 | | HIV and Aids Part 2 | HIV and Aids Part 2
Overview
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus transmitted through sexual contact, shared needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. It belongs to the Retroviridae family. All patients who are diagnosed with HIV should be initiated on ART as soon as possible.
HIV can also lead to complications like dementia and chronic diarrhea with weight loss (HIV wasting syndrome).
Exceptions to this include patients presenting with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) or central nervous system tuberculosis (tuberculous meningitis (TBM) or tuberculoma).
| 3 | | R485.00 |  |
| | HIV and Aids Part 1 | HIV and Aids Part 1
Overview
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus transmitted through sexual contact, shared needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. It belongs to the Retroviridae family. Symptoms vary depending on the stage of infection and these include: - Acute stage, which resembles the flu, with fever, malaise, and a generalized rash;
- Asymptomatic stage which generally, has no symptoms.
- Lymphadenopathy, which presents with swelling of lymph nodes, which can be a primary symptom.
- AIDs, which is the advanced stage marked by severe infections or cancers.
HIV can also lead to complications like dementia and chronic diarrhea with weight loss (HIV wasting syndrome).
Sharespike Knowledge Studio | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Ebola Virus Infection | Ebola Virus Infection
Overview
Ebola virus is one of at least 30 known viruses capable of causing viral hemorrhagic fever syndrome. The genus Ebolavirus currently is classified into 5 separate species: Sudan ebolavirus, Zaire ebolavirus, Tai Forest (Ivory Coast) ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, and Bundibugyo ebolavirus. The outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa from 2014 to 2016, involving Zaire ebolavirus, was the largest outbreak of Ebola virus disease in history.
As of September 17, 2019, an active outbreak of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) had resulted in 3,034 confirmed and 111 probable cases of Ebola virus disease, including 2,103 attributable deaths. An experimental vaccine has been credited with limiting the outbreak’s scope.
| 3 | | R500.00 | |
| | Inherited Thrombophilia and Risk of Thrombosis in Children with Cancer: A Single-center Experience | Inherited Thrombophilia and Risk of Thrombosis in Children with Cancer: A Single-center Experience
Inherited Thrombophilia and Risk of Thrombosis in Children with Cancer: A Single-center Experience
Overview Thrombosis is an increasingly recognized complication of childhood malignancy and its treatment. The incidence and etiology of pediatric cancer-related thrombosis is still not well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of common prothrombotic genetic conditions in children with cancer, the frequency of thrombosis, and the role of inherited thrombophilia in the development of thrombosis in a pediatric oncology population.
Forty-seven children (36 treated for haematological malignancies and 11 for solid tumours) with a median age of 8.8. years (range 0.4 – 19.3 years) were included in the study. Genetic polymorphisms of Factor V Leiden (G1691A), prothrombin G20210A, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction-based DNA analysis.
It was concluded that thrombosis is an important complication of childhood cancer. The risk of thrombosis may be increased in patients with Factor V Leiden. In the absence of consensus guidelines, our results support the recommendation for thrombophilia screening in children with cancer.
Journal
Acta Medica Academica | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Enterobacter Infection | Enterobacter Infection
Overview
Enterobacter infections can include bacteremia, lower respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs), endocarditis, intra-abdominal infections, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, CNS infections, and ophthalmic infections. Enterobacter infections can necessitate prolonged hospitalization, multiple and varied imaging studies and laboratory tests, various surgical and nonsurgical procedures, and powerful and expensive antimicrobial agents. Enterobacter infections do not have a clinical presentation that is specific enough to differentiate them from other acute bacterial infections. Bacteremia Signs of Enterobacter bacteremia include various symptoms and cause lower respiratory tract infections can manifest identically to those caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae or other organisms Enterobacter infections do not have a clinical presentation that is specific enough to differentiate them from other acute. This course addresses the symptoms and the causes.
Sharespike Knowledge Studio | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Blood-brain barrier pathology in patients with severe mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of biomarkers in case-control studies | Blood-brain barrier pathology in patients with severe mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of biomarkers in case-control studies
Blood-brain barrier pathology in patients with severe mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of biomarkers in case-control studies
Overview Blood-brain barrier (BBB) pathology may be associated with mental disorders. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to identify, evaluate and summarize available evidence on whether potential biomarkers of BBB pathology are altered in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, major depression and bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls. The findings implicate occurrence of BBB pathology in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, major depression and bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls. However, definite conclusions cannot be drawn, mainly because the investigated biomarkers are indirect measures of BBB pathology.
Authors Jesper Futtrup, Rebecca Margolinsky, Michael Eriksen Benros, Torben Moos, Lisa Juul Routhe, Jørgen Rungby, Jesper Krogh
Journal Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health | 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children and adolescents in the UK: a prospective national cohort study | Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children and adolescents in the UK: a prospective national cohort study
Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children and adolescents in the UK: a prospective national cohort study
Overview The spectrum of neurological and psychiatric complications associated with paediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection is poorly understood. This study aimed to analyse the range and prevalence of these complications in hospitalised children and adolescents. A national cohort study was conducted in the UK using an online network of secure rapid-response notification portals established by the CoroNerve study group. Patients were excluded if they did not have a neurological consultation or neurological investigations or both or did not meet the definition for confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (a positive PCR or respiratory or spinal fluid samples, serology for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, or both). Individuals were classified as having either a primary neurological disorder associated with COVID-19 (COVID-19 neurology group) or PIMS-TS with neurological features (PIMS-TS neurology group). The denominator of all hospitalised children and adolescents with COVID-19 was collated from National Health Service England data. This study identified key differences between those with a primary neurological disorder versus those with PIMS-TS. Compared with patients with a primary neurological disorder, more patients with PIMS-TS needed intensive care, but outcomes were similar overall.
Authors Stephen T J Ray et al
Journal The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Phlebotomists Part 2 | Medical Laboratory Phlebotomists Part 2
Medical Laboratory Phlebotomists Part 2
Overview Phlebotomy is the act of drawing or removing blood from the circulatory system through a cut (incision) or puncture to obtain a sample for analysis and diagnosis. Phlebotomy is also done as part of the patient's treatment for certain blood disorders. Phlebotomy that is part of treatment (therapeutic phlebotomy) is performed to treat polycythemia vera, a condition that causes an elevated red blood cell volume (haematocrit). Phlebotomy is also prescribed for patients with disorders that increase the amount of iron in their blood to dangerous levels, such as hemochromatosis, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Patients with pulmonary edema may undergo phlebotomy procedures to decrease their total blood volume. This course, Part 2 discusses Urinalysis, Body Fluids, Clinical Immunology, Professional Authority, Society Authorisation, Code of Ethics, Special Culture, Professional Organisations and Professionalism are discussed.
Sharespike
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Phlebotomists Part 1 | Medical Laboratory Phlebotomists Part 1
Medical Laboratory Phlebotomists Part 1
Overview
Phlebotomy is the act of drawing or removing blood from the circulatory system through a cut (incision) or puncture to obtain a sample for analysis and diagnosis. Phlebotomy is also done as part of the patient's treatment for certain blood disorders. Phlebotomy is also used to remove blood from the body during blood donation and for analysis of the substances contained within it. Phlebotomy is performed by a nurse or a technician known as a phlebotomist. Blood is usually taken from a vein on the back of the hand or just below the elbow. Some blood tests, however, may require blood from an artery. Properly performed, phlebotomy does not carry the risk of mortality. It may cause temporary pain and bleeding, but these are usually easily managed. Phlebotomy is a necessary medical procedure and is required for a wide variety of other procedures. This course discusses such procedures in more detail and also Urinalysis and Microbiology as a matter of interest. In part 2 of this course Urinalysis, Body Fluids, Clinical Immunology, Professional Authority, Society Authorisation, Code of Ethics, Special Culture, Professional Organisations and Professionalism are discussed.
Authors Sharespike | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Science Professional Part 2 | Medical Laboratory Science Professional Part 2
Medical Laboratory Science Professional Part 2
Overview
Medical laboratory science professionals, often called medical laboratorians, are vital healthcare detectives, uncovering and providing laboratory information from laboratory analyses that assist physicians in patient diagnosis and treatment, as well as in disease monitoring or prevention (maintenance of health). We use sophisticated biomedical instrumentation and technology, computers, and methods requiring manual dexterity to perform laboratory testing on blood and body fluids. Laboratory testing encompasses such disciplines as clinical chemistry, haematology, immunology, immunohematology, microbiology, and molecular biology. Medical laboratory science professionals generate accurate laboratory data that are needed to aid in detecting cancer, heart attacks, diabetes, infectious mononucleosis, and identification of bacteria or viruses that cause infections, as well as in detecting drugs of abuse. In addition, we monitor testing quality and consult with other members of the healthcare team. Medical laboratory scientists have a more extensive theoretical knowledge base. Therefore, they not only perform laboratory procedures including very sophisticated analyses, but also evaluate/interpret the results, integrate data, problem solve, consult, conduct research, and develop new test methods. Part two of this course discusses Urinalysis, Body Fluids, Clinical Immunology, Professional Authority, Society Authorisation, Code of Ethics, Special Culture, Professional Organisations and Professionalism.
Authors Sharespike | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Science Professional Part 1 | Medical Laboratory Science Professional Part 1
Medical Laboratory Science Professional Part 1
Overview
Medical laboratory science professionals, often called medical laboratorians, are vital healthcare detectives, uncovering and providing laboratory information from laboratory analyses that assist physicians in patient diagnosis and treatment, as well as in disease monitoring or prevention (maintenance of health). We use sophisticated biomedical instrumentation and technology, computers, and methods requiring manual dexterity to perform laboratory testing on blood and body fluids. Laboratory testing encompasses such disciplines as clinical chemistry, haematology, immunology, immunohematology, microbiology, and molecular biology. Medical laboratory science professionals generate accurate laboratory data that are needed to aid in detecting cancer, heart attacks, diabetes, infectious mononucleosis, and identification of bacteria or viruses that cause infections, as well as in detecting drugs of abuse. In addition, we monitor testing quality and consult with other members of the healthcare team. Medical laboratory scientists have a more extensive theoretical knowledge base. Therefore, they not only perform laboratory procedures including very sophisticated analyses, but also evaluate/interpret the results, integrate data, problem solve, consult, conduct research, and develop new test methods. The practice of clinical laboratory science is a profession, regardless of whether it is well-known, or understood by non-healthcare professionals. In part 2 of this course, we discuss Urinalysis, Body Fluids, Clinical Immunology, Professional Authority, Society Authorisation, Code of Ethics, Special Culture, Professional Organisations and Professionalism.
Authors Sharespike
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Assistant Part 2 | Medical Laboratory Assistant Part 2
Medical Laboratory Assistant Part 2
Overview
Medical lab assistants are responsible for collecting and receiving blood, tissue, and other samples from patients, logging, prepping, performing routine tests, and setting up, cleaning, and sterilizing the lab and its equipment.
While medical laboratory assistants typically work directly in the lab, there are also many other skills and traits that they need to have, other than those that are taught in the diploma program. Medical laboratory assistants receive samples from six main areas of the hospital laboratory: chemistry, blood banking, haematology, coagulation, urinalysis, and microbiology.
The day-to-day duties and responsibilities of a medical lab assistant will vary depending on the type and size of the laboratory and organisation. While medical laboratory assistants typically work directly in the lab, there are also many other skills and traits that they need to have, other than those that are taught in the diploma program.
Part 2 of this course covers urinalysis and body fluids in depth.
Authors
Sharespike
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Assistant Part 1 | Medical Laboratory Assistant Part 1
Medical Laboratory Assistant Part 1
Overview
Medical lab assistants are responsible for collecting and receiving blood, tissue, and other samples from patients, logging, prepping, performing routine tests, and setting up, cleaning, and sterilizing the lab and its equipment.
While medical laboratory assistants typically work directly in the lab, there are also many other skills and traits that they need to have, other than those that are taught in the diploma program. Medical laboratory assistants receive samples from six main areas of the hospital laboratory: chemistry, blood banking, haematology, coagulation, urinalysis and microbiology.
The day-to-day duties and responsibilities of a medical lab assistant will vary depending on the type and size of the laboratory and organisation. While medical laboratory assistants typically work directly in the lab, there are also many other skills and traits that they need to have, other than those that are taught in the diploma program.
Part 1 of this course covers the main aspects being, chemistry, blood banking, urinalysis, haematology and coagulation and microbiology.
Authors
Sharespike
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Technician Part 2 | Medical Laboratory Technician Part 2
Medical Laboratory Technician Part 2
Overview Medical technicians assist with medical diagnoses by performing tests for physicians and hospitals in a laboratory setting. They may test blood, bodily fluids and tissue samples for the presence of bacteria, viruses or diseases and provide the results to doctors. They also may specialize in working in a hospital department where they assist physicians and patients in surgery or other medical procedures. Medical technicians often work under the supervision and guidance of a medical technologist. Within each hospital or doctor’s office, training will involve the facility’s specific practices and guidelines for meeting safety and health regulations. A medical technician may receive additional on-the-job training to specialize in certain processes and procedures. As the medical field continuously changes, medical technicians should maintain current knowledge of best practices. They can read medical journals or blogs, complete online courses or attend webinars to continue learning about their field. Part 2 gives a broad outline of the duties and different tests performed by Laboratory Technicians.
Author Sharespike | 3 | | R395.00 | |
| | Medical Laboratory Technician: Part 1 | Medical Laboratory Technician: Part 1
Medical Laboratory Technician: Part 1
Overview
Medical technicians assist with medical diagnoses by performing tests for physicians and hospitals in a laboratory setting. They may test blood, bodily fluids and tissue samples for the presence of bacteria, viruses or diseases and provide the results to doctors. They also may specialize in working in a hospital department where they assist physicians and patients in surgery or other medical procedures.
Medical technicians often work under the supervision and guidance of a medical technologist. Within each hospital or doctor’s office, training will involve the facility’s specific practices and guidelines for meeting safety and health regulations. A medical technician may receive additional on-the-job training to specialize in certain processes and procedures.
As the medical field continuously changes, medical technicians should maintain current knowledge of best practices. They can read medical journals or blogs, complete online courses or attend webinars to continue learning about their field.
This course (Part 1) gives a broad outline of the duties and different tests performed by Laboratory Technicians.
Author Sharespike | 3 | | R395.00 | |
| | COVID-2019 -A comprehensive pathology insight | COVID-2019 -A comprehensive pathology insight
COVID-2019 -A comprehensive pathology insight
Overview Corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS CoV- 2), a highly contagious single stranded RNA virus genetically related to SARS CoV. The lungs are the main organs affected leading to pneumonia and respiratory failure in severe cases that may need mechanical ventilation. Occasionally patient may present with gastro-intestinal, cardiac and neurologic symptoms with or without lung involvement. Pathologically, the lungs show either mild congestion and alveolar exudation or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with hyaline membrane or histopathology of acute fibrinous organizing pneumonia (AFOP) that parallels disease severity. Other organs like liver and kidneys may be involved secondarily.
Currently the treatment is principally symptomatic and prevention by proper use of personal protective equipment and other measures is crucial to limit the spread. During the pandemic there is paucity of literature on pathological features including pathogenesis, hence in this review we provide the current pathology centred understanding of COVID-19. Furthermore, the pathogenetic pathway is pivotal in the development of therapeutic targets.
Authors Chandrakumar Shanmugam, Abdul Rafi Mohammed, Swarupa Ravuri, Vishwas Luthra, Narasimhamurthy Rajagopal, Saritha Karre
Journal Pathology - Research and Practice 216 (2020) 153222
| 3 | | R440.00 | |
| | Viral Pneumonia Part 3 | Viral Pneumonia Part 3
Overview The reported incidence of viral pneumonia (see the image below) has increased during the past decade. In part, this apparent increase simply reflects improved diagnostic techniques, but an actual increase appears to have also occurred. Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease. This course is divided into 3 parts covering the aspects of Pneumonia leading into the much dreaded COVID 19 The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. Primary influenza pneumonia manifests with persistent symptoms of cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and malaise for more than three to five days. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults.
Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. PIV pneumonia and bronchiolitis are caused primarily by the PIV-3 strain. The signs and symptoms include fever, cough, coryza, dyspnea with rales, and wheezing.
Acknowledgements Authors:
Zab Mosenifar and Richard Brawerman | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Viral Pneumonia Part 2 | Viral Pneumonia Part 2
Overview The reported incidence of viral pneumonia (see the image below) has increased during the past decade. In part, this apparent increase simply reflects improved diagnostic techniques, but an actual increase appears to have also occurred. Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease. This course is divided into 3 parts covering the aspects of Pneumonia leading into the much dreaded COVID 19. The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. Primary influenza pneumonia manifests with persistent symptoms of cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and malaise for more than three to five days. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults.
Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. PIV pneumonia and bronchiolitis are caused primarily by the PIV-3 strain. The signs and symptoms include fever, cough, coryza, dyspnea with rales, and wheezing.
Acknowledgements Authors:
Zab Mosenifar and Richard BrawermanThe University of Pretoria | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Viral Pneumonia Part 1 | Viral Pneumonia Part 1
Overview The reported incidence of viral pneumonia (see the image below) has increased during the past decade. In part, this apparent increase simply reflects improved diagnostic techniques, but an actual increase appears to have also occurred. Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease.
This course is divided into 3 parts covering the aspects of Pneumonia leading into the much dreaded COVID 19. The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. Primary influenza pneumonia manifests with persistent symptoms of cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and malaise for more than three to five days. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults.
Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. PIV pneumonia and bronchiolitis are caused primarily by the PIV-3 strain. The signs and symptoms include fever, cough, coryza, dyspnea with rales, and wheezing.
Acknowledgements
Authors:
Zab Mosenifar and Richard Brawerman | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Diabetes Mellitus Part 3 | Diabetes Mellitus Part 3
Overview Type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, and excessive or inappropriate glucagon secretion. Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes is associated with an array of microvascular, macrovascular, and neuropathic complications.
Microvascular complications of diabetes include retinal, renal, and possibly neuropathic disease. Macrovascular complications include coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease. Diabetic neuropathy affects autonomic and peripheral nerves.
This course focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes and its acute and chronic complications, other than those directly associated with hypoglycemia and severe metabolic disturbances, such as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Acknowledgements Author:
Khardori
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Diabetes Mellitus Part 2 | Diabetes Mellitus Part 2
Overview Type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, and excessive or inappropriate glucagon secretion. Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes is associated with an array of microvascular, macrovascular, and neuropathic complications.
Microvascular complications of diabetes include retinal, renal, and possibly neuropathic disease. Macrovascular complications include coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease. Diabetic neuropathy affects autonomic and peripheral nerves.
This course focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes and its acute and chronic complications, other than those directly associated with hypoglycemia and severe metabolic disturbances, such as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Acknowledgements Author:
Khardori | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Diabetes Mellitus Part 1 | Diabetes Mellitus Part 1
Overview Type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, and excessive or inappropriate glucagon secretion. Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes is associated with an array of microvascular, macrovascular, and neuropathic complications.
Microvascular complications of diabetes include retinal, renal, and possibly neuropathic disease. Macrovascular complications include coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease. Diabetic neuropathy affects autonomic and peripheral nerves.
This course focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes and its acute and chronic complications, other than those directly associated with hypoglycemia and severe metabolic disturbances, such as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Acknowledgements Author:
Khardori | 3 | | R420.00 | |