| | A 20-Year Review of Biomechanical Experimental Studies on Spine Implants used for Percutaneous Surgical Repair of Vertebral Compression Fractures | A 20-Year Review of Biomechanical Experimental Studies on Spine Implants used for Percutaneous Surgical Repair of Vertebral Compression Fractures
A 20-Year Review of Biomechanical Experimental Studies on Spine Implants used for Percutaneous Surgical Repair of Vertebral Compression Fractures
A vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is an injury to a vertebra of the spine affecting the cortical walls and/or middle cancellous section. The most common risk factor for a VCF is osteoporosis, thus predisposing the elderly and postmenopausal women to this injury.
This article reviews over 20 years of scientific literature that has experimentally evaluated the biomechanics of percutaneous VCF repair methods. Specifically, this article describes the basic operating principles of the repair methods, the study protocols used to experimentally assess their biomechanical performance, and the actual biomechanical data measured, as well as giving several recommendations for future research directions.
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| | Motion of lumbar endplate in degenerative lumbar scoliosis with different cobb angle in vivo: Reflecting the biomechanics of the lumbar disc | Motion of lumbar endplate in degenerative lumbar scoliosis with different cobb angle in vivo: Reflecting the biomechanics of the lumbar disc
Motion of lumbar endplate in degenerative lumbar scoliosis with different cobb angle in vivo: Reflecting the biomechanics of the lumbar disc
Degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) was defined as a coronal Cobb angle greater than 10°. DLS is a de novo scoliosis with no previous history and is mainly related to age with an incidence of up to 60%. DLS can cause severe symptoms, such as low back pain, radiculopathy, and neurogenic claudication. The pathogenesis of DLS is both complex and controversial. Intervertebral disc degeneration (DD) has also been implicated in the development of DLS.
This study explored the ROM of the lumbar vertebral endplate in vivo to reflect disc deformation using a dual fluoroscopic imaging system. It was reported that the repeatability of the method in reproducing in vivo human spine 6 degree of freedom. Intervertebral DD is believed to have a detrimental effect on the ROM of the spinal segments in degenerative scoliosis.
The study also aimed to investigate the relationship between DD and the ROM of the lumbar vertebral endplates in patients with DLS. We hypothesized that the ROM of the lumbar endplate would be different in DLS patients with different Cobb angles. DD can increase the ROM of the lumbar vertebral endplate in patients with DLS. | 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Nerve and Arterial Supply Pattern of the Popliteus Muscle and Clinical Implications | Nerve and Arterial Supply Pattern of the Popliteus Muscle and Clinical Implications
Nerve and Arterial Supply Pattern of the Popliteus Muscle and Clinical Implications
The popliteus muscle (PM) is a small muscle that acts as a major posterolateral stabilizer of the knee joint, rotating the tibia medially under the femur under non-weightbearing conditions. As the PM acts as an important factor in the movement and injury of the knee joint, anatomical studies have been conducted with a focus on the femoral attachment of the muscle.
Muscular spasticity is common in upper motor neuron syndrome. Injection treatment is applied as PM spasticity has been confirmed in many patients with in-toeing. One of the treatment methods, botulinum toxin, is known to have a long-lasting effect when injected into a site where the neuromuscular junction is dense. It is also effective when injected near the motor entry point where the nerve enters the muscle belly. Thus, a suitable injection site is thought to be the tibial region because the muscle belly is the upper portion on the tibial area on the posterior aspect. In this study, we speculated about the injection site of the PM based on the above reasoning. An alternative method is the accurate palpation of the PM, which is necessary for posture correction therapy.
The aim of this study was to investigate the nerve and artery supply and the tibial attachment of the popliteus muscle using anatomical methods.
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | The Relationship Between Additional Heads of the Quadriceps Femoris, the Vasti Muscles, and the Patellar Ligament | The Relationship Between Additional Heads of the Quadriceps Femoris, the Vasti Muscles, and the Patellar Ligament
The Relationship Between Additional Heads of the Quadriceps Femoris, the Vasti Muscles, and the Patellar Ligament
Overview
The quadriceps femoris consists of four muscles: the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis. However, the effect of additional quadriceps femoris heads on the vasti muscles and patellar ligaments is unknown. The quadriceps femoris muscle (QF) is important in locomotion; the rectus femoris (RF) swings the leg forward when a step is taken. During walking or running, quadriceps muscles such as the vastus medialis (VM) stabilize the patella and knee joint. The QF is important in sport owing to its potential for injury, which can be painful and debilitating.
The aims of the present study are to determine the relationship between additional quadriceps femoris heads and the vasti muscles and patellar ligaments and to review the morphology of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius.
Journal
Hindawi BioMed Research International
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Five-Minute Cognitive Test as A New Quick Screning of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly | Five-Minute Cognitive Test as A New Quick Screning of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly
Five-Minute Cognitive Test as A New Quick Screning of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly
Overview
As old population is dramatically growing, the detection of early cognitive deficit will become increasingly crucial. Effective cognitive screening test with quick and convenient merits will ensure recognition of early cognitive deficit and timely intervention. This study aims to develop a new evaluation method for quickly and conveniently screening cognitive impairment in the elderly.
The five-minute cognitive test (FCT) was designed to capture deficits in five domains of cognitive abilities, including episodic memory, language fluency, time orientation, visuospatial function, and executive function. Subsequently, FCT efficiencies in differentiating normally cognitive ability from cognitive impairment were explored and compared with that of the Mini-Mental Status Evaluation (MMSE). Equipercentile equating method was utilized to create a crosswalk between scores of the FCT and MMSE. Further, the association of scores of the FCT and MMSE with hippocampal volumes was investigated.
Many screening tools are currently available, but no tools meet the four important requirements for widespread use in clinical practice or large-scale epidemiological studies — that is, capture a clinically acceptable range of cognitive domains, take short time to administrate (around 5 minutes), have high accuracy for detecting cognitive impairment, and incorporate visual recall, which is the earliest deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. The FCT is a novel, reliable, and valid cognitive screening test for the detection of dementia at early stages.
Journal
JKL International LLC Aging and Disease Volume 10, Number 6 URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6844584/pdf/ad-10-6-1258.pdf | 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Amygdala pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral Sclerosis | Amygdala pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral Sclerosis
Amygdala pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral Sclerosis
Overview Temporal lobe studies in motor neuron disease overwhelmingly focus on white matter alterations and cortical grey matter atrophy. Reports on amygdala involvement are conflicting and the amygdala is typically evaluated as single structure despite consisting of several functionally and cytologically distinct nuclei. A prospective, single-centre, neuroimaging study was undertaken to comprehensively characterise amygdala pathology in 100 genetically stratified ALS patients, 33 patients with PLS and 117 healthy controls. Our findings highlight that the amygdala is affected in ALS and our study demonstrates the selective involvement of specific nuclei as opposed to global atrophy. The genotype-specific patterns of amygdala involvement identified by this study are consistent with the growing literature of extra-motor clinical features. Mesial temporal lobe pathology in ALS is not limited to hippocampal pathology but, as a key hub of the limbic system, the amygdala is also affected in ALS.
Authors Rangariroyashe H. Chipikaa, Foteini Christidia, Eoin Finegan, Stacey Li Hi Shing, Mary Clare McKenna, Kai Ming Chang, Efstratios Karavasilis, Mark A. Doherty, Jennifer C. Hengeveld, Alice Vajda, Niall Pender, Siobhan Hutchinson, Colette Donaghy, Russell L. McLaughlin, Orla Hardiman, Peter Bede
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children and adolescents in the UK: a prospective national cohort study | Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children and adolescents in the UK: a prospective national cohort study
Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children and adolescents in the UK: a prospective national cohort study
Overview The spectrum of neurological and psychiatric complications associated with paediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection is poorly understood. This study aimed to analyse the range and prevalence of these complications in hospitalised children and adolescents. A national cohort study was conducted in the UK using an online network of secure rapid-response notification portals established by the CoroNerve study group. Patients were excluded if they did not have a neurological consultation or neurological investigations or both or did not meet the definition for confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (a positive PCR or respiratory or spinal fluid samples, serology for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, or both). Individuals were classified as having either a primary neurological disorder associated with COVID-19 (COVID-19 neurology group) or PIMS-TS with neurological features (PIMS-TS neurology group). The denominator of all hospitalised children and adolescents with COVID-19 was collated from National Health Service England data. This study identified key differences between those with a primary neurological disorder versus those with PIMS-TS. Compared with patients with a primary neurological disorder, more patients with PIMS-TS needed intensive care, but outcomes were similar overall.
Authors Stephen T J Ray et al
Journal The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | HIV and Aids | HIV and Aids
Overview
HIV disease is caused by infection with HIV-1 or HIV-2, which are retroviruses in the Retroviridae family, Lentivirus genus. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug paraphernalia, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), which can occur during the birth process or during breastfeeding. The patient with HIV may present with signs and symptoms of any of the stages of HIV infection. No physical findings are specific to HIV infection; the physical findings are those of the presenting infection or illness. Examples of manifestations include acute seroconversion manifests as a flulike illness, consisting of fever, malaise, generalized rash, generalized lymphadenopathy is common and may be a presenting symptom. This course covers the screening, diagnosis, medication and management of Aids.
Author: Sharespike | 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Pain Management through Neurocognitive Therapeutic Exercises in Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain | Pain Management through Neurocognitive Therapeutic Exercises in Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Pain Management through Neurocognitive Therapeutic Exercises in Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Overview The hypermobile type of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) is likely the most common hereditary disorder of connective tissue mainly characterized by joint hypermobility. Patients with hEDS suffer joint pain, in particular low back pain, commonly resistant to drug therapy. The aim of this research was to evaluate a neurocognitive rehabilitation approach based not only on the motion and function recovery but also on the pain management. In this nonrandomized clinical trial, eighteen hEDS patients (4 males and 14 females) with mean age 21 years (range 13-55) were recruited and evaluated before and after three months of rehabilitation treatment. The clinical results observed in this study seem to confirm the role of a specific neurocognitive rehabilitation program in the chronic pain management in the Ehlers–Danlos syndrome; the rehabilitation treatment should be tailored on patient problems and focused not only in the recovery of movement but also on pain perception.
Authors Claudia Celletti, Teresa Paolucci , Loredana Maggi, Giordana Volpi, Mariangela Billi, Roberta Mollica,and Filippo Camerota
Journal Hindawi BioMed Research International | 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Ischemic Stroke Part 2 | Ischemic Stroke Part 2
Overview
Ischemic stroke is characterized by the sudden loss of blood circulation to an area of the brain, resulting in a corresponding loss of neurologic function. Acute ischemic stroke is caused by thrombotic or embolic occlusion of a cerebral artery and is more common than haemorrhagic stroke.
We should consider stroke in any patient presenting with acute neurologic deficit or any alteration in level of consciousness. Although symptoms can occur alone, they are more likely to occur in combination. No historical feature distinguishes ischemic from haemorrhagic stroke, although nausea, vomiting, headache, and sudden change in level of consciousness are more common in haemorrhagic strokes. In younger patients, a history of recent trauma, coagulopathies, illicit drug use (especially cocaine), migraines, or use of oral contraceptives should be elicited.
Emergent brain imaging is essential for evaluation of acute ischemic stroke. Noncontrast computed tomography (CT) scanning is the most commonly used form of neuroimaging in the acute evaluation of patients with apparent acute stroke.
Involvement of a physician with a special interest and training in stroke is ideal. Stroke care units with specially trained nursing and allied healthcare personnel have clearly been shown to improve outcomes.
Author Sharespike
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| | Ischemic Stroke Part 1 | Ischemic Stroke Part 1
Overview
Ischemic stroke is characterized by the sudden loss of blood circulation to an area of the brain, resulting in a corresponding loss of neurologic function. Acute ischemic stroke is caused by thrombotic or embolic occlusion of a cerebral artery and is more common than haemorrhagic stroke.
We should consider stroke in any patient presenting with acute neurologic deficit or any alteration in level of consciousness. Although symptoms can occur alone, they are more likely to occur in combination. No historical feature distinguishes ischemic from haemorrhagic stroke, although nausea, vomiting, headache, and sudden change in level of consciousness are more common in haemorrhagic strokes. In younger patients, a history of recent trauma, coagulopathies, illicit drug use (especially cocaine), migraines, or use of oral contraceptives should be elicited.
Emergent brain imaging is essential for evaluation of acute ischemic stroke. Noncontrast computed tomography (CT) scanning is the most commonly used form of neuroimaging in the acute evaluation of patients with apparent acute stroke.
Involvement of a physician with a special interest and training in stroke is ideal. Stroke care units with specially trained nursing and allied healthcare personnel have clearly been shown to improve outcomes.
Author Sharespike
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | The Effects of a Recollection-Based Occupational Therapy Program of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial | The Effects of a Recollection-Based Occupational Therapy Program of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The Effects of a Recollection-Based Occupational Therapy Program of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Overview:
Considering the high socio-economic costs related to the increasing number of dementia patients and their poor quality of life and that of their families, it is important to identify the condition early on and provide an appropriate intervention. This study organized a recollection-based occupational therapy program: a nonpharmacological intervention consisting of five categories of activities (physical, horticultural, musical, art, and instrumental activity of daily living; IADL) and applied it to those having a mild stage of Alzheimer’s disease. The experimental group participated in a total of 24 sessions––five times per week for one hour per session––while the control group took part in regular activities offered by the existing facilities. The experimental group presented improved cognitive functions, reduced depression, and enhanced quality of life; the two groups showed a statistically significant difference in every category. This study is meaningful in that it made a cognitive stimulation program concerning five different categories, implemented it for people suffering mild dementia, and confirmed positive outcomes. If a systemic version of the program is offered in dementia care facilities, it is expected to make a considerable contribution to the care of dementia patients.
Acknowledgements:
Authors: DeokJu Kim
Journal: Occupational Therapy International | 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Preretinal hemorrhage following chiropractor neck manipulation | Preretinal hemorrhage following chiropractor neck manipulation
Preretinal hemorrhage following chiropractor neck manipulation
Overview The purpose of this study is to report a case of a new complication following complementary and alternative medicine chiropractor neck manipulation with multiple preretinal haemorrhages. A 59-year-old Caucasian female presented with the acute, painless constant appearance of 3 spots in her vision immediately after a chiropractor performed cervical spinal manipulation using the high-velocity, low-amplitude technique. Examination multiple unilateral preretinal haemorrhages with no retinal tears. The preretinal haemorrhages were self-limited and resolved by 2 months later. In conclusion, the Chiropractor neck manipulation has previously been reported leading to complications related to the carotid artery and arterial plaques. This presents the ?rst case of multiple unilateral preretinal haemorrhages immediately following chiropractic neck manipulation. This suggests that chiropractor spinal adjustment cannot only a?ect the carotid artery, but also could lead to preretinal haemorrhages.
Acknowledgement Authors Yannis M. Paulusa and Nicholas Belillb Journal American Journal of Ophthalmology
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Locked-In Syndrome Following Cervical Manipulation by a Chiropractor: A Case Report | Locked-In Syndrome Following Cervical Manipulation by a Chiropractor: A Case Report
Locked-In Syndrome Following Cervical Manipulation by a Chiropractor: A Case Report
Overview Vertebrobasilar occlusion poses difficult diagnostic issues and even when properly diagnosed has a poor prognosis. Newer studies highlight a better outcome when thrombectomy was carried out between six and twenty-four hours after an initial diagnosis of stroke. This paper reports a case where a patient suffered a vertebrobasilar stroke secondary to a traumatic bilateral vertebral arteries dissection was treated with late thrombectomy. A 34-year-old woman was manipulated on the cervical spinal column by a chiropractor. Following three weeks of cervical pain, she presented with severe aphasia and quadriplegia (NIHSS = 28). An MRI scan indicated ischemia of the vertebrobasilar system. Thirty-one hours after the onset of these symptoms, a thrombectomy was performed. After one month, the patient could move her head and the proximal part of her limbs but remained confined to bed (NIHSS = 13). In conclusion, the current case illustrates the benefit of late mechanical thrombectomy for a posterior cerebral circulation infarct. Although there was a delay in treatment, partial recovery ensued. Acknowledgments
Authors Guillaume Giordano Orsini, Giorgios-Emmanouil Metaxas, Vincent Legros Journal
The Journal of Critical Care
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| | Convulsions and Seizures | Convulsions and Seizures
Overview Emergency services attend patients who are having a seizure on almost a daily basis. Consequently, they should understand the disease processes related to seizures and be confident in their prehospital management. In general, with the exception of a patient in Status Epilepticus, seizure management should be relatively straight forward. So, what is a seizure and what causes it? Basically, a seizure is any unusually excessive neuronal firing from the brain which manifests as changes in a patient’s motor/sensory control, sensory perception, behaviour and autonomic function.
At a chemical level a seizure occurs when there is a sudden biochemical imbalance between the excitatory neurotransmitters and inhibitory neurotransmitters. The primary excitatory neurotransmitter found in the human central nervous system is called N-Methyl D Aspartate (NMDA); whereas the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter is called gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). When there is an imbalance between these chemical mediators repeated firing and excitations of the neuronal cells occur.
Depending on the area of the brain in which this occurs, the seizure will manifest as a focal seizure, sensory change, behaviour disturbance, or complete tonic and clonic muscular activity. This course addresses important aspects relating to convulsions and seizures
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| | Predisposing factors and radiological features in patients with internal carotid artery dissection or vertebral artery dissection | Predisposing factors and radiological features in patients with internal carotid artery dissection or vertebral artery dissection
Predisposing factors and radiological features in patients with internal carotid artery dissection or vertebral artery dissection
Overview
Cranio-cervical artery dissection (CAD) refers to a tear in the artery lining, resulting in an intramural hematoma toward the intima or the adventitia of the internal carotid artery or vertebral artery. CAD is an important cause of ischemic stroke in young and middle-aged individuals. However, very few studies have compared the differential features between internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) and vertebral artery dissection (VAD), including both cervical and intracranial artery dissections. CAD can affect the cranial or cervical portion of the internal carotid artery or vertebral artery. The predisposing factors, clinical presentation, radiological imaging, and outcome may differ between ICAD and VAD.
We conducted a study to investigate the predisposing factors and radiological features in patients with ICAD or VAD. It was found that the distribution of cervical and intracranial artery dissections was different between ICAD and VAD. The frequencies of radiological features such as double lumen, intimal flap, and dissecting aneurysms also differed in patients with ICAD and VAD.
Authors Yongjun Wu, Hongbin Chen, Shihui Xing, Shuangquan Tan, Xinran Chen, Yan Tan, Jinsheng Zeng and Jian Zhang
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Improvement of activity-related knee joint discomfort following supplementation of specific collagen peptides. | Improvement of activity-related knee joint discomfort following supplementation of specific collagen peptides.
Improvement of activity-related knee joint discomfort following supplementation of specific collagen peptides.
Overview The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of specific collagen peptides in reducing pain in athletes with functional knee problems during sport. The primary outcome of the study was in change in pain intensity during activity, which was evaluated by the participants and the attending physicians using a visual analogue scale. As secondary endpoints, pain intensity under resting conditions, the range of motion of the knee joint, and the use of additional therapeutic options were assessed. Due to the high joint mobility at baseline, no significant changes of this parameter could be detected. The use of additional treatment options was significantly reduced after BCP intake. The study demonstrated that the supplementation of specific collagen peptides in young adults with functional knee problems led to a statistically significant improvement of activity related joint pain.
Authors: Denise Zdzieblik, Steffen Oesser, Albert Gollhofer and Daniel König
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | The Effect of Hearing Aid Use on Cognition in Older Adults: Can We Delay Decline or Even Improve Cognitive Function? | The Effect of Hearing Aid Use on Cognition in Older Adults: Can We Delay Decline or Even Improve Cognitive Function?
The Effect of Hearing Aid Use on Cognition in Older Adults: Can We Delay Decline or Even Improve Cognitive Function?
Overview: Hearing loss is a modifiable risk factor for dementia in older adults. Whether hearing aid use can delay the onset of cognitive decline is unknown. Participants in this study (aged 62–82 years) were assessed before and 18 months after hearing aid fitting on hearing, cognitive function, speech perception, quality of life, physical activity, loneliness, isolation, mood, and medical health.
At baseline, multiple linear regression showed hearing loss and age predicted significantly poorer executive function performance, while tertiary education predicted significantly higher executive function and visual learning performance. At 18 months after hearing aid fitting, speech perception in quiet, self-reported listening disability and quality of life had significantly improved. Group mean scores across the cognitive test battery showed no significant decline, and executive function significantly improved.
Authors: Julia Sarant, David Harris, Peter Busby, Paul Maru, Adrian Schembri, Ulrike Lemke and Stefan Launer
Article: J. Clin. Med. 2020
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Achilles Tendinopathy | Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Achilles Tendinopathy
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Achilles Tendinopathy
Overview
Achilles tendinopathy is confirmed by a clinical symptom triad of pain, swelling, and limited function. Achilles tendon injuries are classified by the anatomical area into non-insertional and insertional. The major symptom of non-insertional tendinopathy is pain located 2 to 6 cm proximal to the insertion of the tendon into the calcaneus. Patients suffering from insertional pathology usually present with lesions in the distal portion of the structure, i.e., posterosuperior calcaneal protuberance. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is among the conservative treatments for Achilles tendinopathy. Unfortunately, no optimal application parameters have been determined that would ensure ESWT effectiveness in this condition. +e aim of the paper is to use research reports on ESWT in patients with Achilles tendinopathy to help practising physiotherapists establish the most effective intervention parameters. The two modalities of shock wave therapy used for Achilles tendinopathy are focused shock waves and radial shock waves. The literature contains reports presenting mainly beneficial effects of ESWT in patients with Achilles tendinopathy.
Authors Magdalena Stania, Grzegorz Juras, Daria Chmielewska, Anna Polak, Cezary Kucio, and Piotr Król
Journal BioMed Research International / 2019 / Article | 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Brain Connectivity Changes after Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: A Randomized Manual - Placebo Controlled Trial | Brain Connectivity Changes after Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: A Randomized Manual - Placebo Controlled Trial
Brain Connectivity Changes after Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: A Randomized Manual - Placebo Controlled Trial
Overview
The effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) on functional brain connectivity in healthy adults is missing in the literature. The main advantage for patients is the effective relief of acute and chronic pain. Indeed, OMT was proved effective on conditions and disorders beyond the sensory and motor system, including the reduction of hospitalization length in a large population of preterm infants, effects in anxiety and fatigue in people with Multiple Sclerosis and on autonomic and neuroendocrine responses. The neurophysiological effects underlying clinical improvements are still under debate. Although models explaining the therapeutic effects of OMT include potential brain mechanisms, few studies have been carried out to investigate brain mechanism changes after OMT. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research includes several different approaches to estimate cortical functions. Several of these approaches have demonstrated functional brain changes associated with OMT. Using Arterial Spin Labeling MRI, we recently demonstrated that the treatment of somatic dysfunctions induces cerebral perfusion changes in asymptomatic young participants. This research provides the first preliminary evidence of brain network connectivity changes due to OMT, opening further insights into potential effects of OMT on brain functional activity. Moreover, it suggests future investigations in this unexplored field, particularly on symptomatic subjects.
Authors Marco Tramontano, Francesco Cerritelli, Federica Piras, Barbara Spanò, Federica Tamburella, Fabrizio Piras, Carlo Caltagirone, and Tommaso Gili Journal Brain Sci. 2020 Dec; 10(12): 969. | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 | Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Overview
The world’s population is ageing and the number of people living with non-communicable diseases and the consequences of injuries is increasing.The current demographic and health shifts are contributing to a rapid increase in the number of people experiencing disability or declines in functioning for substantially larger periods of their lives. These trends should urge health policy planners to prioritise rehabilitation services for several reasons.
Rehabilitation has often been a disability-specific service needed by only few of the population. Despite its individual and societal benefits, rehabilitation has not been prioritised in countries and is under-resourced. We present global, regional, and country data for the number of people who would benefit from rehabilitation at least once during their disabling illness or injury.
To the authors knowledge, this is the first study to produce a global estimate of the need for rehabilitation services and to show that at least one in every three people in the world needs rehabilitation at some point in the course of their illness or injury. This number counters the common view of rehabilitation as a service required by only few people. They argue that rehabilitation needs to be brought close to communities as an integral part of primary health care to reach more people in need.
Authors Alarcos Cieza, Kate Causey, Kaloyan Kamenov, Sarah Wulf Hanson, Somnath Chatterji, Theo Vos
Journal The Lancet Journal
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Prevalence of Muscular Skeletal Disorders among Qualified Dental Assistants | Prevalence of Muscular Skeletal Disorders among Qualified Dental Assistants
Prevalence of Muscular Skeletal Disorders among Qualified Dental Assistants
Overview: The occupation of dental assistants (DAs) involves many health risks of the musculoskeletal system due to static and prolonged work, which can lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of MSDs in DAs in Germany. For this purpose, an online questionnaire analyzed 406 (401 female participants and 5 male participants, 401w/5m) DAs. It was based on the Nordic Questionnaire (lifetime, 12-month, and seven-day MSDs’ prevalence separated into neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist, upper back, lower back, hip, knee, and ankle), and occupational and sociodemographic questions as well as questions about specific medical conditions. 98.5% of the participants reported complaints of at least one body region in their lives, 97.5% reported at least one complaint in the last 12 months and 86.9% armed at least one complaint in the last seven days. For lifetime, 12-month and seven-day prevalence, the neck was the region that was most affected followed by the shoulder, the upper back and the lower back.
The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among Dental Assistants was extremely high. The most affected area is the neck, followed by the shoulder, the lower back, and the upper back. It, therefore, seems necessary to devote more attention to ergonomics at the working practice of Dental Assistants as well in education and in dental work.
Authors: Daniela Ohlendorf, Yvonne Haas, Antonia Naser, Jasmin Haenel, Laura Maltry, Fabian Holzgreve, Christina Erbe, Werner Betz, Eileen M. Wanke, Dörthe Brüggmann, Albert Nienhaus and David A. Groneberg
Journal: Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3490;
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Tuberculosis Part 1 | Tuberculosis Part 1
Overview Tuberculosis (TB) (see the image below), a multisystemic disease with myriad presentations and manifestations, is the most common cause of infectious disease–related mortality worldwide. Although TB rates are decreasing in the United States, the disease is becoming more common in many parts of the world. In addition, the prevalence of drug-resistant TB is increasing worldwide. Classic clinical features associated with active pulmonary TB in elderly individuals with TB may not display typical signs and symptoms. The absence of any significant physical findings does not exclude active TB. Classic symptoms are often absent in high-risk patients, particularly those who are immunocompromised or elderly. It is important to isolate patients with possible TB in a private room with negative pressure.
Acknowledgements Authors: Thomas E Herchline and Judith K Amorosa | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Seizures | Clinical Practice Guidelines: Seizures
Clinical Practice Guidelines: Seizures
Overview
Paediatric and adult seizures are managed in essentially the same way, with the focus on identification, injury prevention, rapid termination and prevention of ongoing seizures; ongoing attention must be paid to reversal of the cause of the seizure. Important differences in children relate to febrile seizures (covered in section 3: Fever & Sepsis) and easily correctable causes such as hypoglycaemia. Acknowledgement
Journal: Clinical Practice Guidelines (July 2018) Publisher: Health Professions Council of South Africa | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Acute Management of Stroke | Acute Management of Stroke
Acute Management of Stroke
Overview:
The goal for the acute management of patients with stroke is to stabilize the patient and to complete initial evaluation and assessment, including imaging and laboratory studies, within 60 minutes of patient arrival. Critical decisions focus on the need for intubation, blood pressure control, and determination of risk/benefit for thrombolytic intervention.
In patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), failure to recognize the potential for near- term stroke, failure to perform a timely assessment for stroke risk factors, and failure to initiate primary and secondary stroke prevention exposes the patient to undue risk of stroke and exposes clinicians to potential litigation. TIAs confer a 10% risk of stroke within 30 days, and one half of the strokes occurring after a TIA, occurred within 48 hours.
Newer stroke trials have explored the benefit of using neuroimaging to select patients who are most likely to benefit from thrombolytic therapy and the potential benefits of extending the window for thrombolytic therapy beyond the guideline of 3 hours with t-PA and newer agents. CT angiography may demonstrate the location of vascular occlusion. CT perfusion studies can produce perfusion images and together with CT angiography are becoming more available and utilized in the acute evaluation of stroke patients. Advanced neuroimaging with diffusion and perfusion imaging may then serve an important role in identifying potentially salvageable tissue at risk and guiding clinical decision-making regarding therapy.
Acknowledgements:
Authors:
Edward C Jauch | 3 | | R440.00 | |
| | Inference comprehension in text reading: Performance of individuals with right- versus left-hemisphere lesions and the influence of cognitive functions | Inference comprehension in text reading: Performance of individuals with right- versus left-hemisphere lesions and the influence of cognitive functions
Inference comprehension in text reading: Performance of individuals with right- versus left-hemisphere lesions and the influence of cognitive functions
Overview
Right-hemisphere lesions (RHL) may impair inference comprehension. However, comparative studies between left-hemisphere lesions (LHL) and RHL are rare, especially regarding reading comprehension. Moreover, further knowledge of the influence of cognition on inferential processing in this task is needed. The LHL and RHL groups presented difficulties in inferential comprehension in comparison with the CG. However, the RHL group presented lower scores than the LHL group on logical, pragmatic and other questions. A covariance analysis did not show any effect of lesion site within the hemispheres.
Attention and visuospatial abilities affected the scores of both the RHL and LHL groups, and only memory influenced the performance of the RHL group. Lesions in either hemisphere may cause difficulties in making inferences during reading. However, processing more complex inferences was more difficult for patients with RHL than for those with LHL, which suggests that the right hemisphere plays an important role in tasks with higher comprehension demands. Cognition influences inferential processing during reading in brain-injured subjects.
Acknowledgement
Authors Marcela Lima Silagi, Marcia Radanovic, Adriana Bastos Conforto, Lucia Iracema Zanotto Mendonca and Leticia Lessa Mansur
Journal PLoS ONE | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Functional Communication Profiles in Children with Cerebral Palsy in Relation to Gross Motor Function and Manual and Intellectual Ability | Functional Communication Profiles in Children with Cerebral Palsy in Relation to Gross Motor Function and Manual and Intellectual Ability
Functional Communication Profiles in Children with Cerebral Palsy in Relation to Gross Motor Function and Manual and Intellectual Ability
Overview
The aim of the present study was to investigate communication function using classification systems and its association with other functional profiles, including gross motor function, manual ability, intellectual functioning, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that manual ability and intellectual functioning were significantly related with VSS and CFCS function, whereas only intellectual functioning was significantly related with SLPG functioning in children with CP.
Communication function in children with a peri-ventricular white matter lesion (PVWL) varied widely. In the cases with a PVWL, poor functioning was more common on the SLPG, compared to the VSS and CFCS. Compared to the children with bilateral spastic CP, the children with dyskinetic CP had more severe gross motor impairment, although there were no statistical differences in communication function between groups. Very strong relationships were noted among three communication classification systems that are closely related with intellectual ability. Compared to gross motor function, manual ability seemed more closely related with communication function in these children.
Acknowledgement
Authors Ja Young Choi, Jieun Park, Yoon Seong Choi, Yu-ra Goh and Eun Sook Park
Journal Yonsei Medical Journal
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Pediatric Minor Head Injury 2.0: Moving from Injury Exclusion to Risk Stratification - Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America | Pediatric Minor Head Injury 2.0: Moving from Injury Exclusion to Risk Stratification - Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
Pediatric Minor Head Injury 2.0: Moving from Injury Exclusion to Risk Stratification - Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
Overview
ED and primary care provider visits for pediatric minor BHT continue to increase. Considerable variability exists in clinician evaluation and management of this generally low- risk population. CDRs should be used to assist providers in identification of very low-risk individuals, eliminating the need for cranial CT scans. The use of periods of observation before imaging can also decrease scanning rates. Outcome data from past retrospective studies as well as prospective data accumulated during the derivation and validation of the PECARN head injury decision rules for children less than 2 years and 2 to 18 years of age can be used to further risk stratify children with minor BHT who are at intermediate or high risk for ciTBI into more discrete categories.
Incorporation of decision aids into practice can be useful for increasing caregiver knowledge and accuracy of risk perception and improve provider identification of patient or caregiver preferences. This can help to facilitate shared decision-making regarding imaging or observation. For children in whom imaging is performed and is normal or shows only isolated linear skull fractures, the rates of deterioration and neurosurgical intervention are rare and, therefore, hospital admission can likely be avoided.
Acknowledgement
Author James (Jim) L. Homme, MD
Journal Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Use of steroid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis | Use of steroid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Use of steroid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Overview
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune, and systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, which mainly affects joints and is characterized by symmetrical synovial inflammation, resulting in destruction of joint cartilage, significant pain, and severe disability. This study will evaluate the effectiveness and the safety of steroid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Randomized clinical trials eligible for our systematic review will enrol adults with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-inflammatory drugs compared with a control group (placebo or active control) at any dose, duration, and route of administration and double blind studies.
Dichotomous data will be summarized as risk ratios; continuous data will be given as standard average differences with 95% confidence intervals. The evidence derived by this study will increase awareness of the effectiveness and safety of steroid and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The results could guide patients and healthcare practitioners and help facilitate evidence-based shared care decision making.
Acknowledgement Author Mariana Del Grossi Moura, Luciane Cruz Lopes, Marcus Tolentino Silva, Sílvio Barberato-Filho, Rogério Heládio Lopes Motta and Cristiane de Cássia Bergamaschi,
Journal Medicine Baltimore 2018
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Incidental Statin Use and the Risk of Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack after Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer | Incidental Statin Use and the Risk of Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack after Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Incidental Statin Use and the Risk of Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack after Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Overview
Interventions to reduce the risk for cerebrovascular events (CVE; stroke and transient ischemic attack [TIA]) after radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNCA) are needed. We aimed to test whether incidental statin use at the time of RT is associated with a lower rate of CVEs after RT for HNCA.
From an institutional database we identified all consecutive subjects treated with neck RT from 2002 to 2012 for HNCA. Data collection and event adjudication was performed by blinded teams. The primary outcome was a composite of ischemic stroke and TIA. The secondary outcome was ischemic stroke. The association between statin use and events was determined using Cox proportional hazard models after adjustment for traditional and RT-specific risk factors.
Incidental statin use at the time of RT for HNCA is associated with a lower risk of stroke or TIA.
Acknowledgement
Authors
Daniel Addison, Patrick R. Lawler, Hamed Emami, Sumbal A. Janjua, Pedro V. Staziaki, Travis R. Hallett, Orla Hennessy, Hang Lee, Bálint Szilveszter, Michael Lu, Negar Mousavi, Matthew G. Nayor, Francesca N. Delling, Javier M. Romero, Lori J. Wirth, Annie W. Chan, Udo Hoffmann, Tomas G. Neilan
Journal Journal of Stroke Publisher Cross Mark | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Simultaneous Detection of Key Bacterial Pathogens Related to Pneumonia and Meningitis Using Multiplex PCR Coupled With Mass Spectrometry | Simultaneous Detection of Key Bacterial Pathogens Related to Pneumonia and Meningitis Using Multiplex PCR Coupled With Mass Spectrometry
Simultaneous Detection of Key Bacterial Pathogens Related to Pneumonia and Meningitis Using Multiplex PCR Coupled With Mass Spectrometry
Overview
Pneumonia and meningitis continue to present an enormous public health burden and pose a major threat to young children. Among the causative organisms of pneumonia and meningitis, bacteria are the most common causes of serious disease and deaths. It is challenging to accurately and rapidly identify these agents.
Using the BP-MS method, we could accurately identify the expected bacteria without cross-reactivity with other pathogens. For the 11 target bacterial pathogens, the analytical sensitivity of the BP-MS method was as low as 10 copies/reaction. To further evaluate the clinical effectiveness of this method, 204 nasopharyngeal swabs from hospitalized children with suspected pneumonia were tested using this method.
We used real-time PCR and nested PCR to confirm positive results, with identical results obtained for 81.4% (136/167) of the samples. The BP-MS method is a sensitive and specific molecular detection technique in a multiplex format and with high sample throughput. Therefore, it will be a powerful tool for pathogen screening and antibiotic selection at an early stage of disease.
Acknowledgements
Authors Chi Zhang, Leshan Xiu, Yan Xiao, Zhengde Xie, Lili Ren and Junping Peng
Journal Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology Volume 8
Publisher Cross Mark
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Motor and Psychosocial Impact of Robot-assisted Gait Training in A Real-world Rehabilitation Setting: A pilot study | Motor and Psychosocial Impact of Robot-assisted Gait Training in A Real-world Rehabilitation Setting: A pilot study
Motor and Psychosocial Impact of Robot-assisted Gait Training in A Real-world Rehabilitation Setting: A pilot study
Overview
In the last decade robotic devices have been applied in rehabilitation to overcome walking disability in neurologic diseases with promising results. Robot assisted gait training (RAGT) using the Lokomat seems not only to improve gait parameters but also the perception of well-being. Data on the psychosocial patient-robot impact are limited, in particular in the real-world of RAGT, in the rehabilitation setting.
The primary aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the psychosocial impact of the Lokomat in an in-patient rehabilitation setting using the PIADS; secondary aims were to assess whether the psycho-social impact of RAGT is different between pathological subgroups and if the Lokomat influenced functional variables. Thirty-nine consecutive patients were assessed with the FIM before and after rehabilitation with Lokomat, and the PIADS was administered after the rehabilitative period with Lokomat. This pilot study indicates that Lokomat, in a real-world in-patient setting, may have a generalised approval, independent of disease, underlining the importance of the psycho-social framework for patients training with assistive robotic-devices.
Acknowledgement
Authors: Cira Fundarò, Anna Giardini, Roberto Maestri, Silvia Traversoni, Michelangelo Bartolo and Roberto Casale
Journal PLoS ONE
Publisher Cross Mark
| 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | Early Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Under 3 Years of Age: Recommendations for Practice and Research. | Early Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Under 3 Years of Age: Recommendations for Practice and Research.
Early Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Under 3 Years of Age: Recommendations for Practice and Research.
Overview
This article reviews current evidence for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) interventions for children aged <3 years, based on peer-reviewed articles published up to December 2013. Several groups have adapted treatments initially designed for older, preschool-aged children with ASD, integrating best practice in behavioural teaching methods into a developmental framework based on current scientific understanding of how infants and toddlers learn. The central role of parents has been emphasized and facilitating the generalization of skills beyond the familiar home setting. Our review identified several comprehensive and targeted treatment models with evidence of clear benefits. Although some trials were limited to 8- to 12-week outcome data, enhanced outcomes associated with some interventions were evaluated over periods as long as 2 years. Based on this review, recommendations are proposed for clinical practice and future research.
Acknowledgement:
Authors: Zwaigenbaum L, Bauman ML, Choueiri R, Kasari C, Carter A, Granpeesheh D, Mailloux Z, Smith Roley S, Wagner S, Fein D, Pierce K, Buie T, Davis PA, Newschaffer C, Robins D, Wetherby A, Stone WL, Yirmiya N, Estes A, Hansen RL, McPartland JC, Natowicz MR
Journal: Pediatrics. Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Cross-tissue integration of genetic and epigenetic data | Cross-tissue integration of genetic and epigenetic data
Cross-tissue integration of genetic and epigenetic data
Cross-tissue integration of genetic and epigenetic data
Overview
Integration of emerging epigenetic information with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) genetic results may elucidate functional insights not possible via either type of information in isolation. Here we use the genotype and DNA methylation (DNAm) data from cord blood and peripheral blood to identify SNPs associated with DNA methylation (meQTL lists). Additionally, we use publicly available fetal brain and lung meQTL lists to assess enrichment of ASD GWAS results for tissue-specific meQTLs. ASD-associated SNPs are enriched for fetal brain and peripheral blood meQTLs .
This study integrating ASD GWAS results and meQTL maps provides insights about ASD etiology using data within and across tissue types. The CpG targets of ASD meQTLs across cord, blood, and brain tissues are enriched for immunerelated pathways, consistent with other expression and DNAm results in ASD, and reveal pathways not implicated by genetic findings. This joint analysis of genotype and DNAm demonstrates the potential of both brain and blood based DNAm for insights into ASD and psychiatric phenotypes more broadly.
Acknowledgement
Author Shan V. Andrews, Shannon E. Ellis, Kelly M. Bakulski , Brooke Sheppard, Lisa A. Croen , Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Craig J. Newschaffer, Andrew P. Feinberg, Dan E. Arking, Christine Ladd-Acosta & M. Daniele Fallin.
Journal Nature Communications URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5654961/pdf/41467_2017_Article_868.pdf
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Assessing malpractice lawsuits for death or injuries due to amniotic fluid embolism | Assessing malpractice lawsuits for death or injuries due to amniotic fluid embolism
Assessing malpractice lawsuits for death or injuries due to amniotic fluid embolism
Assessing malpractice lawsuits for death or injuries due to amniotic fluid embolism
Overview
Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a pregnancy complication known to be extremely hard to diagnose, since it manifests itself abruptly and with no warning signs, presenting an incidence rate of about 1 in 40000 deliveries, and maternal morbidity and mortality ranging from 20% to 60%. Despite medical research having been conducted on such a syndrome, diagnostic procedures and treatment methods have not yet been clarified enough.
Specific biochemical markers have been produced in research laboratories, but their clinical value results to be limited, given how rapid the pathological process moves forward. At the time being, no diagnosis is feasible which may effectively prevent the disease from occurring. Certainly, a multi-disciplinary approach might contribute to saving the lives of mother and infant, as well as ensuring better life standards.
It becomes essential to further scientific knowledge of the causes of maternal death. In such a way, it will be possible to improve the quality standards of care and avert many pregnancy-related deaths. It is well-known how age of the mother also plays a role in determining the likelihood of developing AFE.
Acknowledgements
Authors S. Zaami , E. Marinelli and G. Montanari Vergallo
Journal Clin Ter 2017 Volume 168 Issue 3
| 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Postural Tremor and Ataxia Progression in Spino-cerebellar Ataxias | Postural Tremor and Ataxia Progression in Spino-cerebellar Ataxias
Postural Tremor and Ataxia Progression in Spino-cerebellar Ataxias
Postural Tremor and Ataxia Progression in Spino-cerebellar Ataxias
Overview
Postural tremor can sometimes occur in spino-cerebellar ataxias (SCAs). However, the prevalence and clinical characteristics of postural tremor in SCAs are poorly understood, and whether SCA patients with postural tremor have different ataxia progression is not known. Postural tremor could be a clinical feature of SCAs, and the presence of postural tremor could be associated with different rates of ataxia progression. Genetic interactions between ataxia genes might influence the brain circuitry and thus affect the clinical presentation of postural tremor.
In conclusion, our study indicates that postural tremor could be present in the four most common SCAs and that SCA patients with postural tremor might have a different rate of ataxia progression. Genetic interactions between ataxia genes might influence the brain circuitry involved and thus affect the clinical presentation of postural tremor.
Acknowledgement
Author
Shi-Rui Gan, Jie Wang, Karla P. Figuero, Stefan M. Pulst, Darya Tomishon, Danielle Lee, Susan Perlman, George Wilmot, Christopher M. Gomez, Jeremy Schmahmann, Henry Paaulson, Vikram G. Shakkottai, Sarah H. Ying, Theresa Zesiewicz, Khalaf Bushara, Michael D. Geschwind, Guangbin Xia, S. H. Subramony Tetsuo Ashizawa and Sheng-Han Kuo.
Journal Tremor Other Hyperkinet Movement (NY) URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5647398/pdf/tre-07-492-7522-1.pdf Disciplines: Neurology, Surgeons, Physicians
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial | Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial
Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial
Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial
Overview
There is mounting evidence that aerobic exercise has a positive effect on cognitive functions in older adults. The present study used magnetic resonance spectroscopy and quantitative MRI to systematically explore the effects of physical activity on human brain metabolism and grey matter (GM) volume in healthy aging. The main outcomes were the change in cerebral metabolism and its association to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels as well as changes in GM volume. We found that cerebral choline concentrations remained stable after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise in the intervention group, whereas they increased in the waiting control group.
No effect of training was seen on cerebral N-acetylaspartate concentrations, nor on markers of neuronal energy reserve or BDNF levels. Further, we observed no change in cortical GM volume in response to aerobic exercise. The finding of stable choline concentrations in the intervention group over the 3 month period might indicate a neuro-protective effect of aerobic exercise. Choline might constitute a valid marker for an effect of aerobic exercise on cerebral metabolism in healthy aging.
Acknowledgement
S Matura, J Fleckenstein, R Deichmann, T Engeroff, E Füzéki, E Hattingen, R Hellweg, B Lienerth, U Pilatus, S Schwarz, VA Tesky, L Vogt, W Banzer and J Pantel.
Journal Nature Translational Psychiatry (2017) 7, e1172
Publisher Unknown Creative Commons, Open Access doi:10.1038/tp.2017.135
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5538117/pdf/tp2017135a.pdf
| 3 | | R445.00 | |
| | Gabapentin, opioids, and the risk of opioid related death: A population-based nested case control study: | Gabapentin, opioids, and the risk of opioid related death: A population-based nested case control study:
Gabapentin, opioids, and the risk of opioid related death: A population-based nested case control study:
Gabapentin, opioids, and the risk of opioid related death: A population-based nested case control study:
Overview
Prescription opioid use is highly associated with risk of opioid-related death, with 1 of every 550 chronic opioid users dying within approximately 2.5 years of their first opioid prescription. Although gabapentin is widely perceived as safe, drug-induced respiratory depression has been described when gabapentin is used alone or in combination with other medications.
However, no published studies have examined whether concomitant gabapentin therapy is associated with an increased risk of accidental opioid related death in patients receiving opioids. The objective of this study was to investigate whether co-prescription of opioids and gabapentin is associated with an increased risk of accidental opioid-related mortality. We conducted a population-based nested case-control study among opioid users who were residents of Ontario, Canada.
In this study we found that among patients receiving prescription opioids, concomitant treatment with gabapentin was associated with a substantial increase in the risk of opioid-related death. Clinicians should consider carefully whether to continue prescribing this combination of products and, when the combination is deemed necessary, should closely monitor their patients and adjust opioid dose accordingly. Future research should investigate whether a similar interaction exists between pregabalin and opioids.
Acknowledgement
Author Tara Gomes, David N. Juurlink, Tony Antoniou, Muhammad M. Mamdani, J. Michael Paterson and Wim van den Brink.
Journal PLoS Medicine Volume 14 Issue 10
Publisher Cross Mark URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5626029/pdf/pmed.1002396.pdf
| 3 | | R470.00 | |
| | Enkephalins: Endogenous Analgesics with an Emerging Role in Stress Resilience | Enkephalins: Endogenous Analgesics with an Emerging Role in Stress Resilience
Enkephalins: Endogenous Analgesics with an Emerging Role in Stress Resilience
Enkephalins: Endogenous Analgesics with an Emerging Role in Stress Resilience
Overview
The Psychological stress is a state of mental or emotional strain or tension that results from adverse or demanding circumstances. Chronic stress is well known to induce anxiety disorders and major depression; it is also considered a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Stress resilience is a positive outcome that is associated with preserved cognition and healthy aging.
Resilience presents psychological and biological characteristics intrinsic to an individual conferring protection against the development of psychopathologies in the face of adversity. How can we promote or improve resilience to chronic stress? Numerous studies have proposed mechanisms that could trigger this desirable process.
The roles of enkephalin transmission in the control of pain, physiological functions, like respiration, and affective disorders have been studied for more than 30 years. However, their role in the resilience to chronic stress has received much less attention. This review presents the evidence for an emerging involvement of enkephalin signalling through its two associated opioid receptors, µ opioid peptide receptor and d opioid peptide receptor, in the natural adaptation to stressful lifestyles.
Acknowledgement
Authors Mathilde S. Henry, Louis Gendron, Marie-Eve Tremblay and Guy Drolet.
Journal Hindawi Neural Plasticity
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Alcohol intoxication at Swedish football matches: A study to assess blood alcohol concentration levels among spectators | Alcohol intoxication at Swedish football matches: A study to assess blood alcohol concentration levels among spectators
Alcohol intoxication at Swedish football matches: A study to assess blood alcohol concentration levels among spectators
Alcohol intoxication at Swedish football matches: A study to assess blood alcohol concentration levels among spectators
Overview
Alcohol use and alcohol-related problems, including accidents, vandalism and violence, at sporting events are of increased concern in Sweden and other countries. The relationship between alcohol use and violence has been established and can be explained by the level of intoxication. Given the occurrence of alcohol use and alcohol-related problems at sporting events, research has assessed intoxication levels measured through biological sampling among spectators.
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the level of alcohol intoxication among spectators at football matches in the Swedish Premier Football League. Spectators were randomly selected and invited to participate in the study.
Factors that predicted a higher Blood Alcohol Concentration level included male gender, lower age , attending a local derby, alcohol use prior to having entered the arena , attending a weekend match, and being a spectator at supporter sections. About half of all spectators at football matches in the Swedish Premier Football League drink alcohol in conjunction with the match. Approximately one-tenth have a high level of alcohol intoxication.
Acknowledgement
Author Natalie Durbeej, Tobias H. Elgan, Camilla Jalling and Johanna Gripenberg
Journal
PLoS ONE Research article funded by the Public Health Agency of Sweden
Publisher Cross Mark https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5695776/pdf/pone.0188284.pdf
| 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Mitochondrial DNA depletion by ethidium bromide decreases neuronal mitochondrial creatine kinase. | Mitochondrial DNA depletion by ethidium bromide decreases neuronal mitochondrial creatine kinase.
Mitochondrial DNA depletion by ethidium bromide decreases neuronal mitochondrial creatine kinase.
Mitochondrial DNA depletion by ethidium bromide decreases neuronal mitochondrial creatine kinase.
Overview
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the discrete genome which encodes subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, is present at highly variable copy numbers across cell types. Though severe mtDNA depletion dramatically reduces mitochondrial function, the impact of tissue-specific mtDNA reduction remains debated. Previously, our lab identified reduced mtDNA quantity in the putamen of Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients who had developed L-DOPA Induced Dyskinesia (LID), compared to PD patients who had not developed LID and healthy subjects.
Here, we present the consequences of mtDNA depletion by ethidium bromide (EtBr) treatment on the bioenergetic function of primary cultured neurons, astrocytes and neuron-enriched cocultures from rat striatum. EtBr also increases glycolytic activity in astrocytes, whereas in neurons it reduces the expression of mitochondrial creatine kinase mRNA and levels of phosphor-creatine. Further, we show that mitochondrial creatine kinase mRNA is similarly downregulated in dyskinetic PD patients, compared to both non-dyskinetic PD patients and healthy subjects.
Our data support a hypothesis that reduced striatal mtDNA contributes to energetic dysregulation in the dyskinetic striatum by destabilizing the energy buffering system of the phospho-creatine/creatine shuttle.
Acknowledgement
Author Emily Booth Warren, Aidan Edward Aicher, Joshua Patrick Fessel and Christine Konradi
Journal PLoS ONE
Publisher Cross Mark
| 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Pediatric multiple sclerosis: current perspectives on health behaviours | Pediatric multiple sclerosis: current perspectives on health behaviours
Pediatric multiple sclerosis: current perspectives on health behaviours
Pediatric multiple sclerosis: current perspectives on health behaviours
Overview
Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) accounts for -5% of all multiple sclerosis cases, and has a prevalence of -10,000 children in the USA. POMS is associated with a higher relapse rate, and results in irreversible disability on average 10 years earlier than adult-onset multiple sclerosis. Other manifestations of POMS include mental and physical fatigue, cognitive impairment, and depression. Health behaviours of physical activity, diet, and sleep may have potential benefits in POMS, and present a scoping review of the existing literature.
Physical activity participation was associated with reduced relapse rate, disease burden, and sleep/rest fatigue symptoms. Nutritional factors, particularly vitamin D intake, may be associated with relapse rate. Obesity has been associated with increased risk of developing POMS. POMS is associated with better sleep hygiene, and this may benefit fatigue and quality of life.
Participation in health behaviours, particularly physical activity, diet, and sleep, may have benefits for POMS. Nevertheless, there are currently no interventions targeting promotion of these behaviours and examining the benefits of managing the primary and secondary manifestations of POMS.
Acknowledgement
Author Elizabeth Morghen Sikes, Robert W Motl , Jayne M Ness
Journal Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics 2018:9 17–25
Publisher Dovepress
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: a protocol and risk mitigation guide | Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: a protocol and risk mitigation guide
Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: a protocol and risk mitigation guide
Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: a protocol and risk mitigation guide Overview
Non-invasive brain stimulation has been increasingly investigated, mainly in adults, with the aims of influencing motor recovery after stroke. However, a consensus on safety and optimal study design has not been established in pediatrics. The low incidence of reported major adverse events in adults with and without clinical conditions has expedited the exploration of NIBS in children with paralleled purposes to influence motor skill development after neurological injury. Considering developmental variability in children, with or without a neurologic diagnosis, adult dosing and protocols may not be appropriate.
Combining our experiences has allowed us to improve our own protocols, with the immediate goal of child safety and the overarching goal to establish a consensus that helps to define best NIBS practice and practice guidelines
The purpose of this paper is to present recommendations and tools for the prevention and mitigation of adverse events (AEs) during NIBS in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP). Consistent reporting of safety, feasibility, and tolerability will refine NIBS practice guidelines contributing to future clinical translations of NIBS.
Acknowledgement
Author Bernadette T. Gillick, Andrew M. Gordon, Tim Feyma , Linda E. Krach, Jason Carmel, Tonya L. Rich, Yannick Bleyenheuft and Kathleen Friel
Journal Frontiers in Pediatrics Volume 6 Article 56
Publisher Cross Mark https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5864860/pdf/fped-06-00056.pdf
| 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Dysfunction of NaV1.4, a skeletal muscle voltage-gated sodium channel, in sudden infant death syndrome (case-control study) | Dysfunction of NaV1.4, a skeletal muscle voltage-gated sodium channel, in sudden infant death syndrome (case-control study)
Dysfunction of NaV1.4, a skeletal muscle voltage-gated sodium channel, in sudden infant death syndrome (case-control study)
Dysfunction of NaV1.4, a skeletal muscle voltage-gated sodium channel, in sudden infant death syndrome (case-control study)
Overview
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of post-neonatal infant death in high-income countries. Central respiratory system dysfunction seems to contribute to these deaths.
Excitation that drives contraction of skeletal respiratory muscles is controlled by the sodium channel NaV1.4, which is encoded by the gene SCN4A. Variants in NaV1.4 that directly alter skeletal muscle excitability can cause myotonia, periodic paralysis, congenital myopathy, and myasthenic syndrome.
Rare SCN4A variants that directly alter NaV1.4 function occur in infants who had died from SIDS. These variants are predicted to significantly alter muscle membrane excitability and compromise respiratory and laryngeal function. These findings indicate that dysfunction of muscle sodium channels is a potentially modifiable risk factor in a subset of infant sudden deaths.
Acknowledgement
Author Dogan Roope Männikkö, Leonie Wong, David J Tester, Michael G Thor, Richa Sud, Dimitri M Kullmann, Mary G Sweeney, Costin Leu, Sanjay M Sisodiya, David R FitzPatrick, Margaret J Evans, Iona J M Jeffrey, Jacob Tfelt-Hansen, Marta C Cohen, Peter J Fleming, Amie Jaye, Michael A Simpson, Michael J Ackerman, Michael G Hanna, Elijah R Behr, Emma Matthews
Journal
Vol 391 April 14, 2018
Publisher
Cross Mark https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5899997/pdf/main.pdf
| 3 | | R470.00 | |
| | Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in a patient with Ulcerative Colitis Flare | Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in a patient with Ulcerative Colitis Flare
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in a patient with Ulcerative Colitis Flare
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in a patient with Ulcerative Colitis Flare
Overview
Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by a chronic inflammatory state and is therefore associated with abnormalities in coagulation and a hyper-coagulable state. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a rare complication of inflammatory bowel disease yet contributes significant morbidity and mortality to those affected. Early diagnosis is critical, as a delay in diagnosis portends a worse prognosis.
The study starts by discussing the case of a seventeen-year-old female who presented with ulcerative colitis flare and developed new-onset seizures, found to be caused by a large venous sinus thrombosis. Evidence-based medicine supports IBD to be an independent risk factor for venous sinus thrombosis, as numerous studies have demonstrated a correlation.
The mechanism for this is multi-factorial and incompletely understood. Most healthcare professionals are not aware of this correlation and may not know how to quickly and confidently identify venous sinus thrombosis on various imaging modalities. This paper seeks to highlight the relationship, as a delay in diagnosis of CVT portends a worse prognosis in these young, at-risk patients.
Acknowledgement Author L. M. Conners , R. Ahad, P. H. Janda, and Z. Mudasir
Journal Case Reports in Neurological Medicine
Publisher Hindawi | 3 | | R480.00 | |
| | Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease. | Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease.
Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease.
Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease.
Overview
This article describes how adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) perceive their ability to perform everyday tasks required for transition to adult health care and independent living. SCD negatively affects transition from pediatric to adult health care and independent living (Anie & Telfair, 2005).
The Adolescent Autonomy Checklist (AAC) was adapted to include skills associated with managing SCD (AAC-SCD) and was administered to adolescents during clinic visits. Participants indicated "can do already" or "needs practice" for 100 activities in 12 categories. Of 122 patients, the percentage of adolescents who needed practice was greatest in living arrangements (38.7%), money management (35.8%), vocational skills (29.6%), and health care skills (25.5%).
We found a significant effect of age and of cerebrovascular injury on the percentage of those who reported "needs practice" in multiple categories. We found no effect of gender and limited effect of haemoglobin phenotype on any skill category. Findings support the need for educational intervention to improve transition skills in adolescents with SCD.
Acknowledgement:
Author: Abel RA, Cho E, Chadwick-Mansker KR, D'Souza N, Housten AJ, King AA
Journal:
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy Volume 69 Issue 2
Publisher: AOTA Press
| 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Dose and Timing in Neurorehabilitation: Prescribing Motor Therapy After Stroke | Dose and Timing in Neurorehabilitation: Prescribing Motor Therapy After Stroke
Dose and Timing in Neurorehabilitation: Prescribing Motor Therapy After Stroke
Dose and Timing in Neuro-rehabilitation: Prescribing Motor Therapy After Stroke.
Overview
Prescribing the most appropriate dose of motor therapy for individual patients is a challenge because minimal data are available and a large number of factors are unknown. This review explores the concept of dose and reviews the most recent findings in the field of neuro-rehabilitation, with a focus on relearning motor skills after stroke.
Appropriate dosing involves the prescription of a specific amount of an active ingredient, at a specific frequency and duration. Dosing parameters, particularly amount, are not well defined or quantified in most studies. Compiling data across studies indicates a positive, moderate dose-response relationship, indicating that more movement practice results in better outcomes. This relationship is confounded by time after stroke.
These findings suggest that substantially more movement practice may be necessary to achieve better outcomes for people living with the disabling consequences of stroke. Preclinical investigations are needed to elucidate many of the unknowns and allow for a more biologically driven rehabilitation prescription process. Likewise, clinical investigations are needed to determine the dose-response relationships and examine the potential dose-timing interaction in humans.
Acknowledgement:
Author: Lang CE, Lohse KR, Birkenmeier RL
Journal: Current Opinion in Neurology.
Publisher: HHS Public Access
| 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | Is the Serum Oxytocin Level Altered by Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Complicated with Depression | Is the Serum Oxytocin Level Altered by Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Complicated with Depression
Is the Serum Oxytocin Level Altered by Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Complicated with Depression
Is the Serum Oxytocin Level Altered By Treatment In Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Complicated With Depression?
Overview
The objective of this study was to investigate the factors associated with depression, including serum oxytocin levels, disease activity, activities of daily living, and quality of life, and their effects on rheumatoid arthritis.
This study included 42 RA patients who received treatment with a biological agent. We measured the following variables before and after 6 months of treatment: baseline characteristics, including age, sex, disease duration, smoking, and body mass index; prednisolone and methotrexate dose; serum level of matrix metalloproteinase -3; erythrocyte sedimentation rate; and C-reactive protein level.
The HAM-D score significantly correlated with the SDAI, and the mental component summary score of SF-36. However, the serum OXT levels did not correlate with the HAM-D score. Regression analysis using the HAM-D score as the objective variable identified female sex, smoking, BMI, and all the three component scores of SF-36, but not serum OXT levels, as significant factors. The variables of female sex, smoking, BMI, and QOL correlated with depression complicated with RA. However, serum OXT levels did not correlate directly.
Acknowledgement Author Yusuke Miwa , Hidekazu Furuya, Ryo Yanai, Tsuyoshi Kasama, and Kenji Sanada
Journal European Journal of Rheumatology ( EJR) 2018; 5: 22-6
Publisher Medical Research and Education Association
| 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | Effectiveness and Adverse Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation. Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses. | Effectiveness and Adverse Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation. Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses.
Effectiveness and Adverse Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation. Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses.
Effectiveness and Adverse Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation. Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses. Overview
This umbrella review summarizes the evidence across meta-analyses regarding the effectiveness and adverse effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS). Methods Databases were searched up to March 2015 for meta-analyses of comparative trials in humans assessing the effectiveness or adverse effects of DBS. Data selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers.
Seven eligible systematic reviews were included assessing the use of DBS for epilepsy , obsessive-compulsive disorder , and Parkinson disease . The summary estimates were significant at p 0.05 in four meta-analyses (27%) with both fixed and random effects. One meta-analysis reported that DBS was more effective than sham in reducing the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale score in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients. The remaining three meta-analyses reported differences regarding mortality and depression in patients with Parkinson disease between DBS of the subthalamic nucleus and of the globus pallidus internus.
Although DBS has emerged as a viable surgical intervention to treat various disabling neurologic symptoms, existing studies fail to adequately support its use based on robust evidence without hints of bias. Acknowledgement
Authors Papageorgiou, Panagiotis N; Deschner, James; Papageorgiou, Spyridon N
Journal: Journal of Neurological Surgery
Publisher: University of Zurich Zurich Open Repository and Archive (www.zora.uzh.ch)
| 3 | | R440.00 | |
| | Head and Neck Reconstruction with Pedicled Flaps in the Free Flap Area | Head and Neck Reconstruction with Pedicled Flaps in the Free Flap Area
Head and Neck Reconstruction with Pedicled Flaps in the Free Flap Area
Head and Neck Reconstruction with Pedicled Flaps in the Free Flap Era.
Overview
Nowadays, the transposition of micro-vascular free flaps is the most popular method for management of head and neck defects. However, not all patients are suitable candidates for free flap reconstruction. In addition, not every defect requires a free flap transfer to achieve good functional results. The aim of this study was to assess whether pedicled flap reconstruction of head and neck defects is inferior to micro-vascular free flap reconstruction in terms of complications, functionality and prognosis.
A total of 93 patients, the majority with oral cancer, were included, of which 64 were pedicled flap reconstructions (69%). The results showed no significant differences in terms of functional outcome, flap necrosis and complications in each type of reconstruction.
Multivariate regression analysis of complicated flap healing showed that only co-morbidities remained an explaining factor. Survival analysis and proportional hazard regression analysis regarding cancer relapse or distant metastasis, showed no significant differences in prognosis of patients concerning both types of reconstruction. Pedicled flaps were not significantly inferior to free flaps for reconstruction of head and neck defects, considering functionality, complications and prognosis.
Acknowledgement
Author:
R. MAHIEU, G. COLLETTI, P. BONOMO, G. PARRINELLO, A. IAVARONE, G. DOLIVET, L. LIVI, A. DEGANELLO
Journal:
Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2016;36:459-468
Publisher:
Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Does trait anxiety influence effects of oxytocin on eye-blink startle reactivity? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. | Does trait anxiety influence effects of oxytocin on eye-blink startle reactivity? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.
Does trait anxiety influence effects of oxytocin on eye-blink startle reactivity? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study.
Overview
Previous research has demonstrated that the neuro-peptide oxytocin modulates social behaviors and reduces anxiety. However, effects of oxytocin on startle reactivity, a well-validated measure of defence system activation related to fear and anxiety, have been inconsistent.
Forty-four healthy male participants attended two experimental sessions. They received intranasal oxytocin (24 IU) in one session and placebo in the other. Startle probes were presented in combination with pictures of social and non-social content. Eye-blink startle magnitude was measured by electromyography over the musculus orbicularis oculi in response to 95 dB noise bursts. Participants were assigned to groups of high vs. low trait anxiety based on their scores on the trait form of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
A significant interaction effect of oxytocin with STAI confirmed that trait anxiety moderated the effect of oxytocin on startle reactivity. Post-hoc tests indicated that for participants with elevated trait anxiety, oxytocin increased startle magnitude, particularly when watching non-social pictures, while this was not the case for participants with low trait anxiety.
Acknowledgement
Author
Sonja Schumacher, Misari Oe , Frank H. Wilhelm , Michael Rufer , Markus Heinrichs, Steffi Weidt , Hanspeter Moergeli , Chantal Martin-Soelch
Journal
PLoS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190809
Research article
Publisher
Cross Mark
Url: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5754118/pdf/pone.0190809.pdf
| 3 | | R375.00 | |
| | The Psychology and Neuroscience of Curiosity. | The Psychology and Neuroscience of Curiosity.
The Psychology and Neuroscience of Curiosity.
Overview
Curiosity is a basic element of our cognition, but its biological function, mechanisms, and neural underpinning remain poorly understood. It is nonetheless a motivator for learning, influential in decision-making, and crucial for healthy development. One factor limiting our understanding of it is the lack of a widely agreed upon delineation of what is and is not curiosity. Another factor is the dearth of standardized laboratory tasks that manipulate curiosity in the lab.
Despite these barriers, recent years have seen a major growth of interest in both the neuroscience and psychology of curiosity. In this Perspective, we advocate for the importance of the field, provide a selective overview of its current state, and describe tasks that are used to study curiosity and information-seeking. We propose that, rather than worry about defining curiosity, it is more helpful to consider the motivations for information-seeking behavior and to study it in its ethological context.
Acknowledgement
Author:
Kidd C, Hayden BY
Journal:
Neuron
Publisher:
Department of Health and Human Services
http://www.cell.com/neuron/pdf/S0896-6273(15)00767-9.pdf
| 3 | | R440.00 | |
| | Effectiveness of Electro-stimulation as a Treatment for Bell’s Palsy: An Update Review. | Effectiveness of Electro-stimulation as a Treatment for Bell’s Palsy: An Update Review.
Effectiveness of Electro-stimulation as a Treatment for Bell’s Palsy: An Update Review.
Overview
Idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis or Bell’s palsy is the most frequent cause of facial paralysis. The treatment of this condition includes pharmacological and physiotherapeutic approaches, but it is important to start treatment within 72 hours of the appearance of symptoms. Studies have showed low or no positive results for the treatment of Bell’s palsy with electro-stimulation. This review was done to search for evidence that supports electro-stimulation as a treatment option.
An update (2000-2014) review of randomized and controlled clinical trials was done. Five studies met the inclusion criteria and they were examined and compared in this review. According to the searched literature there is insufficient evidence to support electrotherapy effectiveness when applied as a monotherapy, nor when combined with other procedures to treat Bell’s palsy.
Electro-stimulation is still used as treatment and since there are few controlled studies that show a minimal usefulness of ES for treating Bell’s palsy, more controlled studies with scientific strictness on this topic are needed.
Acknowledgement
AUTHORS:
Ramos-Jimenez Arnulfo
Jose Manuel Garcia-Rivera
Rosa Patricia Hernandez-Torres
Erik Holguin
Rafael Villalobos-Molina JOURNAL: Journal of Novel Physiotherapies PUBLISHERS: OMICS International URL: https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/effectiveness-of-electrostimulation-as-a-treatment-for-bells-palsy-an-updatereview-2165-7025-1000260.pdf | 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Sensitivity and specificity of CT scan in revealing skull fracture in medico-legal head injury victims. | Sensitivity and specificity of CT scan in revealing skull fracture in medico-legal head injury victims.
Sensitivity and specificity of CT scan in revealing skull fracture in medico-legal head injury victims.
Overview:
Aims: The study was conducted with the objective of knowing the sensitivity and specificity of ante-mortem CT scan findings indicating the presence or absence of skull fractures.
Methods: Findings were confirmed during post-mortem examination of the subjects who had died during management but who had not had any surgical intervention. A comparative study of ante-mortem CT scan and autopsy findings with respect to fracture in traumatic head injuries was undertaken on 60 deceased individuals brought in for medico-legal post-mortem examination over a period of two years.
Results: Considering the autopsy findings as the gold standard, we have concluded that 14.6 per cent of the fractures were missed on CT scan findings compared to fractures found during autopsy. The sensitivity of CT scan for skull fractures was found to be 85.4 per cent and specificity was 100 per cent. Kappa was 0.787, which shows good agreement with p<0.001, which was highly significant.
Conclusion: In developing countries, images are interpreted in the axial plane only on a CT scan of the head, which may be due to a lack of financial and human resources. For better delineation of fractures, the use of techniques like multi-detector CT with sagittal and coronal reformations should be considered in the routine interpretation of a CT scan of the head.
Acknowledgement
Author:
Chawla H, Yadav RK, Griwan MS, Malhotra R, Paliwal PK
Journal:
The Australasian medical journal.
Publisher:
The Australasian medical journal
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4531150/pdf/AMJ-08-235.pdf
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Medical Tourism. | Medical Tourism.
Overview
BACKGROUND: Medical tourism is a burgeoning industry in our region. It involves patients travelling outside of their home country for medical treatment.
OBJECTIVE:
This article provides an outline of the current research around medical tourism, especially its impact on Australians.
DISCUSSION:
Patients are increasingly seeking a variety of medical treatments abroad, particularly those involving cosmetic surgery and dental treatment, often in countries in South-East Asia. Adverse events may occur during medical treatment abroad, which raises medico-legal and insurance issues, as well as concerns regarding follow-up of patients. General practitioners need to be prepared to offer advice, including travel health advice, to patients seeking medical treatment abroad
Acknowledgement
Author:
Leggat P
Journal:
Australian family physician.
Publisher:
Focus Environmental
| 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | There are things that we know that we know, and there are things that we do not know we do not know: Confidence in decision-making. | There are things that we know that we know, and there are things that we do not know we do not know: Confidence in decision-making.
There are things that we know that we know, and there are things that we do not know we do not know: Confidence in decision-making.
Overview
Metacognition, the ability to think about our own thoughts, is a fundamental component of our mental life and is involved in memory, learning, planning and decision-making. Here we focus on one aspect of metacognition, namely confidence in perceptual decisions. We review the literature in psychophysics, neuropsychology and neuroscience. Although still a very new field, several recent studies suggest there are specific brain circuits devoted to monitoring and reporting confidence, whereas others suggest that confidence information is encoded within decision-making circuits. We provide suggestions, based on interdisciplinary research, to disentangle these disparate results.
Acknowledgement
Author:
Grimaldi P, Lau H, Basso MA
Journal:
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews.
Publisher:
Department of Health and Human Services.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4501881/pdf/nihms-692179.pdf
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Ability in daily activities after early supported discharge models of stroke rehabilitation. | Ability in daily activities after early supported discharge models of stroke rehabilitation.
Ability in daily activities after early supported discharge models of stroke rehabilitation.
Overview
One of the major causes of disability in the Western world is stroke. There is also an assumption that the burden of stroke will rise in the long run because the population of elderly people is increasing fast. More so, there are currently better survivals after stroke. Thus, there is need for more knowledge about how different rehabilitation models in the municipality influence stroke survivors’ ability in activities of daily living (ADL).
The objective of this study was therefore to compare three models of outpatient rehabilitation, namely; early supported discharge (ESD) in a day unit, ESD at home and traditional treatment in the municipality (control group), regarding change in ADL ability during the first three months after stroke. The method used for this research was a group comparison study that was designed within a randomized control trial.
Results from this research indicated that there were no significant group differences in pre–post changed ADL ability measured by the AMPS. It was also concluded that more research needs to be done to find the best rehabilitation model to improve the quality of stroke survivors’ motor and process skills.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Tina Taule, Liv Inger Strand, Jörg Assmus & Jan Sture Kouen
JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy
PUBLISHERS: Taylor & Francis Group
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2015.1042403 Overview
One of the major causes of disability in the Western world is stroke. There is also an assumption that the burden of stroke will rise in the long run because the population of elderly people is increasing fast. More so, there are currently better survivals after stroke. Thus, there is need for more knowledge about how different rehabilitation models in the municipality influence stroke survivors’ ability in activities of daily living (ADL).
The objective of this study was therefore to compare three models of outpatient rehabilitation, namely; early supported discharge (ESD) in a day unit, ESD at home and traditional treatment in the municipality (control group), regarding change in ADL ability during the first three months after stroke. The method used for this research was a group comparison study that was designed within a randomized control trial.
Results from this research indicated that there were no significant group differences in pre–post changed ADL ability measured by the AMPS. It was also concluded that more research needs to be done to find the best rehabilitation model to improve the quality of stroke survivors’ motor and process skills.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Tina Taule, Liv Inger Strand, Jörg Assmus & Jan Sture Kouen
JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy
PUBLISHERS: Taylor & Francis Group
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2015.1042403
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Body Psychotherapeutic Treatment for Anxiety Disorders. | Body Psychotherapeutic Treatment for Anxiety Disorders.
Body Psychotherapeutic Treatment for Anxiety Disorders.
Edited By: David Wilson
An introduction to the field of body psychotherapy, which aims to address anxiety by intervening at the bodily level rather than the traditional reliance on verbal talking cures. Modern attachment theory has accumulated a rich source of data based on decades of audio-visual recordings, documenting the genesis of our earliest non-verbal patterns of interpersonal relating. It is hoped that this introduction will pave the way for clinicians frustrated with the limits of the talking cure to undertake further exploration in both theory and techniques suggested by body psychotherapeutic traditions as an adjunct to their existing clinical repertoire. | 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Cardiovascular safety of methylphenidate among children and young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): nationwide self-controlled case series study. | Cardiovascular safety of methylphenidate among children and young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): nationwide self-controlled case series study.
Cardiovascular safety of methylphenidate among children and young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): nationwide self-controlled case series study.
OVERVIEW
There are evidences that drugs used in treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are efficacious in reducing symptoms of impulsivity and hyperactivity in children,1 but concerns have been expressed about possible adverse cardiovascular events with the first line treatment, methylphenidate.
Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether treatment with methylphenidate in children and young people with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was associated with cardiovascular events. The design for this study was a self-controlled case series analysis meanwhile the setting was the Nationwide Health Insurance database, from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2011, in South Korea. Participants of this study were 1224 patients aged =17 who had experienced an incident cardiovascular event and with at least one incident prescription for methylphenidate.
Major results of this study indicated that increased risk of arrhythmia was observed in all exposed time periods, that is, periods of treatment with methylphenidate - (incidence rate ratio 1.61, 95% confidence interval 1.48 to 1.74), and the risk was highest in the children who had congenital heart disease.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Ju-Young Shin, Elizabeth E Roughead, Byung-Joo Park, Nicole L Pratt
JOURNAL: Eighth International Congress on Peer Review and Scientific Publication
PUBLISHER: BMJ Group
URL: http://www.bmj.com | 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Client-Centered ADL Intervention after Stroke: Occupational Therapists Experiences. | Client-Centered ADL Intervention after Stroke: Occupational Therapists Experiences.
Client-Centered ADL Intervention after Stroke: Occupational Therapists Experiences.
Introduction:
After a major life-course disruption due to stroke the person’s life-world [1] may change and it may not be possible to perform activities of daily living (ADL) as before. In the Swedish National guidelines for stroke care, [2] interventions enabling ADL are recommended in the early phases of the rehabilitation after stroke. In a client-centered ADL intervention, the clients’ perceived needs and desires [3] should be guiding the aim of the intervention and should furthermore enable the person with stroke to have activities with purpose and meaning. [4] As clients and therapists may have different perspectives the occupational therapists (OTs) need to use themselves as a therapeutic tool [5,6] in order to understand the clients’ lived experience [7] and to meet them and support the planning of the intervention.
The concept of the life-world was described by Husserl [1] as the world we live in, and to study the life-world is to examine the particularities of daily life. To understand the clients’ lived experience is in line with the principles of client-centered practice, [8] which strives to meet the person’s needs and desires by involving the clients as active partners in the rehabilitation process. [9] The key concept of client-centeredness entails ‘individual autonomy and choice, partnership, therapist and client responsibility, enablement, contextual congruence, accessibility and respect for diversity’ [3] | 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy Versus Intensive Semantic Treatment in Fluent Aphasia. | Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy Versus Intensive Semantic Treatment in Fluent Aphasia.
Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy Versus Intensive Semantic Treatment in Fluent Aphasia.
OVERVIEW
There exist evidences that suggest that short term, intensive aphasia therapy in the chronic stages of aphasia recovery has a beneficial effect irrespective of the type of treatment.
The objective of this study was therefore to compare the effectiveness of two intensive therapy methods in the stages of aphasia recovery. The two intensive therapy methods that were compared in this study include Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy (CIAT) as well as the semantic Therapy (BOX). The Sampling population for this research were 9 patients with chronic fluent aphasia. During the research, the 9 patients participated in a therapy program to establish behavioural treatment outcomes. The participants were randomly assigned to either the CIAT group or the BOX group.
Results from the study however revealed that intensive therapy on patients recovering from aphasia significantly improved verbal communication. The results further indicated that BOX treatment showed a more pronounced improvement on two communication a standardized assessment for verbal communication and a subjective rating scale
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Ineke Wilssens, Dorien Vandenborre, Kim van Dun, Jo Verhoeven, Evy Visch-Brink, and Peter Mariëna
JOURNAL: American Journal of Speech and Language Pathology
PUBLISHER: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)
URL: http://www.asha.org/ | 3 | | R370.00 | |
| | Effect of Cognitive Load on Seating Posture in Children | Effect of Cognitive Load on Seating Posture in Children
Effect of Cognitive Load on Seating Posture in Children
OVERVIEW
It is often difficult for children to maintain their upright seating positions while performing cognitive tasks. Thus, it is imperative to understand the relationship that exists between cognitive tasks and postural seating positions to enable children carryout their tasks efficiently and effectively.
This study was therefore conducted among selected 4th-grade children in a Japanese elementary school. The objective of the study was to determine the muscle activity as well as body sway of children while performing cognitive tasks, arithmetic tasks precisely. While performing the arithmetic tasks, changes in muscle activities, as well as the center of pressure (COP), were recorded. It should be noted that electromyography was also recorded from the internal oblique and lumbor multifidus muscles whereas the COP was reported to have been measured with the use of a baropodometer that was placed on a stool.
Results from the findings nevertheless revealed that arithmetic tasks were not related to the EMG or COP changes in the children. It was therefore concluded that it was better to allow children to alter their seating postures when performing difficult tasks.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Go Igarashi, Chieko Karashima & Minoru Hoshiyama
JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International
PUBLISHER: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
URL: www.wiley.com
| 3 | | R325.00 | |
| | Effects of Action Observational Training Plus Brain–Computer Interface-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation on Paretic Arm Motor Recovery in Patient with Stroke. | Effects of Action Observational Training Plus Brain–Computer Interface-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation on Paretic Arm Motor Recovery in Patient with Stroke.
Effects of Action Observational Training Plus Brain–Computer Interface-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation on Paretic Arm Motor Recovery in Patient with Stroke.
OVERVIEW
There are many ongoing studies that are related to mental practices in the stroke rehabilitation field. To this effect, many approaches based on the mirror neuron system have been proposed as a supplementation to stroke rehabilitation. Thus, aim of this study was to investigate whether action observational training (AOT) plus brain–computer interface-based functional electrical stimulation (BCI-FES) has a positive influence on motor recovery of paretic upper extremity in patients with stroke.
During this hospital-based, randomized controlled trial with a blinded assessor, 30 patients with a first-time stroke were randomly allocated to one of two groups. The groups were either BCI-FES group or the control group. It is important to mention that the BCI-FES group administered to AOT plus BCI-FES on the paretic upper extremity five times per week for 4 weeks while both groups received conventional therapy. The primary outcomes of this research included the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity, Motor Activity Log (MAL), Modified Barthel Index and range of motion of paretic arm.
After this research, it was revealed that the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity sub-items (total, shoulder and wrist), MAL (MAL-Activity of Use and Quality of Movement), Modified Barthel Index and wrist flexion range of motion were significantly higher in the BCI-FES group.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: TaeHoon Kim, SeongSik Kim & ByoungHee Lee
JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International
PUBLISHER: John Wiley & Sons
URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com
| 3 | | R325.00 | |
| | Evaluating intervention using time aids in children with disabilities. | Evaluating intervention using time aids in children with disabilities.
Evaluating intervention using time aids in children with disabilities.
OVERVIEW
Nowadays, children with difficulties in managing time in everyday life are at risk of delayed development of time-processing skills compared with their same-aged peers. Thus, Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been reported to exhibit problems in time perception/time sense as compared with typically developing children.
The objective of this study was to evaluate complex intervention using time aids for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities who exhibit limitations in daily time management. The participants of this study were children aged between 6-11 who were suffering from conditions such as ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, mild or moderate intellectual disability, spina bifida, and cerebral palsy. This study equally used a Randomized Block and Waiting List control group design, with 25 children allocated to control and 22 to intervention group.
Results from this study indicated that Children in both groups gained significantly in time-processing ability between the first and second data collection, meanwhile the children in the intervention group improved time-processing ability significantly more than controls.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Gunnel Janeslätt, Anders Kottorp & Mats Granlund
JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis online
URL: http://www.tandfonline.com
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Exploring the Nature of the Intention, Meaning and Perception Process of the Neuro-occupation Model to Understand Adaptation to Change. | Exploring the Nature of the Intention, Meaning and Perception Process of the Neuro-occupation Model to Understand Adaptation to Change.
Exploring the Nature of the Intention, Meaning and Perception Process of the Neuro-occupation Model to Understand Adaptation to Change.
OVERVIEW
The human condition is completely individualized and unpredictable since change does not follow a linear path. However, the theoretical model of neuro-occupation, intention, meaning and perception, sought to describe the symbiotic relationship between occupation and the brain, as a chaotic, self-organized, complex system. It is apparent that lack of evidence has also limited its applicability to practice.
The aim of this study was to track the postulates of the model within the daily experiences of subjects. Thus, a qualitative multiple case- study design, typically used for testing models was used for content analysis. During the study, an underpinning principle of the model, defined a circular causality feedback process, which was confirmed as described through tracing the repetitive processes within the lived experience of two Iranian men.
The results from this study however suggested that continual adaptation occurred in lives interrupted by cerebrovascular accident, which enabled the subjects to return to expression of meaning through purposeful occupation and continually re-shaped their perceptions.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Seyed Alireza Derakhshanrad, Emily Piven, Seyed Ali Hosseini Farahnaz Mohammadi Shahboulaghi, Homer Nazeran & Mehdi Rassafiani
JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International
PUBLISHER: John Willey & Sons Limited
URL: http://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com
| 3 | | R325.00 | |
| | Illustrated Deep Dry Needling: Deep Dry Needling of the Hip. | Illustrated Deep Dry Needling: Deep Dry Needling of the Hip.
Illustrated Deep Dry Needling: Deep Dry Needling of the Hip.
A Michaeli MSc PT, Grad. Dip. Manip. Therap, MCMT.
Until recently, the hip joint was not thought to be a significant cause of problems in the athletic population, although hip disorders have long been recognised in the paediatric population (perhaps disease slipped femoral epiphysis) and older people (osteoarthritis). It was not until the advent of, firstly, MRI, and then hip arthroscopy, that it was realised that the incidence of hip labral and acetabular rim pathology was high, and that anatomical variants such as femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) were a common underlying cause of groin pain. | 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Illustrated Deep Dry Needling: Deep Dry Needling of the Shoulder. | Illustrated Deep Dry Needling: Deep Dry Needling of the Shoulder.
Illustrated Deep Dry Needling: Deep Dry Needling of the Shoulder.
Carel Bron, Jo L.M. Franssen, Betty T.M. Beersma.
Illustration and needling instructions of Dry Needling techniques for the following shoulder muscles are provided:
This illustrated Dry Needling online course covers:
The clinical relevance of myofascial trigger points in shoulder pain syndromes, shoulder pain and movement dysfunction, trigger points and range of motion (ROM) restrictions and trigger points. | 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Illustrated Deep Dry Needling: Deep Dry Needling of the Thoracic / Lumbar. | Illustrated Deep Dry Needling: Deep Dry Needling of the Thoracic / Lumbar.
Illustrated Deep Dry Needling: Deep Dry Needling of the Thoracic / Lumbar.
Louise Kelley Michelle Finnegan Jan Dommerholt.
This illustrated Dry Needling online course covers:
The clinical relevance of trigger points in syndromes related to the trunk.
Illustration and needling instructions of Dry Needling techniques for the following trunk muscles are provided:
- Pectoralis major muscle
- Rhomboid major and minor muscles
- Serratus posterior superior muscle
- Middle trapezius muscle
- Lower trapezius muscle
- Latissimus dorsi muscle
- Serratus anterior muscle
- Longissimus thoracis muscle
- Iliocostalis thoracis and lumborum muscles
- Thoracic and lumbar multifidus muscles
- Serratus posterior inferior muscle
- Quadratus lumborum
- Rectus abdominus muscle
- External and internal oblique muscles
Their anatomy, function, innervation and contra-indications for Dry Needling are also included. | 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Interventions aimed at improving the ability to use everyday technology in work after brain injury. | Interventions aimed at improving the ability to use everyday technology in work after brain injury.
Interventions aimed at improving the ability to use everyday technology in work after brain injury.
Abstract:
Objective: The aim of this study was to explore and describe how client-centred occupational therapy interventions may support and improve the ability to use everyday technology (ET) in work tasks in people with acquired brain injury (ABI).
Method: A qualitative, descriptive multiple-case study was designed, and occupation-based interventions were provided to three working-age participants with ABI. Multiple sources were used to collect data throughout the three intervention processes, including assessments, field notes, and interviews. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Management of Everyday Technology Assessment were administered before the interventions, after the interventions and at a follow-up session 2–3 months subsequent to the interventions.
Results: The three intervention processes initially consisted of similar actions, but subsequently the actions took on a different focus and intensity for each case. All of the goals in each of the three case processes were achieved, and both perceived and observed abilities to use ET in work tasks improved.
Conclusions: Client-centred occupational therapy interventions might have the potential to improve the ability to use ET in work tasks in people with ABI. OVERVIEW
There is currently an increased use of everyday technology (ET), such as coffee machines, mobile phones, and computers because of the development of an information society.
The aim of this study was to explore and describe how client-centred occupational therapy interventions may support and improve the ability to use everyday technology (ET) in work tasks in people with acquired brain injury (ABI). During this research, a qualitative, descriptive multiple-case study was designed, and occupation-based interventions were provided to three working-age participants with ABI. Multiple sources including assessments, field notes, and interviews were used to collect data throughout the three intervention processes. It is worth men toning that The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Management of Everyday Technology Assessment were administered both before and after the interventions as well as at a follow-up session 2–3 months after the interventions.
The results of this study revealed that the three intervention processes initially consisted of similar actions, but subsequently the actions took on a different focus and intensity for each case. It was therefore concluded that client-centred occupational therapy interventions might have the potential to improve the ability to use ET in work tasks in people with ABI.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Ann-Charlotte Kassberg, Maria Prellwitz, Camilla Malinowsky & Maria Larsson-Lund
JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis
URL: http://taylorandfrancis.com
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias. | Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias.
Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias.
OVERVIEW
There are evidences that more than one-third of Ameri¬can households report failing to access needed den¬tal care in each year because of cost. Thus, den¬tal problems are an increasing cause of emergency room visits.
The aim of this study was to explore low-income parents’ perceptions of oral health and of mid-level dental providers as a means of improving access to care. Of course, as states increasingly consider adding mid-level providers to the dental workforce, it is imperative to understand the views of potential patients toward such providers since the success of any strategy depends, in part, upon the willingness of potential patients to be treated by them. The qualitative research methodology was used for this study and in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 low-income parents to assess their perceptions of oral health, access to and need for dental care, and potential acceptance of mid-level dental providers. Interview transcripts were analysed by a team of researchers using interpretive research methods.
The results from this study suggested that the respondents had a strong desire to maintain their families’ oral health, as well as their perception that they face signifi¬cant barriers to receiving needed care.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Nicoll KL, Phillips E, Shaefer HL, Simoncic T.
JOURNAL: Functional Neurology
PUBLISHER: Nova Science Publisher
URL: https://www.novapublishers.com | 3 | | R475.00 | |
| | Musculoskeletal Ultrasound: Focused Impact on MRI. | Musculoskeletal Ultrasound: Focused Impact on MRI.
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound: Focused Impact on MRI.
OVERVIEW
The objective of this article is to compare and contrast image interpretation, accuracy, observer variability, economic impact and education with regard to musculoskeletal ultrasound and MRI because these factors will influence the growth of musculoskeletal ultrasound and the impact on MRI.
The use of musculoskeletal ultrasound continues to grow and there are a numerous factors that impact MRI. The development of less expensive portable ultrasound machines has opened the market to non-radiologists and application for musculoskeletal ultrasound has broadened. Selective substitution of musculoskeletal ultrasound for MRI can result in significant cost saving to the health care system. Although this change could decrease the use of MRI, issues related to accuracy, variability, education, and competence must be addressed.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
AUTHOR: Jon A. Jacobson1
JOURNAL: American Journal of Roentgenology
PUBLISHER:ARRS
URL: https:/www.arrs.org
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Orthopaedic Medicine General Principles Part 1. | Orthopaedic Medicine General Principles Part 1.
Orthopaedic Medicine General Principles Part 1.
Orthopaedic medicine is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of soft-tissue lesions. These disorders effect a substantial proportion of all patients in general and family medicine; cases are additionally found in departments of orthopaedic surgery, rheumatology, neurology, and casualty and, in particular, physiotherapy and sports clinics. Soccer or later nearly everyone suffers some such complaint.
In broad terms, these disorders embrace conditions commonly called arthritis, rheumatism, fibrositis, neck ache, backache, lumbago, sprained back muscles, sacroiliac strain, sciatica, trapped nerve, pulled muscles, frozen shoulder, tennis elbow, strained wrist, repetitive strain injuries (RSI), sprained knee and ankle, aches, sprains, inflammation and sports injuries generally.
However, this broad nomenclature encompasses what is in reality a multitude of distinct and readily distinguishable conditions. Once accurately diagnosed they permit the formation of rapid and effective treatment, without which the pain and disability may persist unnecessarily for weeks, months or years.
Soft-tissue lesions are thus a common cause of unavoidable pain. | 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Performance or activities of daily living among hospitalised cancer patients. | Performance or activities of daily living among hospitalised cancer patients.
Performance or activities of daily living among hospitalised cancer patients.
OVERVIEW
It has been revealed that digital radiography encompasses both computed It is evident that problems with performance of activities of daily living (ADL) tasks have an impact on patients’ quality of life as well as their ability to stay independent. Many researches have nonetheless documented that rehabilitation is needed when cancer patients experience decreased ability to perform ADL.
Although rehabilitation may include activities of daily living (ADL) tasks, very little is still known about how cancer patients perform these tasks and how they prioritize their daily activities. The objective of this study was therefore to identify and characterize ADL task performance problems among a group of adult disabled hospitalized cancer patients using interview and questionnaire. This Cross-sectional study on prevalence of ADL task performance problems experienced by disabled hospitalized cancer patients was carried out using the Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.
The results of this study indicated that all 118 patients reported problems with ADL task performance.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR: Line Lindhal-Jacobsen, Dorte Gilsa Hansen, Eva Ejlersen Waehrens, Karen La Cour & Jens Sondergaard
JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Online
URL: http://www.tandfonline.com
| 3 | | R475.00 | |
| | Placebo effects in trials evaluating 12 selected minimally invasive interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | Placebo effects in trials evaluating 12 selected minimally invasive interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Placebo effects in trials evaluating 12 selected minimally invasive interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
OVERVIEW
The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of placebo effects on outcome in trials of selected minimally invasive procedures and to assess reported adverse events in both trial arms. The design for this study was nonetheless a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The data for this study was selected by searching MEDLINE and Cochrane library so as to identify systematic reviews of musculoskeletal, neurological and cardiac conditions that were published between January 2009 and January 2014 comparing selected minimally invasive with placebo (sham) procedures. During this research, effect sizes (ES) in the active and placebo arms in the trials’ primary and pooled secondary end points were calculated. The association between end points in the active and sham groups were nevertheless analysed using the linear regression.
This study was however concluded that the generally small differences in ES between active treatment and sham suggest that nonspecific mechanisms, including placebo, are major predictors of the observed effects
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR: Robin Holtedahl, Jens Ivar Brox, Ole Tjomsland
JOURNAL: Stroke and Vascular Neurology
PUBLISHER: BMJ Open
URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/ | 3 | | R375.00 | |
| | Postextubation Dysphagia in Critical Patients: A First Report from the Largest Step-Down Intensive Care Unit in Greece. | Postextubation Dysphagia in Critical Patients: A First Report from the Largest Step-Down Intensive Care Unit in Greece.
Postextubation Dysphagia in Critical Patients: A First Report from the Largest Step-Down Intensive Care Unit in Greece.
OVERVIEW
Oropharyngeal dysphagia or swallowing disorders refers to difficulty receiving, maintaining, and transferring food and liquids from the mouth to the oesophagus. If this is left untreated, it can result to serious complications such as social isolation, respiratory compromise, aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, and death.
The purpose of this study was to provide preliminary data on the occurrence and impact of postextubation dysphagia in the largest Greek step-down intensive care unit (ICU) over 2 years. This research was however a retrospective observational cohort study of patients referred for swallowing assessment postextubation that was conducted from November 2011, to August 2013. Results from this study indicated that of the 357 patients admitted to the unit during this period, 87, aged 55.8 ± 18.1 years (61 male, 26 female), were referred and evaluated. Of these, 2.3% were found to have no dysphagia, and 21.8% and 75.9% were diagnosed with mild and moderate/severe dysphagia, respectively.
The results of this study suggested the importance of early dysphagia management in critical patients in Greece and globally.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR: Georgia A. Malandraki, Vasiliki Markaki, Voula C. Georgopoulos, Loukia Psychogios, and Serafim Nanas
JOURNAL: American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
PUBLISHER: ASHA
URL: http://www.asha.org | 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Practice Issues. | Practice Issues.
OVERVIEW
It is important to note that the responses to the various questions are the views independently expressed and are not necessarily opinions shared by cpdexpress.co.za. As matters involving Ethics and the law are subject to interpretation, the responses cannot, in any way, be regarded as binding or necessarily endorsed by the regulatory authorities.
There are ethical dilemmas regarding patients, colleagues and associates that one doesn’t even consider until they become issues in their practice. There are many questions to be asked regarding ethics, touting, canvassing, advertising, competition and many other issues that need to be addressed and this article addresses most of them. | 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Private Practice: The Do's And Don'ts. | Private Practice: The Do's And Don'ts.
Private Practice: The Do's And Don'ts.
OVERVIEW
You have studied extensively to become a healthcare professional in your field of study. You have learned and become adept at identifying a vast range of conditions. You can diagnose and effectively treat those conditions within the scope of the discipline.
Now you are faced with a plethora of dilemmas. What is fair value for your services? What appliances are appropriate and reasonable? What commercial and legal structures are appropriate for you? What influence may these commercial and legal structures have on your clinical recommendations? Who may have access to your record cards? What responsibility can you delegate to your staff? Who carries final responsibility for payment of your claims – member or medical aid? What constitutes anti-competitive behavior?
This is a very informative article that will help you to run your practice within the various guidelines. | 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Prognostic Factors for Disability and Sick Leave Patients with Subacute Non-Malignant Pain. | Prognostic Factors for Disability and Sick Leave Patients with Subacute Non-Malignant Pain.
Prognostic Factors for Disability and Sick Leave Patients with Subacute Non-Malignant Pain.
OVERVIEW
Pain is one of the most common reasons patients consult general practice. It has been observed that long-term disability and sick leave due to a pain conditions are associated with huge negative consequences for the individual and for society.
The objective of this systematic review was therefore to identify generic prognostic factors for disability and sick leave in sub-acute pain patients. The setting of this study was nevertheless general practice and other primary care facilities. Participants in this study were adults (>18 years) with a sub-acute non-malignant pain condition. 19 studies were included, referring to a total of 6266 patients suffering from pain in the head, neck, back and shoulders. The primary outcome of this study was long-term disability (>3 months) due to a pain condition whereas the secondary outcome was sick leave, defined as ‘absence from work’ or ‘return-to-work. Data was obtained through a search via PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and PEDro databases from 16 from January 2003 to 16 January 2014.
The study was concluded that multiple site pain, high pain severity, older age, baseline disability and longer pain duration were potential prognostic factors for disability across pain sites.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR: Gitte H Valentin, Marc S Pilegaard, Henrik B Vaegter, Marianne Rosendal, Lisbeth Ørtenblad, Ulla Væggemose, Robin Christensen
JOURNAL: BMJ General Practice
PUBLISHER: BMJ Open
URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com
| 3 | | R365.00 | |
| | Relationship between Quantified Instrumental Swallowing Examination and Comprehensive Clinical Swallowing Examination. | Relationship between Quantified Instrumental Swallowing Examination and Comprehensive Clinical Swallowing Examination.
Relationship between Quantified Instrumental Swallowing Examination and Comprehensive Clinical Swallowing Examination.
OVERVIEW
Clinical swallowing examination (CSE) is used in evaluating whether a subject has dysphagia. However, it also includes various clinical methods such as recording the history of the subject’s swallowing difficulty; observing the anatomical structures of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx; testing sensory and motor functions, behaviour, level of consciousness and speech language ability; and performing a swallowing trial.
Nevertheless, the objective of this study was to identify the correlation between the Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MASA) and the Videofluoroscopic Dysphagia Scale (VDS) to investigate the applicability of the MASA as a follow-up test of swallowing function. Criterion validity was assessed for MASA results versus VDS scores of tests administered to 54 patients who had a stroke and dysphagia. The results of this study indicated that there was a significant correlation between the MASA and the VDS (correlation coefficient =_0.509).
The results from this study further indicated that the MASA holds adequate clinical test–re-test and inter-rater reliabilities and criterion validity for measuring the swallowing abilities of Korean patients who had a stroke and dysphagia.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Jong-Chi Oh, Ji-Hyuk Park, Min-Ye Jung, Eun-Young Yoo, Ki-Yeon Chang & Teak-Young Lee
JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International
PUBLISHER: Wiley
URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com | 3 | | R355.00 | |
| | Rewarding yet demanding: client perspectives on enabling occupations during early stages of recovery from Schizophrenia. | Rewarding yet demanding: client perspectives on enabling occupations during early stages of recovery from Schizophrenia.
Rewarding yet demanding: client perspectives on enabling occupations during early stages of recovery from Schizophrenia.
OVERVIEW
Schizophrenia is known to be a severe mental illness that is characterized by psychotic symptoms, negative symptoms such as apathy and anhedonia, as well as impaired cognitive functioning. Schizophrenia can also result to significant risk of impaired functioning in areas such as self-care, independent living skills, social relationships, work, and going to school.
The aim of this study was therefore to seek a better understanding of how people with schizophrenia experience an occupational therapy intervention designed to enable them to carry out meaningful occupations in the early phases of recovery. The methodology of this research was a qualitative design that comprised of an eight-week client-centred occupational therapy intervention with semi-structured interviews of five of the six clients out of 10 who completed the intervention. It is imperative to acknowledge that Braun and Clark’s thematic analysis was applied to the transcripts.
Results from this study indicated that participants valued engaging in real-life occupations while anchoring new strategies.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: S.T.B. Bjørkedal, A.M.B. Torsting and T. Møller
JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis
URL: http://www.tandfonline.com | 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | The potential role of neuropathic mechanisms in dry eye syndromes. | The potential role of neuropathic mechanisms in dry eye syndromes.
The potential role of neuropathic mechanisms in dry eye syndromes.
OVERVIEW
According to the 2007 International Dry Eye Workshop, dry eye syndromes (DES) are multifactorial diseases of the tears, lids and ocular surface which can result in symptoms of discomfort and/or visual disturbance and/or tear film instability with the potential for damage to the ocular surface.
This disease is often accompanied by Meibomian gland dysfunction, increased osmolarity of the tear film and inflammation of the ocular surface1 and may be exacerbated by infrequent and/or incomplete blinking. Dry eye symptoms could either be nociceptive and neuropathic symptoms. The aim of this review was to discuss the potential for ocular symptoms involving neuropathic mechanisms to contribute to psychosocial problems such as depression, stress, anxiety and sleep disorders as well as for these types of psychosocial problems to contribute to neuropathic mechanisms and dry eye syndromes.
This is study is relevant because failure to consider the possibility that neuropathic mechanisms can contribute to dry eye syndromes may reduce accuracy of diagnosis and the suitability of treatment provided.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Charles W. Mcmonnies
JOURNAL: Journal of Optometry
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Inc
URL: http://elsevier.com
| 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | Trigger Points and Myofascial Therapy: Referred Pain Pattern, Classifications of MFTP’s and Myofascial Diagnosis. | Trigger Points and Myofascial Therapy: Referred Pain Pattern, Classifications of MFTP’s and Myofascial Diagnosis.
Trigger Points and Myofascial Therapy: Referred Pain Pattern, Classifications of MFTP’s and Myofascial Diagnosis.
OVERVIEW
One of the most rewarding experiences in physiotherapy is to transform a patient’s agonising pain into a feeling of comfort, relaxation and hope. Myofascial pain syndrome is a difficult and frustrating condition. These courses provide insight into all aspects of the condition including some of the latest thinking and research. They also offer important diagnostic tools and excellent, proven treatment options.
While there is no specific mechanism clearly identified as responsible for the referred pain pattern of myofascial trigger points, there are various possible mechanisms that may share responsibility. A pain stimulus to be perceived by the sensory cortex is transformed at least four times on at least four levels which are discussed further in this online course. | 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | What Drives Quality Improvement in Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Care. | What Drives Quality Improvement in Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Care.
What Drives Quality Improvement in Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary Care.
OVERVIEW
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly becoming a public health issue because it’s very common. More so, CKD is an established, independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and there are indications that a significant number of patients with CKD die from cardiovascular complications than progress to end-stage kidney disease.
This study was process of evaluating the Quality Improvement in Chronic Kidney Disease (QICKD) study, comparing audit-based education (ABE) and sending clinical guidelines and prompts (G&P) with usual practice, in improving systolic blood pressure control in primary care. This study however took place in 4 primary care practices in England (2received ABE, and 2 G&P). The participants of this study were focus groups conducted with staff from each of the 4 primary care practices.
Based on results of the study, it was concluded that improving quality in CKD is complex. The results also indicated that lack of awareness of clinical guidelines and scepticism about their validity are barriers to change.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Akin Nihat, Simon de Lusignan, Nicola Thomas, Mohammad Aumran Tahir, Hugh Gallagher
JOURNAL: General Practice
PUBLISHER: BMJ Open
| 3 | | R365.00 | |