online URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com
| 3 | | R375.00 | |
| | Oral Health Related Quality Of Lfe (OHRQoL) Following Third Molar Surgery in Sub-Saharan Africans: An observational study. | Oral Health Related Quality Of Lfe (OHRQoL) Following Third Molar Surgery in Sub-Saharan Africans: An observational study.
Oral Health Related Quality Of Lfe (OHRQoL) Following Third Molar Surgery in Sub-Saharan Africans: An observational study.
Overview
Surgical extraction of the impacted third molar is one of the commonest minor oral surgical procedures carried out in oral surgery. Problems created by the disturbances in post-extraction wound healing and physiologic sequelae of third molar surgery can significantly affect the patient's quality of life.
The study population consisted of 135 subjects that required surgical extraction of mandibular third molar under local anaesthesia and met the inclusion criteria. Patients were assessed pre-operatively and post-operatively on days 1,3,5,7, and 14 using the United Kingdom Oral Health Related Quality of Life questionnaire (UK-OHRQoL).
This study also showed that surgical removal of impacted teeth exerted a negative influence on patient's Quality of life (QoL) across various physical, social, psychological aspects of life There was a deterioration in oral health related quality of life in the immediate postoperative period particularly POD 1 and 3 following third molar surgery, which slowly returned to preoperative level by 7th day. Routines such as eating, laughing and smiling, work and speech were also affected. Patients need to be informed of these symptoms after third molar removal to enable them to prepare very well for the procedure and its sequelae. Acknowledgement
Author: Ramat Oyebunmi Braimah, Kizito Chioma Ndukwe, Foluso John Owotade, Stephen Babatunde Aregbesola
Journal: PanAfrican Medical Journal
Publisher African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET)
| 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: Biomechanics of the Patellofemoral Joint. | Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: Biomechanics of the Patellofemoral Joint.
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: Biomechanics of the Patellofemoral Joint.
OVERVIEW
At last! ….. An easy to understand insight into the applied biomechanics of the patella. Along with discussions of various exercise and treatment modalities make this online course immediately applicable in your clinical practice
Some authors believe that the patella is not very important in extensor mechanism mechanics (1) and therefore readily recommended patellectomy. Others, on the contrary, attribute to the patella a more prominent role2,3 recommending its preservation whenever possible. The patella acts as a guide for the quadriceps tendon in centralizing the divergent input from the four muscles of the quadriceps, transmitting these forces to the patellar tendon.
Finally, the patella plays a role in the aesthetic appearance of the knee. This can be appreciated in the patellectomized knee in which the flattened ends of the condyles are easily visible with the knee flexed. Of all these functions, the most important role of the patella is in extension of the knee. Patellectomy results in weakened extension of the knee or even incomplete knee extension.
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Patient characteristics associated with risk of first hospital admission and re-admission for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following primary care COPD diagnosis: a cohort study using linked electronic patient records. | Patient characteristics associated with risk of first hospital admission and re-admission for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following primary care COPD diagnosis: a cohort study using linked electronic patient records.
Patient characteristics associated with risk of first hospital admission and re-admission for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following primary care COPD diagnosis: a cohort study using linked electronic patient records.
OVERVIEW
Hospital admission for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant burden on healthcare resources. The readmission rates are equally high. As a matter of fact, COPD is the second most common reason for emergency hospital admission in the UK.
The objective of this study was to investigate patient characteristics of an unselected primary care population associated with risk of first hospital admission and readmission for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). The design of this study was a retrospective open cohort using pseudonymised electronic primary care data linked to secondary care data. The setting of this study was primary care in Lothian Scotland. Participants of this study were from 7002 patients from 72 general practices with a COPD diagnosis date between 2000 and 2008 recorded in their primary care record. The patients were however followed up until 2010, death or they left a participating practice.
Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that several patient characteristics were associated with first AECOPD admission in a primary care cohort of people with COPD but fewer were associated with readmission.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR: L C Hunter, R J Lee, Butcher, C J Weir, C M Fischbacher, D McAllister, S H Wild, N Hewitt, R M Hardie JOURNAL: Respiratory Medicine PUBLISHER: BMJ Open URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com
| 3 | | R355.00 | |
| | Patient Safety Strategies Targeted at Diagnostic Errors. | Patient Safety Strategies Targeted at Diagnostic Errors.
Patient Safety Strategies Targeted at Diagnostic Errors.
OVERVIEW
It is apparent that missed, delayed or incorrect diagnosis can lead to inappropriate patient care, poor patient outcome and increased cost. An operational definition of diagnostic errors include diagnosis that are either unintentionally delayed, wrong or missed.
This study was therefore a systematic review aimed at analysing evaluations of interventions to prevent diagnostic errors. Data for this research was however collected through searches from MEDLINE (1966 to October 2012), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s Patient Safety Network, bibliographies, and prior systematic reviews. During the study, two independent reviewers extracted study data and rated study quality. There were 109 studies that addressed 1 or more interventions such as personnel changes.
The interventions included educational interventions, technique, structured process changes, technology-based systems interventions as well as review methods. However, evidence seemed strongest for technology-based systems (e.g., text message alerting) as well as specific techniques like testing equipment adaptations.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR: Kathryn M. McDonald MM, Brian Matesic BS, Despina G. Contopoulos-Ioannidis MD, Julia Lonhart BS BA, Eric Schmidt BA, Noelle Pineda BA, and John P.A. Ioannidis MD DSc JOURNAL: Annals of Internal Medicine PUBLISHER: ACP URL: https://www.acponline.org/
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Patterns Of Analgesic Use To Relieve Tooth Pain Among Residents In British Columbia, Canada. | Patterns Of Analgesic Use To Relieve Tooth Pain Among Residents In British Columbia, Canada.
Patterns Of Analgesic Use To Relieve Tooth Pain Among Residents In British Columbia, Canada.
Overview
The use of prescription opioids has increased dramatically in Canada in recent decades. This rise in opioid prescriptions has been accompanied by increasing rates of opioid-related abuse and addiction, creating serious public health challenges in British Columbia (BC), one of Canada's most populated provinces. Our study explores the relationship between dental pain and prescription opioid use among residents in BC. We used data from the 2003 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), which asked respondents about their use of specific analgesic medications, including opioids, and their history of tooth pain in the past month.
Our results showed that conventional non-opioid based analgesics (such as aspirin or Tylenol) and opioids were more likely to be used by those who had experienced a toothache in the past month than those who did not report experiencing a toothache. The use of non-opioid painkillers to relieve tooth pain was associated with more recent and more frequent dental visits, better self-reported oral health, and a greater income.
We conclude that programs and policies targeted at improving the dental health of the poor may help to reduce the use of prescription opioids, thereby narrowing health inequalities within the broader society. Acknowledgement Authors: Jamie Moeller, Julie Farmer, Carlos Quiñonez
Journal: PLoS ONE
Publisher: PubMed Central
| 3 | | R375.00 | |
| | Peptic Ulcers | Peptic Ulcers
OVERVIEW
Peptic Ulcers are a common disease characterised by injuries of the gastrointestinal mucosa of the stomach or duodenum. The enzyme pepsin and gastric acid are factors involved in the pathogenesis of ulcers.
The most important risk factors for the development of peptic ulcers are infection with Helicobacter Pylori and the use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). If neither of these factors is present, an alternative aetiology must be sought, such as hypersecretory states (e.g. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome) or one of the other less common causes of ulcer disease, including Crohn's disease, vascular insufficiency, viral infection, radiation therapy, and cancer chemotherapy.
This study looks at the common causes and what medicine to treat with.
| 3 | | R325.00 | |
| | Performance or activities of daily living among hospitalised cancer patients. | Performance or activities of daily living among hospitalised cancer patients.
Performance or activities of daily living among hospitalised cancer patients.
OVERVIEW
It has been revealed that digital radiography encompasses both computed It is evident that problems with performance of activities of daily living (ADL) tasks have an impact on patients’ quality of life as well as their ability to stay independent. Many researches have nonetheless documented that rehabilitation is needed when cancer patients experience decreased ability to perform ADL.
Although rehabilitation may include activities of daily living (ADL) tasks, very little is still known about how cancer patients perform these tasks and how they prioritize their daily activities. The objective of this study was therefore to identify and characterize ADL task performance problems among a group of adult disabled hospitalized cancer patients using interview and questionnaire. This Cross-sectional study on prevalence of ADL task performance problems experienced by disabled hospitalized cancer patients was carried out using the Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.
The results of this study indicated that all 118 patients reported problems with ADL task performance.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR: Line Lindhal-Jacobsen, Dorte Gilsa Hansen, Eva Ejlersen Waehrens, Karen La Cour & Jens Sondergaard JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Online URL: http://www.tandfonline.com
| 3 | | R475.00 | |
| | Periodontitis and bone metabolism in patients with advanced heart failure and after heart transplantation. | Periodontitis and bone metabolism in patients with advanced heart failure and after heart transplantation.
Periodontitis and bone metabolism in patients with advanced heart failure and after heart transplantation.
OVERVIEW
Heart failure (HF) is a pro-inflammatory syndrome with multiorgan involvement caused by the inability of the heart to meet the metabolic demands of the body. The aims of this study are that heart failure (HF) is a multiorgan, pro- inflammatory syndrome that impairs bone metabolism. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and bone catabolism enhance periodontal disease, a local inflammatory, bacteria-induced disease that causes bone loss and periodontal soft tissue destruction.
Medical and dental examinations were performed on patients with HF (n = 39), following heart transplantation (post-HTx, n = 38) and controls (n = 32). Blood, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid were analysed for bone metabolism and inflammation markers. However, adjustment of periodontal results for measures of oral hygiene (plaque, bleeding on probing), systemic 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and race attenuated significant differences between groups.
In conclusion, it was found that patients with HF exhibit more severe periodontal disease associated with increased bone turnover markers when compared with control patients. However, local and systemic factors may account for this association and should be evaluated in future studies
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Ulrike Schulze-Späte1,2 et al. JOURNAL: ESC Heart Failure PUBLISHERS: Wiley Online Library URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Perspectives on the Provision of GDM Screening in General Practice Versus the Hospital Setting. | Perspectives on the Provision of GDM Screening in General Practice Versus the Hospital Setting.
Perspectives on the Provision of GDM Screening in General Practice Versus the Hospital Setting.
OVERVIEW
The prevalence estimate rates for Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are reportedly increasing in many countries due to increasing maternal age and BMI at pregnancy. Untreated GDM has consequences for both maternal and neonatal health in the short term, including macrosomia, increased risk of caesarean section delivery and increased neonatal unit admission rates.
The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate perspectives of involved stakeholders on the provision of GDM screening at both settings. This study was thus, a thematic analysis of the perspectives of stakeholders involved in the receiving and provision of GDM screening in both the GP and hospital settings drawn from focus groups and interviews. Three groups of participants were involved in this research. They included patient participants, GP screening providers as well as hospital screening providers. The participants for this study were recruited from a geographical area covered by 3 hospitals in Ireland.
The study was nonetheless concluded that the influence of travel distance from the screening site is the most important factor influencing willingness to attend for GDM screening among women who live a considerable distance from the hospital setting.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR: Marie Tierney, Angela O’Dea, Andrii Danyliv, Louise Carmody, Brian E McGuire, Liam G Glynn, Fidelma Dunne JOURNAL: Journal of Clinical Pathology PUBLISHER: BMJ Open URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/
| 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | Placebo effects in trials evaluating 12 selected minimally invasive interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | Placebo effects in trials evaluating 12 selected minimally invasive interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Placebo effects in trials evaluating 12 selected minimally invasive interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
OVERVIEW
The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of placebo effects on outcome in trials of selected minimally invasive procedures and to assess reported adverse events in both trial arms. The design for this study was nonetheless a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The data for this study was selected by searching MEDLINE and Cochrane library so as to identify systematic reviews of musculoskeletal, neurological and cardiac conditions that were published between January 2009 and January 2014 comparing selected minimally invasive with placebo (sham) procedures. During this research, effect sizes (ES) in the active and placebo arms in the trials’ primary and pooled secondary end points were calculated. The association between end points in the active and sham groups were nevertheless analysed using the linear regression.
This study was however concluded that the generally small differences in ES between active treatment and sham suggest that nonspecific mechanisms, including placebo, are major predictors of the observed effects
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR: Robin Holtedahl, Jens Ivar Brox, Ole Tjomsland JOURNAL: Stroke and Vascular Neurology PUBLISHER: BMJ Open URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/
| 3 | | R375.00 | |
| | Point-of-care C reactive protein for the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection in NHS primary care. | Point-of-care C reactive protein for the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection in NHS primary care.
Point-of-care C reactive protein for the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection in NHS primary care.
OVERVIEW
Most often, majority of patients presenting to primary care with a suspected lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) are prescribed antibiotics. That doesn’t however change the fact that most respiratory tract infections are viral and only marginal benefit is achieved from the prescription of antibiotics that in some cases does not outweigh the risk of harm.
The aim of this research was thus to determine the barriers and facilitators to adoption of POC CRP testing in National Health Service (NHS) primary care for the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection. This study was however done following a qualitative methodology based on grounded theory. This study was however undertaken in two stages. The first consisted of semi structured interviews with 8 clinicians from Europe and the UK who use the test in routine practice, and focused on their subjective experience in the challenges of implementing POC CRP testing. The second stage on the other hand was a multidisciplinary-facilitated workshop with NHS stakeholders to discuss barriers to adoption, impact of adoption and potential adoption scenarios.
The study concluded that Successful adoption models from the UK and abroad demonstrate a distinctive pattern and involve collaboration with central laboratory services.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR: Jeremy R Huddy, Melody Z Ni, James Barlow, Azeem Majeed, George B Hanna JOURNAL: Journal of Clinical Pathology PUBLISHER: BMJ Open URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/
| 3 | | R355.00 | |
| | Pornography Addiction in the Context of the Concepts of Supranormal Stimuli and Neuroplasticity. | Pornography Addiction in the Context of the Concepts of Supranormal Stimuli and Neuroplasticity.
Pornography Addiction in the Context of the Concepts of Supranormal Stimuli and Neuroplasticity.
Edited By: David Wilson.
Addiction has been a divisive term when applied to various compulsive sexual behaviours (CSBs), including obsessive use of pornography. Despite a growing acceptance of the existence of natural or process addictions based on an increased understanding of the function of the mesolimbic dopaminergic reward systems, there has been a reticence to label CSBs as potentially addictive. While pathological gambling (PG) and obesity have received greater attention in functional and behavioural studies, evidence increasingly supports the description of CSBs as an addiction.
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Postextubation Dysphagia in Critical Patients: A First Report from the Largest Step-Down Intensive Care Unit in Greece. | Postextubation Dysphagia in Critical Patients: A First Report from the Largest Step-Down Intensive Care Unit in Greece.
Postextubation Dysphagia in Critical Patients: A First Report from the Largest Step-Down Intensive Care Unit in Greece.
OVERVIEW
Oropharyngeal dysphagia or swallowing disorders refers to difficulty receiving, maintaining, and transferring food and liquids from the mouth to the oesophagus. If this is left untreated, it can result to serious complications such as social isolation, respiratory compromise, aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, and death.
The purpose of this study was to provide preliminary data on the occurrence and impact of postextubation dysphagia in the largest Greek step-down intensive care unit (ICU) over 2 years. This research was however a retrospective observational cohort study of patients referred for swallowing assessment postextubation that was conducted from November 2011, to August 2013. Results from this study indicated that of the 357 patients admitted to the unit during this period, 87, aged 55.8 ± 18.1 years (61 male, 26 female), were referred and evaluated. Of these, 2.3% were found to have no dysphagia, and 21.8% and 75.9% were diagnosed with mild and moderate/severe dysphagia, respectively.
The results of this study suggested the importance of early dysphagia management in critical patients in Greece and globally.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR: Georgia A. Malandraki, Vasiliki Markaki, Voula C. Georgopoulos, Loukia Psychogios, and Serafim Nanas JOURNAL: American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology PUBLISHER: ASHA URL: http://www.asha.org
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Potential Workload in Applying Clinical Practice Guidelines for Patients with chronic conditions and multimorbidity. | Potential Workload in Applying Clinical Practice Guidelines for Patients with chronic conditions and multimorbidity.
Potential Workload in Applying Clinical Practice Guidelines for Patients with chronic conditions and multimorbidity.
OVERVIEW
Multimorbidity, defined as the coexistence of chronic conditions, is becoming the norm in primary care settings. The objective of this study was to describe the potential workload for patients with multimorbidity when applying existing clinical practice guidelines.
The design for this study was a systematic analysis of clinical practice guidelines for chronic conditions and simulation modelling approach. Data was obtained from the National Guideline Clearinghouse index of US clinical practice guidelines. The most recent guidelines for adults with 1 of 6 prevalent chronic conditions in primary care (i.e. hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), osteoarthritis and depression) were identified. From the guidelines, all recommended health-related activities (HRAs) such as drug management, self-monitoring, visits to the doctor, laboratory tests and changes of lifestyle for a patient aged 45–64 years with moderate severity of conditions were extracted.
Results from this study indicated that depending on the concomitant chronic condition, patients with 3 chronic conditions complying with all the guidelines would have to take a minimum of 6 to a maximum of 13 medications per day, visit a health caregiver a minimum of 1.2 to a maximum of 5.9 times per month, etc.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR: Céline Buffel du Vaure, Philippe Ravaud, Gabriel Baron, Caroline Barnes, Serge Gilberg, Isabelle Boutron JOURNAL: BMJ Global Health PUBLISHER: BMJ Open URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com
| 3 | | R375.00 | |
| | Practice Issues. | Practice Issues.
OVERVIEW
It is important to note that the responses to the various questions are the views independently expressed and are not necessarily opinions shared by cpdexpress.co.za. As matters involving Ethics and the law are subject to interpretation, the responses cannot, in any way, be regarded as binding or necessarily endorsed by the regulatory authorities.
There are ethical dilemmas regarding patients, colleagues and associates that one doesn’t even consider until they become issues in their practice. There are many questions to be asked regarding ethics, touting, canvassing, advertising, competition and many other issues that need to be addressed and this article addresses most of them.
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Prevalence of dry eye disease in visual display terminal workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | Prevalence of dry eye disease in visual display terminal workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Prevalence of dry eye disease in visual display terminal workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
OVERVIEW
Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most frequently established diagnoses in ophthalmology. It also represents a growing public health concern, with consequences that remain widely underestimated. This illness causes significant impact on visual function, which may affect quality of life as well as work productivity.
The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of dry eye disease (DED) in workers using visual display terminals (VDT). The design of this study was a systematic review and meta-analysis. Data was obtained for studies reporting DED prevalence in VDT workers via PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Science Direct databases. 16 of the 9049 identified studies were included, with a total of 11 365 VDT workers.
Results from this study indicated that important heterogeneity (I2=98.8%, p<0.0001) was observed, despite a global DED prevalence of 49.5% (95% CI 47.5 to50.6), ranging from 9.5% to 87.5%. This study however recommended the necessity of implementing common DED diagnostic criteria to allow a more reliable estimation to develop the appropriate preventive occupational actions.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR: Romain Courtin, Bruno Pereira, Geraldine Naughton, Alain Chamoux, Frédéric Chiambaretta, Charlotte Lanhers, Frédéric Dutheil JOURNAL: BMJ Ophthalmology PUBLISHER: BMJ Open URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com
| 3 | | R350.00 | |
| | Primary care randomised controlled trial of a tailored interactive website for the self-management of respiratory infections (Internet Doctor). | Primary care randomised controlled trial of a tailored interactive website for the self-management of respiratory infections (Internet Doctor).
Primary care randomised controlled trial of a tailored interactive website for the self-management of respiratory infections (Internet Doctor).
OVERVIEW
Respiratory tract infection (RTI) is very common and most people suffer from it every year. Some people even suffer from it more than once with consulting primary care at least once each year, which represents a significant call on healthcare resources.
The objective of this stud was to assess an internet-delivered intervention providing advice to manage respiratory tract infections (RTIs). The design for this study was an open pragmatic parallel group randomized controlled trial meanwhile the setting was primary care in the United Kingdom. The participants of this study were adults (aged =18) registered with general practitioners, recruited by postal invitation. The intervention of this research however tailored advices about the diagnosis, natural history, symptom management (particularly paracetamol/ibuprofen use) and when to seek further help.
Out of the 3044 participants that were recruited for this study, 852 in the intervention group and 920 in the control group reported 1 or more RTIs, among whom there was a modest increase in NHS direct contacts in the intervention group (intervention 37/1574 (2.4%) versus control 20/1661 (1.2%); multivariate risk ratio (RR) 2.25 (95% CI 1.00 to 5.07, p=0.048)).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Paul Little, Beth Stuart, Panayiota Andreou, Lisa McDermott, Judith Joseph, Mark Mullee, Mike Moore, Sue Broomfield, Tammy Thomas, Lucy Yardley JOURNAL: Respiratory Medicine PUBLISHER: BMJ Open URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com
| 3 | | R330.00 | |
| | Private Practice: The Do's And Don'ts. | Private Practice: The Do's And Don'ts.
Private Practice: The Do's And Don'ts.
OVERVIEW
You have studied extensively to become a healthcare professional in your field of study. You have learned and become adept at identifying a vast range of conditions. You can diagnose and effectively treat those conditions within the scope of the discipline.
Now you are faced with a plethora of dilemmas. What is fair value for your services? What appliances are appropriate and reasonable? What commercial and legal structures are appropriate for you? What influence may these commercial and legal structures have on your clinical recommendations? Who may have access to your record cards? What responsibility can you delegate to your staff? Who carries final responsibility for payment of your claims – member or medical aid? What constitutes anti-competitive behavior?
This is a very informative article that will help you to run your practice within the various guidelines.
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Prognostic Factors for Disability and Sick Leave Patients with Subacute Non-Malignant Pain. | Prognostic Factors for Disability and Sick Leave Patients with Subacute Non-Malignant Pain.
Prognostic Factors for Disability and Sick Leave Patients with Subacute Non-Malignant Pain.
OVERVIEW
Pain is one of the most common reasons patients consult general practice. It has been observed that long-term disability and sick leave due to a pain conditions are associated with huge negative consequences for the individual and for society.
The objective of this systematic review was therefore to identify generic prognostic factors for disability and sick leave in sub-acute pain patients. The setting of this study was nevertheless general practice and other primary care facilities. Participants in this study were adults (>18 years) with a sub-acute non-malignant pain condition. 19 studies were included, referring to a total of 6266 patients suffering from pain in the head, neck, back and shoulders. The primary outcome of this study was long-term disability (>3 months) due to a pain condition whereas the secondary outcome was sick leave, defined as ‘absence from work’ or ‘return-to-work. Data was obtained through a search via PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and PEDro databases from 16 from January 2003 to 16 January 2014.
The study was concluded that multiple site pain, high pain severity, older age, baseline disability and longer pain duration were potential prognostic factors for disability across pain sites.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR: Gitte H Valentin, Marc S Pilegaard, Henrik B Vaegter, Marianne Rosendal, Lisbeth Ørtenblad, Ulla Væggemose, Robin Christensen JOURNAL: BMJ General Practice PUBLISHER: BMJ Open URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com
| 3 | | R365.00 | |
| | Qualitative study to conceptualise a model of interprofessional collaboration between pharmacists and general practitioners to support patients’ adherence to medication. | Qualitative study to conceptualise a model of interprofessional collaboration between pharmacists and general practitioners to support patients’ adherence to medication.
Qualitative study to conceptualise a model of interprofessional collaboration between pharmacists and general practitioners to support patients’ adherence to medication.
OVERVIEW
Hospital admission for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a One of the most significant issues for patients, prescribers and healthcare systems across the globe remains medication non-adherence. Therefore, pharmacists and general practitioners (GPs) face an increasing expectation to collaborate interprofessionally on many healthcare issues, including medication non-adherence.
This study aimed at proposing a model of interprofessional collaboration within the context of identifying and improving medication non-adherence in primary care. The setting of this study was in primary care in Sydney (Australia). During this study, three focus groups were conducted with pharmacists while the primary and secondary outcome measures were qualitative investigation of GP and pharmacist interactions with each other, specifically around supporting their patients’ medication adherence. During this study, audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and transcripts thematically analysed using a combination of manual and computer coding.
The results identified 3 themes pertaining to inter professional collaboration. The three themes included: (1) frequency, (2) co-collaborators and (3) nature of communication which included 2 subthemes (method of communication and type of communication).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Adam P Rathbone, Sarab M Mansoor, Ines Krass, Kim Hamrosi, Parisa Aslani JOURNAL: BMJ Open PUBLISHER: BMJ URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com
| 3 | | R325.00 | |
| | Radial optic neurotomy in treating central retina vein occlusion. | Radial optic neurotomy in treating central retina vein occlusion.
Radial optic neurotomy in treating central retina vein occlusion.
OVERVIEW
It has been proven that retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is an important cause of vision loss and indeed a common retinal vascular disease secondary to diabetic retinopathy. Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), which can block all venous outflow and result in severe complications, counts the most important in the realm of RVO.
The treatment modalities for CRVO nonetheless include close observation and other active treatments such as laser photocoagulation, intravitreal injection of anti-inflammatory agents and surgical approaches. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of radial optic neurotomy (RON) in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) treatment with a Meta-analysis. Comprehensive articles that compared efficacy of RON with that of other treatments in CRVO were searched from electronic databases. 200 eyes from 5 studies were included in this study.
The results however indicated that no significant differences were found between groups with and without RON in improvement of visual acuity (VA) at 6mo follow up (pooled RR 0.51, 95%CI 0.22 to 1.18, =0.117) while improvement of VA showed significantly favourable in patients receiving RON treatment at 12mo follow –up (pooled RR 2.27, 95% CI 1.31 to 3.95, =0.004).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Zen-Na Chen, Yan Shao, Xiao-Rong Li JOURNAL: Journal of Opthalmic & Vision Research PUBLISHER: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow URL: http://www.medknow.com
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Radiographer Delivered Fluoroscopy Reduces Radiation Exposure During Endoscopic Urological Procedures. | Radiographer Delivered Fluoroscopy Reduces Radiation Exposure During Endoscopic Urological Procedures.
Radiographer Delivered Fluoroscopy Reduces Radiation Exposure During Endoscopic Urological Procedures.
OVERVIEW
Endourology specialises in the minimally invasive telescopic inspection of the urinary tract. Nonetheless, endourology is a subspecialty of urology that has evolved thanks in part to fluoroscopy, which allows real-time imaging during procedures such as nephrostomy insertion, retrograde ureter pyelography, as well as flexible ureterorenoscopy. However, urologists often use fluoroscopy during endoscopic surgical procedures.
In some institutions, this is delivered by a radiographer meanwhile in others, it is delivered by the urological surgeon. The objective of this study is to determine if radiographer-delivered fluoroscopy can reduce the exposure to ionising radiation during urological procedures. 395 consecutive patients, who underwent endoscopic urological procedures requiring fluoroscopy were analysed. This study was however performed simultaneously across two institutions, over a 4-month period. 321 patients were matched and included in the analysis.
The results from this study nevertheless indicated that radiographer delivered fluoroscopy could reduce the patient’s exposure to ionising radiation for some urological procedures.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Martin J, Hennessey DB, Young M, Pahuja A JOURNAL: The Ulster Medical Journal PUBLISHER: Ulster Medical Society URL: http://www.ums.ac.u
| 3 | | R415.00 | |
| | Recommendations for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in pediatric trauma patients. | Recommendations for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in pediatric trauma patients.
Recommendations for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in pediatric trauma patients.
Overview
Venous thromboembolism also known as VTE has become increasingly very rampant. Nevertheless, the incidence is more common in children than in adults. Similarly, the incidence the incidence of VTE is higher in injured children than in the general population of uninjured hospitalized children.
To this effect, much scrutiny is therefore given to hospital acquired VTE as a qualitative initiative to prevent VTE. The hypothesis of this study is that several factors such as older age, injury severity, obesity, central venous catheter (CVC) use, Mechanical ventilation, inotrope use, blood transfusion, pelvic or lower extremity fracture, spinal cord injury, and intensive care unit stay have been associated with VTE in children.
The objective of this study is therefore to investigate when the benefit of pharmacologic prophylaxis to reduce the risk of VTE outweighs the risk, particularly the risk of bleeding. More so, the efficacy of anticoagulation to prevent VTE is unknown in this population. During the study, a modified Delphi method was used to develop consensus, according to previously published methodologies. According results of this study, most expert respondents agreed that ‘‘injured children who can walk may need routine VTE prophylaxis based on other factors.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Sheila J. Hanson, MD, MS, E. Vincent S. Faustino, MD, MHS, Arash Mahajerin, MD, MSCr, Sarah H. O’Brien, MD, Christian J. Streck, MD, A. Jill Thompson, PharmD, Toni M. Petrillo, MD, and john K. Petty, MD, Winston-Salem JOURNAL: Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery PUBLISHERS: Wolters Kluwer URL: http://journals.lww.com
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Relational Psychotherapy: Conceptual and Clinical Applications of Interpersonal Non-Verbal Resonance. | Relational Psychotherapy: Conceptual and Clinical Applications of Interpersonal Non-Verbal Resonance.
Relational Psychotherapy: Conceptual and Clinical Applications of Interpersonal Non-Verbal Resonance.
Edited By: David Wilson.
The article by Ben-Shahar (2012) explores ancient and modern explanations and clinical material, reflecting on the nature and therapeutic potentials related to non-verbal communication or relational resonance.
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Relationship between Quantified Instrumental Swallowing Examination and Comprehensive Clinical Swallowing Examination. | Relationship between Quantified Instrumental Swallowing Examination and Comprehensive Clinical Swallowing Examination.
Relationship between Quantified Instrumental Swallowing Examination and Comprehensive Clinical Swallowing Examination.
OVERVIEW
Clinical swallowing examination (CSE) is used in evaluating whether a subject has dysphagia. However, it also includes various clinical methods such as recording the history of the subject’s swallowing difficulty; observing the anatomical structures of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx; testing sensory and motor functions, behaviour, level of consciousness and speech language ability; and performing a swallowing trial.
Nevertheless, the objective of this study was to identify the correlation between the Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MASA) and the Videofluoroscopic Dysphagia Scale (VDS) to investigate the applicability of the MASA as a follow-up test of swallowing function. Criterion validity was assessed for MASA results versus VDS scores of tests administered to 54 patients who had a stroke and dysphagia. The results of this study indicated that there was a significant correlation between the MASA and the VDS (correlation coefficient =_0.509).
The results from this study further indicated that the MASA holds adequate clinical test–re-test and inter-rater reliabilities and criterion validity for measuring the swallowing abilities of Korean patients who had a stroke and dysphagia.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Jong-Chi Oh, Ji-Hyuk Park, Min-Ye Jung, Eun-Young Yoo, Ki-Yeon Chang & Teak-Young Lee JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International PUBLISHER: Wiley URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com
| 3 | | R355.00 | |
| | Renal Failure and Acute Coronary Syndrome Due to Use of Cannabis in a 26 year old young male. | Renal Failure and Acute Coronary Syndrome Due to Use of Cannabis in a 26 year old young male.
Renal Failure and Acute Coronary Syndrome Due to Use of Cannabis in a 26 year old young male.
OVERVIEW
Cannabis, which is produced from leaves of plants called Cannabis sativa is mostly used by youths in most parts of the world, Europe inclusive. However, there are believes that cannabis is a relatively benign substance, just like alcohol and tobacco as compared to the adverse effects that heroin, ecstasy, and cocaine are associated with.
Although it is pleasure inducing, C. sativa has also some side effects in various organ systems, particularly the cardiovascular system. Sometimes, it may even threaten life. This paper is basically a case report of a 26-year-oldmale patient presenting to emergency department with acute coronary syndrome and acute renal failure. It is worth mentioning that this patient had used various forms of cannabis for a long time and had a number cardiovascular risk factors. In this article, the mechanism of action of cannabis was also discussed and analysed.
The study was concluded that coronary heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, and acute renal failure as a complication of cannabis use are likely to increase in the future.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Turgut Karabag, Burcu Ozturk, Seda Guven, Nurettin Coskun, Erkan Ilhan, Nihan Turhan Caglar JOURNAL: International Journal of the Cardiovascular Academy PUBLISHER: Elsevier Inc URL: https://www.elsevier.com
| 3 | | R350.00 | |
| | Retrospective analysis of the quality of reports by author-suggested and non-author-suggested reviewers in journals operating on open or single-blind peer review models. | Retrospective analysis of the quality of reports by author-suggested and non-author-suggested reviewers in journals operating on open or single-blind peer review models.
Retrospective analysis of the quality of reports by author-suggested and non-author-suggested reviewers in journals operating on open or single-blind peer review models.
OVERVIEW
The three types of peer review models mostly operated by scholarly journals include single blind, where the reviewers know the identity of the authors but not vice versa; open peer review, where authors and reviewers both know each other’s identity, and finally, the double-blind peer review where the author and reviewer names are both blinded.
The objective of this research was to assess whether reports from reviewers recommended by authors show a bias in quality and recommendation for editorial decision, compared with reviewers suggested by other parties, and whether reviewer reports for journals operating on open or single-blind peer review models differ about report quality and reviewer recommendations. The design of this study was nonetheless, a retrospective analysis of the quality of reviewer reports using an established Review Quality Instrument, and analysis of reviewer recommendations and author satisfaction surveys.
The samples used for this research were two hundred reviewer reports submitted to BMC Infectious Diseases, 200 reviewer reports submitted to BMC Microbiology and 400 reviewer reports submitted to the Journal of Inflammation.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Maria K Kowalczuk, Frank Dudbridge, Shreeya Nanda, Stephanie L Harriman, Jigisha Patel, Elizabeth C Moylan JOURNAL: Communication Research PUBLISHER: BMJ Open URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com
| 3 | | R355.00 | |
| | Rewarding yet demanding: client perspectives on enabling occupations during early stages of recovery from Schizophrenia. | Rewarding yet demanding: client perspectives on enabling occupations during early stages of recovery from Schizophrenia.
Rewarding yet demanding: client perspectives on enabling occupations during early stages of recovery from Schizophrenia.
OVERVIEW
Schizophrenia is known to be a severe mental illness that is characterized by psychotic symptoms, negative symptoms such as apathy and anhedonia, as well as impaired cognitive functioning. Schizophrenia can also result to significant risk of impaired functioning in areas such as self-care, independent living skills, social relationships, work, and going to school.
The aim of this study was therefore to seek a better understanding of how people with schizophrenia experience an occupational therapy intervention designed to enable them to carry out meaningful occupations in the early phases of recovery. The methodology of this research was a qualitative design that comprised of an eight-week client-centred occupational therapy intervention with semi-structured interviews of five of the six clients out of 10 who completed the intervention. It is imperative to acknowledge that Braun and Clark’s thematic analysis was applied to the transcripts.
Results from this study indicated that participants valued engaging in real-life occupations while anchoring new strategies.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: S.T.B. Bjørkedal, A.M.B. Torsting and T. Møller JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis URL: http://www.tandfonline.com
| 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | Saliva Defender of the Mouth and Mirror to the Body. | Saliva Defender of the Mouth and Mirror to the Body.
Saliva Defender of the Mouth and Mirror to the Body.
OVERVIEW Saliva is an active and versatile fluid in the body that plays a key role in maintaining and preserving the health of the oral environment. In addition to how it serves the oral cavity, saliva is an instrumental tool in gauging the body’s overall systemic health. Therefore, while central to the mouth, the scope of the function of saliva goes beyond the mouth and is so vast that it contributes to the health matters of the entire body, working to keep it at a level of homeostasis.
The goal of this paper is to inform the reader about the characteristics of saliva as a critical medium to systemic health, the role it plays in oral health and the overall well-being of an individual.
An exploration of the component parts of saliva will be provided, to give a background understanding to its vital and multi-functional role. Next, a breakdown of the variety of purposes that saliva serves will be presented. Finally, factors associated with impaired salivary function will be examined.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Dailee Louis and Mehmouna Aslam, BS.
JOURNAL: The Dental Assistant PUBLISHER: The Dental Assistant Journal https://www.adaausa.org
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Sexual Addiction: A Psychological Controversy in the Content of Current Neurobiology and Social Technological Factors. | Sexual Addiction: A Psychological Controversy in the Content of Current Neurobiology and Social Technological Factors.
Sexual Addiction: A Psychological Controversy in the Content of Current Neurobiology and Social Technological Factors.
OVERVIEW
Sexual motivation is a fundamental behaviour in human. For a long time, this behaviour has been somehow ignored from psychological and neuroscientific research. In this article – reflecting the collaboration of a clinical psychologist and a neuroscientist – we show that in the current period, sexual affiliation is one of the most promising affiliation context to articulate a debate, a dialog and convergence points between psychoanalysis and neuroscience. Recent data on healthy sexual behaviour and its compulsive variant are discussed under the prism of neuroscience and psychoanalysis.
An introduction to the integration of modern psychoanalytic findings regarding the existence of the notion of sexual addiction with details of typical core personality traits and defenses and attempts to correlate psychic phenomena with numerous neurobiological explorations. The editor stresses the questions arising from our unique social context in which digital pornographic exposure has become pervasive.
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Sjögren’s syndrome: oral manifestations and treatment, a dental perspective. | Sjögren’s syndrome: oral manifestations and treatment, a dental perspective.
Sjögren’s syndrome: oral manifestations and treatment, a dental perspective.
OVERVIEW Sjögren’s syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease affecting approximately 3 million Amer¬icans, primarily peri-menopausal women. The syndrome is characterized by dysfunction and destruction of exocrine glands leading to oral and ocular manifestations, xerostomia and keratitis sicca. Sjögren’s syndrome commonly remains either undiagnosed or is diagnosed years after the onset of symptoms.
Di¬agnosis is based on the concurrent presence of various signs and symptoms of the disease as established by 6 diagnostic standards set by the American European Consensus Group standards: oral symptoms, ocular symptoms, evidence of oral signs, evidence of ocular dryness, evidence of salivary gland involve¬ment with positive Anti-Ro/La autoantibodies and a positive gland biopsy.
With an aging population and heavier reliance on medications and treatments which cause xerostomia, oral health professionals are likely to encounter a higher incidence of xerostomia and Sjögren’s syndrome more than ever before. The dental professional must recognize the signs and symp¬toms of xerostomia, include Sjögren’s syndrome in their differential diagnosis, and communicate those findings and concerns to other health care providers, including the primary care physician, rheumatolo¬gist and ophthalmologist for evaluation in a timely fashion. This article discusses the dental professional’s role in formulating a preventive oral health plan.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Deborah L. Cartee, RDH, MS; Shannon Maker, RDH, BS; Debra Dalonges, RDH, BS; Marion C. Manski, RDH, MS
JOURNAL: The Journal of Dental Hygiene Assistant PUBLISHER: The American Dental Assistants Association https://www.adaausa.org
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Spinal Reflex Excitability Changes After Cervical and Lumbar Spine Manipulation: A Comparative Study. | Spinal Reflex Excitability Changes After Cervical and Lumbar Spine Manipulation: A Comparative Study.
Spinal Reflex Excitability Changes After Cervical and Lumbar Spine Manipulation: A Comparative Study.
J. Donald Dishman, DC, MSc, Jeanmarie Burke, PhD.
Spinal manipulation (SM) is a commonly employed non-operative treatment modality in the management of patients with neck, low back or pelvic pain. One basic physiologic response to SM is a transient decrease in moto-neuron activity as assessed using the Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) technique. Previous research from our laboratory indicates that both SM with a high velocity, low-amplitude thrust and mobilization without thrust produced a profound but transient attenuation of moto-neuronal activity of the lumbosacral spine in asymptomatic subjects. To date, effects of cervical SM procedures on the excitability cervical moto-neuron pools are unknown.
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Sports Injuries and Rehabilitation - Part 1: Shoulder Pain in the Sportsperson. | Sports Injuries and Rehabilitation - Part 1: Shoulder Pain in the Sportsperson.
Sports Injuries and Rehabilitation - Part 1: Shoulder Pain in the Sportsperson.
OVERVIEW
In recent years, there have been many advances in the assessment and treatment of shoulder pain. Part one of these on-line courses reviews: such as the functional anatomy of the shoulder complex; the key features of the clinical history; how to conduct a swift and effective physical examination; investigations; treatment of important shoulder conditions;
"This was an arthroscopic and, as much as possible, non-invasive procedure. With aggressive rehabilitation, I expect to be back in form for the Shark Shootout (in December 2009)". Confident golfer Greg Norman after having an arthroscopic superior labral repair (SLAP lesion) and a partial rotator cuff repair (October 2009) "Having made the decision to have surgery in September in order to facilitate my playing the Shark, Shootout, I am disappointed. At the same time, I understand it would not be prudent to rush my return to competitive golf.” Norman's new plan was to return to practice in February 2010 and competition in the following months.
This course will cover the various reviews in detail together with graphic illustrations of the reviews. It is very important to follow up this course with Part 2 as well as.
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Sports Injuries and Rehabilitation: Principles for Shoulder Rehabilitation: Part 2. | Sports Injuries and Rehabilitation: Principles for Shoulder Rehabilitation: Part 2.
Sports Injuries and Rehabilitation: Principles for Shoulder Rehabilitation: Part 2.
OVERVIEW
This course is based on the physiology and biomechanics of the shoulder. It will provide very effective rehabilitation protocols in terms of return to play. This course will assist you to diagnose not only local anatomical lesions, such as rotator cuff tear or Bankart lesion, but also the biomechanical deficits that exist in the shoulder girdle and spine However, that’s not all! Distant disorders such as inflexibilities of hip rotation, short hamstrings, or the stiff back also often contribute to shoulder abnormalities. There are no definitive studies on the most effective rehabilitation protocols for the shoulder. However, in practice, certain protocols based on physiology and biomechanics have provided very good outcomes in terms of return to play. There are two parts to this course. The course will enable you to make a complete diagnosis and to look beyond the injured tissues to tissues that may be overloaded. You will also learn to detect functional biomechanical deficits as well as the subclinical adaptations that sports people use to try to maintain performance OVERVIEW
This course is based on the physiology and biomechanics of the shoulder. It will provide very effective rehabilitation protocols in terms of return to play. This course will assist you to diagnose not only local anatomical lesions, such as rotator cuff tear or Bankart lesion, but also the biomechanical deficits that exist in the shoulder girdle and spine However, that’s not all! Distant disorders such as inflexibilities of hip rotation, short hamstrings, or the stiff back also often contribute to shoulder abnormalities. There are no definitive studies on the most effective rehabilitation protocols for the shoulder. However, in practice, certain protocols based on physiology and biomechanics have provided very good outcomes in terms of return to play. There are two parts to this course. The course will enable you to make a complete diagnosis and to look beyond the injured tissues to tissues that may be overloaded. You will also learn to detect functional biomechanical deficits as well as the subclinical adaptations that sports people use to try to maintain performance.
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Steps towards Smarter Solutions in Optometry and Ophthalmology — Inter Device Agreement of Subjective Methods to Assess the Refractive Errors of the Eye. | Steps towards Smarter Solutions in Optometry and Ophthalmology — Inter Device Agreement of Subjective Methods to Assess the Refractive Errors of the Eye.
Steps towards Smarter Solutions in Optometry and Ophthalmology — Inter Device Agreement of Subjective Methods to Assess the Refractive Errors of the Eye.
OVERVIEW
It was recently reviewed that uncorrected refractive errors, such as myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism, have a high impact on the prevalence of visual impairment or blindness. There are also indications that the prevalence of refractive errors is increasing.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the inter-device agreement and mean differences between a newly developed digital phoropter and the two standard methods. The two standard methods are trial frame and manual phoropter. During this study, refractive errors of two groups of participants were measured by two examiners (examiner 1 (E1): 36 subjects; examiner 2 (E2): 38 subjects). Refractive errors were assessed using a trial frame, a manual phoropter and a digital phoropter.
However, analysing the variances between the three methods for SE, J0 and J45 using a two-way ANOVA showed no significant differences between the methods (SE: p = 0.13, J0: p = 0.58 and J45: p = 0.96) for examiner 1 and for examiner 2 (SE: p = 0.88, J0: p = 0.95 and J45: p = 1).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Arne Ohlendorf, Alexander Leube and Siegfried Wahl JOURNAL: Healthcare PUBLISHER: MDPI URL: http://www.mdpi.com
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Streptococcus Mutans and tooth Decay. | Streptococcus Mutans and tooth Decay.
Streptococcus Mutans and tooth Decay.
OVERVIEW Ever since the dental profession developed, dentists have been trying to treat and properly inform people about the prevention of tooth decay. Researchers have linked as many as two to three hundred different bacterial species to the production of the decay. However, one specific bacteria has been linked to be the main pathogenic cause of cavities, Streptococcus Mutans.
Tooth decay is the breakdown of enamel on the dentin in the oral cavity. It can be a problem for anyone of any age. However, decay is more common among children. Streptococcus Mutans are facultative anaerobes that are found in the human oral cavity. They are gram-positive cocci shaped bacteria and is a major cause of tooth decay. Tooth decay can dramatically influence the health of a person if not taken care of.
Streptococcus Mutans can be found located on the teeth appearing as a chalky white spot on the surface of the tooth indicating an area of demineralization of enamel, which is commonly referred to as a carious lesion. Tooth decay can damage, not only health, but has an impact on one’s self-esteem as well.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Kaley Johnson, CDA Certified Dental Assistant Dr Harold Brown
JOURNAL: The Journal of Dental Hygiene Assistant PUBLISHER: The American Dental Assistants Association https://www.adaausa.org
| 3 | | R370.00 | |
| | Systematic review of prognostic models for recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) post-treatment of first unprovoked VTE. | Systematic review of prognostic models for recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) post-treatment of first unprovoked VTE.
Systematic review of prognostic models for recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) post-treatment of first unprovoked VTE.
OVERVIEW
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a chronic condition with estimated incidence at 1 per 1000 person years. In fact, it is the third most common cardiovascular disease after heart attack.
This condition often presents as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), with some patients suffering an embolism in the lungs known as a pulmonary embolism. Therefore, the objective of this study was to review studies developing or validating a prognostic model for individual venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence risk following cessation of therapy for a first unprovoked VTE0. This review basically aims at determining whether reliable prognostic models exist and, if not, what further research is needed within the field.
For this study, bibliographic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched using index terms relating to the clinical field and prognosis.by the end of the study, 3 unique prognostic models were identified including the HERDOO2 score, Vienna prediction model and DASH score.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Joie Ensor, Richard D Riley, David Moore, Kym E Snell, Susan Bayliss, David Fitzmaurice JOURNAL: BMJ Open PUBLISHER: BMJ Gourp URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com
| 3 | | R325.00 | |
| | The Development of the Concept of Psychic Skin and Envelopes in Psychoanalytic Theories of Infancy. | The Development of the Concept of Psychic Skin and Envelopes in Psychoanalytic Theories of Infancy.
The Development of the Concept of Psychic Skin and Envelopes in Psychoanalytic Theories of Infancy.
OVERVIEW
This paper aims to review the topic of psychic envelopes and to sketch the main outlines of this concept in infancy. We first explore the origins of the concept in Freud's “protective shield” and then its development in adult psychoanalysis before going on to see how this fits in infancy with post-Bionian psychoanalysis and development. Four central notions guide this review:
Freud's “protective shield” describes a barrier to protect the psychic apparatus against potentially overflowing trauma. Anzieu's “Skin-Ego” is defined by the different senses of the body. Bick's “psychic skin” establishes the concept in relation to infancy. Stern's “narrative envelope” derives from the intersection between psychoanalysis and neuroscience.
Although it has received relatively little attention elsewhere, the concept of psychic envelopes is being used in psychoanalysis in France. The aim of the present article is to undertake a broad investigative review of this concept, and to specify its main characteristics, particularly as applied in understanding infant development. To facilitate this, we will focus on four notions in which the concept is rooted: the protective shield (Freud), the SkinEgo (Anzieu), the psychic skin (Bick) and the narrative envelope (Stern)
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | The Effect of Exercise on Respiratory Resistance in Athletes with and without Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion Disorder. | The Effect of Exercise on Respiratory Resistance in Athletes with and without Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion Disorder.
The Effect of Exercise on Respiratory Resistance in Athletes with and without Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion Disorder.
OVERVIEW
In people with exercise-induced paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (PVFMD), breathing is abnormally impeded at the level of the larynx during exercise. This situation can result to dyspnea and the reduced ability to continue strenuous activity.
The purpose of this study was thus to assess inspiratory (Ri) and expiratory (Re) resistances during resting tidal breathing (RTB), post-exercise breathing (PEB), and recovery breathing (RB) in athletes with and without paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (PVFMD). In the course of this study, twenty-four teenage female athletes, (12 with and 12 without PVFMD), breathed into the Airflow Perturbation Device for baseline measures of respiratory resistance for two successive 1-min trials after treadmill running for up to 12 min. It is worth mentioning that the exercise duration and dyspnea ratings were collected and compared across groups.
Results of this study indicated that athletes with PVFMD had lower than control Ri and Re values during RTB that significantly increased at PEB and decreased during RB.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Sally J. K. Gallena, Nancy Pearl Solomon, Arthur T. Johnson, Jafar Vossoughi, and Wei Tian JOURNAL: American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology PUBLISHER: American Speech-Hearing Association (ASHA) URL: http://www.asha.org
| 3 | | R350.00 | |
| | The Frequency of Dietary Advice Provision in a Dental Hygiene Clinic: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. | The Frequency of Dietary Advice Provision in a Dental Hygiene Clinic: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.
The Frequency of Dietary Advice Provision in a Dental Hygiene Clinic: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.
OVERVIEW
There exists a close relationship between diet and oral health. There is equally a wealth of infor¬mation that demonstrates the impact diet has on dental diseases, such as dental caries as well as ero¬sion.
Dental caries occurs when bacteria in the oral cavity metabolize fermentable carbohydrates and organic acids are produced, causing demin¬eralization of hard tooth structure. Hence, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the frequency of dietary advice provision by dental hygiene students. The data for this study was obtained from clinical records of third-year students of Bachelor of Oral Health at the University of Newcastle. This study however investigated the associations between demographics, treatment provided and frequency of dietary advice. Results from this study nevertheless indicated that dietary advice was provided infrequently by dental hygiene students, with only 6.48% of all patients seen during the 12-month period receiving dietary advice. This finding was equally an indication that dietary advice is provided infrequently by dental hygiene students.
It was concluded that more research is required to strengthen the findings and equally investigate barriers to dietary advice provi¬sion, as well as perceptions of dental practitioners regarding dietary advice.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Melanie J. Hayes, Johanna Franki, Jane A. Taylo, JOURNAL: Journal of Dental Hygiene PUBLISHER: American Dental Hygienists’ Association URL: http://www.adha.org
| 3 | | R350.00 | |
| | The Impact of Previous Open Renal Surgery on the Outcomes of Subsequent Percutaneous Nephorlithotomy. | The Impact of Previous Open Renal Surgery on the Outcomes of Subsequent Percutaneous Nephorlithotomy.
The Impact of Previous Open Renal Surgery on the Outcomes of Subsequent Percutaneous Nephorlithotomy.
OVERVIEW
The prevalence and cost of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing thereby making diabetes a major cause of morbidity and premature mortality in Australia. The objective of this study was thus to review the clinical data for people with diabetes mellitus with reference to their location and clinical care in a general practice in Australia.
During the study, patient data were extracted a general practice in Western Australia. It is worth mentioning that iterative data-cleansing steps were taken and data was grouped into Statistical Area level 1 (SA1), designated as the smallest geographical area associated with the Census of Population and Housing. The data was analyzed though the Cluster and Outlier Analysis using Moran’s I test. The overall median age of the participants of this study was 70 years with 53 percent men and 47 percent females.
Results of this study Older people (>70 years) with relatively high HbA1c comprised 9.3% of all people with diabetes in the sample, and were clustered around two ‘hotspot’ locations. The study was concluded that hyperglycaemia and ongoing cardiovascular risk in older patients in the two groups indicated causes other than therapeutic inertia.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Moyez Jiwa, Ori Gudes, Richard Varhol, Narelle Mullan JOURNAL: Journal of Clinical Pathology PUBLISHER: BMJ Open Group URL: http://www.group.bmj.com
| 3 | | R325.00 | |
| | The potential role of neuropathic mechanisms in dry eye syndromes. | The potential role of neuropathic mechanisms in dry eye syndromes.
The potential role of neuropathic mechanisms in dry eye syndromes.
OVERVIEW
According to the 2007 International Dry Eye Workshop, dry eye syndromes (DES) are multifactorial diseases of the tears, lids and ocular surface which can result in symptoms of discomfort and/or visual disturbance and/or tear film instability with the potential for damage to the ocular surface.
This disease is often accompanied by Meibomian gland dysfunction, increased osmolarity of the tear film and inflammation of the ocular surface1 and may be exacerbated by infrequent and/or incomplete blinking. Dry eye symptoms could either be nociceptive and neuropathic symptoms. The aim of this review was to discuss the potential for ocular symptoms involving neuropathic mechanisms to contribute to psychosocial problems such as depression, stress, anxiety and sleep disorders as well as for these types of psychosocial problems to contribute to neuropathic mechanisms and dry eye syndromes.
This is study is relevant because failure to consider the possibility that neuropathic mechanisms can contribute to dry eye syndromes may reduce accuracy of diagnosis and the suitability of treatment provided.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Charles W. Mcmonnies JOURNAL: Journal of Optometry PUBLISHER: Elsevier Inc URL: http://elsevier.com
| 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | The Red Eye Causes and Presentation. | The Red Eye Causes and Presentation.
The Red Eye Causes and Presentation.
OVERVIEW
Every optometrist, doctor, health care worker, ophthalmologist has been confronted by a patient complaining of red, bloodshot eyes, affecting one or both eyes. All health care workers should know what The Red Eye is, and about its presentation, causes and treatment. If not treated or referred for treatment correctly The Red Eye can be a potentially dangerous condition to the health of the eye and even the patient. This article is a brief review of these aspects of The Red Eye.
Noticeable redness or pink discolouration of the sclera (the ‘white part’) of one or both eyes with or without symptoms or swelling of the involved tissues or eyelids, and with or without discharge from the eye. The Red Eye appearance is thus caused by swollen or dilated blood vessels on the sclera and /or conjunctiva, the white outer surface of the eye and its coverings, or bleeding from one of these vessels into the tissues visible on the sclera
OVERVIEW
Every optometrist, doctor, health care worker, ophthalmologist has been confronted by a patient complaining of red, bloodshot eyes, affecting one or both eyes. All health care workers should know what The Red Eye is, and about its presentation, causes and treatment. If not treated or referred for treatment correctly The Red Eye can be a potentially dangerous condition to the health of the eye and even the patient. This article is a brief review of these aspects of The Red Eye.
Noticeable redness or pink discolouration of the sclera (the ‘white part’) of one or both eyes with or without symptoms or swelling of the involved tissues or eyelids, and with or without discharge from the eye. The Red Eye appearance is thus caused by swollen or dilated blood vessels on the sclera and /or conjunctiva, the white outer surface of the eye and its coverings, or bleeding from one of these vessels into the tissues visible on the sclera.
| 3 | | R375.00 | |
| | Therapeutic oral rinsing with commercially available products: Position paper and statement from the Canadian Dental Hygienists Association. | Therapeutic oral rinsing with commercially available products: Position paper and statement from the Canadian Dental Hygienists Association.
Therapeutic oral rinsing with commercially available products: Position paper and statement from the Canadian Dental Hygienists Association.
OVERVIEW Mechanical methods of oral hygiene have been shown insufficient in controlling biofilm and preventing the initiation and progression of gingival inflammation and disease. This position paper updates and replaces the 2006 Canadian Dental Hygienists Association position paper on oral rinsing to guide dental hygienists and other dental professionals in making client recommendations. These findings provide the impetus for additional research and the broader use of therapeutic oral rinses by adults.
Based on the current research, dental hygienists are encouraged to recommend oral rinsing with a commercially available therapeutic over-the-counter oral rinse (mouthwash) to their adult clients as a long-term complement to usual mechanical plaque control measures. An accumulation of research, including well-conducted long-term clinical studies (=6 months), has shown that oral rinses with a fixed combination of 3 essential oils along with other ingredient(s) produce statistically and clinically significant reductions in plaque and gingival inflammation beyond that accomplished by mechanical means alone.
While prescription chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse has been the gold standard about reductions in plaque and gingival inflammation parameters, it is recommended for short-term use only due to a negative side effect profile.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Joanna Asadoorian, PhD, RDH
JOURNAL: The Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene PUBLISHER: The Canadian Dental Hygienist Associations http://www.cdha.ca
| 3 | | R375.00 | |
| | Tobacco Interventions by Dentists and Dental Hygienists. | Tobacco Interventions by Dentists and Dental Hygienists.
Tobacco Interventions by Dentists and Dental Hygienists.
OVERVIEW
Tobacco use is a modifiable risk factor for oral disease. Dental professionals can reduce the burden of oral and overall health by influencing tobacco use. Results of electronic searches for literature indicated progress in tobacco interventions in dentistry. Patients believed that dentists should routinely offer smoking cessation services, and those interested in quitting felt comfortable receiving advice about quitting.
Dental professionals were aware of the importance of tobacco interventions. However, tobacco intervention practices were limited or restricted, and dental professionals have not fully embraced opportunities for tobacco intervention. A consistently reported barrier was the lack of training. Although various factors were identified as barriers and facilitators, few study assessed structure for the implementation of tobacco interventions.
Tobacco-related education of undergraduate students has been recognized as an important issue. Globally, most dental students recognized themselves as role models in society and believed they should receive training. However, few reported receiving such formal training.
Dental researchers and educators around the world should explore new knowledge and exchange experiences to make full use of the unique opportunity of providing dental interventions against tobacco use.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors: Takashi Hanioka, Miki Ojima, Yoko Kawaguchi, Yukio Hirata,Hiroshi Ogawe, Yumiko Mochizuki
Journal: Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute
Publisher: Elsevier
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Understanding quit decisions in primary care: a qualitative study of older GPs | Understanding quit decisions in primary care: a qualitative study of older GPs
Understanding quit decisions in primary care: a qualitative study of older GPs
OVERVIEW The UK, notably England faces a major and imminent problem in respect of general practitioner (GP) workforce capacity. According to a recent work survey, 54.1% of GPs aged 50 years and older reported a ‘considerable’ or ‘high’ likelihood of quitting direct patient care within 5 years.
The objective of this study was to investigate the reasons behind intentions to quit direct patient care among experienced general practitioners (GPs) aged 50–60 years. This research was a qualitative study based on semi structured interviews with GPs in the South West region of England. The participants for this study were 23 GPs aged 50–60 years. 3 of these GPs had retired from direct patient care before the age of 60, meanwhile 20 intended to quit direct patient care within the next 5 years.
Conclusively, this research highlights aspects of the current professional climate for GPs that are having an impact on retirement decisions.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Anna Sansom, Raff Calitri, Mary Carter, John Campbell JOURNAL: Journal of General Practice PUBLISHER: BMJ Group URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com
| 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | Understanding Tensions in Early Stage Chronic Kidney Disease. | Understanding Tensions in Early Stage Chronic Kidney Disease.
Understanding Tensions in Early Stage Chronic Kidney Disease.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Since 2006, general practitioners (GPs) in England, UK, have been incentivised to keep a register and monitor patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3–5. Despite tensions and debate around the merit of this activity, there has been little qualitative research exploring clinician perspectives on monitoring early-stage CKD in primary care. This study aimed to examine and understand a range of different healthcare professional views and experiences of identification and monitoring in primary care of early-stage CKD, in particular stage 3.
Design: Qualitative design using semi-structured interviews
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Using coloured filters to reduce the symptoms of visual stress in children with reading delay. | Using coloured filters to reduce the symptoms of visual stress in children with reading delay.
Using coloured filters to reduce the symptoms of visual stress in children with reading delay.
OVERVIEW Meares-Irlen Syndrome (MIS), which is also known as “visual stress” is one of the key visual causes of reading difficulties in children. Some of its symptoms include letters appearing to be blur, move around or go double, glare, as well as headaches.
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two coloured-filter systems on the symptoms of visual stress in children with reading delay. The method used in carrying out this study was a pre-test, post-test, as well as a randomized head-to-head comparison of two filter systems on the symptoms of visual stress in school children. Hence, 68 UK mainstream school children with significant impairment in reading ability participated in this study. Results of this study however indicated that filter systems appeared to have a large effect on the reported symptoms between pre-and post-three-month time points.
Results from this study further indicated that reduction in symptoms, which appeared to be brought about using coloured filters, eased the visual discomfort experienced by these children when reading.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Priscilla Harries, Roger Hall, Nicola Ray and John Stein JOURNAL: The Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis URL: http://www.tandfonline.com
| 3 | | R375.00 | |
| | What Drives Quality Improvement in Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Care. | What Drives Quality Improvement in Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Care.
What Drives Quality Improvement in Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Care.
OVERVIEW Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly becoming a public health issue because it’s very common. More so, CKD is an established, independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and there are indications that a significant number of patients with CKD die from cardiovascular complications than progress to end-stage kidney disease.
This study was process of evaluating the Quality Improvement in Chronic Kidney Disease (QICKD) study, comparing audit-based education (ABE) and sending clinical guidelines and prompts (G&P) with usual practice, in improving systolic blood pressure control in primary care. This study however took place in 4 primary care practices in England (2received ABE, and 2 G&P). The participants of this study were focus groups conducted with staff from each of the 4 primary care practices.
Based on results of the study, it was concluded that improving quality in CKD is complex. The results also indicated that lack of awareness of clinical guidelines and scepticism about their validity are barriers to change.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Akin Nihat, Simon de Lusignan, Nicola Thomas, Mohammad Aumran Tahir, Hugh Gallagher JOURNAL: General Practice PUBLISHER: BMJ Open
| 3 | | R365.00 | |
| | Whole-Body MRI in Pediatric Patients with Cancer. | Whole-Body MRI in Pediatric Patients with Cancer.
Whole-Body MRI in Pediatric Patients with Cancer.
OVERVIEW Statistics show that cancer is currently the leading cause of natural death in the pediatric populations of developed countries. It is however apparent that cure rates for cancers are greater than 70% in some cases when it is diagnosed in its early stages.
Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging methods have markedly improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, while avoiding the risks of ionizing radiation that are associated with most conventional radiological methods, such as computed tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Also, the advent of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in association with the development of metabolic- and function-based techniques has led to the use of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging for the screening, diagnosis, staging, response assessment, and post-therapeutic follow-up of children with solid sporadic tumours or those with related genetic syndromes.
This study is therefore a review of literature concerning the advantages, techniques, indications, and limitations of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in the management of pediatric oncology patients are presented.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Marcos Duarte Guimarães, Julia Noschang, Sara Reis Teixeira, Marcel Koenigkam Santos, Henrique Manoel Lederman, Vivian Tostes, Vikas Kundra, Alex Dias Oliveira, Bruno Hochhegger and Edson Marchiori JOURNAL: BioMed Central Cancer Imaging PUBLISHER: BioMed Centra URL: https://www.biomedcentral.com
| 3 | | R425.00 | |