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Courses Directly related to Oral Hygienist

Title	Title	CEUs	Price
The relationship between self-reported preventive and curative orientations of dentists and oral healthcare services provided to Dutch young patients: An observational study The relationship between self-reported preventive and curative orientations of dentists and oral healthcare services provided to Dutch young patients: An observational study Overview In the Netherlands, the costs for oral healthcare services (OHS) are covered for all patients up to the age of 17 years from a compulsory standard healthcare insurance and the payment system is fee-per-item. Data on provided OHS showed variation between general dental practitioners (GDPs) in the preventive and curative care they provided to their young patients. This may, of course, have been due to differences in the caries risk of patients. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between self-reported preventive and curative orientations of general dental practitioners (GDPs) and the oral healthcare services (OHS) they provided to patients under 18-years-old. And in addition, to determine which patient, GDP, and dental practice characteristics predicted the provision of preventive and curative care. Journal PLoS One Volume 19 Issue 7	The relationship between self-reported preventive and curative orientations of dentists and oral healthcare services provided to Dutch young patients: An observational study Course Detail The relationship between self-reported preventive and curative orientations of dentists and oral healthcare services provided to Dutch young patients: An observational study R495.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview In the Netherlands, the costs for oral healthcare services (OHS) are covered for all patients up to the age of 17 years from a compulsory standard healthcare insurance and the payment system is fee-per-item. Data on provided OHS showed variation between general dental practitioners (GDPs) in the preventive and curative care they provided to their young patients. This may, of course, have been due to differences in the caries risk of patients. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationship between self-reported preventive and curative orientations of general dental practitioners (GDPs) and the oral healthcare services (OHS) they provided to patients under 18-years-old. And in addition, to determine which patient, GDP, and dental practice characteristics predicted the provision of preventive and curative care. Journal PLoS One Volume 19 Issue 7	3	R495.00
Practices and preferences in the use of magnification among endodontists and restorative dentists: A multicentre study Practices and preferences in the use of magnification among endodontists and restorative dentists: A multicentre study Overview Before the advent of dental magnification, dentists were relying on their tactile sensitivity and radiographs while performing various dental procedures including endodontic and restorative dentistry. There was an increased chance of procedural errors and that were mostly dealt with patience and dental imaging. The aim of the study was to assess the perception, preference, and practice of endodontists and restorative dentists at different locations around the world about dental magnification instruments. A multicenter, cross-sectional study was ethically approved from the local committee of bioethics. After thorough literature search, a questionnaire was designed and validated. Later, the questionnaire was distributed to 10% (53 participants) of the total planned participants to conduct a pilot study. Most of the participants believe that dental magnification devices enhance the prognosis and quality of treatment of possibly all operative and endodontics procedures. Thus, emphasized on the inclusion of devices in the postgraduate curriculum and signifies the role of continuing dental education for specialist and dental assistant handling devices. However, multicentre studies with larger sample is required for generalizing the results. Journal PLOS ONE	Practices and preferences in the use of magnification among endodontists and restorative dentists: A multicentre study Course Detail Practices and preferences in the use of magnification among endodontists and restorative dentists: A multicentre study R495.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Before the advent of dental magnification, dentists were relying on their tactile sensitivity and radiographs while performing various dental procedures including endodontic and restorative dentistry. There was an increased chance of procedural errors and that were mostly dealt with patience and dental imaging. The aim of the study was to assess the perception, preference, and practice of endodontists and restorative dentists at different locations around the world about dental magnification instruments. A multicenter, cross-sectional study was ethically approved from the local committee of bioethics. After thorough literature search, a questionnaire was designed and validated. Later, the questionnaire was distributed to 10% (53 participants) of the total planned participants to conduct a pilot study. Most of the participants believe that dental magnification devices enhance the prognosis and quality of treatment of possibly all operative and endodontics procedures. Thus, emphasized on the inclusion of devices in the postgraduate curriculum and signifies the role of continuing dental education for specialist and dental assistant handling devices. However, multicentre studies with larger sample is required for generalizing the results. Journal PLOS ONE	3	R495.00
Association of self-reported periodontal disease and inequities with long haul COVID-19 Association of self-reported periodontal disease and inequities with long haul COVID-19 Overview The 2000 Surgeon General’s report noted links between oral and overall health, emphasizing that oral health disparities reflect wider health inequities. This study evaluates how COVID-19 disproportionately affected lower socioeconomic groups and explores the connection between self-reported periodontal disease and COVID-19 outcomes. Indiana residents diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 completed a validated survey on demographics, comorbidities, symptoms, periodontal history, and hygiene habits. Of 209 respondents, statistical analyses revealed that reduced sense of smell correlated with lower education, unemployment/disability, poorer health, frequent gum bleeding, toothaches, lower oral health ratings, and vaccine status. Lower sense of taste was linked to older age, poor health, gum disease indicators, tooth loss, worse oral health, and vaccine status. Hospitalization for COVID-19 was associated with recent gum disease. Journal PLoS One	Association of self-reported periodontal disease and inequities with long haul COVID-19 Course Detail Association of self-reported periodontal disease and inequities with long haul COVID-19 R485.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview The 2000 Surgeon General’s report noted links between oral and overall health, emphasizing that oral health disparities reflect wider health inequities. This study evaluates how COVID-19 disproportionately affected lower socioeconomic groups and explores the connection between self-reported periodontal disease and COVID-19 outcomes. Indiana residents diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 completed a validated survey on demographics, comorbidities, symptoms, periodontal history, and hygiene habits. Of 209 respondents, statistical analyses revealed that reduced sense of smell correlated with lower education, unemployment/disability, poorer health, frequent gum bleeding, toothaches, lower oral health ratings, and vaccine status. Lower sense of taste was linked to older age, poor health, gum disease indicators, tooth loss, worse oral health, and vaccine status. Hospitalization for COVID-19 was associated with recent gum disease. Journal PLoS One	3	R485.00
Comparison Between Powered and Manual Toothbrushes Effectiveness for Maintaining an Optimal Oral Health Status Comparison Between Powered and Manual Toothbrushes Effectiveness for Maintaining an Optimal Oral Health Status Overview Optimal oral health is essential for overall well-being, and effective oral hygiene plays a major role. Technological innovations like power toothbrushes (PTBs) offer improvements over manual toothbrushes (MTBs). This literature review compares PTBs and MTBs in terms of plaque removal, gingival health, calculus reduction, and stain removal, with a focus on vulnerable groups such as the elderly and those with intellectual disabilities. Studies show PTBs generally outperform MTBs in reducing plaque, gingivitis, and stains, although the advantage for special populations is moderate. Practical concerns like user experience and reliability also require more research. Overall, these findings help consumers make informed choices and support further technological development in dental care. Journal Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry	Comparison Between Powered and Manual Toothbrushes Effectiveness for Maintaining an Optimal Oral Health Status Course Detail Comparison Between Powered and Manual Toothbrushes Effectiveness for Maintaining an Optimal Oral Health Status R485.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Optimal oral health is essential for overall well-being, and effective oral hygiene plays a major role. Technological innovations like power toothbrushes (PTBs) offer improvements over manual toothbrushes (MTBs). This literature review compares PTBs and MTBs in terms of plaque removal, gingival health, calculus reduction, and stain removal, with a focus on vulnerable groups such as the elderly and those with intellectual disabilities. Studies show PTBs generally outperform MTBs in reducing plaque, gingivitis, and stains, although the advantage for special populations is moderate. Practical concerns like user experience and reliability also require more research. Overall, these findings help consumers make informed choices and support further technological development in dental care. Journal Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry	3	R485.00
Evaluation of the Effect of Maternal Education on Toddler Dental Plaque Removal Based on a Health Belief Model Evaluation of the Effect of Maternal Education on Toddler Dental Plaque Removal Based on a Health Belief Model Overview This study assessed whether an educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) improved mothers' preventive behaviours against early childhood caries in 92 toddlers aged 12-18 months. Researchers collected demographic and nutritional data, measured dental status via plaque index and dmfs index, and provided HBM-based oral hygiene pamphlets to both groups. The intervention group also received music files for brushing sessions. Statistical analysis showed a significant decrease in plaque index in the intervention group, while the control group's results did not change notably. Overall, combining education with incentives like age-appropriate music enhanced mothers’ ability to reduce dental plaque in their children. Journal Frontiers in Dentistry	Evaluation of the Effect of Maternal Education on Toddler Dental Plaque Removal Based on a Health Belief Model Course Detail Evaluation of the Effect of Maternal Education on Toddler Dental Plaque Removal Based on a Health Belief Model R495.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview This study assessed whether an educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) improved mothers' preventive behaviours against early childhood caries in 92 toddlers aged 12-18 months. Researchers collected demographic and nutritional data, measured dental status via plaque index and dmfs index, and provided HBM-based oral hygiene pamphlets to both groups. The intervention group also received music files for brushing sessions. Statistical analysis showed a significant decrease in plaque index in the intervention group, while the control group's results did not change notably. Overall, combining education with incentives like age-appropriate music enhanced mothers’ ability to reduce dental plaque in their children. Journal Frontiers in Dentistry	3	R495.00
Oral Health Educational Intervention for Primary Healthcare Providers Using the Flipped Approach Oral Health Educational Intervention for Primary Healthcare Providers Using the Flipped Approach Overview This study assessed a flipped oral health education program for primary healthcare providers (PHCPs) in Tehran, Iran. Using a field trial design with 118 participants, researchers measured knowledge, attitude, and practice before and after the intervention, which included educational materials and sessions. Results showed PHCPs initially had insufficient knowledge and suboptimal attitudes and practices. The flipped approach significantly improved all three areas, suggesting its potential use in academic curricula or CME courses. Journal Frontiers in Dentistry	Oral Health Educational Intervention for Primary Healthcare Providers Using the Flipped Approach Course Detail Oral Health Educational Intervention for Primary Healthcare Providers Using the Flipped Approach R485.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview This study assessed a flipped oral health education program for primary healthcare providers (PHCPs) in Tehran, Iran. Using a field trial design with 118 participants, researchers measured knowledge, attitude, and practice before and after the intervention, which included educational materials and sessions. Results showed PHCPs initially had insufficient knowledge and suboptimal attitudes and practices. The flipped approach significantly improved all three areas, suggesting its potential use in academic curricula or CME courses. Journal Frontiers in Dentistry	3	R485.00
Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) Analysis in Partially Edentulous Patients with and without Denture Therapy Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) Analysis in Partially Edentulous Patients with and without Denture Therapy Overview Teeth loss is a common oral health issue in Indonesia. Treatments focus on restoring function, including chewing, speech, and aesthetics. This study examined the correlation between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) domains—physical health, psychological health, social relationships, environment—and Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) among partially edentulous patients with implants, conventional dentures, and those without prostheses. Results: Significant correlations were found between denture status and all OHRQoL domains, including OIDP. Conclusion: There is a notable link between physical, psychological, social, and environmental factors, as well as daily performance impacts, across patients with implants, conventional dentures, and non-users. Edentulism greatly affects individuals' wellbeing; therefore, considering all OHRQoL domains is essential when choosing treatment options. Journal Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry	Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) Analysis in Partially Edentulous Patients with and without Denture Therapy Course Detail Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) Analysis in Partially Edentulous Patients with and without Denture Therapy R485.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Teeth loss is a common oral health issue in Indonesia. Treatments focus on restoring function, including chewing, speech, and aesthetics. This study examined the correlation between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) domains—physical health, psychological health, social relationships, environment—and Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) among partially edentulous patients with implants, conventional dentures, and those without prostheses. Results: Significant correlations were found between denture status and all OHRQoL domains, including OIDP. Conclusion: There is a notable link between physical, psychological, social, and environmental factors, as well as daily performance impacts, across patients with implants, conventional dentures, and non-users. Edentulism greatly affects individuals' wellbeing; therefore, considering all OHRQoL domains is essential when choosing treatment options. Journal Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry	3	R485.00
Healthcare provision for medical tourism: A comparative review Healthcare provision for medical tourism: A comparative review Overview Providing health care is the core and main element of the health system, which improves patients’ health and well being. Quality in the health system is defined as providing safe, timely, effective, efficient, fair, and patient centered care. The five dimensions of service quality include tangible dimensions (conditions and atmosphere of the service delivery environment, including facilities, equipment, employees, and communication channels), reliability dimension (ability to perform the service reliably), responsiveness dimension (willingness to cooperate and help the customer), assurance dimension (competence and ability of employees to instil a sense of trust and confidence in the customer), and empathy dimension (special treatment with each customer according to their mood, so that the customers are satisfied with the respect and understanding on the part of the organization). Considering the problems of the process in providing welfare services for medical tourists, the license and activities of medical tourism companies should be facilitated so that the mentioned companies can provide welfare and non medical services to patients along with hospitals. Journal Journal of Education and Health Promotion Volume 13 Issue 1	Healthcare provision for medical tourism: A comparative review Course Detail Healthcare provision for medical tourism: A comparative review R475.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Providing health care is the core and main element of the health system, which improves patients’ health and well being. Quality in the health system is defined as providing safe, timely, effective, efficient, fair, and patient centered care. The five dimensions of service quality include tangible dimensions (conditions and atmosphere of the service delivery environment, including facilities, equipment, employees, and communication channels), reliability dimension (ability to perform the service reliably), responsiveness dimension (willingness to cooperate and help the customer), assurance dimension (competence and ability of employees to instil a sense of trust and confidence in the customer), and empathy dimension (special treatment with each customer according to their mood, so that the customers are satisfied with the respect and understanding on the part of the organization). Considering the problems of the process in providing welfare services for medical tourists, the license and activities of medical tourism companies should be facilitated so that the mentioned companies can provide welfare and non medical services to patients along with hospitals. Journal Journal of Education and Health Promotion Volume 13 Issue 1	3	R475.00
H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu) H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu) Overview H1N1 influenza, referred to as swine flu, is a highly contagious respiratory disease in pigs caused by one of several swine influenza A viruses, as recently reviewed. Transmission of swine influenza viruses to humans is uncommon. Swine influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease in pigs caused by one of several swine influenza A viruses, as recently reviewed. In addition, influenza C viruses may also cause illness in swine. Strategies to control swine influenza virus (SIV) in animals typically include one of several commercially available bivalent swine influenza virus vaccines. Once a human becomes infected, he or she then can spread the virus to other humans.	H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu) Course Detail H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu) R485.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview H1N1 influenza, referred to as swine flu, is a highly contagious respiratory disease in pigs caused by one of several swine influenza A viruses, as recently reviewed. Transmission of swine influenza viruses to humans is uncommon. Swine influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease in pigs caused by one of several swine influenza A viruses, as recently reviewed. In addition, influenza C viruses may also cause illness in swine. Strategies to control swine influenza virus (SIV) in animals typically include one of several commercially available bivalent swine influenza virus vaccines. Once a human becomes infected, he or she then can spread the virus to other humans.	3	R485.00
HIV and Aids Part 2 HIV and Aids Part 2 Overview HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus transmitted through sexual contact, shared needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. It belongs to the Retroviridae family. All patients who are diagnosed with HIV should be initiated on ART as soon as possible. HIV can also lead to complications like dementia and chronic diarrhea with weight loss (HIV wasting syndrome). Exceptions to this include patients presenting with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) or central nervous system tuberculosis (tuberculous meningitis (TBM) or tuberculoma).	HIV and Aids Part 2 Course Detail HIV and Aids Part 2 R485.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus transmitted through sexual contact, shared needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. It belongs to the Retroviridae family. All patients who are diagnosed with HIV should be initiated on ART as soon as possible. HIV can also lead to complications like dementia and chronic diarrhea with weight loss (HIV wasting syndrome). Exceptions to this include patients presenting with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) or central nervous system tuberculosis (tuberculous meningitis (TBM) or tuberculoma).	3	R485.00
HIV and Aids Part 1 HIV and Aids Part 1 Overview HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus transmitted through sexual contact, shared needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. It belongs to the Retroviridae family. Symptoms vary depending on the stage of infection and these include: Acute stage, which resembles the flu, with fever, malaise, and a generalized rash; Asymptomatic stage which generally, has no symptoms. Lymphadenopathy, which presents with swelling of lymph nodes, which can be a primary symptom. AIDs, which is the advanced stage marked by severe infections or cancers. HIV can also lead to complications like dementia and chronic diarrhea with weight loss (HIV wasting syndrome). Sharespike Knowledge Studio	HIV and Aids Part 1 Course Detail HIV and Aids Part 1 R485.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus transmitted through sexual contact, shared needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. It belongs to the Retroviridae family. Symptoms vary depending on the stage of infection and these include: Acute stage, which resembles the flu, with fever, malaise, and a generalized rash; Asymptomatic stage which generally, has no symptoms. Lymphadenopathy, which presents with swelling of lymph nodes, which can be a primary symptom. AIDs, which is the advanced stage marked by severe infections or cancers. HIV can also lead to complications like dementia and chronic diarrhea with weight loss (HIV wasting syndrome). Sharespike Knowledge Studio	3	R485.00
Ebola Virus Infection Ebola Virus Infection Overview Ebola virus is one of at least 30 known viruses capable of causing viral hemorrhagic fever syndrome. The genus Ebolavirus currently is classified into 5 separate species: Sudan ebolavirus, Zaire ebolavirus, Tai Forest (Ivory Coast) ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, and Bundibugyo ebolavirus. The outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa from 2014 to 2016, involving Zaire ebolavirus, was the largest outbreak of Ebola virus disease in history. As of September 17, 2019, an active outbreak of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) had resulted in 3,034 confirmed and 111 probable cases of Ebola virus disease, including 2,103 attributable deaths. An experimental vaccine has been credited with limiting the outbreak’s scope.	Ebola Virus Infection Course Detail Ebola Virus Infection R500.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Ebola virus is one of at least 30 known viruses capable of causing viral hemorrhagic fever syndrome. The genus Ebolavirus currently is classified into 5 separate species: Sudan ebolavirus, Zaire ebolavirus, Tai Forest (Ivory Coast) ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, and Bundibugyo ebolavirus. The outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa from 2014 to 2016, involving Zaire ebolavirus, was the largest outbreak of Ebola virus disease in history. As of September 17, 2019, an active outbreak of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) had resulted in 3,034 confirmed and 111 probable cases of Ebola virus disease, including 2,103 attributable deaths. An experimental vaccine has been credited with limiting the outbreak’s scope.	3	R500.00
Pros and Cons of CADCAM Technology for Infection Prevention in Dental Settings during COVID-19 Outbreak Pros and Cons of CADCAM Technology for Infection Prevention in Dental Settings during COVID-19 Outbreak Overview The purpose of this commentary is to update the evidence reported in our previous review on the advantages and limitations of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology in the promotion of dental business, as well as to guarantee patient and occupational safety. The COVID-19 pandemic led to an unprecedented focus on infection prevention; however, waves of COVID-19 follow one another, asymptomatic cases are nearly impossible to identify by triage in a dental setting, and the effectiveness of long-lasting immune protection through vaccination remains largely unknown. Different national laws and international guidelines (mainly USA-CDC, ECDC) have often brought about dissimilar awareness and operational choices, and in general, there has been very limited attention to this technology. Here, we discuss its advantages and limitations in light of: (a) presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the oral cavity, saliva, and dental biofilm and activation of dormant microbial infections; (b) the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosol and fomite contamination; (c) the detection of various oral manifestations of COVID-19; (d) specific information for the reprocessing of the scanner tip and the ward from the manufacturers. Journal Sensors	Pros and Cons of CADCAM Technology for Infection Prevention in Dental Settings during COVID-19 Outbreak Course Detail Pros and Cons of CADCAM Technology for Infection Prevention in Dental Settings during COVID-19 Outbreak R455.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview The purpose of this commentary is to update the evidence reported in our previous review on the advantages and limitations of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology in the promotion of dental business, as well as to guarantee patient and occupational safety. The COVID-19 pandemic led to an unprecedented focus on infection prevention; however, waves of COVID-19 follow one another, asymptomatic cases are nearly impossible to identify by triage in a dental setting, and the effectiveness of long-lasting immune protection through vaccination remains largely unknown. Different national laws and international guidelines (mainly USA-CDC, ECDC) have often brought about dissimilar awareness and operational choices, and in general, there has been very limited attention to this technology. Here, we discuss its advantages and limitations in light of: (a) presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the oral cavity, saliva, and dental biofilm and activation of dormant microbial infections; (b) the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosol and fomite contamination; (c) the detection of various oral manifestations of COVID-19; (d) specific information for the reprocessing of the scanner tip and the ward from the manufacturers. Journal Sensors	3	R455.00
Effects of Resistance Training as a Behavioural Preventive Measure on Musculoskeletal Complaints, Maximum Strength and Ergonomic Risk in Dentists and Dental Assistants Effects of Resistance Training as a Behavioural Preventive Measure on Musculoskeletal Complaints, Maximum Strength and Ergonomic Risk in Dentists and Dental Assistants Overview For dental professionals, musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are common health hazards and resistance training programmes have been promising approaches in the quest for a reduction in the pain intensity of these professionals. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of a trunk-oriented 10-week resistance training programme. In total, the study was conducted with 17 dentists and dental assistants. The results were that there was a significant reduction in pain intensity was found for each queried body region: the neck, upper back, lower back and the right and left shoulders. The maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) improved significantly in all outcome measures: flexion, extension, right and left lateral flexion and right and left rotation. It was concluded that a 10-week resistance training programme for dentists and dental assistants had significant effects on pain intensity reduction and the MVIC of the musculature of the trunk and is, therefore, suitable as a behavioural preventive measure against MSD in dental professionals. Journal Sensors	Effects of Resistance Training as a Behavioural Preventive Measure on Musculoskeletal Complaints, Maximum Strength and Ergonomic Risk in Dentists and Dental Assistants Course Detail Effects of Resistance Training as a Behavioural Preventive Measure on Musculoskeletal Complaints, Maximum Strength and Ergonomic Risk in Dentists and Dental Assistants R425.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview For dental professionals, musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are common health hazards and resistance training programmes have been promising approaches in the quest for a reduction in the pain intensity of these professionals. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of a trunk-oriented 10-week resistance training programme. In total, the study was conducted with 17 dentists and dental assistants. The results were that there was a significant reduction in pain intensity was found for each queried body region: the neck, upper back, lower back and the right and left shoulders. The maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) improved significantly in all outcome measures: flexion, extension, right and left lateral flexion and right and left rotation. It was concluded that a 10-week resistance training programme for dentists and dental assistants had significant effects on pain intensity reduction and the MVIC of the musculature of the trunk and is, therefore, suitable as a behavioural preventive measure against MSD in dental professionals. Journal Sensors	3	R425.00
Relationship between dental experiences, oral hygiene education and self-reported oral hygiene behaviour Relationship between dental experiences, oral hygiene education and self-reported oral hygiene behaviour Overview Many preventive approaches in dentistry aim to improve oral health through behavioural instruction or intervention concerning oral health behaviour. However, it is still unknown which factors have the highest impact on oral health behaviours, such as toothbrushing or regular dental check-ups. Various external and internal individual factors such as education, experience with dentists or influence by parents could be relevant. Therefore, the present observational study investigated the influence of these factors on self-reported oral heath behaviour. Dental anxiety and current negative dental experiences reduced participants’ dental self-efficacy perceptions as well as the self-inspection of one’s teeth. While parental care positively influenced the attitude towards one’s teeth, dental self-efficacy perceptions significantly correlated with attitude towards oral hygiene, self-inspection of one’s teeth and parental care. Dental anxiety, dental experiences, parents’ care for their children’s oral hygiene and dental self-efficacy perceptions influence the attitude towards oral hygiene and one’s own oral cavity as well as the autonomous control of one’s own dental health. Journal PLoS ONE	Relationship between dental experiences, oral hygiene education and self-reported oral hygiene behaviour Course Detail Relationship between dental experiences, oral hygiene education and self-reported oral hygiene behaviour R425.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Many preventive approaches in dentistry aim to improve oral health through behavioural instruction or intervention concerning oral health behaviour. However, it is still unknown which factors have the highest impact on oral health behaviours, such as toothbrushing or regular dental check-ups. Various external and internal individual factors such as education, experience with dentists or influence by parents could be relevant. Therefore, the present observational study investigated the influence of these factors on self-reported oral heath behaviour. Dental anxiety and current negative dental experiences reduced participants’ dental self-efficacy perceptions as well as the self-inspection of one’s teeth. While parental care positively influenced the attitude towards one’s teeth, dental self-efficacy perceptions significantly correlated with attitude towards oral hygiene, self-inspection of one’s teeth and parental care. Dental anxiety, dental experiences, parents’ care for their children’s oral hygiene and dental self-efficacy perceptions influence the attitude towards oral hygiene and one’s own oral cavity as well as the autonomous control of one’s own dental health. Journal PLoS ONE	3	R425.00
Blood and saliva contamination on protective eyewear during dental treatment Blood and saliva contamination on protective eyewear during dental treatment Overview Dental treatments are inherently associated with the appearance of potentially infective aerosols, blood and saliva splashes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the quantitative contamination of protective eyewear during different dental treatments and the efficacy of the subsequent disinfection. Fifty-three standardized protective eyewear shields worn by students, dentists and dental assistants during different aerosol-producing dental treatment modalities (supragingival cleaning, subgingival periodontal instrumentation, trepanation and root canal treatment and carious cavity preparation; within all treatments, dental evacuation systems were used) were analysed, using common forensic techniques. For detection of blood contamination, luminol solution was applied onto the surface of safety shields. A special forensic test paper was used to visualize saliva contamination. Further analysis was conducted after standardized disinfection using the same techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.	Blood and saliva contamination on protective eyewear during dental treatment Course Detail Blood and saliva contamination on protective eyewear during dental treatment R465.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Dental treatments are inherently associated with the appearance of potentially infective aerosols, blood and saliva splashes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the quantitative contamination of protective eyewear during different dental treatments and the efficacy of the subsequent disinfection. Fifty-three standardized protective eyewear shields worn by students, dentists and dental assistants during different aerosol-producing dental treatment modalities (supragingival cleaning, subgingival periodontal instrumentation, trepanation and root canal treatment and carious cavity preparation; within all treatments, dental evacuation systems were used) were analysed, using common forensic techniques. For detection of blood contamination, luminol solution was applied onto the surface of safety shields. A special forensic test paper was used to visualize saliva contamination. Further analysis was conducted after standardized disinfection using the same techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.	3	R465.00
Markers, Pathways and Current Evidence for Periodontitis-associated Insulin Resistance: A Narrative Review Markers, Pathways and Current Evidence for Periodontitis-associated Insulin Resistance: A Narrative Review Overview The aim of the present paper is to provide a narrative review of the markers and pathways of periodontitis-associated insulin resistance (IR). Research papers published in peer reviewed scientific journals from 2000 to 2021 were searched systematically in Online Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and MedLine/PubMed database. The medical subject headings (MeSH) terms used for literature search were “diabetes AND periodontal disease,” “diabetes AND periodontitis,” “inflammation AND insulin resistance,” “Insulin resistance AND periodontal disease,” and “insulin resistance AND periodontitis.” Manual search for applicable work in review article peer-reviewed print journals, and latest editions of standard textbooks of pharmacology and pathology were searched for updated additional information. Seven out of 13 systematic reviews and a total of 18 randomized clinical trials to evaluate periodontitis-induced IR were short-listed to update current evidence. The current literature in the past two decades has evaluated the effect of periodontal therapy on various type-2 diabetes (T2D) biomarkers following periodontal therapy. These indicators of periodontal disease activity and surrogate biomarkers of T2D in periodontitis may be an important diagnostic tool for the early prediction of complications due to IR. This increased systemic burden of proinflammatory cytokines by periodontitis can be reduced by periodontal therapy, thus improving the patient’s overall systemic condition. Journal Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry	Markers, Pathways and Current Evidence for Periodontitis-associated Insulin Resistance: A Narrative Review Course Detail Markers, Pathways and Current Evidence for Periodontitis-associated Insulin Resistance: A Narrative Review R425.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview The aim of the present paper is to provide a narrative review of the markers and pathways of periodontitis-associated insulin resistance (IR). Research papers published in peer reviewed scientific journals from 2000 to 2021 were searched systematically in Online Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and MedLine/PubMed database. The medical subject headings (MeSH) terms used for literature search were “diabetes AND periodontal disease,” “diabetes AND periodontitis,” “inflammation AND insulin resistance,” “Insulin resistance AND periodontal disease,” and “insulin resistance AND periodontitis.” Manual search for applicable work in review article peer-reviewed print journals, and latest editions of standard textbooks of pharmacology and pathology were searched for updated additional information. Seven out of 13 systematic reviews and a total of 18 randomized clinical trials to evaluate periodontitis-induced IR were short-listed to update current evidence. The current literature in the past two decades has evaluated the effect of periodontal therapy on various type-2 diabetes (T2D) biomarkers following periodontal therapy. These indicators of periodontal disease activity and surrogate biomarkers of T2D in periodontitis may be an important diagnostic tool for the early prediction of complications due to IR. This increased systemic burden of proinflammatory cytokines by periodontitis can be reduced by periodontal therapy, thus improving the patient’s overall systemic condition. Journal Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry	3	R425.00
Oral Health and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Unique Collaboration between Dentistry and Occupational Therapy Oral Health and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Unique Collaboration between Dentistry and Occupational Therapy Overview Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are at risk for oral health disparities. With the dramatic rise in ASD prevalence to 1 in 54 children, it is likely that an increasing number of dental practitioners will encounter or be asked to treat children with ASD. This paper reviews explanations related to the increasing prevalence of ASD, provides reasons why children with ASD are at increased risk for poor oral health, and discusses unique interprofessional collaborations between dental practitioners and occupational therapists. Occupational therapists and dentists can work together to plan modifications to the dental environment or adapt dental protocols to reduce some of the barriers encountered by those with ASD, provide desensitization strategies before the clinic visit, or help a child with emotional regulation during clinical treatments. Authors Dominique H. Como,Leah I. Stein Duker, José C. Polido and Sharon A. Cermak Journal Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health	Oral Health and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Unique Collaboration between Dentistry and Occupational Therapy Course Detail Oral Health and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Unique Collaboration between Dentistry and Occupational Therapy R425.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are at risk for oral health disparities. With the dramatic rise in ASD prevalence to 1 in 54 children, it is likely that an increasing number of dental practitioners will encounter or be asked to treat children with ASD. This paper reviews explanations related to the increasing prevalence of ASD, provides reasons why children with ASD are at increased risk for poor oral health, and discusses unique interprofessional collaborations between dental practitioners and occupational therapists. Occupational therapists and dentists can work together to plan modifications to the dental environment or adapt dental protocols to reduce some of the barriers encountered by those with ASD, provide desensitization strategies before the clinic visit, or help a child with emotional regulation during clinical treatments. Authors Dominique H. Como,Leah I. Stein Duker, José C. Polido and Sharon A. Cermak Journal Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health	3	R425.00
Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection-in dentists and supporting staff at a university dental hospital in Argentina Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection-in dentists and supporting staff at a university dental hospital in Argentina Overview Oral healthcare professionals are at increased risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of COVID-19 in a population of workers who provided services during the COVID19 pandemic at a dental care and educational institution in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study including 358 workers who provided essential services during the first 180 days of the COVID-19 pandemic at the Dental Hospital at Buenos Aires University School of Dentistry (FOUBA). Following epidemiological data, these workers underwent diagnostic testing for COVID-19 (1- nasal or throat swab tests; 2- blood test for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays [ELISA]; 3- commercial rapid serology test). Three diagnostic tests were implemented. Rapid tests were performed on 290 subjects, with 255 negative results For this sample of dentists, dental assistants and nonclinical personnel, the weighted prevalence of COVID-19 was 4%. Authors Sebastian Puia, Jorge Pasart, Ariel Gualtieri, Francisco Somoza, Carolina Melo, Milton Alessandrelo, Patricio Gatti, Aldo Squassi, Pablo Alejandro Rodriguez Journal Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research	Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection-in dentists and supporting staff at a university dental hospital in Argentina Course Detail Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection-in dentists and supporting staff at a university dental hospital in Argentina R410.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Oral healthcare professionals are at increased risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of COVID-19 in a population of workers who provided services during the COVID19 pandemic at a dental care and educational institution in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study including 358 workers who provided essential services during the first 180 days of the COVID-19 pandemic at the Dental Hospital at Buenos Aires University School of Dentistry (FOUBA). Following epidemiological data, these workers underwent diagnostic testing for COVID-19 (1- nasal or throat swab tests; 2- blood test for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays [ELISA]; 3- commercial rapid serology test). Three diagnostic tests were implemented. Rapid tests were performed on 290 subjects, with 255 negative results For this sample of dentists, dental assistants and nonclinical personnel, the weighted prevalence of COVID-19 was 4%. Authors Sebastian Puia, Jorge Pasart, Ariel Gualtieri, Francisco Somoza, Carolina Melo, Milton Alessandrelo, Patricio Gatti, Aldo Squassi, Pablo Alejandro Rodriguez Journal Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research	3	R410.00
Advantages of using toothpaste containing propolis and plant oils for gingivitis prevention and oral cavity hygiene in cleft lip/palate patients Advantages of using toothpaste containing propolis and plant oils for gingivitis prevention and oral cavity hygiene in cleft lip/palate patients Overview The anti-inflammatory and antibacterial action of preparations used during oral hygiene procedures is particularly important in patients with oral cleft. Few reports have been published assessing the influence of natural products on the state of the oral cavity in patients with oral cleft. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of toothpaste containing Polish propolis and plant oils on oral cavity health in patients with oral cleft treated orthodontically. A total of 50 patients aged 9–16 years old (20 females, 23 males) were selected and randomly assigned into two groups. Group (A) received toothpaste with Polish propolis, tea tree oil, menthol, and rosemary oil. Group (B) received toothpaste without active ingredients (placebo). A baseline assessment was followed by an oral hygiene index (OHI, debris OHI-D, and calculus OHI-C component) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) after 35 days. The methodology of the oral condition assessment included the presence of cleft malformation as a dysmorphic of the anterior maxilla segment. It was concluded that in group A, improvement in oral cavity hygiene assessed for incisors and molars was found (OHI-T p = 0.011). For the gingival condition, a decrease in the gingival bleeding index - total (GBI-T p = 0.002), as well as for the incisors (GBI-I p = 0.007) and molars (GBI-M p = 0.017) was found. This research confirms the biological effectiveness of toothpaste with Polish propolis and plant oils. These results may be clinically useful for improving preventative oral care and for control of oral infectious diseases during orthodontic treatment in patients with oral cleft. Authors Agnieszka Machorowska-Pieniazek, Tadeusz Morawiec, Marcin Olek, Anna Mertas, David Aebisher, Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher, Grzegorz Cie´slar, Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka Journal Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy	Advantages of using toothpaste containing propolis and plant oils for gingivitis prevention and oral cavity hygiene in cleft lip/palate patients Course Detail Advantages of using toothpaste containing propolis and plant oils for gingivitis prevention and oral cavity hygiene in cleft lip/palate patients R435.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview The anti-inflammatory and antibacterial action of preparations used during oral hygiene procedures is particularly important in patients with oral cleft. Few reports have been published assessing the influence of natural products on the state of the oral cavity in patients with oral cleft. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of toothpaste containing Polish propolis and plant oils on oral cavity health in patients with oral cleft treated orthodontically. A total of 50 patients aged 9–16 years old (20 females, 23 males) were selected and randomly assigned into two groups. Group (A) received toothpaste with Polish propolis, tea tree oil, menthol, and rosemary oil. Group (B) received toothpaste without active ingredients (placebo). A baseline assessment was followed by an oral hygiene index (OHI, debris OHI-D, and calculus OHI-C component) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) after 35 days. The methodology of the oral condition assessment included the presence of cleft malformation as a dysmorphic of the anterior maxilla segment. It was concluded that in group A, improvement in oral cavity hygiene assessed for incisors and molars was found (OHI-T p = 0.011). For the gingival condition, a decrease in the gingival bleeding index - total (GBI-T p = 0.002), as well as for the incisors (GBI-I p = 0.007) and molars (GBI-M p = 0.017) was found. This research confirms the biological effectiveness of toothpaste with Polish propolis and plant oils. These results may be clinically useful for improving preventative oral care and for control of oral infectious diseases during orthodontic treatment in patients with oral cleft. Authors Agnieszka Machorowska-Pieniazek, Tadeusz Morawiec, Marcin Olek, Anna Mertas, David Aebisher, Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher, Grzegorz Cie´slar, Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka Journal Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy	3	R435.00
Oral Health Behaviour and Predictors of Oral Health Behaviour Among Patients with Diabetes in the Republic of Mauritius Oral Health Behaviour and Predictors of Oral Health Behaviour Among Patients with Diabetes in the Republic of Mauritius Overview The purpose of this study is to investigate the oral care habits and assess the determinants of oral care behaviour among people with diabetes. The present study draws on data collected from 589 dentate persons with diabetes by means of a close-ended questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the association of different demographic and clinical factors with recommended dental hygiene practices. The results showed that most of the participants brushed at least twice daily (84.2%), never flossed (88.6%), attended dental clinics on need only (87.1%), and did not monitor their blood glucose levels regularly (69.9%). Neither awareness about the increased risk of periodontal disease and xerostomia nor receiving advice from diabetes care providers was found to be associated with good oral hygiene or increased service utilisation. The experience of oral diseases did not encourage recommended oral health practice, with participants without experience with periodontal disease being 3 times more likely to floss In conclusion it was found that there is widespread noncompliance with regular flossing and dental service utilisation. The findings highlight the need for an emphasis on preventive care through the provision of integrated medical and dental interventions to high-risk individuals suffering from both diabetes and chronic periodontitis Authors Nesha Paurobally, Estie Kruger, Marc Tennant Journal International Dental Journal	Oral Health Behaviour and Predictors of Oral Health Behaviour Among Patients with Diabetes in the Republic of Mauritius Course Detail Oral Health Behaviour and Predictors of Oral Health Behaviour Among Patients with Diabetes in the Republic of Mauritius R385.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview The purpose of this study is to investigate the oral care habits and assess the determinants of oral care behaviour among people with diabetes. The present study draws on data collected from 589 dentate persons with diabetes by means of a close-ended questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the association of different demographic and clinical factors with recommended dental hygiene practices. The results showed that most of the participants brushed at least twice daily (84.2%), never flossed (88.6%), attended dental clinics on need only (87.1%), and did not monitor their blood glucose levels regularly (69.9%). Neither awareness about the increased risk of periodontal disease and xerostomia nor receiving advice from diabetes care providers was found to be associated with good oral hygiene or increased service utilisation. The experience of oral diseases did not encourage recommended oral health practice, with participants without experience with periodontal disease being 3 times more likely to floss In conclusion it was found that there is widespread noncompliance with regular flossing and dental service utilisation. The findings highlight the need for an emphasis on preventive care through the provision of integrated medical and dental interventions to high-risk individuals suffering from both diabetes and chronic periodontitis Authors Nesha Paurobally, Estie Kruger, Marc Tennant Journal International Dental Journal	3	R385.00
Is there an association between oral health and severity of COVID-19 complications? Is there an association between oral health and severity of COVID-19 complications? Overview The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in late 2019 and has quickly developed into a global pandemic. Age is one of the highest risk factors for developing severe symptoms of COVID-19, the disease caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2. Thus, individuals over the age of 65 and those living in long-term care facilities are especially vulnerable to morbidity and mortality due to infection with SARS-CoV-2. However, persons with chronic lung disease, moderate to severe asthma, severe obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and liver disease are also at high risk for severe COVID-symptoms. Most patients with severe complications from COVID-19 have underlying conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. In parallel, there is growing evidence for a link between periodontitis and non-oral systemic diseases. The oral cavity is also a reservoir for respiratory pathogens, and patients with periodontal disease are more likely to develop hospital-acquired pneumonia than healthy individuals. This study therefore hypothesizes that improving oral health could decrease the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and reduce the associated morbidity. Authors Nathalie Botros, Parvati Iyer, David M. Ojcius Journal Biomedical Journal	Is there an association between oral health and severity of COVID-19 complications? Course Detail Is there an association between oral health and severity of COVID-19 complications? R375.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in late 2019 and has quickly developed into a global pandemic. Age is one of the highest risk factors for developing severe symptoms of COVID-19, the disease caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2. Thus, individuals over the age of 65 and those living in long-term care facilities are especially vulnerable to morbidity and mortality due to infection with SARS-CoV-2. However, persons with chronic lung disease, moderate to severe asthma, severe obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and liver disease are also at high risk for severe COVID-symptoms. Most patients with severe complications from COVID-19 have underlying conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. In parallel, there is growing evidence for a link between periodontitis and non-oral systemic diseases. The oral cavity is also a reservoir for respiratory pathogens, and patients with periodontal disease are more likely to develop hospital-acquired pneumonia than healthy individuals. This study therefore hypothesizes that improving oral health could decrease the severity of COVID-19 symptoms and reduce the associated morbidity. Authors Nathalie Botros, Parvati Iyer, David M. Ojcius Journal Biomedical Journal	3	R375.00
Impact of the Brush Day & Night Programme on Well-Being, Plaque, and Dental Caries in Children Impact of the Brush Day & Night Programme on Well-Being, Plaque, and Dental Caries in Children Overview Poor oral hygiene can have an adverse effect on quality of life. School-based interventions can establish positive behaviours that reduce the likelihood of dental caries later in life. The Brush Day & Night programme aims to encourage good oral health behaviour and improve oral health and quality-of-life outcomes. In this article, it is reported that the effect of the programme on well-being and oral hygiene measured by plaque levels at 3, 8, and 24 weeks and dental caries at 24 weeks after programme start date. This was a superiority cluster randomised trial of children 6-12 years of age from Indonesia. All children were provided with toothpaste and a toothbrush. Children in the intervention group received the 21-day Brush Day & Night programme, whereas those in the control group did not. Children completed a questionnaire addressing the objectives at all time points. Their oral hygiene was assessed using the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S). Additionally, at baseline and 24 weeks their caries status was recorded using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. The result was that in Indonesia, after participation in the programme children demonstrated a 45% increased probability of no worsening in the occurrence of decayed, missing, or filled teeth. In Nigeria, children had a 71% higher probability of having confidence in their smile and the proportion of children with good oral hygiene doubled from 40% to 80% at 24 weeks. It was concluded that the Brush Day & Night programme was successful in improving well-being and oral hygiene in children in Nigeria and reduced the likelihood of worsening in the occurrence of decayed, missing, or filled teeth in children in Indonesia Authors Paulo Melo, Charlotte Fine, Sinead Malone, Sean Taylor Journal International Dental Journal	Impact of the Brush Day & Night Programme on Well-Being, Plaque, and Dental Caries in Children Course Detail Impact of the Brush Day & Night Programme on Well-Being, Plaque, and Dental Caries in Children R420.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Poor oral hygiene can have an adverse effect on quality of life. School-based interventions can establish positive behaviours that reduce the likelihood of dental caries later in life. The Brush Day & Night programme aims to encourage good oral health behaviour and improve oral health and quality-of-life outcomes. In this article, it is reported that the effect of the programme on well-being and oral hygiene measured by plaque levels at 3, 8, and 24 weeks and dental caries at 24 weeks after programme start date. This was a superiority cluster randomised trial of children 6-12 years of age from Indonesia. All children were provided with toothpaste and a toothbrush. Children in the intervention group received the 21-day Brush Day & Night programme, whereas those in the control group did not. Children completed a questionnaire addressing the objectives at all time points. Their oral hygiene was assessed using the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S). Additionally, at baseline and 24 weeks their caries status was recorded using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. The result was that in Indonesia, after participation in the programme children demonstrated a 45% increased probability of no worsening in the occurrence of decayed, missing, or filled teeth. In Nigeria, children had a 71% higher probability of having confidence in their smile and the proportion of children with good oral hygiene doubled from 40% to 80% at 24 weeks. It was concluded that the Brush Day & Night programme was successful in improving well-being and oral hygiene in children in Nigeria and reduced the likelihood of worsening in the occurrence of decayed, missing, or filled teeth in children in Indonesia Authors Paulo Melo, Charlotte Fine, Sinead Malone, Sean Taylor Journal International Dental Journal	3	R420.00
Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): Implications for Clinical Dental Care Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): Implications for Clinical Dental Care Overview: The recent spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated coronavirus disease has gripped the entire international community and caused widespread public health concerns. Despite global efforts to contain the disease spread, the outbreak is still on a rise because of the community spread pattern of this infection. This is a zoonotic infection, similar to other coronavirus infections, that is believed to have originated in bats and pangolins and later transmitted to humans. Once in the human body, this coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is abundantly present in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions of affected patients, and its spread is predominantly thought to be respiratory droplet/contact in nature. Dental professionals, including endodontists, may encounter patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and will have to act diligently not only to provide care but at the same time prevent nosocomial spread of infection. Thus, the aim of this article is to provide a brief overview of the epidemiology, symptoms, and routes of transmission of this novel infection. In addition, specific recommendations for dental practice are suggested for patient screening, infection control strategies, and patient management protocol. Authors: Amber Ather, BDS, DDS, Biraj Patel, BDS, Nikita B. Ruparel, MS, DDS, PhD, Anibal Diogenes, DDS, MS, PhD, and Kenneth M. Hargreaves, DDS, PhD Journal: JOE – Journal of Endodontics	Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): Implications for Clinical Dental Care Course Detail Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): Implications for Clinical Dental Care R435.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview: The recent spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated coronavirus disease has gripped the entire international community and caused widespread public health concerns. Despite global efforts to contain the disease spread, the outbreak is still on a rise because of the community spread pattern of this infection. This is a zoonotic infection, similar to other coronavirus infections, that is believed to have originated in bats and pangolins and later transmitted to humans. Once in the human body, this coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is abundantly present in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions of affected patients, and its spread is predominantly thought to be respiratory droplet/contact in nature. Dental professionals, including endodontists, may encounter patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and will have to act diligently not only to provide care but at the same time prevent nosocomial spread of infection. Thus, the aim of this article is to provide a brief overview of the epidemiology, symptoms, and routes of transmission of this novel infection. In addition, specific recommendations for dental practice are suggested for patient screening, infection control strategies, and patient management protocol. Authors: Amber Ather, BDS, DDS, Biraj Patel, BDS, Nikita B. Ruparel, MS, DDS, PhD, Anibal Diogenes, DDS, MS, PhD, and Kenneth M. Hargreaves, DDS, PhD Journal: JOE – Journal of Endodontics	3	R435.00

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Medical Ethics: The silent wounds of war: Psycho-physical impacts and international legal implications for children in conflict zones Medical Ethics: The silent wounds of war: Psycho-physical impacts and international legal implications for children in conflict zones Overview Children exposed to war confront a distinct array of adversities that extend far beyond the immediate threats of violence and displacement. While the direct consequences—such as physical harm, the loss of loved ones, and the destruction of homes—are profoundly distressing, the more insidious and enduring damage often stems from the disruption of critical developmental processes. Armed conflict undermines the foundational elements required for healthy childhood development, including emotional security, consistent caregiving, education, accessible healthcare, stable social networks, and physical safety. The psychological impact of living in, or fleeing from, conflict zones infiltrate all aspects of a child’s life. The aim of this study is to raise attention on the importance of establishing effective strategies, which must prioritize not only the treatment of individual symptoms, but also broader efforts aimed at prevention and systemic recovery, thereby fostering resilience and contributing to the long-term rehabilitation of communities affected by conflict.	Medical Ethics: The silent wounds of war: Psycho-physical impacts and international legal implications for children in conflict zones Course Detail Medical Ethics: The silent wounds of war: Psycho-physical impacts and international legal implications for children in conflict zones R550.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Children exposed to war confront a distinct array of adversities that extend far beyond the immediate threats of violence and displacement. While the direct consequences—such as physical harm, the loss of loved ones, and the destruction of homes—are profoundly distressing, the more insidious and enduring damage often stems from the disruption of critical developmental processes. Armed conflict undermines the foundational elements required for healthy childhood development, including emotional security, consistent caregiving, education, accessible healthcare, stable social networks, and physical safety. The psychological impact of living in, or fleeing from, conflict zones infiltrate all aspects of a child’s life. The aim of this study is to raise attention on the importance of establishing effective strategies, which must prioritize not only the treatment of individual symptoms, but also broader efforts aimed at prevention and systemic recovery, thereby fostering resilience and contributing to the long-term rehabilitation of communities affected by conflict.	3	R550.00
Medical Ethics: Marketing for Health Professionals Part 2 Medical Ethics: Marketing for Health Professionals Part 2 Overview “Respect is earned, honesty is appreciated, trust is gained, loyalty s returned” Marketing is the process of getting people interested in your practice’s product or service. This happens through market research, analysis, and understanding your ideal customer's interests. Marketing pertains to all aspects of a business, including product development, distribution methods, sales, and advertising. In practical terms, and within the context of ‘marketing’, the achievement of organizational goals is dependent on understanding needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions – more effectively than competitors ‘ Author: Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics: Marketing for Health Professionals Part 2 Course Detail Medical Ethics: Marketing for Health Professionals Part 2 R525.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview “Respect is earned, honesty is appreciated, trust is gained, loyalty s returned” Marketing is the process of getting people interested in your practice’s product or service. This happens through market research, analysis, and understanding your ideal customer's interests. Marketing pertains to all aspects of a business, including product development, distribution methods, sales, and advertising. In practical terms, and within the context of ‘marketing’, the achievement of organizational goals is dependent on understanding needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions – more effectively than competitors ‘ Author: Harry Rosen	3	R525.00
Medical Ethics: Marketing for Health Professionals Part 1 Medical Ethics: Marketing for Health Professionals Part 1 Overview Q: What is the difference between a squirrel and a rat A: Marketing Marketing involves understanding and meeting the needs of target markets through research, analysis, and delivering high-quality messaging. It aims to attract an audience, demonstrate service value, strengthen brand loyalty, and increase patient numbers and sales. Ultimately, marketing manages and moulds perceptions to achieve organizational goals effectively. Marketing is the process of getting people interested in your practice’s product or service. This happens through market research, analysis, and understanding your ideal customer's interests. Marketing pertains to all aspects of a business, including product development, distribution methods, sales, and advertising. In practical terms, and within the context of ‘marketing’, the achievement of organizational goals is dependent on understanding needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions – more effectively than competitors ‘	Medical Ethics: Marketing for Health Professionals Part 1 Course Detail Medical Ethics: Marketing for Health Professionals Part 1 R525.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Q: What is the difference between a squirrel and a rat A: Marketing Marketing involves understanding and meeting the needs of target markets through research, analysis, and delivering high-quality messaging. It aims to attract an audience, demonstrate service value, strengthen brand loyalty, and increase patient numbers and sales. Ultimately, marketing manages and moulds perceptions to achieve organizational goals effectively. Marketing is the process of getting people interested in your practice’s product or service. This happens through market research, analysis, and understanding your ideal customer's interests. Marketing pertains to all aspects of a business, including product development, distribution methods, sales, and advertising. In practical terms, and within the context of ‘marketing’, the achievement of organizational goals is dependent on understanding needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions – more effectively than competitors ‘	3	R525.00
Medical Ethics: Universal Ethics: The Principles Medical Ethics: Universal Ethics: The Principles Overview Moral Universalism is the belief that there is a universal ethic applicable to all people, transcending cultural and personal differences. Ancient philosophers like Plato and Aristotle, as well as religions such as Christianity and Islam, support the idea of a universal system of morality. The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Sustainable Development Goals are modern examples of efforts to apply universal ethics globally. Universal Ethics influences initiatives like National Health Insurance and drives interventions by organizations like the World Health Organization. Author Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics: Universal Ethics: The Principles Course Detail Medical Ethics: Universal Ethics: The Principles R550.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Moral Universalism is the belief that there is a universal ethic applicable to all people, transcending cultural and personal differences. Ancient philosophers like Plato and Aristotle, as well as religions such as Christianity and Islam, support the idea of a universal system of morality. The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Sustainable Development Goals are modern examples of efforts to apply universal ethics globally. Universal Ethics influences initiatives like National Health Insurance and drives interventions by organizations like the World Health Organization. Author Harry Rosen	3	R550.00
Medical Ethics: Ethical Considerations for Older Adults Medical Ethics: Ethical Considerations for Older Adults Overview This article conjointly presents an outline of ethical considerations among older adults by addressing policy choices, quick and prospects to adapt to population aging, and provides the list of schemes and programs that support to older adults and their families. It concludes with the necessity to require care for the older population which will be very helpful for future research in this area. It also helps to know the timely action required from the part of government, non-public corporations, researchers and the general population. The objectives of this paper are to review ethical considerations among older adults through detailing elderly care and ethical issues on health care services for the elderly and to examine the adequacy of the existing health care services and policies provided to the elderly people. A review of relevant literature was performed to elaborate the ethical considerations among older population. According to the law and medical ethics in older people, there were several considerations that need to carry out in the service of the elderly care, those are ethical principles and emotional difficulties associated with living with chronic conditions. The requirement to extend older adults’ access to psychological state support is well acknowledged in recent reports, notably within the case of older adults with chronic conditions. Journal Nusantara Journal of Behavioral and Social Science.	Medical Ethics: Ethical Considerations for Older Adults Course Detail Medical Ethics: Ethical Considerations for Older Adults R485.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview This article conjointly presents an outline of ethical considerations among older adults by addressing policy choices, quick and prospects to adapt to population aging, and provides the list of schemes and programs that support to older adults and their families. It concludes with the necessity to require care for the older population which will be very helpful for future research in this area. It also helps to know the timely action required from the part of government, non-public corporations, researchers and the general population. The objectives of this paper are to review ethical considerations among older adults through detailing elderly care and ethical issues on health care services for the elderly and to examine the adequacy of the existing health care services and policies provided to the elderly people. A review of relevant literature was performed to elaborate the ethical considerations among older population. According to the law and medical ethics in older people, there were several considerations that need to carry out in the service of the elderly care, those are ethical principles and emotional difficulties associated with living with chronic conditions. The requirement to extend older adults’ access to psychological state support is well acknowledged in recent reports, notably within the case of older adults with chronic conditions. Journal Nusantara Journal of Behavioral and Social Science.	3	R485.00
Medical Ethics: Charge it Right: The Ethics of Billing Medical Ethics: Charge it Right: The Ethics of Billing Overview In the realm of economics and finance, the act of charging fees is often seen as a straightforward transactional necessity. However, when viewed through the lens of ethics, it becomes a complex subject that intertwines with the moral fabric of society. The concept of a moral compass in this context refers to the guiding principles and values that govern the fairness and justification of levies and fees. It's not merely about the cost, but the value, transparency, and impact these charges have on individuals and the broader community. The following are principles to consider: This article places emphasis on the basic principles of the competition laws as well as balance billing vis a vis split billing. The moral compass of charging fees is not fixed; it is dynamic and varies across industries, cultures, and individual perspectives. It requires a careful balance of ethical considerations, market demands, and regulatory frameworks. As society evolves, so too does the dialogue around the ethics of levies and fees, making it a perpetual topic of discussion for consumers, businesses, and regulators alike. The following are basic principles to be noted, related to both the charging of fees and use of codes. Author Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics: Charge it Right: The Ethics of Billing Course Detail Medical Ethics: Charge it Right: The Ethics of Billing R550.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview In the realm of economics and finance, the act of charging fees is often seen as a straightforward transactional necessity. However, when viewed through the lens of ethics, it becomes a complex subject that intertwines with the moral fabric of society. The concept of a moral compass in this context refers to the guiding principles and values that govern the fairness and justification of levies and fees. It's not merely about the cost, but the value, transparency, and impact these charges have on individuals and the broader community. The following are principles to consider: This article places emphasis on the basic principles of the competition laws as well as balance billing vis a vis split billing. The moral compass of charging fees is not fixed; it is dynamic and varies across industries, cultures, and individual perspectives. It requires a careful balance of ethical considerations, market demands, and regulatory frameworks. As society evolves, so too does the dialogue around the ethics of levies and fees, making it a perpetual topic of discussion for consumers, businesses, and regulators alike. The following are basic principles to be noted, related to both the charging of fees and use of codes. Author Harry Rosen	3	R550.00
Medical Ethics: Ethical Dilemmas Experienced by School Psychologists in South Africa Medical Ethics: Ethical Dilemmas Experienced by School Psychologists in South Africa Overview School psychologists often face complex ethical and legal issues in their work, which become more challenging as the needs of students and school systems evolve. When faced with ethical dilemmas, it can be difficult for school psychologists to determine the best course of action, particularly when there is no clear solution. Psychologists perform many roles within the school system, but their primary responsibility is to protect the rights and welfare of the children they serve (Boccio, 2015). The profession’s ethical and legal mandates must be upheld when determining how best to meet clients’ needs. Ethical codes are informed by philosophical frameworks that guide appropriate professional behaviour and decision-making in an ideal world. They apply broad ethical principles and specific rules to the problems that arise in professional practice in “doing the right thing.” Furthermore, ethical codes play a crucial role in the psychology profession. They not only lend credibility to the profession but also help psychologists understand their expected behaviours (McCleary & Dawes, 2023). By following these codes, psychologists can ensure that the parties involved, such as children, parents, schools, and psychologists, are protected and that their well-being is prioritized (Lasseret al., 2013). The codes thus act as a compass, guiding appropriate professional behaviour, informing ethical decision-making, and safeguarding the clients This study explored the ethical dilemmas experienced by psychologists working in South African schools in the Western Cape. The aim was to understand the ethical landscape in which they operate. The study highlights the complex context in which school psychologists navigate ethical issues and their impact on the types of dilemmas they face. Finally, suggestions are provided for training and practical application. Journal International Journal of School and Educational Psychology	Medical Ethics: Ethical Dilemmas Experienced by School Psychologists in South Africa Course Detail Medical Ethics: Ethical Dilemmas Experienced by School Psychologists in South Africa R465.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview School psychologists often face complex ethical and legal issues in their work, which become more challenging as the needs of students and school systems evolve. When faced with ethical dilemmas, it can be difficult for school psychologists to determine the best course of action, particularly when there is no clear solution. Psychologists perform many roles within the school system, but their primary responsibility is to protect the rights and welfare of the children they serve (Boccio, 2015). The profession’s ethical and legal mandates must be upheld when determining how best to meet clients’ needs. Ethical codes are informed by philosophical frameworks that guide appropriate professional behaviour and decision-making in an ideal world. They apply broad ethical principles and specific rules to the problems that arise in professional practice in “doing the right thing.” Furthermore, ethical codes play a crucial role in the psychology profession. They not only lend credibility to the profession but also help psychologists understand their expected behaviours (McCleary & Dawes, 2023). By following these codes, psychologists can ensure that the parties involved, such as children, parents, schools, and psychologists, are protected and that their well-being is prioritized (Lasseret al., 2013). The codes thus act as a compass, guiding appropriate professional behaviour, informing ethical decision-making, and safeguarding the clients This study explored the ethical dilemmas experienced by psychologists working in South African schools in the Western Cape. The aim was to understand the ethical landscape in which they operate. The study highlights the complex context in which school psychologists navigate ethical issues and their impact on the types of dilemmas they face. Finally, suggestions are provided for training and practical application. Journal International Journal of School and Educational Psychology	3	R465.00
Medical Ethics: Ethical Issues in Schizophrenia Medical Ethics: Ethical Issues in Schizophrenia Overview The schizophrenia spectrum disorders are defined by abnormalities in one or more of the following domains: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking (speech), grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behaviour (including catatonia), and negative symptoms (1). Associated with significant social and occupational dysfunction, schizophrenia is arguably one of the most debilitating diagnoses an individual can have. Schizophrenia can be a devastating illness, not only through its effects on the individual patient’s functioning and quality of life but also through its effect on the individual’s core personality and unique characteristics. In addition, because patients with schizophrenia commonly lack insight into their disorder and/or their need for treatment, patients and their families may struggle to obtain appropriate, comprehensive, and ongoing care. Journal: Focus Volume 18 Issue 4	Medical Ethics: Ethical Issues in Schizophrenia Course Detail Medical Ethics: Ethical Issues in Schizophrenia R495.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview The schizophrenia spectrum disorders are defined by abnormalities in one or more of the following domains: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking (speech), grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behaviour (including catatonia), and negative symptoms (1). Associated with significant social and occupational dysfunction, schizophrenia is arguably one of the most debilitating diagnoses an individual can have. Schizophrenia can be a devastating illness, not only through its effects on the individual patient’s functioning and quality of life but also through its effect on the individual’s core personality and unique characteristics. In addition, because patients with schizophrenia commonly lack insight into their disorder and/or their need for treatment, patients and their families may struggle to obtain appropriate, comprehensive, and ongoing care. Journal: Focus Volume 18 Issue 4	3	R495.00
Medical Ethics: Ethical and Legal Issues in Psychotherapy Medical Ethics: Ethical and Legal Issues in Psychotherapy Overview Psychotherapeutic interventions are part and parcel of the management of various psychiatric disorders. Pharmacotherapy for most psychiatric disorders is often combined with psychotherapy to improve the overall outcome. Over the years, different types (Psychoanalytic, Cognitive Behaviour, Family, Interpersonal, Supportive, Eclectic, and Brief therapies) and different schools of psychotherapy have emerged and the modality of carrying out psychotherapy has also changed from in person psychotherapy to e therapy. E therapies are being carried out by using synchronous and asynchronous methods. Despite all this, it is evident that there are certain common ingredients for all kinds of psychotherapies. Multiple efforts have been made to define psychotherapy. However, till today the definition of psychotherapy given by Wolberg is comprehensive, which defines it as “a treatment, by psychological means, of problems of an emotional nature in which a trained person deliberately establishes a professional relationship with the patient with the objective of removing, modifying or retarding existing symptoms; mediating disturbed patterns of behaviour and promoting positive personality growth and development.” The basic aim of these guidelines is to establish minimum ethical standards for practice of psychotherapy by the psychiatrists Journal Indian Journal of Psychiatry	Medical Ethics: Ethical and Legal Issues in Psychotherapy Course Detail Medical Ethics: Ethical and Legal Issues in Psychotherapy R485.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Psychotherapeutic interventions are part and parcel of the management of various psychiatric disorders. Pharmacotherapy for most psychiatric disorders is often combined with psychotherapy to improve the overall outcome. Over the years, different types (Psychoanalytic, Cognitive Behaviour, Family, Interpersonal, Supportive, Eclectic, and Brief therapies) and different schools of psychotherapy have emerged and the modality of carrying out psychotherapy has also changed from in person psychotherapy to e therapy. E therapies are being carried out by using synchronous and asynchronous methods. Despite all this, it is evident that there are certain common ingredients for all kinds of psychotherapies. Multiple efforts have been made to define psychotherapy. However, till today the definition of psychotherapy given by Wolberg is comprehensive, which defines it as “a treatment, by psychological means, of problems of an emotional nature in which a trained person deliberately establishes a professional relationship with the patient with the objective of removing, modifying or retarding existing symptoms; mediating disturbed patterns of behaviour and promoting positive personality growth and development.” The basic aim of these guidelines is to establish minimum ethical standards for practice of psychotherapy by the psychiatrists Journal Indian Journal of Psychiatry	3	R485.00
Medical Ethics: The Delinquent Patient Medical Ethics: The Delinquent Patient Patients are the lifeblood of a practice, considering that no practice can survive without patients. If you have a service that no patient is willing to pay for, you will never have a stable practice. Patients pay the bills and provide opportunities for your practice to grow. However, sometimes patients are encountered in practice, who make the lives of the practitioner and staff miserable. Difficult patients can leave you and your staff angry, empty, and frustrated. The way difficult patients are handled will define the quality of the patient experience. Not knowing how to deal with difficult patients may lead to low staff morale, low patient volume and a damaged practice reputation. At times, managing difficult patients can hinder your ability to get your work done. But if handling difficult patients is seen as an opportunity rather than trouble, you may find that you can strengthen your patient service skills while retaining their business. Practicing medicine in your own private practice requires a fine balance between caring for patients and running a business. Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics: The Delinquent Patient Course Detail Medical Ethics: The Delinquent Patient R480.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Patients are the lifeblood of a practice, considering that no practice can survive without patients. If you have a service that no patient is willing to pay for, you will never have a stable practice. Patients pay the bills and provide opportunities for your practice to grow. However, sometimes patients are encountered in practice, who make the lives of the practitioner and staff miserable. Difficult patients can leave you and your staff angry, empty, and frustrated. The way difficult patients are handled will define the quality of the patient experience. Not knowing how to deal with difficult patients may lead to low staff morale, low patient volume and a damaged practice reputation. At times, managing difficult patients can hinder your ability to get your work done. But if handling difficult patients is seen as an opportunity rather than trouble, you may find that you can strengthen your patient service skills while retaining their business. Practicing medicine in your own private practice requires a fine balance between caring for patients and running a business. Harry Rosen	3	R480.00
Medical Ethics: Embelishment and Exaggeration in Practice Medical Ethics: Embelishment and Exaggeration in Practice Overview “I am so hungry I could eat a horse.” “This ice cream is out of this world.” Exaggeration is common in everyday language, and phrases such as those stated above are well known. Embellishing stories about one's accomplishments or qualifications, whether by exaggeration or misstatement, is part of human nature, experts say, and almost everyone is guilty of it at one time or another. Left unchecked, however, exaggerations that seemed innocuous at first can result in serious, potentially career-ending consequences. Thanks to the Internet, it is easier than ever to get caught in an exaggeration, experts and others note. But the temptation to embellish has also never been greater, as recession-weary workers feel pressured to justify their worth and a 24-hour news cycle demands that leaders have an immediate, sound-bite-ready answer for everything. If you are prone to exaggeration, however, this could mean that you habitually overstate the truth. This article examines exaggeration in all its guises but with a particular reference to the risks and responsibilities of a health care provider. Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics: Embelishment and Exaggeration in Practice Course Detail Medical Ethics: Embelishment and Exaggeration in Practice R485.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview “I am so hungry I could eat a horse.” “This ice cream is out of this world.” Exaggeration is common in everyday language, and phrases such as those stated above are well known. Embellishing stories about one's accomplishments or qualifications, whether by exaggeration or misstatement, is part of human nature, experts say, and almost everyone is guilty of it at one time or another. Left unchecked, however, exaggerations that seemed innocuous at first can result in serious, potentially career-ending consequences. Thanks to the Internet, it is easier than ever to get caught in an exaggeration, experts and others note. But the temptation to embellish has also never been greater, as recession-weary workers feel pressured to justify their worth and a 24-hour news cycle demands that leaders have an immediate, sound-bite-ready answer for everything. If you are prone to exaggeration, however, this could mean that you habitually overstate the truth. This article examines exaggeration in all its guises but with a particular reference to the risks and responsibilities of a health care provider. Harry Rosen	3	R485.00
Medical Ethics: Ethical Challenges: Beyond Covid Medical Ethics: Ethical Challenges: Beyond Covid Overview “Ethical challenges will intensify as the pandemic wanes”. The disruptions caused by COVID-19 have heightened the risk of unethical behaviour in different sectors, including in healthcare, where trust is our lifeblood. We’ve seen an outbreak of misinformation during the pandemic, ranging from fake cures, false claims, and harmful health advice. We’ve seen bad-acting opportunists take advantage to trade illegitimate or non-compliant products. For the past two and a half years, the world has been duly tested by the challenges resulting primarily from the COVID-19 pandemic. In response, health care providers have shown tremendous resilience. However, as jurisdictions around the world progressed toward a more hopeful future, the ethical challenges health care providers face are far from over. In fact, they might intensify. As the pandemic fades, but taking cognisance of continued threats such as the ‘5th and 6th wave’ in South Africa, many entities as well as individuals will be eager to demonstrate their potential by posting quick wins and an accelerating recovery. Others will continue to navigate the intricacies of government support schemes, and, as those taper, some entities will find themselves on the brink of insolvency. Just as the economic impacts of this crisis unfolded in an uneven and unpredictable manner around the world, so too will recovery efforts. Health care providers must anticipate a continued period of heightened uncertainty and prioritize their ethical responsibilities all the more. Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics: Ethical Challenges: Beyond Covid Course Detail Medical Ethics: Ethical Challenges: Beyond Covid R425.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview “Ethical challenges will intensify as the pandemic wanes”. The disruptions caused by COVID-19 have heightened the risk of unethical behaviour in different sectors, including in healthcare, where trust is our lifeblood. We’ve seen an outbreak of misinformation during the pandemic, ranging from fake cures, false claims, and harmful health advice. We’ve seen bad-acting opportunists take advantage to trade illegitimate or non-compliant products. For the past two and a half years, the world has been duly tested by the challenges resulting primarily from the COVID-19 pandemic. In response, health care providers have shown tremendous resilience. However, as jurisdictions around the world progressed toward a more hopeful future, the ethical challenges health care providers face are far from over. In fact, they might intensify. As the pandemic fades, but taking cognisance of continued threats such as the ‘5th and 6th wave’ in South Africa, many entities as well as individuals will be eager to demonstrate their potential by posting quick wins and an accelerating recovery. Others will continue to navigate the intricacies of government support schemes, and, as those taper, some entities will find themselves on the brink of insolvency. Just as the economic impacts of this crisis unfolded in an uneven and unpredictable manner around the world, so too will recovery efforts. Health care providers must anticipate a continued period of heightened uncertainty and prioritize their ethical responsibilities all the more. Harry Rosen	3	R425.00
Medical Ethics: The Rule of Law in Turbulent Times Medical Ethics: The Rule of Law in Turbulent Times Overview Primarily, as a result of the advent of Covid, planet Earth has been thrown off its axis. South Africa is no exception, with the added aggravation and devastation due to looting, floods, etc. The consequences to practitioners, practice staff, families and patients have been immeasurable. Within this turmoil, there have been an avalanche of diverse factors and forces introduced into the healthcare arena, that, in way or another, impact or have the potential to impact on practices. These factors are discussed in this study. Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics: The Rule of Law in Turbulent Times Course Detail Medical Ethics: The Rule of Law in Turbulent Times R485.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Primarily, as a result of the advent of Covid, planet Earth has been thrown off its axis. South Africa is no exception, with the added aggravation and devastation due to looting, floods, etc. The consequences to practitioners, practice staff, families and patients have been immeasurable. Within this turmoil, there have been an avalanche of diverse factors and forces introduced into the healthcare arena, that, in way or another, impact or have the potential to impact on practices. These factors are discussed in this study. Harry Rosen	3	R485.00
Medical Ethics: Ethical Pitfalls in Practice Medical Ethics: Ethical Pitfalls in Practice Overview We live in a world where we face challenges daily. In technical terms, Ethical Pitfalls relate to that field of research, within the ambit of behavioural ethics , which focuses on how people behave when they're confronted with dilemmas and respond in ways that contradict their values, without even knowing they're doing it. In essence, the conduct of practitioners or staff may knowingly or unknowingly transgress existing ethical boundaries. In practical terms, when an activity in a practice environment conflicts with moral human principles and affects individuals involved working within the practice, it becomes an ethical issue. While regulator-enforced rules can hold employees and employers accountable for lawbreaking conduct, they can't entirely prevent individuals from acting unethically. Thus, it is the responsibility of the practice owner to address ethical concerns and establish clear guidelines. This coursed discusses this ethical issue. Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics: Ethical Pitfalls in Practice Course Detail Medical Ethics: Ethical Pitfalls in Practice R465.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview We live in a world where we face challenges daily. In technical terms, Ethical Pitfalls relate to that field of research, within the ambit of behavioural ethics , which focuses on how people behave when they're confronted with dilemmas and respond in ways that contradict their values, without even knowing they're doing it. In essence, the conduct of practitioners or staff may knowingly or unknowingly transgress existing ethical boundaries. In practical terms, when an activity in a practice environment conflicts with moral human principles and affects individuals involved working within the practice, it becomes an ethical issue. While regulator-enforced rules can hold employees and employers accountable for lawbreaking conduct, they can't entirely prevent individuals from acting unethically. Thus, it is the responsibility of the practice owner to address ethical concerns and establish clear guidelines. This coursed discusses this ethical issue. Harry Rosen	3	R465.00
Medical Ethics - Ethics in Practice Medical Ethics - Ethics in Practice Overview Ethical issues in a practice environment can be a difficult challenge to navigate for any practice owner. Though there are laws and statutes that exist to hold workers and employers accountable, these alone do not entirely deter employees from behaving unethically. Avoiding ethical issues in the practice always starts with top management. Providing clearly written policies and processes that ensure those policies are both acknowledged and adhered to, can ensure transparency and ethical practices are applied. To effectively detect and, most importantly, deter ethical issues in practice from surfacing in your organization, there are several everyday efforts you can take. Be sure to communicate and enforce a robust code of ethics when making decisions and ask the same of your employees. Remain aware of the discrimination laws that exist in your region. Stay informed on the rules that impact your industry, and ensure your organization is acting in compliance with those regulations. Collaborate with accountants, maintaining transparency and honesty in your financial reports. Be present in your company, making sure your organization and employees alike are always doing the right and ethical thing. Authors Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics - Ethics in Practice Course Detail Medical Ethics - Ethics in Practice R460.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Ethical issues in a practice environment can be a difficult challenge to navigate for any practice owner. Though there are laws and statutes that exist to hold workers and employers accountable, these alone do not entirely deter employees from behaving unethically. Avoiding ethical issues in the practice always starts with top management. Providing clearly written policies and processes that ensure those policies are both acknowledged and adhered to, can ensure transparency and ethical practices are applied. To effectively detect and, most importantly, deter ethical issues in practice from surfacing in your organization, there are several everyday efforts you can take. Be sure to communicate and enforce a robust code of ethics when making decisions and ask the same of your employees. Remain aware of the discrimination laws that exist in your region. Stay informed on the rules that impact your industry, and ensure your organization is acting in compliance with those regulations. Collaborate with accountants, maintaining transparency and honesty in your financial reports. Be present in your company, making sure your organization and employees alike are always doing the right and ethical thing. Authors Harry Rosen	3	R460.00
Medical Ethics: Professional Practice: A Moral Enterprise Medical Ethics: Professional Practice: A Moral Enterprise Overview Practice as a health care professional is based upon a relationship of mutual trust between patients and health care practitioners. From the perspective of the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA), to be a good health care practitioner, requires a life-long commitment to sound professional and ethical practices and an overriding dedication to the interests of one’s fellow human beings and society. In essence, the practice of health care professions is considered a moral enterprise. In this spirit the HPCSA presents ethical guidelines to guide and direct the practice of health care practitioners, primarily to protect the public. These guidelines form an integral part of the standards of professional conduct against which a complaint of professional misconduct is evaluated. Conducting business ethically is critical to a company’s success in the marketplace. Customers, suppliers and employees will not support a company that is involved in fraudulent, dishonest or unethical practices. Setting high standards of integrity in business relations and promoting their adherence by employees will enable the company to merit the confidence and support of its customers and the public at large. Author Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics: Professional Practice: A Moral Enterprise Course Detail Medical Ethics: Professional Practice: A Moral Enterprise R425.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Practice as a health care professional is based upon a relationship of mutual trust between patients and health care practitioners. From the perspective of the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA), to be a good health care practitioner, requires a life-long commitment to sound professional and ethical practices and an overriding dedication to the interests of one’s fellow human beings and society. In essence, the practice of health care professions is considered a moral enterprise. In this spirit the HPCSA presents ethical guidelines to guide and direct the practice of health care practitioners, primarily to protect the public. These guidelines form an integral part of the standards of professional conduct against which a complaint of professional misconduct is evaluated. Conducting business ethically is critical to a company’s success in the marketplace. Customers, suppliers and employees will not support a company that is involved in fraudulent, dishonest or unethical practices. Setting high standards of integrity in business relations and promoting their adherence by employees will enable the company to merit the confidence and support of its customers and the public at large. Author Harry Rosen	3	R425.00
Medical Ethics: Ethics in Practice -The Obligations that Define a Profession Medical Ethics: Ethics in Practice -The Obligations that Define a Profession Overview The use of the word ‘profession’ has expanded so far beyond its original meaning that a clear definition has become obscured and marred by colloquial usage. It is not uncommon to find the term ‘professional’ misused to describe sportsmen, tradesmen and even politicians. Yet, when we speak about a ‘professional’ there is a tacit understanding that only individuals engaged in certain occupations belong to that category: doctors, lawyers, teachers. A fundamental distinction between a profession and any other occupation, is that individuals engaged in a profession have an ethical obligation to whomever they provide their services. In other words, a profession is required to have a Code of Ethics. Unlike laws and regulations, which are prescriptive and rigid, the principles of ethics are flexible and how they are applied depends on the individual practitioner. It is these responsibilities and expectations that are the hallmarks of a profession. Author Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics: Ethics in Practice -The Obligations that Define a Profession Course Detail Medical Ethics: Ethics in Practice -The Obligations that Define a Profession R485.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview The use of the word ‘profession’ has expanded so far beyond its original meaning that a clear definition has become obscured and marred by colloquial usage. It is not uncommon to find the term ‘professional’ misused to describe sportsmen, tradesmen and even politicians. Yet, when we speak about a ‘professional’ there is a tacit understanding that only individuals engaged in certain occupations belong to that category: doctors, lawyers, teachers. A fundamental distinction between a profession and any other occupation, is that individuals engaged in a profession have an ethical obligation to whomever they provide their services. In other words, a profession is required to have a Code of Ethics. Unlike laws and regulations, which are prescriptive and rigid, the principles of ethics are flexible and how they are applied depends on the individual practitioner. It is these responsibilities and expectations that are the hallmarks of a profession. Author Harry Rosen	3	R485.00
Medical Ethics: Social Media Violations Medical Ethics: Social Media Violations “I remember when Blackberry and Apple were just fruits.” Overview In practical terms, social media increase connectivity and is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. Social media are forms of electronic communication (such as websites for social networking and microblogging) through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content (such as videos) Businesses large and small are turning to social media as an outreach to potential customers worldwide, to advertise their products and services, and to engage with customers. In recent times we have seen how social signals are becoming an important part of search engine optimization. There is no doubt that a well- planned social media strategy has the potential to make or take down a brand. For example, Lady Gaga (personal branding) quickly became a smash hit, and social media played a major role in her rise to stardom. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and all other social media websites are great communication tools. After all, they help us be connected to people from all over the world. However, if poorly managed they can cause huge damage. Author Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics: Social Media Violations Course Detail Medical Ethics: Social Media Violations R465.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course “I remember when Blackberry and Apple were just fruits.” Overview In practical terms, social media increase connectivity and is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. Social media are forms of electronic communication (such as websites for social networking and microblogging) through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content (such as videos) Businesses large and small are turning to social media as an outreach to potential customers worldwide, to advertise their products and services, and to engage with customers. In recent times we have seen how social signals are becoming an important part of search engine optimization. There is no doubt that a well- planned social media strategy has the potential to make or take down a brand. For example, Lady Gaga (personal branding) quickly became a smash hit, and social media played a major role in her rise to stardom. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and all other social media websites are great communication tools. After all, they help us be connected to people from all over the world. However, if poorly managed they can cause huge damage. Author Harry Rosen	3	R465.00
Medical Ethics: Ethical Guidelines to Social Media Medical Ethics: Ethical Guidelines to Social Media Overview This guideline was developed to help health practitioners understand their obligations when using Social Media. The guideline applies to all health practitioners registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa Social Media describes the online tools and electronic platforms that people use to share content such as opinions, information, photos, videos, and audio. The use of Social Media is expanding rapidly as individuals and organisations are embracing user-generated content through social networks, internet forums and personal blogs. Health professionals need to be aware that there are potential risks involved in the sharing of information via Social Media, even if the consequences are unintended. A key objective of the HPCSA and its Professional Boards is to guide the profession and protect the public. Some health practitioners may find Social Media beneficial as it allows them to keep updated on the latest healthcare developments through reputable user generated content. Acknowledgement Journal: Ethical and Professional Rules of the Health Professions Council of South Africa	Medical Ethics: Ethical Guidelines to Social Media Course Detail Medical Ethics: Ethical Guidelines to Social Media R425.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview This guideline was developed to help health practitioners understand their obligations when using Social Media. The guideline applies to all health practitioners registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa Social Media describes the online tools and electronic platforms that people use to share content such as opinions, information, photos, videos, and audio. The use of Social Media is expanding rapidly as individuals and organisations are embracing user-generated content through social networks, internet forums and personal blogs. Health professionals need to be aware that there are potential risks involved in the sharing of information via Social Media, even if the consequences are unintended. A key objective of the HPCSA and its Professional Boards is to guide the profession and protect the public. Some health practitioners may find Social Media beneficial as it allows them to keep updated on the latest healthcare developments through reputable user generated content. Acknowledgement Journal: Ethical and Professional Rules of the Health Professions Council of South Africa	3	R425.00
Medical Ethics: Ethical Guidelines for the Withholding and Withdrawing of Treatment Medical Ethics: Ethical Guidelines for the Withholding and Withdrawing of Treatment Overview Health care practitioners have a responsibility to make the care of their patients their first concern. The guidance in these guidelines is intended to provide an ethical framework of good practice for health care practitioners in circumstances where they are faced with making a decision on whether to withhold or withdraw life-prolonging treatment. It takes account of existing law in this area, that allowing for withholding and withdrawing of life sustaining treatments and that which prohibits killing, active euthanasia, and assisted suicide. The health care professional may alleviate the suffering of a terminally ill patient by withholding treatment i.e. allowing the natural process of death to follow its course, provided there is consultation with another health care practitioner who is an expert in the field, and where available, discussions with the closest relatives. The HPCSA also expects health care practitioners to observe the provisions of the World Medical Association Declaration on Terminal Illness. Acknowledgement Journal: Ethical and Professional Rules of the Health Professions Council of South Africa	Medical Ethics: Ethical Guidelines for the Withholding and Withdrawing of Treatment Course Detail Medical Ethics: Ethical Guidelines for the Withholding and Withdrawing of Treatment R485.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Health care practitioners have a responsibility to make the care of their patients their first concern. The guidance in these guidelines is intended to provide an ethical framework of good practice for health care practitioners in circumstances where they are faced with making a decision on whether to withhold or withdraw life-prolonging treatment. It takes account of existing law in this area, that allowing for withholding and withdrawing of life sustaining treatments and that which prohibits killing, active euthanasia, and assisted suicide. The health care professional may alleviate the suffering of a terminally ill patient by withholding treatment i.e. allowing the natural process of death to follow its course, provided there is consultation with another health care practitioner who is an expert in the field, and where available, discussions with the closest relatives. The HPCSA also expects health care practitioners to observe the provisions of the World Medical Association Declaration on Terminal Illness. Acknowledgement Journal: Ethical and Professional Rules of the Health Professions Council of South Africa	3	R485.00
Medical Ethics: Artificial Intelligence Ethics – Too Principled to Fail? Medical Ethics: Artificial Intelligence Ethics – Too Principled to Fail? Overview AI Ethics is now a global topic of discussion in academic and policy circles. At least 63 public-private initiatives have produced statements describing high-level principles, values, and other tenets to guide the ethical development, deployment, and governance of AI. According to recent meta-analyses, AI Ethics has seemingly converged on a set of principles that closely resemble the four classic principles of medical ethics. Despite the initial credibility granted to a principled approach to AI Ethics by the connection to principles in medical ethics, there are reasons to be concerned about its future impact on AI development and governance. Significant differences exist between medicine and AI development that suggest a principled approach in the latter may not enjoy success comparable to the former. Compared to medicine, AI development lacks (1) common aims and fiduciary duties, (2) professional history and norms, (3) proven methods to translate principles into practice, and (4) robust legal and professional accountability mechanisms. These differences suggest we should not yet celebrate consensus around high-level principles that hide deep political and normative disagreement. Acknowledgment Author Brent Mittelstadti Journal Nature Machine Intelligence November 2019	Medical Ethics: Artificial Intelligence Ethics – Too Principled to Fail? Course Detail Medical Ethics: Artificial Intelligence Ethics – Too Principled to Fail? R420.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview AI Ethics is now a global topic of discussion in academic and policy circles. At least 63 public-private initiatives have produced statements describing high-level principles, values, and other tenets to guide the ethical development, deployment, and governance of AI. According to recent meta-analyses, AI Ethics has seemingly converged on a set of principles that closely resemble the four classic principles of medical ethics. Despite the initial credibility granted to a principled approach to AI Ethics by the connection to principles in medical ethics, there are reasons to be concerned about its future impact on AI development and governance. Significant differences exist between medicine and AI development that suggest a principled approach in the latter may not enjoy success comparable to the former. Compared to medicine, AI development lacks (1) common aims and fiduciary duties, (2) professional history and norms, (3) proven methods to translate principles into practice, and (4) robust legal and professional accountability mechanisms. These differences suggest we should not yet celebrate consensus around high-level principles that hide deep political and normative disagreement. Acknowledgment Author Brent Mittelstadti Journal Nature Machine Intelligence November 2019	3	R420.00

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Burn Resuscitation and Early Management

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Burn Resuscitation and Early Management

COVID-2019 -A comprehensive pathology insight

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COVID-2019 -A comprehensive pathology insight

Medical Ethics: Ethics in Practice -The

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Medical Ethics: Ethics in Practice -The

Medical Ethics: Social Media Violations

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Medical Ethics: Social Media Violations

Viral Pneumonia Part 1

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Viral Pneumonia Part 1

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Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programme is designed to assist you as a health practitioner to maintain and develop your academic and professional credentials. It keeps you up-to-date with the latest development and upgrades your knowledge, skills and capabilities enabling you to be effective and compliant.

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cpdexpress offers you a wide variety of courses (20-50 per discipline) to select from. Each course is followed by a multiple choice questionnaire (MCQ), which once passed (70% pass rate required), you will obtain CPD points (usually 3 points per course) towards the total number of CPD points required by HPCSA (typically 30 points per annum plus 6 Ethics points which can all be obtained online).

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The relationship between self-reported preventive and curative orientations of dentists and oral healthcare services provided to Dutch young patients: An observational study

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The relationship between self-reported preventive and curative orientations of dentists and oral healthcare services provided to Dutch young patients: An observational study

Practices and preferences in the use of magnification among endodontists and restorative dentists: A multicentre study

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Practices and preferences in the use of magnification among endodontists and restorative dentists: A multicentre study

Association of self-reported periodontal disease and inequities with long haul COVID-19

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Association of self-reported periodontal disease and inequities with long haul COVID-19

Comparison Between Powered and Manual Toothbrushes Effectiveness for Maintaining an Optimal Oral Health Status

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Comparison Between Powered and Manual Toothbrushes Effectiveness for Maintaining an Optimal Oral Health Status

Evaluation of the Effect of Maternal Education on Toddler Dental Plaque Removal Based on a Health Belief Model

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Evaluation of the Effect of Maternal Education on Toddler Dental Plaque Removal Based on a Health Belief Model

Oral Health Educational Intervention for Primary Healthcare Providers Using the Flipped Approach

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Oral Health Educational Intervention for Primary Healthcare Providers Using the Flipped Approach

Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) Analysis in Partially Edentulous Patients with and without Denture Therapy

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Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) Analysis in Partially Edentulous Patients with and without Denture Therapy

Healthcare provision for medical tourism: A comparative review

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Healthcare provision for medical tourism: A comparative review

H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu)

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H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu)

HIV and Aids Part 2

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HIV and Aids Part 2

HIV and Aids Part 1

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HIV and Aids Part 1

Ebola Virus Infection

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Ebola Virus Infection

Pros and Cons of CADCAM Technology for Infection Prevention in Dental Settings during COVID-19 Outbreak

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Pros and Cons of CADCAM Technology for Infection Prevention in Dental Settings during COVID-19 Outbreak

Effects of Resistance Training as a Behavioural Preventive Measure on Musculoskeletal Complaints, Maximum Strength and Ergonomic Risk in Dentists and Dental Assistants

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Effects of Resistance Training as a Behavioural Preventive Measure on Musculoskeletal Complaints, Maximum Strength and Ergonomic Risk in Dentists and Dental Assistants

Relationship between dental experiences, oral hygiene education and self-reported oral hygiene behaviour

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Relationship between dental experiences, oral hygiene education and self-reported oral hygiene behaviour

Blood and saliva contamination on protective eyewear during dental treatment

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Blood and saliva contamination on protective eyewear during dental treatment

Markers, Pathways and Current Evidence for Periodontitis-associated Insulin Resistance: A Narrative Review

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Markers, Pathways and Current Evidence for Periodontitis-associated Insulin Resistance: A Narrative Review

Oral Health and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Unique Collaboration between Dentistry and Occupational Therapy

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Oral Health and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Unique Collaboration between Dentistry and Occupational Therapy

Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection-in dentists and supporting staff at a university dental hospital in Argentina

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Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection-in dentists and supporting staff at a university dental hospital in Argentina

Advantages of using toothpaste containing propolis and plant oils for gingivitis prevention and oral cavity hygiene in cleft lip/palate patients

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Advantages of using toothpaste containing propolis and plant oils for gingivitis prevention and oral cavity hygiene in cleft lip/palate patients

Oral Health Behaviour and Predictors of Oral Health Behaviour Among Patients with Diabetes in the Republic of Mauritius

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Oral Health Behaviour and Predictors of Oral Health Behaviour Among Patients with Diabetes in the Republic of Mauritius

Is there an association between oral health and severity of COVID-19 complications?

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Is there an association between oral health and severity of COVID-19 complications?

Impact of the Brush Day & Night Programme on Well-Being, Plaque, and Dental Caries in Children

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Impact of the Brush Day & Night Programme on Well-Being, Plaque, and Dental Caries in Children

Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): Implications for Clinical Dental Care

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Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): Implications for Clinical Dental Care

Medical Ethics: The Ethics Trap

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Medical Ethics: The Ethics Trap

Medical Ethics: Ethics in Practice -The Essentials

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Medical Ethics: Ethics in Practice -The Essentials

Medical Ethics: Current ethical dilemmas experienced by therapists who use social media: A systematic review

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