| | Expression beyond Words: An Analysis of Human Figure Drawing of Children and Adolescents with ADHD | Expression beyond Words: An Analysis of Human Figure Drawing of Children and Adolescents with ADHD
Expression beyond Words: An Analysis of Human Figure Drawing of Children and Adolescents with ADHD
Overview
Children’s' drawing are good indicators of emotion, self- esteem and social competence, as well as other personality aspects. Children in the phase of development, express their emotions more through images or drawings instead of words (Catte & Cox, 1999). The current study aims to explore emotional indicators in the drawings of children and adolescents with ADHD. More specifically, the objective of the investigation is to determine if there are gender and age –wise differences in emotional wellbeing.
Human figure drawing of 52 children and adolescents were analysed according to 5-category emotional problems The emotional problems were characterized as impulsivity, insecurity-inadequacy, shyness-timidity, anxiety and anger- aggressiveness. Emotional indicators amongst each category were analysed to find if they were linked to gender and age groups. Chi-Square analysis showed gender differences within the emotional indicators; boys who participated in this study manifested more anger related issues than girls, whereas girls showed more traits of shyness.
The findings suggested emotional wellbeing of children with ADHD increases with age, additionally while girls remain timidly shy, and boys retain aggressiveness. The findings have important implications for clinical and educational psychology.
| 3 | | R440.00 | |
| | Five-Minute Cognitive Test as A New Quick Screning of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly | Five-Minute Cognitive Test as A New Quick Screning of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly
Five-Minute Cognitive Test as A New Quick Screning of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly
Overview
As old population is dramatically growing, the detection of early cognitive deficit will become increasingly crucial. Effective cognitive screening test with quick and convenient merits will ensure recognition of early cognitive deficit and timely intervention. This study aims to develop a new evaluation method for quickly and conveniently screening cognitive impairment in the elderly.
The five-minute cognitive test (FCT) was designed to capture deficits in five domains of cognitive abilities, including episodic memory, language fluency, time orientation, visuospatial function, and executive function. Subsequently, FCT efficiencies in differentiating normally cognitive ability from cognitive impairment were explored and compared with that of the Mini-Mental Status Evaluation (MMSE). Equipercentile equating method was utilized to create a crosswalk between scores of the FCT and MMSE. Further, the association of scores of the FCT and MMSE with hippocampal volumes was investigated.
Many screening tools are currently available, but no tools meet the four important requirements for widespread use in clinical practice or large-scale epidemiological studies — that is, capture a clinically acceptable range of cognitive domains, take short time to administrate (around 5 minutes), have high accuracy for detecting cognitive impairment, and incorporate visual recall, which is the earliest deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. The FCT is a novel, reliable, and valid cognitive screening test for the detection of dementia at early stages.
Journal
JKL International LLC Aging and Disease Volume 10, Number 6 URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6844584/pdf/ad-10-6-1258.pdf
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Effects of Deep Cervical Flexor Training on Forward Head Posture, Neck Pain, and Functional Status in Adolescents Using Computers Regularly | Effects of Deep Cervical Flexor Training on Forward Head Posture, Neck Pain, and Functional Status in Adolescents Using Computers Regularly
Effects of Deep Cervical Flexor Training on Forward Head Posture, Neck Pain, and Functional Status in Adolescents Using Computers Regularly
Overview: Teaching is one of the professions where incidence and prevalence of neck pain is high. Prolonged use of computers, which has further increased due to online teaching amid pandemic, is known to cause neck pain and alter posture, while people with forward head posture (FHP) are prone to develop neck pain and related disability. Research has shown that impairment of deep cervical flexor (DCF) muscles leads to insufficiency in coordination, activation, overload, and poor support on cervical structures that further lead to development of neck pain and altered neck posture. The objective of this study was to see the effect of DCF muscle training using pressure biofeedback on pain and FHP in schoolteachers with neck pain.
This observational study was conducted at medical center in school premises. Fifty-five schoolteachers aged between 25 and 40 years with experience of more than 5 years were invited to participate in this study. Pain and FHP were assessed using NPRS and cranio-vertebral angle using digital photograph technique, respectively, at baseline and end of four weeks of treatment.
This study shows that although pain and FHP improved following conventional exercises in schoolteachers with neck pain, mean improvement was more significant among those who received additional DCF muscle training using pressure biofeedback.
Acknowledgments: Authors: Ahmad H. Alghadir and Zaheen A. Iqbal Journal: BioMed Research International
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | HIV and Aids | HIV and Aids
Overview
HIV disease is caused by infection with HIV-1 or HIV-2, which are retroviruses in the Retroviridae family, Lentivirus genus. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug paraphernalia, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), which can occur during the birth process or during breastfeeding. The patient with HIV may present with signs and symptoms of any of the stages of HIV infection. No physical findings are specific to HIV infection; the physical findings are those of the presenting infection or illness. Examples of manifestations include acute seroconversion manifests as a flulike illness, consisting of fever, malaise, generalized rash, generalized lymphadenopathy is common and may be a presenting symptom. This course covers the screening, diagnosis, medication and management of Aids.
Author: Sharespike
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Oral Health and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Unique Collaboration between Dentistry and Occupational Therapy | Oral Health and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Unique Collaboration between Dentistry and Occupational Therapy
Oral Health and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Unique Collaboration between Dentistry and Occupational Therapy
Overview Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are at risk for oral health disparities. With the dramatic rise in ASD prevalence to 1 in 54 children, it is likely that an increasing number of dental practitioners will encounter or be asked to treat children with ASD. This paper reviews explanations related to the increasing prevalence of ASD, provides reasons why children with ASD are at increased risk for poor oral health, and discusses unique interprofessional collaborations between dental practitioners and occupational therapists. Occupational therapists and dentists can work together to plan modifications to the dental environment or adapt dental protocols to reduce some of the barriers encountered by those with ASD, provide desensitization strategies before the clinic visit, or help a child with emotional regulation during clinical treatments.
Authors Dominique H. Como,Leah I. Stein Duker, José C. Polido and Sharon A. Cermak Journal Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | The Effects of a Recollection-Based Occupational Therapy Program of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial | The Effects of a Recollection-Based Occupational Therapy Program of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The Effects of a Recollection-Based Occupational Therapy Program of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Overview:
Considering the high socio-economic costs related to the increasing number of dementia patients and their poor quality of life and that of their families, it is important to identify the condition early on and provide an appropriate intervention. This study organized a recollection-based occupational therapy program: a nonpharmacological intervention consisting of five categories of activities (physical, horticultural, musical, art, and instrumental activity of daily living; IADL) and applied it to those having a mild stage of Alzheimer’s disease. The experimental group participated in a total of 24 sessions––five times per week for one hour per session––while the control group took part in regular activities offered by the existing facilities. The experimental group presented improved cognitive functions, reduced depression, and enhanced quality of life; the two groups showed a statistically significant difference in every category. This study is meaningful in that it made a cognitive stimulation program concerning five different categories, implemented it for people suffering mild dementia, and confirmed positive outcomes. If a systemic version of the program is offered in dementia care facilities, it is expected to make a considerable contribution to the care of dementia patients.
Acknowledgements:
Authors: DeokJu Kim
Journal: Occupational Therapy International
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | The Effect of Hearing Aid Use on Cognition in Older Adults: Can We Delay Decline or Even Improve Cognitive Function? | The Effect of Hearing Aid Use on Cognition in Older Adults: Can We Delay Decline or Even Improve Cognitive Function?
The Effect of Hearing Aid Use on Cognition in Older Adults: Can We Delay Decline or Even Improve Cognitive Function?
Overview: Hearing loss is a modifiable risk factor for dementia in older adults. Whether hearing aid use can delay the onset of cognitive decline is unknown. Participants in this study (aged 62–82 years) were assessed before and 18 months after hearing aid fitting on hearing, cognitive function, speech perception, quality of life, physical activity, loneliness, isolation, mood, and medical health.
At baseline, multiple linear regression showed hearing loss and age predicted significantly poorer executive function performance, while tertiary education predicted significantly higher executive function and visual learning performance. At 18 months after hearing aid fitting, speech perception in quiet, self-reported listening disability and quality of life had significantly improved. Group mean scores across the cognitive test battery showed no significant decline, and executive function significantly improved.
Authors: Julia Sarant, David Harris, Peter Busby, Paul Maru, Adrian Schembri, Ulrike Lemke and Stefan Launer
Article: J. Clin. Med. 2020
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Brain Connectivity Changes after Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: A Randomized Manual - Placebo Controlled Trial | Brain Connectivity Changes after Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: A Randomized Manual - Placebo Controlled Trial
Brain Connectivity Changes after Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: A Randomized Manual - Placebo Controlled Trial
Overview
The effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) on functional brain connectivity in healthy adults is missing in the literature. The main advantage for patients is the effective relief of acute and chronic pain. Indeed, OMT was proved effective on conditions and disorders beyond the sensory and motor system, including the reduction of hospitalization length in a large population of preterm infants, effects in anxiety and fatigue in people with Multiple Sclerosis and on autonomic and neuroendocrine responses. The neurophysiological effects underlying clinical improvements are still under debate. Although models explaining the therapeutic effects of OMT include potential brain mechanisms, few studies have been carried out to investigate brain mechanism changes after OMT. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research includes several different approaches to estimate cortical functions. Several of these approaches have demonstrated functional brain changes associated with OMT. Using Arterial Spin Labeling MRI, we recently demonstrated that the treatment of somatic dysfunctions induces cerebral perfusion changes in asymptomatic young participants. This research provides the first preliminary evidence of brain network connectivity changes due to OMT, opening further insights into potential effects of OMT on brain functional activity. Moreover, it suggests future investigations in this unexplored field, particularly on symptomatic subjects.
Authors Marco Tramontano, Francesco Cerritelli, Federica Piras, Barbara Spanò, Federica Tamburella, Fabrizio Piras, Carlo Caltagirone, and Tommaso Gili Journal Brain Sci. 2020 Dec; 10(12): 969.
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Functional Communication Profiles in Children with Cerebral Palsy in Relation to Gross Motor Function and Manual and Intellectual Ability | Functional Communication Profiles in Children with Cerebral Palsy in Relation to Gross Motor Function and Manual and Intellectual Ability
Functional Communication Profiles in Children with Cerebral Palsy in Relation to Gross Motor Function and Manual and Intellectual Ability
Overview
The aim of the present study was to investigate communication function using classification systems and its association with other functional profiles, including gross motor function, manual ability, intellectual functioning, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that manual ability and intellectual functioning were significantly related with VSS and CFCS function, whereas only intellectual functioning was significantly related with SLPG functioning in children with CP.
Communication function in children with a peri-ventricular white matter lesion (PVWL) varied widely. In the cases with a PVWL, poor functioning was more common on the SLPG, compared to the VSS and CFCS. Compared to the children with bilateral spastic CP, the children with dyskinetic CP had more severe gross motor impairment, although there were no statistical differences in communication function between groups. Very strong relationships were noted among three communication classification systems that are closely related with intellectual ability. Compared to gross motor function, manual ability seemed more closely related with communication function in these children.
Acknowledgement
Authors Ja Young Choi, Jieun Park, Yoon Seong Choi, Yu-ra Goh and Eun Sook Park
Journal Yonsei Medical Journal
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Reading in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Literature Review | Reading in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Literature Review
Reading in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Literature Review
Overview
The broad ASD diagnosis used in the last decades and the resulting changes in the prevalence of these disorders have led to a relevant increase in the number of children diagnosed with ASD in the school system. The purpose of this review is to identify the different profiles of reading abilities shown by children with ASD. A review of the literature was conducted in the Web of Sciences and PubMed databases with the keywords 'autism' AND 'read*' and the filter 2010-2015. All articles published in the last 5 years focusing on description of and intervention for reading abilities in individuals with ASD were included. Review articles were excluded. The selected 58 articles were divided into those that described reading abilities in individuals with ASD (n = 27) and those that reported intervention procedures for reading development (n = 31). Direct comparisons and associations were prevented due to different inclusion criteria and lack of detailed information about intervention processes. We propose tentative conclusions to be confirmed by further studies. Acknowledgement:
Authors: Fernandes FD, de La Higuera Amato CA, Cardoso C, Navas AL, Molini-Avejonas DR Journal: Folia phoniatrica et logopaedica Publisher: Karger AG, Basel
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Efficacy of Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for the management of chronic pain in children and adolescents A systematic review and meta-analysis | Efficacy of Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for the management of chronic pain in children and adolescents A systematic review and meta-analysis
Efficacy of Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for the management of chronic pain in children and adolescents A systematic review and meta-analysis
Overview
Paediatric chronic pain is relatively common in the world. Although cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been shown to be efficacious in children and adolescents, it is generally recognized that availability and accessibility of CBT are limited. However, Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy (ICBT) performs better in these areas. This systematic review aims to evaluate the clinical effects of ICBT for chronic pain in youth when compared with the control treatments.
We searched electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials that compared ICBT with the control therapy for paediatric chronic pain. The primary outcomes were 95% confidence intervals and mean difference or standardized mean difference in change of pain intensity and activity limitations. Four trials met the inclusion criteria with a total of 404 participants of whom 208 received ICBT. Compared with pre-treatment, children reported significant, medium to large benefits on pain intensity, activity limitations, and parental protective behaviours after receiving ICBT immediately. ICBT for physical and psychological conditions in youth with chronic pain is a full potential therapy; it can be successful on clinically effects and socioeconomic benefits.
Acknowledgement
Author Wen-Xin Tang, Lu-Feng Zhang, Yan-Qiu Ai and Zhi-Song Li
Journal Medicine (Baltimore).
Publisher Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Early Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Under 3 Years of Age: Recommendations for Practice and Research. | Early Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Under 3 Years of Age: Recommendations for Practice and Research.
Early Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Under 3 Years of Age: Recommendations for Practice and Research.
Overview
This article reviews current evidence for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) interventions for children aged <3 years, based on peer-reviewed articles published up to December 2013. Several groups have adapted treatments initially designed for older, preschool-aged children with ASD, integrating best practice in behavioural teaching methods into a developmental framework based on current scientific understanding of how infants and toddlers learn. The central role of parents has been emphasized and facilitating the generalization of skills beyond the familiar home setting. Our review identified several comprehensive and targeted treatment models with evidence of clear benefits. Although some trials were limited to 8- to 12-week outcome data, enhanced outcomes associated with some interventions were evaluated over periods as long as 2 years. Based on this review, recommendations are proposed for clinical practice and future research.
Acknowledgement:
Authors: Zwaigenbaum L, Bauman ML, Choueiri R, Kasari C, Carter A, Granpeesheh D, Mailloux Z, Smith Roley S, Wagner S, Fein D, Pierce K, Buie T, Davis PA, Newschaffer C, Robins D, Wetherby A, Stone WL, Yirmiya N, Estes A, Hansen RL, McPartland JC, Natowicz MR
Journal: Pediatrics. Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Cross-tissue integration of genetic and epigenetic data | Cross-tissue integration of genetic and epigenetic data
Cross-tissue integration of genetic and epigenetic data
Cross-tissue integration of genetic and epigenetic data
Overview
Integration of emerging epigenetic information with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) genetic results may elucidate functional insights not possible via either type of information in isolation. Here we use the genotype and DNA methylation (DNAm) data from cord blood and peripheral blood to identify SNPs associated with DNA methylation (meQTL lists). Additionally, we use publicly available fetal brain and lung meQTL lists to assess enrichment of ASD GWAS results for tissue-specific meQTLs. ASD-associated SNPs are enriched for fetal brain and peripheral blood meQTLs .
This study integrating ASD GWAS results and meQTL maps provides insights about ASD etiology using data within and across tissue types. The CpG targets of ASD meQTLs across cord, blood, and brain tissues are enriched for immunerelated pathways, consistent with other expression and DNAm results in ASD, and reveal pathways not implicated by genetic findings. This joint analysis of genotype and DNAm demonstrates the potential of both brain and blood based DNAm for insights into ASD and psychiatric phenotypes more broadly.
Acknowledgement
Author Shan V. Andrews, Shannon E. Ellis, Kelly M. Bakulski , Brooke Sheppard, Lisa A. Croen , Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Craig J. Newschaffer, Andrew P. Feinberg, Dan E. Arking, Christine Ladd-Acosta & M. Daniele Fallin.
Journal Nature Communications URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5654961/pdf/41467_2017_Article_868.pdf
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial | Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial
Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial
Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial
Overview
There is mounting evidence that aerobic exercise has a positive effect on cognitive functions in older adults. The present study used magnetic resonance spectroscopy and quantitative MRI to systematically explore the effects of physical activity on human brain metabolism and grey matter (GM) volume in healthy aging. The main outcomes were the change in cerebral metabolism and its association to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels as well as changes in GM volume. We found that cerebral choline concentrations remained stable after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise in the intervention group, whereas they increased in the waiting control group.
No effect of training was seen on cerebral N-acetylaspartate concentrations, nor on markers of neuronal energy reserve or BDNF levels. Further, we observed no change in cortical GM volume in response to aerobic exercise. The finding of stable choline concentrations in the intervention group over the 3 month period might indicate a neuro-protective effect of aerobic exercise. Choline might constitute a valid marker for an effect of aerobic exercise on cerebral metabolism in healthy aging.
Acknowledgement
S Matura, J Fleckenstein, R Deichmann, T Engeroff, E Füzéki, E Hattingen, R Hellweg, B Lienerth, U Pilatus, S Schwarz, VA Tesky, L Vogt, W Banzer and J Pantel.
Journal Nature Translational Psychiatry (2017) 7, e1172
Publisher Unknown Creative Commons, Open Access doi:10.1038/tp.2017.135
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5538117/pdf/tp2017135a.pdf
| 3 | | R445.00 | |
| | Pediatric multiple sclerosis: current perspectives on health behaviours | Pediatric multiple sclerosis: current perspectives on health behaviours
Pediatric multiple sclerosis: current perspectives on health behaviours
Pediatric multiple sclerosis: current perspectives on health behaviours
Overview
Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) accounts for -5% of all multiple sclerosis cases, and has a prevalence of -10,000 children in the USA. POMS is associated with a higher relapse rate, and results in irreversible disability on average 10 years earlier than adult-onset multiple sclerosis. Other manifestations of POMS include mental and physical fatigue, cognitive impairment, and depression. Health behaviours of physical activity, diet, and sleep may have potential benefits in POMS, and present a scoping review of the existing literature.
Physical activity participation was associated with reduced relapse rate, disease burden, and sleep/rest fatigue symptoms. Nutritional factors, particularly vitamin D intake, may be associated with relapse rate. Obesity has been associated with increased risk of developing POMS. POMS is associated with better sleep hygiene, and this may benefit fatigue and quality of life.
Participation in health behaviours, particularly physical activity, diet, and sleep, may have benefits for POMS. Nevertheless, there are currently no interventions targeting promotion of these behaviours and examining the benefits of managing the primary and secondary manifestations of POMS.
Acknowledgement
Author Elizabeth Morghen Sikes, Robert W Motl , Jayne M Ness
Journal Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics 2018:9 17–25
Publisher Dovepress
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: a protocol and risk mitigation guide | Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: a protocol and risk mitigation guide
Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: a protocol and risk mitigation guide
Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: a protocol and risk mitigation guide Overview
Non-invasive brain stimulation has been increasingly investigated, mainly in adults, with the aims of influencing motor recovery after stroke. However, a consensus on safety and optimal study design has not been established in pediatrics. The low incidence of reported major adverse events in adults with and without clinical conditions has expedited the exploration of NIBS in children with paralleled purposes to influence motor skill development after neurological injury. Considering developmental variability in children, with or without a neurologic diagnosis, adult dosing and protocols may not be appropriate.
Combining our experiences has allowed us to improve our own protocols, with the immediate goal of child safety and the overarching goal to establish a consensus that helps to define best NIBS practice and practice guidelines
The purpose of this paper is to present recommendations and tools for the prevention and mitigation of adverse events (AEs) during NIBS in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP). Consistent reporting of safety, feasibility, and tolerability will refine NIBS practice guidelines contributing to future clinical translations of NIBS.
Acknowledgement
Author Bernadette T. Gillick, Andrew M. Gordon, Tim Feyma , Linda E. Krach, Jason Carmel, Tonya L. Rich, Yannick Bleyenheuft and Kathleen Friel
Journal Frontiers in Pediatrics Volume 6 Article 56
Publisher Cross Mark https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5864860/pdf/fped-06-00056.pdf
| 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease. | Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease.
Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease.
Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease.
Overview
This article describes how adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) perceive their ability to perform everyday tasks required for transition to adult health care and independent living. SCD negatively affects transition from pediatric to adult health care and independent living (Anie & Telfair, 2005).
The Adolescent Autonomy Checklist (AAC) was adapted to include skills associated with managing SCD (AAC-SCD) and was administered to adolescents during clinic visits. Participants indicated "can do already" or "needs practice" for 100 activities in 12 categories. Of 122 patients, the percentage of adolescents who needed practice was greatest in living arrangements (38.7%), money management (35.8%), vocational skills (29.6%), and health care skills (25.5%).
We found a significant effect of age and of cerebrovascular injury on the percentage of those who reported "needs practice" in multiple categories. We found no effect of gender and limited effect of haemoglobin phenotype on any skill category. Findings support the need for educational intervention to improve transition skills in adolescents with SCD.
Acknowledgement:
Author: Abel RA, Cho E, Chadwick-Mansker KR, D'Souza N, Housten AJ, King AA Journal:
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy Volume 69 Issue 2
Publisher: AOTA Press
| 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Dose and Timing in Neurorehabilitation: Prescribing Motor Therapy After Stroke | Dose and Timing in Neurorehabilitation: Prescribing Motor Therapy After Stroke
Dose and Timing in Neurorehabilitation: Prescribing Motor Therapy After Stroke
Dose and Timing in Neuro-rehabilitation: Prescribing Motor Therapy After Stroke.
Overview
Prescribing the most appropriate dose of motor therapy for individual patients is a challenge because minimal data are available and a large number of factors are unknown. This review explores the concept of dose and reviews the most recent findings in the field of neuro-rehabilitation, with a focus on relearning motor skills after stroke.
Appropriate dosing involves the prescription of a specific amount of an active ingredient, at a specific frequency and duration. Dosing parameters, particularly amount, are not well defined or quantified in most studies. Compiling data across studies indicates a positive, moderate dose-response relationship, indicating that more movement practice results in better outcomes. This relationship is confounded by time after stroke.
These findings suggest that substantially more movement practice may be necessary to achieve better outcomes for people living with the disabling consequences of stroke. Preclinical investigations are needed to elucidate many of the unknowns and allow for a more biologically driven rehabilitation prescription process. Likewise, clinical investigations are needed to determine the dose-response relationships and examine the potential dose-timing interaction in humans.
Acknowledgement:
Author: Lang CE, Lohse KR, Birkenmeier RL
Journal: Current Opinion in Neurology.
Publisher: HHS Public Access
| 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | Effectiveness and Adverse Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation. Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses. | Effectiveness and Adverse Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation. Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses.
Effectiveness and Adverse Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation. Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses.
Effectiveness and Adverse Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation. Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses. Overview
This umbrella review summarizes the evidence across meta-analyses regarding the effectiveness and adverse effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS). Methods Databases were searched up to March 2015 for meta-analyses of comparative trials in humans assessing the effectiveness or adverse effects of DBS. Data selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers.
Seven eligible systematic reviews were included assessing the use of DBS for epilepsy , obsessive-compulsive disorder , and Parkinson disease . The summary estimates were significant at p 0.05 in four meta-analyses (27%) with both fixed and random effects. One meta-analysis reported that DBS was more effective than sham in reducing the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale score in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients. The remaining three meta-analyses reported differences regarding mortality and depression in patients with Parkinson disease between DBS of the subthalamic nucleus and of the globus pallidus internus.
Although DBS has emerged as a viable surgical intervention to treat various disabling neurologic symptoms, existing studies fail to adequately support its use based on robust evidence without hints of bias. Acknowledgement
Authors Papageorgiou, Panagiotis N; Deschner, James; Papageorgiou, Spyridon N
Journal: Journal of Neurological Surgery
Publisher: University of Zurich Zurich Open Repository and Archive (www.zora.uzh.ch)
| 3 | | R440.00 | |
| | Medical Tourism. | Medical Tourism.
Overview
BACKGROUND: Medical tourism is a burgeoning industry in our region. It involves patients travelling outside of their home country for medical treatment. OBJECTIVE:
This article provides an outline of the current research around medical tourism, especially its impact on Australians. DISCUSSION:
Patients are increasingly seeking a variety of medical treatments abroad, particularly those involving cosmetic surgery and dental treatment, often in countries in South-East Asia. Adverse events may occur during medical treatment abroad, which raises medico-legal and insurance issues, as well as concerns regarding follow-up of patients. General practitioners need to be prepared to offer advice, including travel health advice, to patients seeking medical treatment abroad Acknowledgement
Author: Leggat P
Journal: Australian family physician.
Publisher: Focus Environmental
| 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | Ability in daily activities after early supported discharge models of stroke rehabilitation. | Ability in daily activities after early supported discharge models of stroke rehabilitation.
Ability in daily activities after early supported discharge models of stroke rehabilitation.
Overview
One of the major causes of disability in the Western world is stroke. There is also an assumption that the burden of stroke will rise in the long run because the population of elderly people is increasing fast. More so, there are currently better survivals after stroke. Thus, there is need for more knowledge about how different rehabilitation models in the municipality influence stroke survivors’ ability in activities of daily living (ADL).
The objective of this study was therefore to compare three models of outpatient rehabilitation, namely; early supported discharge (ESD) in a day unit, ESD at home and traditional treatment in the municipality (control group), regarding change in ADL ability during the first three months after stroke. The method used for this research was a group comparison study that was designed within a randomized control trial.
Results from this research indicated that there were no significant group differences in pre–post changed ADL ability measured by the AMPS. It was also concluded that more research needs to be done to find the best rehabilitation model to improve the quality of stroke survivors’ motor and process skills.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Tina Taule, Liv Inger Strand, Jörg Assmus & Jan Sture Kouen JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHERS: Taylor & Francis Group URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2015.1042403 Overview
One of the major causes of disability in the Western world is stroke. There is also an assumption that the burden of stroke will rise in the long run because the population of elderly people is increasing fast. More so, there are currently better survivals after stroke. Thus, there is need for more knowledge about how different rehabilitation models in the municipality influence stroke survivors’ ability in activities of daily living (ADL).
The objective of this study was therefore to compare three models of outpatient rehabilitation, namely; early supported discharge (ESD) in a day unit, ESD at home and traditional treatment in the municipality (control group), regarding change in ADL ability during the first three months after stroke. The method used for this research was a group comparison study that was designed within a randomized control trial.
Results from this research indicated that there were no significant group differences in pre–post changed ADL ability measured by the AMPS. It was also concluded that more research needs to be done to find the best rehabilitation model to improve the quality of stroke survivors’ motor and process skills.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Tina Taule, Liv Inger Strand, Jörg Assmus & Jan Sture Kouen JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHERS: Taylor & Francis Group URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2015.1042403
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Acute Effects of Breaking up Prolonged Sitting on Fatigue and Cognition. | Acute Effects of Breaking up Prolonged Sitting on Fatigue and Cognition.
Acute Effects of Breaking up Prolonged Sitting on Fatigue and Cognition.
Overview
There are many evidences that prolonged sitting has a negative effect or consequence on health. As a matter of fact, findings from previous experimental studies demonstrated that uninterrupted sitting is deleteriously associated with metabolic parameters, blood pressure and markers of haemostasis when compared to sitting that is interrupted with short bouts of physical activity.
The objective of this study was therefore to compare the acute effects of uninterrupted sitting with sitting interrupted by brief bouts of light-intensity walking on self-reported fatigue, cognition, neuroendocrine biomarkers and cardio metabolic risk markers in overweight/obese adults. The study was conducted in a laboratory in Melbourne, Australia meanwhile the design was a randomized two-condition crossover trial. The study was conducted on 19 overweight or obese adults between the ages of 45 and 75 years old.
Results from the study revealed that during the active condition, fatigue levels were lower whereas heart rates were higher compared to the sedentary condition. The conclusion was that interrupting prolonged sitting with light intensity walking breaks may be an effective fatigue counter measure acutely.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Patrik Wennberg, Carl-Johan Boraxbekk, Michael Wheeler, Bethany Howard, Paddy C Dempsey, Gavin Lambert, Nina Eikelis, Robyn Larsen, Parneet Sethi, Jessica Occleston, Jenny Hernestål- Boman, Kathryn A Ellis, Neville Owen, David W Dunstan JOURNAL: BMJ Open PUBLISHERS: BMJ URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Client-Centered ADL Intervention after Stroke: Occupational Therapists Experiences. | Client-Centered ADL Intervention after Stroke: Occupational Therapists Experiences.
Client-Centered ADL Intervention after Stroke: Occupational Therapists Experiences.
Introduction: After a major life-course disruption due to stroke the person’s life-world [1] may change and it may not be possible to perform activities of daily living (ADL) as before. In the Swedish National guidelines for stroke care, [2] interventions enabling ADL are recommended in the early phases of the rehabilitation after stroke. In a client-centered ADL intervention, the clients’ perceived needs and desires [3] should be guiding the aim of the intervention and should furthermore enable the person with stroke to have activities with purpose and meaning. [4] As clients and therapists may have different perspectives the occupational therapists (OTs) need to use themselves as a therapeutic tool [5,6] in order to understand the clients’ lived experience [7] and to meet them and support the planning of the intervention. The concept of the life-world was described by Husserl [1] as the world we live in, and to study the life-world is to examine the particularities of daily life. To understand the clients’ lived experience is in line with the principles of client-centered practice, [8] which strives to meet the person’s needs and desires by involving the clients as active partners in the rehabilitation process. [9] The key concept of client-centeredness entails ‘individual autonomy and choice, partnership, therapist and client responsibility, enablement, contextual congruence, accessibility and respect for diversity’ [3]
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Effect of Cognitive Load on Seating Posture in Children | Effect of Cognitive Load on Seating Posture in Children
Effect of Cognitive Load on Seating Posture in Children
OVERVIEW It is often difficult for children to maintain their upright seating positions while performing cognitive tasks. Thus, it is imperative to understand the relationship that exists between cognitive tasks and postural seating positions to enable children carryout their tasks efficiently and effectively.
This study was therefore conducted among selected 4th-grade children in a Japanese elementary school. The objective of the study was to determine the muscle activity as well as body sway of children while performing cognitive tasks, arithmetic tasks precisely. While performing the arithmetic tasks, changes in muscle activities, as well as the center of pressure (COP), were recorded. It should be noted that electromyography was also recorded from the internal oblique and lumbor multifidus muscles whereas the COP was reported to have been measured with the use of a baropodometer that was placed on a stool.
Results from the findings nevertheless revealed that arithmetic tasks were not related to the EMG or COP changes in the children. It was therefore concluded that it was better to allow children to alter their seating postures when performing difficult tasks.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Go Igarashi, Chieko Karashima & Minoru Hoshiyama JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International PUBLISHER: John Wiley and Sons Ltd URL: www.wiley.com
| 3 | | R325.00 | |
| | Effects of Action Observational Training Plus Brain–Computer Interface-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation on Paretic Arm Motor Recovery in Patient with Stroke. | Effects of Action Observational Training Plus Brain–Computer Interface-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation on Paretic Arm Motor Recovery in Patient with Stroke.
Effects of Action Observational Training Plus Brain–Computer Interface-Based Functional Electrical Stimulation on Paretic Arm Motor Recovery in Patient with Stroke.
OVERVIEW There are many ongoing studies that are related to mental practices in the stroke rehabilitation field. To this effect, many approaches based on the mirror neuron system have been proposed as a supplementation to stroke rehabilitation. Thus, aim of this study was to investigate whether action observational training (AOT) plus brain–computer interface-based functional electrical stimulation (BCI-FES) has a positive influence on motor recovery of paretic upper extremity in patients with stroke.
During this hospital-based, randomized controlled trial with a blinded assessor, 30 patients with a first-time stroke were randomly allocated to one of two groups. The groups were either BCI-FES group or the control group. It is important to mention that the BCI-FES group administered to AOT plus BCI-FES on the paretic upper extremity five times per week for 4 weeks while both groups received conventional therapy. The primary outcomes of this research included the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity, Motor Activity Log (MAL), Modified Barthel Index and range of motion of paretic arm.
After this research, it was revealed that the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity sub-items (total, shoulder and wrist), MAL (MAL-Activity of Use and Quality of Movement), Modified Barthel Index and wrist flexion range of motion were significantly higher in the BCI-FES group.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: TaeHoon Kim, SeongSik Kim & ByoungHee Lee JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International PUBLISHER: John Wiley & Sons URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com
| 3 | | R325.00 | |
| | Empowered to Play: A Case Study Describing the Impact of Powered Mobility on the Exploratory Play of Disabled Children. | Empowered to Play: A Case Study Describing the Impact of Powered Mobility on the Exploratory Play of Disabled Children.
Empowered to Play: A Case Study Describing the Impact of Powered Mobility on the Exploratory Play of Disabled Children.
OVERVIEW Play is one of the most significant activities, as well as the primary occupation of childhood. Play is equally a deeply fulfilling occupation especially when it is spontaneously initiated by the child. The objective of this qualitative study was therefore to investigate the impact of powered mobility on the exploratory play of two children with physical disabilities.
Data for this study was collected from the children, their parents and their siblings through participant observation and in-depth, informal interviews. Findings from this study however suggests that the provision of powered mobility is a key contributor promoting the participation of physically disabled children in exploratory play. This study was however limited because data was only confined to two months thereby affecting the depth of data gained that prolonged engagement would have offered.
This study therefore recommends for occupational therapy practice that occupational therapists advocate for easier access to powered mobility through governmental and policy means. The stud was concluded that further research needs to be conducted on the experiences of the caregivers on how these powered mobility devices have influenced their day-to-day occupations.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Amshuda Sonda & Pam Gretschel JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International PUBLISHER: John Wiley & Sons URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com
| 3 | | R330.00 | |
| | Evaluating intervention using time aids in children with disabilities. | Evaluating intervention using time aids in children with disabilities.
Evaluating intervention using time aids in children with disabilities.
OVERVIEW Nowadays, children with difficulties in managing time in everyday life are at risk of delayed development of time-processing skills compared with their same-aged peers. Thus, Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been reported to exhibit problems in time perception/time sense as compared with typically developing children.
The objective of this study was to evaluate complex intervention using time aids for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities who exhibit limitations in daily time management. The participants of this study were children aged between 6-11 who were suffering from conditions such as ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, mild or moderate intellectual disability, spina bifida, and cerebral palsy. This study equally used a Randomized Block and Waiting List control group design, with 25 children allocated to control and 22 to intervention group.
Results from this study indicated that Children in both groups gained significantly in time-processing ability between the first and second data collection, meanwhile the children in the intervention group improved time-processing ability significantly more than controls.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Gunnel Janeslätt, Anders Kottorp & Mats Granlund JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis online URL: http://www.tandfonline.com
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Exploring the Nature of the Intention, Meaning and Perception Process of the Neuro-occupation Model to Understand Adaptation to Change. | Exploring the Nature of the Intention, Meaning and Perception Process of the Neuro-occupation Model to Understand Adaptation to Change.
Exploring the Nature of the Intention, Meaning and Perception Process of the Neuro-occupation Model to Understand Adaptation to Change.
OVERVIEW The human condition is completely individualized and unpredictable since change does not follow a linear path. However, the theoretical model of neuro-occupation, intention, meaning and perception, sought to describe the symbiotic relationship between occupation and the brain, as a chaotic, self-organized, complex system. It is apparent that lack of evidence has also limited its applicability to practice.
The aim of this study was to track the postulates of the model within the daily experiences of subjects. Thus, a qualitative multiple case- study design, typically used for testing models was used for content analysis. During the study, an underpinning principle of the model, defined a circular causality feedback process, which was confirmed as described through tracing the repetitive processes within the lived experience of two Iranian men.
The results from this study however suggested that continual adaptation occurred in lives interrupted by cerebrovascular accident, which enabled the subjects to return to expression of meaning through purposeful occupation and continually re-shaped their perceptions.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Seyed Alireza Derakhshanrad, Emily Piven, Seyed Ali Hosseini Farahnaz Mohammadi Shahboulaghi, Homer Nazeran & Mehdi Rassafiani JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International PUBLISHER: John Willey & Sons Limited URL: http://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com
| 3 | | R325.00 | |
| | Hearing Loss in Workers Exposed to Epoxy Adhesives and Noise. | Hearing Loss in Workers Exposed to Epoxy Adhesives and Noise.
Hearing Loss in Workers Exposed to Epoxy Adhesives and Noise.
OVERVIEW
Organic solvents are heavily used in industries and there are evidences that exposure to organic solvents has hazardous effects on hearing. Yet, the effects of organic solvents on hearing are difficult to evaluate. The reason is that workers are usually exposed to a mixture of solvents with widely varying compositions and concentrations. However, the objective of this cross-sectional study was thus to investigate the risk of hearing loss among workers exposed to epoxy adhesives and noise.
During the study, 182 stone workers who were exposed to both epoxy adhesives and noise were recruited. Other participants of the study composed of 89 stone workers who were exposed to noise only, and 43 workers from the administrative staff who had not been exposed to adhesives or noise. The demographic data, occupational history as well as the medical history of participants were obtained through face to-face interviews, arranged physical examinations as well as through pure-tone audiometric tests.
Results from the study however indicated that epoxy adhesives exacerbate hearing impairment in noisy environments, with the main impacts occurring in the middle and high frequencies.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Hsiao-Yu Yang, Ruei-Hao Shie, Pau-Chung Chen JOURNAL: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health PUBLISHER: BMJ Open Group URL: http://www.group.bmj.com
| 3 | | R335.00 | |
| | Interventions aimed at improving the ability to use everyday technology in work after brain injury. | Interventions aimed at improving the ability to use everyday technology in work after brain injury.
Interventions aimed at improving the ability to use everyday technology in work after brain injury.
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to explore and describe how client-centred occupational therapy interventions may support and improve the ability to use everyday technology (ET) in work tasks in people with acquired brain injury (ABI). Method: A qualitative, descriptive multiple-case study was designed, and occupation-based interventions were provided to three working-age participants with ABI. Multiple sources were used to collect data throughout the three intervention processes, including assessments, field notes, and interviews. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Management of Everyday Technology Assessment were administered before the interventions, after the interventions and at a follow-up session 2–3 months subsequent to the interventions. Results: The three intervention processes initially consisted of similar actions, but subsequently the actions took on a different focus and intensity for each case. All of the goals in each of the three case processes were achieved, and both perceived and observed abilities to use ET in work tasks improved. Conclusions: Client-centred occupational therapy interventions might have the potential to improve the ability to use ET in work tasks in people with ABI. OVERVIEW
There is currently an increased use of everyday technology (ET), such as coffee machines, mobile phones, and computers because of the development of an information society.
The aim of this study was to explore and describe how client-centred occupational therapy interventions may support and improve the ability to use everyday technology (ET) in work tasks in people with acquired brain injury (ABI). During this research, a qualitative, descriptive multiple-case study was designed, and occupation-based interventions were provided to three working-age participants with ABI. Multiple sources including assessments, field notes, and interviews were used to collect data throughout the three intervention processes. It is worth men toning that The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Management of Everyday Technology Assessment were administered both before and after the interventions as well as at a follow-up session 2–3 months after the interventions.
The results of this study revealed that the three intervention processes initially consisted of similar actions, but subsequently the actions took on a different focus and intensity for each case. It was therefore concluded that client-centred occupational therapy interventions might have the potential to improve the ability to use ET in work tasks in people with ABI.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Ann-Charlotte Kassberg, Maria Prellwitz, Camilla Malinowsky & Maria Larsson-Lund JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis URL: http://taylorandfrancis.com
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Leisure-Activity Participation to Prevent Later Life Cognitive Decline. | Leisure-Activity Participation to Prevent Later Life Cognitive Decline.
Leisure-Activity Participation to Prevent Later Life Cognitive Decline.
OVERVIEW
Leisure activity has a role to play in preventing later cognitive life decline. As a matter of fact, the prevention of cognitive decline within the spectrum of normal ageing to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitive impairment with dementia among the elderly has become largely acknowledged as a major public health issue worldwide. This study was therefore carried out following PRISMA guidelines in order to achieve a systematic review. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine many peer review empirical research publications that focused on leisure activity, cognitive decline as well as its prevention. In terms of the research method, 52 articles published between the years 2000 and 2011were searched from reputable databases. Some of the articles were obtained from PubMed/Medline reSEARCH, CINHAL, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, PsychoINFO, ERIC Proquest, the Cochrane library, as well as PsycARTICLES databasis. Results from the study nevertheless supports the conception that participating in leisure activities could significantly prevent dementia. The results were however interpreted using the Human Occupation Model that focuses on key factors which have been identified to have a link between participation in leisure activities and the prevention of dementia.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Mandana Fallahpour, Lena Borell Mark Luborsky, and Louise Nygard JOURNAL: Scandanavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor & Francis Group URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2015.1102320
| 3 | | R395.00 | |
| | Occupational science: An important contributor to occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning | Occupational science: An important contributor to occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning
Occupational science: An important contributor to occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning
Overview
Occupational science has a strong influence in the theoretical as well as research based knowledge within occupational therapy. More so, various studies have revealed that the contributions from occupational science are also reflected in clinical reasoning which is a key occupational therapy competence. Clinical reasoning is also considered as an important element of health professional practice as it provides a link between research and practice.
The purpose of this research is for occupational therapists to strive hard to develop their knowledge of occupational science literature and clinical reasoning competence. Thus, the objective of this research is therefore to debate and discuss ways in which occupational science could contribute even further to occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning and inform the occupational therapy curriculum.
After analyzing different point of views of various occupational therapist, it was concluded that more research on the meanings of occupations is important for occupational therapy as a health care profession. It was equally recommended that the subsequent researches should include explorations of the relationship between occupation and development, how occupation changes over the lifespan, how people organize and engage in their daily occupations, as well as the personal and sociocultural meanings of occupation.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Hanne Kaae Kristensen & Kirsten Schultz Petersen JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHERS: Tylor & Francis Group URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2015.1083054
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Occupational Therapy and Sexual and Reproductive Health Promotion in Adolescence: A Case Study. | Occupational Therapy and Sexual and Reproductive Health Promotion in Adolescence: A Case Study.
Occupational Therapy and Sexual and Reproductive Health Promotion in Adolescence: A Case Study.
OVERVIEW
In recent years in Brazil, occupational therapy has increasingly approached the field of health promotion. Thus, the occupational therapists are confronted with different demands especially concerning the adolescent public.
The purpose of this study was therefore to describe an occupational therapy intervention aimed at sexual and reproductive health promotion in adolescents. Fifty-eight adolescents nonetheless participated in this study before, during and after the interventions. It is worth mentioning that during the study, educational activities such as puzzles, storytelling, mime and board game which had been constructed by occupational therapy faculty and students were used. The games were employed as mediators for gaining knowledge in sexual and reproductive health. Data for this study was collected through questionnaire, audio recordings and field diaries meanwhile it was analysed by descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis.
The results nevertheless showed the adolescents’ increased knowledge of sexual and reproductive health information immediately after the intervention.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR: Gontijo DT, de Sena e Vasconcelos AC, Monteiro RJ, Facundes VL, Trajano Mde, de Lima LS JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International PUBLISHER: Wiley Online URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com
| 3 | | R375.00 | |
| | Performance or activities of daily living among hospitalised cancer patients. | Performance or activities of daily living among hospitalised cancer patients.
Performance or activities of daily living among hospitalised cancer patients.
OVERVIEW
It has been revealed that digital radiography encompasses both computed It is evident that problems with performance of activities of daily living (ADL) tasks have an impact on patients’ quality of life as well as their ability to stay independent. Many researches have nonetheless documented that rehabilitation is needed when cancer patients experience decreased ability to perform ADL.
Although rehabilitation may include activities of daily living (ADL) tasks, very little is still known about how cancer patients perform these tasks and how they prioritize their daily activities. The objective of this study was therefore to identify and characterize ADL task performance problems among a group of adult disabled hospitalized cancer patients using interview and questionnaire. This Cross-sectional study on prevalence of ADL task performance problems experienced by disabled hospitalized cancer patients was carried out using the Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.
The results of this study indicated that all 118 patients reported problems with ADL task performance.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR: Line Lindhal-Jacobsen, Dorte Gilsa Hansen, Eva Ejlersen Waehrens, Karen La Cour & Jens Sondergaard JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Online URL: http://www.tandfonline.com
| 3 | | R475.00 | |
| | Practice Issues. | Practice Issues.
OVERVIEW
It is important to note that the responses to the various questions are the views independently expressed and are not necessarily opinions shared by cpdexpress.co.za. As matters involving Ethics and the law are subject to interpretation, the responses cannot, in any way, be regarded as binding or necessarily endorsed by the regulatory authorities.
There are ethical dilemmas regarding patients, colleagues and associates that one doesn’t even consider until they become issues in their practice. There are many questions to be asked regarding ethics, touting, canvassing, advertising, competition and many other issues that need to be addressed and this article addresses most of them.
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Private Practice: The Do's And Don'ts. | Private Practice: The Do's And Don'ts.
Private Practice: The Do's And Don'ts.
OVERVIEW
You have studied extensively to become a healthcare professional in your field of study. You have learned and become adept at identifying a vast range of conditions. You can diagnose and effectively treat those conditions within the scope of the discipline.
Now you are faced with a plethora of dilemmas. What is fair value for your services? What appliances are appropriate and reasonable? What commercial and legal structures are appropriate for you? What influence may these commercial and legal structures have on your clinical recommendations? Who may have access to your record cards? What responsibility can you delegate to your staff? Who carries final responsibility for payment of your claims – member or medical aid? What constitutes anti-competitive behavior?
This is a very informative article that will help you to run your practice within the various guidelines.
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Relationship between Quantified Instrumental Swallowing Examination and Comprehensive Clinical Swallowing Examination. | Relationship between Quantified Instrumental Swallowing Examination and Comprehensive Clinical Swallowing Examination.
Relationship between Quantified Instrumental Swallowing Examination and Comprehensive Clinical Swallowing Examination.
OVERVIEW
Clinical swallowing examination (CSE) is used in evaluating whether a subject has dysphagia. However, it also includes various clinical methods such as recording the history of the subject’s swallowing difficulty; observing the anatomical structures of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx; testing sensory and motor functions, behaviour, level of consciousness and speech language ability; and performing a swallowing trial.
Nevertheless, the objective of this study was to identify the correlation between the Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MASA) and the Videofluoroscopic Dysphagia Scale (VDS) to investigate the applicability of the MASA as a follow-up test of swallowing function. Criterion validity was assessed for MASA results versus VDS scores of tests administered to 54 patients who had a stroke and dysphagia. The results of this study indicated that there was a significant correlation between the MASA and the VDS (correlation coefficient =_0.509).
The results from this study further indicated that the MASA holds adequate clinical test–re-test and inter-rater reliabilities and criterion validity for measuring the swallowing abilities of Korean patients who had a stroke and dysphagia.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Jong-Chi Oh, Ji-Hyuk Park, Min-Ye Jung, Eun-Young Yoo, Ki-Yeon Chang & Teak-Young Lee JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International PUBLISHER: Wiley URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com
| 3 | | R355.00 | |
| | Rewarding yet demanding: client perspectives on enabling occupations during early stages of recovery from Schizophrenia. | Rewarding yet demanding: client perspectives on enabling occupations during early stages of recovery from Schizophrenia.
Rewarding yet demanding: client perspectives on enabling occupations during early stages of recovery from Schizophrenia.
OVERVIEW
Schizophrenia is known to be a severe mental illness that is characterized by psychotic symptoms, negative symptoms such as apathy and anhedonia, as well as impaired cognitive functioning. Schizophrenia can also result to significant risk of impaired functioning in areas such as self-care, independent living skills, social relationships, work, and going to school.
The aim of this study was therefore to seek a better understanding of how people with schizophrenia experience an occupational therapy intervention designed to enable them to carry out meaningful occupations in the early phases of recovery. The methodology of this research was a qualitative design that comprised of an eight-week client-centred occupational therapy intervention with semi-structured interviews of five of the six clients out of 10 who completed the intervention. It is imperative to acknowledge that Braun and Clark’s thematic analysis was applied to the transcripts.
Results from this study indicated that participants valued engaging in real-life occupations while anchoring new strategies.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: S.T.B. Bjørkedal, A.M.B. Torsting and T. Møller JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis URL: http://www.tandfonline.com
| 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | Using coloured filters to reduce the symptoms of visual stress in children with reading delay. | Using coloured filters to reduce the symptoms of visual stress in children with reading delay.
Using coloured filters to reduce the symptoms of visual stress in children with reading delay.
OVERVIEW Meares-Irlen Syndrome (MIS), which is also known as “visual stress” is one of the key visual causes of reading difficulties in children. Some of its symptoms include letters appearing to be blur, move around or go double, glare, as well as headaches.
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two coloured-filter systems on the symptoms of visual stress in children with reading delay. The method used in carrying out this study was a pre-test, post-test, as well as a randomized head-to-head comparison of two filter systems on the symptoms of visual stress in school children. Hence, 68 UK mainstream school children with significant impairment in reading ability participated in this study. Results of this study however indicated that filter systems appeared to have a large effect on the reported symptoms between pre-and post-three-month time points.
Results from this study further indicated that reduction in symptoms, which appeared to be brought about using coloured filters, eased the visual discomfort experienced by these children when reading.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Priscilla Harries, Roger Hall, Nicola Ray and John Stein JOURNAL: The Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis URL: http://www.tandfonline.com
| 3 | | R375.00 | |