Courses related to Occupational Therapy (OT) - CPDExpress

Courses Directly related to Occupational Therapy (OT)

Title	Title	CEUs	Price
Autism Spectrum Screening Checklist (ASSC): The Development of a Scale to Identify High-Risk Individuals within the Children’s Mental Health System Autism Spectrum Screening Checklist (ASSC): The Development of a Scale to Identify High-Risk Individuals within the Children’s Mental Health System Overview Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex childhood onset neurodevelopmental disorder that has become the fastest growing developmental disability. Due to the increased demand for diagnostic assessments and subsequent increased wait times, standardized screening as part of regular clinical practice is needed. More specifically there is an important need for the development of a more streamlined screening tool within an existing assessment system to identify those at greatest risk of having ASD. The ASSC scale provides an initial screen to help identify children and youth at heightened risk for autism within larger populations being assessed as part of routine practice. The main goal for the development and implementation of the ASSC scale is to harness the power of the existing interRAl assessment system to provide a more efficient, effective screening and referral process. This will ultimately help improve patient outcomes through needs-based care. Journal Frontiers in Psychiatry Volume 12	Autism Spectrum Screening Checklist (ASSC): The Development of a Scale to Identify High-Risk Individuals within the Children’s Mental Health System Course Detail Autism Spectrum Screening Checklist (ASSC): The Development of a Scale to Identify High-Risk Individuals within the Children’s Mental Health System R495.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex childhood onset neurodevelopmental disorder that has become the fastest growing developmental disability. Due to the increased demand for diagnostic assessments and subsequent increased wait times, standardized screening as part of regular clinical practice is needed. More specifically there is an important need for the development of a more streamlined screening tool within an existing assessment system to identify those at greatest risk of having ASD. The ASSC scale provides an initial screen to help identify children and youth at heightened risk for autism within larger populations being assessed as part of routine practice. The main goal for the development and implementation of the ASSC scale is to harness the power of the existing interRAl assessment system to provide a more efficient, effective screening and referral process. This will ultimately help improve patient outcomes through needs-based care. Journal Frontiers in Psychiatry Volume 12	3	R495.00
Learning Disabilities Elevate Children’s Risk for Behavioral-Emotional Problems Learning Disabilities Elevate Children’s Risk for Behavioral-Emotional Problems Overview Our purpose was to study the frequency of behavioural-emotional problems among children identified with a learning disability (LD). The study analysed the effect of the severity of LD and gender on the number of behavioural-emotional symptoms reported by teachers and parents. Alarmingly high percentages of children, irrespective of LD type, demonstrated behavioural-emotional problems: more than 37% in Affective, Anxiety, and Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) problems. Contextual variation was large, as more problems were reported by teachers than by mothers. The unique effects of gender and LD type were rare, but the results raised concern for those with MD-only, especially boys. The results underscore the need to draw attention to the importance of assessing children with LD for behavioural-emotional problems and emphasize the importance of teachers’ awareness of behavioural-emotional problems among students with LD and cooperation among child, teacher, and parents in assessment and support planning. Journal: Journal of learning Disabilities 2022 Volume 55 Issue 6	Learning Disabilities Elevate Children’s Risk for Behavioral-Emotional Problems Course Detail Learning Disabilities Elevate Children’s Risk for Behavioral-Emotional Problems R480.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Our purpose was to study the frequency of behavioural-emotional problems among children identified with a learning disability (LD). The study analysed the effect of the severity of LD and gender on the number of behavioural-emotional symptoms reported by teachers and parents. Alarmingly high percentages of children, irrespective of LD type, demonstrated behavioural-emotional problems: more than 37% in Affective, Anxiety, and Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) problems. Contextual variation was large, as more problems were reported by teachers than by mothers. The unique effects of gender and LD type were rare, but the results raised concern for those with MD-only, especially boys. The results underscore the need to draw attention to the importance of assessing children with LD for behavioural-emotional problems and emphasize the importance of teachers’ awareness of behavioural-emotional problems among students with LD and cooperation among child, teacher, and parents in assessment and support planning. Journal: Journal of learning Disabilities 2022 Volume 55 Issue 6	3	R480.00
Expression beyond Words: An Analysis of Human Figure Drawing of Children and Adolescents with ADHD Expression beyond Words: An Analysis of Human Figure Drawing of Children and Adolescents with ADHD Overview Children’s' drawing are good indicators of emotion, self- esteem and social competence, as well as other personality aspects. Children in the phase of development, express their emotions more through images or drawings instead of words (Catte & Cox, 1999). The current study aims to explore emotional indicators in the drawings of children and adolescents with ADHD. More specifically, the objective of the investigation is to determine if there are gender and age –wise differences in emotional wellbeing. Human figure drawing of 52 children and adolescents were analysed according to 5-category emotional problems The emotional problems were characterized as impulsivity, insecurity-inadequacy, shyness-timidity, anxiety and anger- aggressiveness. Emotional indicators amongst each category were analysed to find if they were linked to gender and age groups. Chi-Square analysis showed gender differences within the emotional indicators; boys who participated in this study manifested more anger related issues than girls, whereas girls showed more traits of shyness. The findings suggested emotional wellbeing of children with ADHD increases with age, additionally while girls remain timidly shy, and boys retain aggressiveness. The findings have important implications for clinical and educational psychology.	Expression beyond Words: An Analysis of Human Figure Drawing of Children and Adolescents with ADHD Course Detail Expression beyond Words: An Analysis of Human Figure Drawing of Children and Adolescents with ADHD R440.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Children’s' drawing are good indicators of emotion, self- esteem and social competence, as well as other personality aspects. Children in the phase of development, express their emotions more through images or drawings instead of words (Catte & Cox, 1999). The current study aims to explore emotional indicators in the drawings of children and adolescents with ADHD. More specifically, the objective of the investigation is to determine if there are gender and age –wise differences in emotional wellbeing. Human figure drawing of 52 children and adolescents were analysed according to 5-category emotional problems The emotional problems were characterized as impulsivity, insecurity-inadequacy, shyness-timidity, anxiety and anger- aggressiveness. Emotional indicators amongst each category were analysed to find if they were linked to gender and age groups. Chi-Square analysis showed gender differences within the emotional indicators; boys who participated in this study manifested more anger related issues than girls, whereas girls showed more traits of shyness. The findings suggested emotional wellbeing of children with ADHD increases with age, additionally while girls remain timidly shy, and boys retain aggressiveness. The findings have important implications for clinical and educational psychology.	3	R440.00
Five-Minute Cognitive Test as A New Quick Screning of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly Five-Minute Cognitive Test as A New Quick Screning of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly Overview As old population is dramatically growing, the detection of early cognitive deficit will become increasingly crucial. Effective cognitive screening test with quick and convenient merits will ensure recognition of early cognitive deficit and timely intervention. This study aims to develop a new evaluation method for quickly and conveniently screening cognitive impairment in the elderly. The five-minute cognitive test (FCT) was designed to capture deficits in five domains of cognitive abilities, including episodic memory, language fluency, time orientation, visuospatial function, and executive function. Subsequently, FCT efficiencies in differentiating normally cognitive ability from cognitive impairment were explored and compared with that of the Mini-Mental Status Evaluation (MMSE). Equipercentile equating method was utilized to create a crosswalk between scores of the FCT and MMSE. Further, the association of scores of the FCT and MMSE with hippocampal volumes was investigated. Many screening tools are currently available, but no tools meet the four important requirements for widespread use in clinical practice or large-scale epidemiological studies — that is, capture a clinically acceptable range of cognitive domains, take short time to administrate (around 5 minutes), have high accuracy for detecting cognitive impairment, and incorporate visual recall, which is the earliest deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. The FCT is a novel, reliable, and valid cognitive screening test for the detection of dementia at early stages. Journal JKL International LLC Aging and Disease Volume 10, Number 6 URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6844584/pdf/ad-10-6-1258.pdf	Five-Minute Cognitive Test as A New Quick Screning of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly Course Detail Five-Minute Cognitive Test as A New Quick Screning of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly R425.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview As old population is dramatically growing, the detection of early cognitive deficit will become increasingly crucial. Effective cognitive screening test with quick and convenient merits will ensure recognition of early cognitive deficit and timely intervention. This study aims to develop a new evaluation method for quickly and conveniently screening cognitive impairment in the elderly. The five-minute cognitive test (FCT) was designed to capture deficits in five domains of cognitive abilities, including episodic memory, language fluency, time orientation, visuospatial function, and executive function. Subsequently, FCT efficiencies in differentiating normally cognitive ability from cognitive impairment were explored and compared with that of the Mini-Mental Status Evaluation (MMSE). Equipercentile equating method was utilized to create a crosswalk between scores of the FCT and MMSE. Further, the association of scores of the FCT and MMSE with hippocampal volumes was investigated. Many screening tools are currently available, but no tools meet the four important requirements for widespread use in clinical practice or large-scale epidemiological studies — that is, capture a clinically acceptable range of cognitive domains, take short time to administrate (around 5 minutes), have high accuracy for detecting cognitive impairment, and incorporate visual recall, which is the earliest deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. The FCT is a novel, reliable, and valid cognitive screening test for the detection of dementia at early stages. Journal JKL International LLC Aging and Disease Volume 10, Number 6 URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6844584/pdf/ad-10-6-1258.pdf	3	R425.00
Effects of Deep Cervical Flexor Training on Forward Head Posture, Neck Pain, and Functional Status in Adolescents Using Computers Regularly Effects of Deep Cervical Flexor Training on Forward Head Posture, Neck Pain, and Functional Status in Adolescents Using Computers Regularly Overview: Teaching is one of the professions where incidence and prevalence of neck pain is high. Prolonged use of computers, which has further increased due to online teaching amid pandemic, is known to cause neck pain and alter posture, while people with forward head posture (FHP) are prone to develop neck pain and related disability. Research has shown that impairment of deep cervical flexor (DCF) muscles leads to insufficiency in coordination, activation, overload, and poor support on cervical structures that further lead to development of neck pain and altered neck posture. The objective of this study was to see the effect of DCF muscle training using pressure biofeedback on pain and FHP in schoolteachers with neck pain. This observational study was conducted at medical center in school premises. Fifty-five schoolteachers aged between 25 and 40 years with experience of more than 5 years were invited to participate in this study. Pain and FHP were assessed using NPRS and cranio-vertebral angle using digital photograph technique, respectively, at baseline and end of four weeks of treatment. This study shows that although pain and FHP improved following conventional exercises in schoolteachers with neck pain, mean improvement was more significant among those who received additional DCF muscle training using pressure biofeedback. Acknowledgments: Authors: Ahmad H. Alghadir and Zaheen A. Iqbal Journal: BioMed Research International	Effects of Deep Cervical Flexor Training on Forward Head Posture, Neck Pain, and Functional Status in Adolescents Using Computers Regularly Course Detail Effects of Deep Cervical Flexor Training on Forward Head Posture, Neck Pain, and Functional Status in Adolescents Using Computers Regularly R460.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview: Teaching is one of the professions where incidence and prevalence of neck pain is high. Prolonged use of computers, which has further increased due to online teaching amid pandemic, is known to cause neck pain and alter posture, while people with forward head posture (FHP) are prone to develop neck pain and related disability. Research has shown that impairment of deep cervical flexor (DCF) muscles leads to insufficiency in coordination, activation, overload, and poor support on cervical structures that further lead to development of neck pain and altered neck posture. The objective of this study was to see the effect of DCF muscle training using pressure biofeedback on pain and FHP in schoolteachers with neck pain. This observational study was conducted at medical center in school premises. Fifty-five schoolteachers aged between 25 and 40 years with experience of more than 5 years were invited to participate in this study. Pain and FHP were assessed using NPRS and cranio-vertebral angle using digital photograph technique, respectively, at baseline and end of four weeks of treatment. This study shows that although pain and FHP improved following conventional exercises in schoolteachers with neck pain, mean improvement was more significant among those who received additional DCF muscle training using pressure biofeedback. Acknowledgments: Authors: Ahmad H. Alghadir and Zaheen A. Iqbal Journal: BioMed Research International	3	R460.00
HIV and Aids HIV and Aids Overview HIV disease is caused by infection with HIV-1 or HIV-2, which are retroviruses in the Retroviridae family, Lentivirus genus. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug paraphernalia, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), which can occur during the birth process or during breastfeeding. The patient with HIV may present with signs and symptoms of any of the stages of HIV infection. No physical findings are specific to HIV infection; the physical findings are those of the presenting infection or illness. Examples of manifestations include acute seroconversion manifests as a flulike illness, consisting of fever, malaise, generalized rash, generalized lymphadenopathy is common and may be a presenting symptom. This course covers the screening, diagnosis, medication and management of Aids. Author: Sharespike	HIV and Aids Course Detail HIV and Aids R425.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview HIV disease is caused by infection with HIV-1 or HIV-2, which are retroviruses in the Retroviridae family, Lentivirus genus. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug paraphernalia, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), which can occur during the birth process or during breastfeeding. The patient with HIV may present with signs and symptoms of any of the stages of HIV infection. No physical findings are specific to HIV infection; the physical findings are those of the presenting infection or illness. Examples of manifestations include acute seroconversion manifests as a flulike illness, consisting of fever, malaise, generalized rash, generalized lymphadenopathy is common and may be a presenting symptom. This course covers the screening, diagnosis, medication and management of Aids. Author: Sharespike	3	R425.00
Oral Health and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Unique Collaboration between Dentistry and Occupational Therapy Oral Health and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Unique Collaboration between Dentistry and Occupational Therapy Overview Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are at risk for oral health disparities. With the dramatic rise in ASD prevalence to 1 in 54 children, it is likely that an increasing number of dental practitioners will encounter or be asked to treat children with ASD. This paper reviews explanations related to the increasing prevalence of ASD, provides reasons why children with ASD are at increased risk for poor oral health, and discusses unique interprofessional collaborations between dental practitioners and occupational therapists. Occupational therapists and dentists can work together to plan modifications to the dental environment or adapt dental protocols to reduce some of the barriers encountered by those with ASD, provide desensitization strategies before the clinic visit, or help a child with emotional regulation during clinical treatments. Authors Dominique H. Como,Leah I. Stein Duker, José C. Polido and Sharon A. Cermak Journal Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health	Oral Health and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Unique Collaboration between Dentistry and Occupational Therapy Course Detail Oral Health and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Unique Collaboration between Dentistry and Occupational Therapy R425.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are at risk for oral health disparities. With the dramatic rise in ASD prevalence to 1 in 54 children, it is likely that an increasing number of dental practitioners will encounter or be asked to treat children with ASD. This paper reviews explanations related to the increasing prevalence of ASD, provides reasons why children with ASD are at increased risk for poor oral health, and discusses unique interprofessional collaborations between dental practitioners and occupational therapists. Occupational therapists and dentists can work together to plan modifications to the dental environment or adapt dental protocols to reduce some of the barriers encountered by those with ASD, provide desensitization strategies before the clinic visit, or help a child with emotional regulation during clinical treatments. Authors Dominique H. Como,Leah I. Stein Duker, José C. Polido and Sharon A. Cermak Journal Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health	3	R425.00
The Effects of a Recollection-Based Occupational Therapy Program of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial The Effects of a Recollection-Based Occupational Therapy Program of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial Overview: Considering the high socio-economic costs related to the increasing number of dementia patients and their poor quality of life and that of their families, it is important to identify the condition early on and provide an appropriate intervention. This study organized a recollection-based occupational therapy program: a nonpharmacological intervention consisting of five categories of activities (physical, horticultural, musical, art, and instrumental activity of daily living; IADL) and applied it to those having a mild stage of Alzheimer’s disease. The experimental group participated in a total of 24 sessions––five times per week for one hour per session––while the control group took part in regular activities offered by the existing facilities. The experimental group presented improved cognitive functions, reduced depression, and enhanced quality of life; the two groups showed a statistically significant difference in every category. This study is meaningful in that it made a cognitive stimulation program concerning five different categories, implemented it for people suffering mild dementia, and confirmed positive outcomes. If a systemic version of the program is offered in dementia care facilities, it is expected to make a considerable contribution to the care of dementia patients. Acknowledgements: Authors: DeokJu Kim Journal: Occupational Therapy International	The Effects of a Recollection-Based Occupational Therapy Program of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial Course Detail The Effects of a Recollection-Based Occupational Therapy Program of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial R435.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview: Considering the high socio-economic costs related to the increasing number of dementia patients and their poor quality of life and that of their families, it is important to identify the condition early on and provide an appropriate intervention. This study organized a recollection-based occupational therapy program: a nonpharmacological intervention consisting of five categories of activities (physical, horticultural, musical, art, and instrumental activity of daily living; IADL) and applied it to those having a mild stage of Alzheimer’s disease. The experimental group participated in a total of 24 sessions––five times per week for one hour per session––while the control group took part in regular activities offered by the existing facilities. The experimental group presented improved cognitive functions, reduced depression, and enhanced quality of life; the two groups showed a statistically significant difference in every category. This study is meaningful in that it made a cognitive stimulation program concerning five different categories, implemented it for people suffering mild dementia, and confirmed positive outcomes. If a systemic version of the program is offered in dementia care facilities, it is expected to make a considerable contribution to the care of dementia patients. Acknowledgements: Authors: DeokJu Kim Journal: Occupational Therapy International	3	R435.00
The Effect of Hearing Aid Use on Cognition in Older Adults: Can We Delay Decline or Even Improve Cognitive Function? The Effect of Hearing Aid Use on Cognition in Older Adults: Can We Delay Decline or Even Improve Cognitive Function? Overview: Hearing loss is a modifiable risk factor for dementia in older adults. Whether hearing aid use can delay the onset of cognitive decline is unknown. Participants in this study (aged 62–82 years) were assessed before and 18 months after hearing aid fitting on hearing, cognitive function, speech perception, quality of life, physical activity, loneliness, isolation, mood, and medical health. At baseline, multiple linear regression showed hearing loss and age predicted significantly poorer executive function performance, while tertiary education predicted significantly higher executive function and visual learning performance. At 18 months after hearing aid fitting, speech perception in quiet, self-reported listening disability and quality of life had significantly improved. Group mean scores across the cognitive test battery showed no significant decline, and executive function significantly improved. Authors: Julia Sarant, David Harris, Peter Busby, Paul Maru, Adrian Schembri, Ulrike Lemke and Stefan Launer Article: J. Clin. Med. 2020	The Effect of Hearing Aid Use on Cognition in Older Adults: Can We Delay Decline or Even Improve Cognitive Function? Course Detail The Effect of Hearing Aid Use on Cognition in Older Adults: Can We Delay Decline or Even Improve Cognitive Function? R380.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview: Hearing loss is a modifiable risk factor for dementia in older adults. Whether hearing aid use can delay the onset of cognitive decline is unknown. Participants in this study (aged 62–82 years) were assessed before and 18 months after hearing aid fitting on hearing, cognitive function, speech perception, quality of life, physical activity, loneliness, isolation, mood, and medical health. At baseline, multiple linear regression showed hearing loss and age predicted significantly poorer executive function performance, while tertiary education predicted significantly higher executive function and visual learning performance. At 18 months after hearing aid fitting, speech perception in quiet, self-reported listening disability and quality of life had significantly improved. Group mean scores across the cognitive test battery showed no significant decline, and executive function significantly improved. Authors: Julia Sarant, David Harris, Peter Busby, Paul Maru, Adrian Schembri, Ulrike Lemke and Stefan Launer Article: J. Clin. Med. 2020	3	R380.00
Functional Communication Profiles in Children with Cerebral Palsy in Relation to Gross Motor Function and Manual and Intellectual Ability Functional Communication Profiles in Children with Cerebral Palsy in Relation to Gross Motor Function and Manual and Intellectual Ability Overview The aim of the present study was to investigate communication function using classification systems and its association with other functional profiles, including gross motor function, manual ability, intellectual functioning, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that manual ability and intellectual functioning were significantly related with VSS and CFCS function, whereas only intellectual functioning was significantly related with SLPG functioning in children with CP. Communication function in children with a peri-ventricular white matter lesion (PVWL) varied widely. In the cases with a PVWL, poor functioning was more common on the SLPG, compared to the VSS and CFCS. Compared to the children with bilateral spastic CP, the children with dyskinetic CP had more severe gross motor impairment, although there were no statistical differences in communication function between groups. Very strong relationships were noted among three communication classification systems that are closely related with intellectual ability. Compared to gross motor function, manual ability seemed more closely related with communication function in these children. Acknowledgement Authors Ja Young Choi, Jieun Park, Yoon Seong Choi, Yu-ra Goh and Eun Sook Park Journal Yonsei Medical Journal	Functional Communication Profiles in Children with Cerebral Palsy in Relation to Gross Motor Function and Manual and Intellectual Ability Course Detail Functional Communication Profiles in Children with Cerebral Palsy in Relation to Gross Motor Function and Manual and Intellectual Ability R425.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview The aim of the present study was to investigate communication function using classification systems and its association with other functional profiles, including gross motor function, manual ability, intellectual functioning, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that manual ability and intellectual functioning were significantly related with VSS and CFCS function, whereas only intellectual functioning was significantly related with SLPG functioning in children with CP. Communication function in children with a peri-ventricular white matter lesion (PVWL) varied widely. In the cases with a PVWL, poor functioning was more common on the SLPG, compared to the VSS and CFCS. Compared to the children with bilateral spastic CP, the children with dyskinetic CP had more severe gross motor impairment, although there were no statistical differences in communication function between groups. Very strong relationships were noted among three communication classification systems that are closely related with intellectual ability. Compared to gross motor function, manual ability seemed more closely related with communication function in these children. Acknowledgement Authors Ja Young Choi, Jieun Park, Yoon Seong Choi, Yu-ra Goh and Eun Sook Park Journal Yonsei Medical Journal	3	R425.00
Efficacy of Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for the management of chronic pain in children and adolescents A systematic review and meta-analysis Efficacy of Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for the management of chronic pain in children and adolescents A systematic review and meta-analysis Overview Paediatric chronic pain is relatively common in the world. Although cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been shown to be efficacious in children and adolescents, it is generally recognized that availability and accessibility of CBT are limited. However, Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy (ICBT) performs better in these areas. This systematic review aims to evaluate the clinical effects of ICBT for chronic pain in youth when compared with the control treatments. We searched electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials that compared ICBT with the control therapy for paediatric chronic pain. The primary outcomes were 95% confidence intervals and mean difference or standardized mean difference in change of pain intensity and activity limitations. Four trials met the inclusion criteria with a total of 404 participants of whom 208 received ICBT. Compared with pre-treatment, children reported significant, medium to large benefits on pain intensity, activity limitations, and parental protective behaviours after receiving ICBT immediately. ICBT for physical and psychological conditions in youth with chronic pain is a full potential therapy; it can be successful on clinically effects and socioeconomic benefits. Acknowledgement Author Wen-Xin Tang, Lu-Feng Zhang, Yan-Qiu Ai and Zhi-Song Li Journal Medicine (Baltimore). Publisher Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.	Efficacy of Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for the management of chronic pain in children and adolescents A systematic review and meta-analysis Course Detail Efficacy of Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for the management of chronic pain in children and adolescents A systematic review and meta-analysis R390.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Paediatric chronic pain is relatively common in the world. Although cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been shown to be efficacious in children and adolescents, it is generally recognized that availability and accessibility of CBT are limited. However, Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy (ICBT) performs better in these areas. This systematic review aims to evaluate the clinical effects of ICBT for chronic pain in youth when compared with the control treatments. We searched electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials that compared ICBT with the control therapy for paediatric chronic pain. The primary outcomes were 95% confidence intervals and mean difference or standardized mean difference in change of pain intensity and activity limitations. Four trials met the inclusion criteria with a total of 404 participants of whom 208 received ICBT. Compared with pre-treatment, children reported significant, medium to large benefits on pain intensity, activity limitations, and parental protective behaviours after receiving ICBT immediately. ICBT for physical and psychological conditions in youth with chronic pain is a full potential therapy; it can be successful on clinically effects and socioeconomic benefits. Acknowledgement Author Wen-Xin Tang, Lu-Feng Zhang, Yan-Qiu Ai and Zhi-Song Li Journal Medicine (Baltimore). Publisher Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.	3	R390.00
Early Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Under 3 Years of Age: Recommendations for Practice and Research. Early Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Under 3 Years of Age: Recommendations for Practice and Research. Overview This article reviews current evidence for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) interventions for children aged <3 years, based on peer-reviewed articles published up to December 2013. Several groups have adapted treatments initially designed for older, preschool-aged children with ASD, integrating best practice in behavioural teaching methods into a developmental framework based on current scientific understanding of how infants and toddlers learn. The central role of parents has been emphasized and facilitating the generalization of skills beyond the familiar home setting. Our review identified several comprehensive and targeted treatment models with evidence of clear benefits. Although some trials were limited to 8- to 12-week outcome data, enhanced outcomes associated with some interventions were evaluated over periods as long as 2 years. Based on this review, recommendations are proposed for clinical practice and future research. Acknowledgement: Authors: Zwaigenbaum L, Bauman ML, Choueiri R, Kasari C, Carter A, Granpeesheh D, Mailloux Z, Smith Roley S, Wagner S, Fein D, Pierce K, Buie T, Davis PA, Newschaffer C, Robins D, Wetherby A, Stone WL, Yirmiya N, Estes A, Hansen RL, McPartland JC, Natowicz MR Journal: Pediatrics. Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics	Early Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Under 3 Years of Age: Recommendations for Practice and Research. Course Detail Early Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Under 3 Years of Age: Recommendations for Practice and Research. R465.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview This article reviews current evidence for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) interventions for children aged <3 years, based on peer-reviewed articles published up to December 2013. Several groups have adapted treatments initially designed for older, preschool-aged children with ASD, integrating best practice in behavioural teaching methods into a developmental framework based on current scientific understanding of how infants and toddlers learn. The central role of parents has been emphasized and facilitating the generalization of skills beyond the familiar home setting. Our review identified several comprehensive and targeted treatment models with evidence of clear benefits. Although some trials were limited to 8- to 12-week outcome data, enhanced outcomes associated with some interventions were evaluated over periods as long as 2 years. Based on this review, recommendations are proposed for clinical practice and future research. Acknowledgement: Authors: Zwaigenbaum L, Bauman ML, Choueiri R, Kasari C, Carter A, Granpeesheh D, Mailloux Z, Smith Roley S, Wagner S, Fein D, Pierce K, Buie T, Davis PA, Newschaffer C, Robins D, Wetherby A, Stone WL, Yirmiya N, Estes A, Hansen RL, McPartland JC, Natowicz MR Journal: Pediatrics. Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics	3	R465.00
Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial Overview There is mounting evidence that aerobic exercise has a positive effect on cognitive functions in older adults. The present study used magnetic resonance spectroscopy and quantitative MRI to systematically explore the effects of physical activity on human brain metabolism and grey matter (GM) volume in healthy aging. The main outcomes were the change in cerebral metabolism and its association to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels as well as changes in GM volume. We found that cerebral choline concentrations remained stable after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise in the intervention group, whereas they increased in the waiting control group. No effect of training was seen on cerebral N-acetylaspartate concentrations, nor on markers of neuronal energy reserve or BDNF levels. Further, we observed no change in cortical GM volume in response to aerobic exercise. The finding of stable choline concentrations in the intervention group over the 3 month period might indicate a neuro-protective effect of aerobic exercise. Choline might constitute a valid marker for an effect of aerobic exercise on cerebral metabolism in healthy aging. Acknowledgement S Matura, J Fleckenstein, R Deichmann, T Engeroff, E Füzéki, E Hattingen, R Hellweg, B Lienerth, U Pilatus, S Schwarz, VA Tesky, L Vogt, W Banzer and J Pantel. Journal Nature Translational Psychiatry (2017) 7, e1172 Publisher Unknown Creative Commons, Open Access doi:10.1038/tp.2017.135 URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5538117/pdf/tp2017135a.pdf	Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial Course Detail Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial R445.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial Overview There is mounting evidence that aerobic exercise has a positive effect on cognitive functions in older adults. The present study used magnetic resonance spectroscopy and quantitative MRI to systematically explore the effects of physical activity on human brain metabolism and grey matter (GM) volume in healthy aging. The main outcomes were the change in cerebral metabolism and its association to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels as well as changes in GM volume. We found that cerebral choline concentrations remained stable after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise in the intervention group, whereas they increased in the waiting control group. No effect of training was seen on cerebral N-acetylaspartate concentrations, nor on markers of neuronal energy reserve or BDNF levels. Further, we observed no change in cortical GM volume in response to aerobic exercise. The finding of stable choline concentrations in the intervention group over the 3 month period might indicate a neuro-protective effect of aerobic exercise. Choline might constitute a valid marker for an effect of aerobic exercise on cerebral metabolism in healthy aging. Acknowledgement S Matura, J Fleckenstein, R Deichmann, T Engeroff, E Füzéki, E Hattingen, R Hellweg, B Lienerth, U Pilatus, S Schwarz, VA Tesky, L Vogt, W Banzer and J Pantel. Journal Nature Translational Psychiatry (2017) 7, e1172 Publisher Unknown Creative Commons, Open Access doi:10.1038/tp.2017.135 URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5538117/pdf/tp2017135a.pdf	3	R445.00
Pediatric multiple sclerosis: current perspectives on health behaviours Pediatric multiple sclerosis: current perspectives on health behaviours Pediatric multiple sclerosis: current perspectives on health behaviours Overview Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) accounts for -5% of all multiple sclerosis cases, and has a prevalence of -10,000 children in the USA. POMS is associated with a higher relapse rate, and results in irreversible disability on average 10 years earlier than adult-onset multiple sclerosis. Other manifestations of POMS include mental and physical fatigue, cognitive impairment, and depression. Health behaviours of physical activity, diet, and sleep may have potential benefits in POMS, and present a scoping review of the existing literature. Physical activity participation was associated with reduced relapse rate, disease burden, and sleep/rest fatigue symptoms. Nutritional factors, particularly vitamin D intake, may be associated with relapse rate. Obesity has been associated with increased risk of developing POMS. POMS is associated with better sleep hygiene, and this may benefit fatigue and quality of life. Participation in health behaviours, particularly physical activity, diet, and sleep, may have benefits for POMS. Nevertheless, there are currently no interventions targeting promotion of these behaviours and examining the benefits of managing the primary and secondary manifestations of POMS. Acknowledgement Author Elizabeth Morghen Sikes, Robert W Motl , Jayne M Ness Journal Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics 2018:9 17–25 Publisher Dovepress	Pediatric multiple sclerosis: current perspectives on health behaviours Course Detail Pediatric multiple sclerosis: current perspectives on health behaviours R450.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Pediatric multiple sclerosis: current perspectives on health behaviours Overview Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) accounts for -5% of all multiple sclerosis cases, and has a prevalence of -10,000 children in the USA. POMS is associated with a higher relapse rate, and results in irreversible disability on average 10 years earlier than adult-onset multiple sclerosis. Other manifestations of POMS include mental and physical fatigue, cognitive impairment, and depression. Health behaviours of physical activity, diet, and sleep may have potential benefits in POMS, and present a scoping review of the existing literature. Physical activity participation was associated with reduced relapse rate, disease burden, and sleep/rest fatigue symptoms. Nutritional factors, particularly vitamin D intake, may be associated with relapse rate. Obesity has been associated with increased risk of developing POMS. POMS is associated with better sleep hygiene, and this may benefit fatigue and quality of life. Participation in health behaviours, particularly physical activity, diet, and sleep, may have benefits for POMS. Nevertheless, there are currently no interventions targeting promotion of these behaviours and examining the benefits of managing the primary and secondary manifestations of POMS. Acknowledgement Author Elizabeth Morghen Sikes, Robert W Motl , Jayne M Ness Journal Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics 2018:9 17–25 Publisher Dovepress	3	R450.00
Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: a protocol and risk mitigation guide Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: a protocol and risk mitigation guide Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: a protocol and risk mitigation guide Overview Non-invasive brain stimulation has been increasingly investigated, mainly in adults, with the aims of influencing motor recovery after stroke. However, a consensus on safety and optimal study design has not been established in pediatrics. The low incidence of reported major adverse events in adults with and without clinical conditions has expedited the exploration of NIBS in children with paralleled purposes to influence motor skill development after neurological injury. Considering developmental variability in children, with or without a neurologic diagnosis, adult dosing and protocols may not be appropriate. Combining our experiences has allowed us to improve our own protocols, with the immediate goal of child safety and the overarching goal to establish a consensus that helps to define best NIBS practice and practice guidelines The purpose of this paper is to present recommendations and tools for the prevention and mitigation of adverse events (AEs) during NIBS in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP). Consistent reporting of safety, feasibility, and tolerability will refine NIBS practice guidelines contributing to future clinical translations of NIBS. Acknowledgement Author Bernadette T. Gillick, Andrew M. Gordon, Tim Feyma , Linda E. Krach, Jason Carmel, Tonya L. Rich, Yannick Bleyenheuft and Kathleen Friel Journal Frontiers in Pediatrics Volume 6 Article 56 Publisher Cross Mark https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5864860/pdf/fped-06-00056.pdf	Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: a protocol and risk mitigation guide Course Detail Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: a protocol and risk mitigation guide R455.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: a protocol and risk mitigation guide Overview Non-invasive brain stimulation has been increasingly investigated, mainly in adults, with the aims of influencing motor recovery after stroke. However, a consensus on safety and optimal study design has not been established in pediatrics. The low incidence of reported major adverse events in adults with and without clinical conditions has expedited the exploration of NIBS in children with paralleled purposes to influence motor skill development after neurological injury. Considering developmental variability in children, with or without a neurologic diagnosis, adult dosing and protocols may not be appropriate. Combining our experiences has allowed us to improve our own protocols, with the immediate goal of child safety and the overarching goal to establish a consensus that helps to define best NIBS practice and practice guidelines The purpose of this paper is to present recommendations and tools for the prevention and mitigation of adverse events (AEs) during NIBS in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP). Consistent reporting of safety, feasibility, and tolerability will refine NIBS practice guidelines contributing to future clinical translations of NIBS. Acknowledgement Author Bernadette T. Gillick, Andrew M. Gordon, Tim Feyma , Linda E. Krach, Jason Carmel, Tonya L. Rich, Yannick Bleyenheuft and Kathleen Friel Journal Frontiers in Pediatrics Volume 6 Article 56 Publisher Cross Mark https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5864860/pdf/fped-06-00056.pdf	3	R455.00
Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease. Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease. Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease. Overview This article describes how adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) perceive their ability to perform everyday tasks required for transition to adult health care and independent living. SCD negatively affects transition from pediatric to adult health care and independent living (Anie & Telfair, 2005). The Adolescent Autonomy Checklist (AAC) was adapted to include skills associated with managing SCD (AAC-SCD) and was administered to adolescents during clinic visits. Participants indicated "can do already" or "needs practice" for 100 activities in 12 categories. Of 122 patients, the percentage of adolescents who needed practice was greatest in living arrangements (38.7%), money management (35.8%), vocational skills (29.6%), and health care skills (25.5%). We found a significant effect of age and of cerebrovascular injury on the percentage of those who reported "needs practice" in multiple categories. We found no effect of gender and limited effect of haemoglobin phenotype on any skill category. Findings support the need for educational intervention to improve transition skills in adolescents with SCD. Acknowledgement: Author: Abel RA, Cho E, Chadwick-Mansker KR, D'Souza N, Housten AJ, King AA Journal: The American Journal of Occupational Therapy Volume 69 Issue 2 Publisher: AOTA Press	Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease. Course Detail Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease. R455.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease. Overview This article describes how adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) perceive their ability to perform everyday tasks required for transition to adult health care and independent living. SCD negatively affects transition from pediatric to adult health care and independent living (Anie & Telfair, 2005). The Adolescent Autonomy Checklist (AAC) was adapted to include skills associated with managing SCD (AAC-SCD) and was administered to adolescents during clinic visits. Participants indicated "can do already" or "needs practice" for 100 activities in 12 categories. Of 122 patients, the percentage of adolescents who needed practice was greatest in living arrangements (38.7%), money management (35.8%), vocational skills (29.6%), and health care skills (25.5%). We found a significant effect of age and of cerebrovascular injury on the percentage of those who reported "needs practice" in multiple categories. We found no effect of gender and limited effect of haemoglobin phenotype on any skill category. Findings support the need for educational intervention to improve transition skills in adolescents with SCD. Acknowledgement: Author: Abel RA, Cho E, Chadwick-Mansker KR, D'Souza N, Housten AJ, King AA Journal: The American Journal of Occupational Therapy Volume 69 Issue 2 Publisher: AOTA Press	3	R455.00
Dose and Timing in Neurorehabilitation: Prescribing Motor Therapy After Stroke Dose and Timing in Neurorehabilitation: Prescribing Motor Therapy After Stroke Dose and Timing in Neuro-rehabilitation: Prescribing Motor Therapy After Stroke. Overview Prescribing the most appropriate dose of motor therapy for individual patients is a challenge because minimal data are available and a large number of factors are unknown. This review explores the concept of dose and reviews the most recent findings in the field of neuro-rehabilitation, with a focus on relearning motor skills after stroke. Appropriate dosing involves the prescription of a specific amount of an active ingredient, at a specific frequency and duration. Dosing parameters, particularly amount, are not well defined or quantified in most studies. Compiling data across studies indicates a positive, moderate dose-response relationship, indicating that more movement practice results in better outcomes. This relationship is confounded by time after stroke. These findings suggest that substantially more movement practice may be necessary to achieve better outcomes for people living with the disabling consequences of stroke. Preclinical investigations are needed to elucidate many of the unknowns and allow for a more biologically driven rehabilitation prescription process. Likewise, clinical investigations are needed to determine the dose-response relationships and examine the potential dose-timing interaction in humans. Acknowledgement: Author: Lang CE, Lohse KR, Birkenmeier RL Journal: Current Opinion in Neurology. Publisher: HHS Public Access	Dose and Timing in Neurorehabilitation: Prescribing Motor Therapy After Stroke Course Detail Dose and Timing in Neurorehabilitation: Prescribing Motor Therapy After Stroke R430.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Dose and Timing in Neuro-rehabilitation: Prescribing Motor Therapy After Stroke. Overview Prescribing the most appropriate dose of motor therapy for individual patients is a challenge because minimal data are available and a large number of factors are unknown. This review explores the concept of dose and reviews the most recent findings in the field of neuro-rehabilitation, with a focus on relearning motor skills after stroke. Appropriate dosing involves the prescription of a specific amount of an active ingredient, at a specific frequency and duration. Dosing parameters, particularly amount, are not well defined or quantified in most studies. Compiling data across studies indicates a positive, moderate dose-response relationship, indicating that more movement practice results in better outcomes. This relationship is confounded by time after stroke. These findings suggest that substantially more movement practice may be necessary to achieve better outcomes for people living with the disabling consequences of stroke. Preclinical investigations are needed to elucidate many of the unknowns and allow for a more biologically driven rehabilitation prescription process. Likewise, clinical investigations are needed to determine the dose-response relationships and examine the potential dose-timing interaction in humans. Acknowledgement: Author: Lang CE, Lohse KR, Birkenmeier RL Journal: Current Opinion in Neurology. Publisher: HHS Public Access	3	R430.00
Medical Tourism. Medical Tourism. Overview BACKGROUND: Medical tourism is a burgeoning industry in our region. It involves patients travelling outside of their home country for medical treatment. OBJECTIVE: This article provides an outline of the current research around medical tourism, especially its impact on Australians. DISCUSSION: Patients are increasingly seeking a variety of medical treatments abroad, particularly those involving cosmetic surgery and dental treatment, often in countries in South-East Asia. Adverse events may occur during medical treatment abroad, which raises medico-legal and insurance issues, as well as concerns regarding follow-up of patients. General practitioners need to be prepared to offer advice, including travel health advice, to patients seeking medical treatment abroad Acknowledgement Author: Leggat P Journal: Australian family physician. Publisher: Focus Environmental	Medical Tourism. Course Detail Medical Tourism. R360.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview BACKGROUND: Medical tourism is a burgeoning industry in our region. It involves patients travelling outside of their home country for medical treatment. OBJECTIVE: This article provides an outline of the current research around medical tourism, especially its impact on Australians. DISCUSSION: Patients are increasingly seeking a variety of medical treatments abroad, particularly those involving cosmetic surgery and dental treatment, often in countries in South-East Asia. Adverse events may occur during medical treatment abroad, which raises medico-legal and insurance issues, as well as concerns regarding follow-up of patients. General practitioners need to be prepared to offer advice, including travel health advice, to patients seeking medical treatment abroad Acknowledgement Author: Leggat P Journal: Australian family physician. Publisher: Focus Environmental	3	R360.00
Evaluating intervention using time aids in children with disabilities. Evaluating intervention using time aids in children with disabilities. OVERVIEW Nowadays, children with difficulties in managing time in everyday life are at risk of delayed development of time-processing skills compared with their same-aged peers. Thus, Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been reported to exhibit problems in time perception/time sense as compared with typically developing children. The objective of this study was to evaluate complex intervention using time aids for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities who exhibit limitations in daily time management. The participants of this study were children aged between 6-11 who were suffering from conditions such as ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, mild or moderate intellectual disability, spina bifida, and cerebral palsy. This study equally used a Randomized Block and Waiting List control group design, with 25 children allocated to control and 22 to intervention group. Results from this study indicated that Children in both groups gained significantly in time-processing ability between the first and second data collection, meanwhile the children in the intervention group improved time-processing ability significantly more than controls. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Gunnel Janeslätt, Anders Kottorp & Mats Granlund JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis online URL: http://www.tandfonline.com	Evaluating intervention using time aids in children with disabilities. Course Detail Evaluating intervention using time aids in children with disabilities. R450.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course OVERVIEW Nowadays, children with difficulties in managing time in everyday life are at risk of delayed development of time-processing skills compared with their same-aged peers. Thus, Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been reported to exhibit problems in time perception/time sense as compared with typically developing children. The objective of this study was to evaluate complex intervention using time aids for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities who exhibit limitations in daily time management. The participants of this study were children aged between 6-11 who were suffering from conditions such as ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, mild or moderate intellectual disability, spina bifida, and cerebral palsy. This study equally used a Randomized Block and Waiting List control group design, with 25 children allocated to control and 22 to intervention group. Results from this study indicated that Children in both groups gained significantly in time-processing ability between the first and second data collection, meanwhile the children in the intervention group improved time-processing ability significantly more than controls. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Gunnel Janeslätt, Anders Kottorp & Mats Granlund JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis online URL: http://www.tandfonline.com	3	R450.00
Exploring the Nature of the Intention, Meaning and Perception Process of the Neuro-occupation Model to Understand Adaptation to Change. Exploring the Nature of the Intention, Meaning and Perception Process of the Neuro-occupation Model to Understand Adaptation to Change. OVERVIEW The human condition is completely individualized and unpredictable since change does not follow a linear path. However, the theoretical model of neuro-occupation, intention, meaning and perception, sought to describe the symbiotic relationship between occupation and the brain, as a chaotic, self-organized, complex system. It is apparent that lack of evidence has also limited its applicability to practice. The aim of this study was to track the postulates of the model within the daily experiences of subjects. Thus, a qualitative multiple case- study design, typically used for testing models was used for content analysis. During the study, an underpinning principle of the model, defined a circular causality feedback process, which was confirmed as described through tracing the repetitive processes within the lived experience of two Iranian men. The results from this study however suggested that continual adaptation occurred in lives interrupted by cerebrovascular accident, which enabled the subjects to return to expression of meaning through purposeful occupation and continually re-shaped their perceptions. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Seyed Alireza Derakhshanrad, Emily Piven, Seyed Ali Hosseini Farahnaz Mohammadi Shahboulaghi, Homer Nazeran & Mehdi Rassafiani JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International PUBLISHER: John Willey & Sons Limited URL: http://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com	Exploring the Nature of the Intention, Meaning and Perception Process of the Neuro-occupation Model to Understand Adaptation to Change. Course Detail Exploring the Nature of the Intention, Meaning and Perception Process of the Neuro-occupation Model to Understand Adaptation to Change. R325.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course OVERVIEW The human condition is completely individualized and unpredictable since change does not follow a linear path. However, the theoretical model of neuro-occupation, intention, meaning and perception, sought to describe the symbiotic relationship between occupation and the brain, as a chaotic, self-organized, complex system. It is apparent that lack of evidence has also limited its applicability to practice. The aim of this study was to track the postulates of the model within the daily experiences of subjects. Thus, a qualitative multiple case- study design, typically used for testing models was used for content analysis. During the study, an underpinning principle of the model, defined a circular causality feedback process, which was confirmed as described through tracing the repetitive processes within the lived experience of two Iranian men. The results from this study however suggested that continual adaptation occurred in lives interrupted by cerebrovascular accident, which enabled the subjects to return to expression of meaning through purposeful occupation and continually re-shaped their perceptions. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Seyed Alireza Derakhshanrad, Emily Piven, Seyed Ali Hosseini Farahnaz Mohammadi Shahboulaghi, Homer Nazeran & Mehdi Rassafiani JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International PUBLISHER: John Willey & Sons Limited URL: http://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com	3	R325.00
Hearing Loss in Workers Exposed to Epoxy Adhesives and Noise. Hearing Loss in Workers Exposed to Epoxy Adhesives and Noise. OVERVIEW Organic solvents are heavily used in industries and there are evidences that exposure to organic solvents has hazardous effects on hearing. Yet, the effects of organic solvents on hearing are difficult to evaluate. The reason is that workers are usually exposed to a mixture of solvents with widely varying compositions and concentrations. However, the objective of this cross-sectional study was thus to investigate the risk of hearing loss among workers exposed to epoxy adhesives and noise. During the study, 182 stone workers who were exposed to both epoxy adhesives and noise were recruited. Other participants of the study composed of 89 stone workers who were exposed to noise only, and 43 workers from the administrative staff who had not been exposed to adhesives or noise. The demographic data, occupational history as well as the medical history of participants were obtained through face to-face interviews, arranged physical examinations as well as through pure-tone audiometric tests. Results from the study however indicated that epoxy adhesives exacerbate hearing impairment in noisy environments, with the main impacts occurring in the middle and high frequencies. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Hsiao-Yu Yang, Ruei-Hao Shie, Pau-Chung Chen JOURNAL: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health PUBLISHER: BMJ Open Group URL: http://www.group.bmj.com	Hearing Loss in Workers Exposed to Epoxy Adhesives and Noise. Course Detail Hearing Loss in Workers Exposed to Epoxy Adhesives and Noise. R335.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course OVERVIEW Organic solvents are heavily used in industries and there are evidences that exposure to organic solvents has hazardous effects on hearing. Yet, the effects of organic solvents on hearing are difficult to evaluate. The reason is that workers are usually exposed to a mixture of solvents with widely varying compositions and concentrations. However, the objective of this cross-sectional study was thus to investigate the risk of hearing loss among workers exposed to epoxy adhesives and noise. During the study, 182 stone workers who were exposed to both epoxy adhesives and noise were recruited. Other participants of the study composed of 89 stone workers who were exposed to noise only, and 43 workers from the administrative staff who had not been exposed to adhesives or noise. The demographic data, occupational history as well as the medical history of participants were obtained through face to-face interviews, arranged physical examinations as well as through pure-tone audiometric tests. Results from the study however indicated that epoxy adhesives exacerbate hearing impairment in noisy environments, with the main impacts occurring in the middle and high frequencies. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Hsiao-Yu Yang, Ruei-Hao Shie, Pau-Chung Chen JOURNAL: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health PUBLISHER: BMJ Open Group URL: http://www.group.bmj.com	3	R335.00
Interventions aimed at improving the ability to use everyday technology in work after brain injury. Interventions aimed at improving the ability to use everyday technology in work after brain injury. Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to explore and describe how client-centred occupational therapy interventions may support and improve the ability to use everyday technology (ET) in work tasks in people with acquired brain injury (ABI). Method: A qualitative, descriptive multiple-case study was designed, and occupation-based interventions were provided to three working-age participants with ABI. Multiple sources were used to collect data throughout the three intervention processes, including assessments, field notes, and interviews. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Management of Everyday Technology Assessment were administered before the interventions, after the interventions and at a follow-up session 2–3 months subsequent to the interventions. Results: The three intervention processes initially consisted of similar actions, but subsequently the actions took on a different focus and intensity for each case. All of the goals in each of the three case processes were achieved, and both perceived and observed abilities to use ET in work tasks improved. Conclusions: Client-centred occupational therapy interventions might have the potential to improve the ability to use ET in work tasks in people with ABI. OVERVIEW There is currently an increased use of everyday technology (ET), such as coffee machines, mobile phones, and computers because of the development of an information society. The aim of this study was to explore and describe how client-centred occupational therapy interventions may support and improve the ability to use everyday technology (ET) in work tasks in people with acquired brain injury (ABI). During this research, a qualitative, descriptive multiple-case study was designed, and occupation-based interventions were provided to three working-age participants with ABI. Multiple sources including assessments, field notes, and interviews were used to collect data throughout the three intervention processes. It is worth men toning that The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Management of Everyday Technology Assessment were administered both before and after the interventions as well as at a follow-up session 2–3 months after the interventions. The results of this study revealed that the three intervention processes initially consisted of similar actions, but subsequently the actions took on a different focus and intensity for each case. It was therefore concluded that client-centred occupational therapy interventions might have the potential to improve the ability to use ET in work tasks in people with ABI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Ann-Charlotte Kassberg, Maria Prellwitz, Camilla Malinowsky & Maria Larsson-Lund JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis URL: http://taylorandfrancis.com	Interventions aimed at improving the ability to use everyday technology in work after brain injury. Course Detail Interventions aimed at improving the ability to use everyday technology in work after brain injury. R435.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to explore and describe how client-centred occupational therapy interventions may support and improve the ability to use everyday technology (ET) in work tasks in people with acquired brain injury (ABI). Method: A qualitative, descriptive multiple-case study was designed, and occupation-based interventions were provided to three working-age participants with ABI. Multiple sources were used to collect data throughout the three intervention processes, including assessments, field notes, and interviews. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Management of Everyday Technology Assessment were administered before the interventions, after the interventions and at a follow-up session 2–3 months subsequent to the interventions. Results: The three intervention processes initially consisted of similar actions, but subsequently the actions took on a different focus and intensity for each case. All of the goals in each of the three case processes were achieved, and both perceived and observed abilities to use ET in work tasks improved. Conclusions: Client-centred occupational therapy interventions might have the potential to improve the ability to use ET in work tasks in people with ABI. OVERVIEW There is currently an increased use of everyday technology (ET), such as coffee machines, mobile phones, and computers because of the development of an information society. The aim of this study was to explore and describe how client-centred occupational therapy interventions may support and improve the ability to use everyday technology (ET) in work tasks in people with acquired brain injury (ABI). During this research, a qualitative, descriptive multiple-case study was designed, and occupation-based interventions were provided to three working-age participants with ABI. Multiple sources including assessments, field notes, and interviews were used to collect data throughout the three intervention processes. It is worth men toning that The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and the Management of Everyday Technology Assessment were administered both before and after the interventions as well as at a follow-up session 2–3 months after the interventions. The results of this study revealed that the three intervention processes initially consisted of similar actions, but subsequently the actions took on a different focus and intensity for each case. It was therefore concluded that client-centred occupational therapy interventions might have the potential to improve the ability to use ET in work tasks in people with ABI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Ann-Charlotte Kassberg, Maria Prellwitz, Camilla Malinowsky & Maria Larsson-Lund JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis URL: http://taylorandfrancis.com	3	R435.00
Leisure-Activity Participation to Prevent Later Life Cognitive Decline. Leisure-Activity Participation to Prevent Later Life Cognitive Decline. OVERVIEW Leisure activity has a role to play in preventing later cognitive life decline. As a matter of fact, the prevention of cognitive decline within the spectrum of normal ageing to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitive impairment with dementia among the elderly has become largely acknowledged as a major public health issue worldwide. This study was therefore carried out following PRISMA guidelines in order to achieve a systematic review. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine many peer review empirical research publications that focused on leisure activity, cognitive decline as well as its prevention. In terms of the research method, 52 articles published between the years 2000 and 2011were searched from reputable databases. Some of the articles were obtained from PubMed/Medline reSEARCH, CINHAL, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, PsychoINFO, ERIC Proquest, the Cochrane library, as well as PsycARTICLES databasis. Results from the study nevertheless supports the conception that participating in leisure activities could significantly prevent dementia. The results were however interpreted using the Human Occupation Model that focuses on key factors which have been identified to have a link between participation in leisure activities and the prevention of dementia. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Mandana Fallahpour, Lena Borell Mark Luborsky, and Louise Nygard JOURNAL: Scandanavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor & Francis Group URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2015.1102320	Leisure-Activity Participation to Prevent Later Life Cognitive Decline. Course Detail Leisure-Activity Participation to Prevent Later Life Cognitive Decline. R395.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course OVERVIEW Leisure activity has a role to play in preventing later cognitive life decline. As a matter of fact, the prevention of cognitive decline within the spectrum of normal ageing to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitive impairment with dementia among the elderly has become largely acknowledged as a major public health issue worldwide. This study was therefore carried out following PRISMA guidelines in order to achieve a systematic review. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine many peer review empirical research publications that focused on leisure activity, cognitive decline as well as its prevention. In terms of the research method, 52 articles published between the years 2000 and 2011were searched from reputable databases. Some of the articles were obtained from PubMed/Medline reSEARCH, CINHAL, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, PsychoINFO, ERIC Proquest, the Cochrane library, as well as PsycARTICLES databasis. Results from the study nevertheless supports the conception that participating in leisure activities could significantly prevent dementia. The results were however interpreted using the Human Occupation Model that focuses on key factors which have been identified to have a link between participation in leisure activities and the prevention of dementia. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Mandana Fallahpour, Lena Borell Mark Luborsky, and Louise Nygard JOURNAL: Scandanavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor & Francis Group URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2015.1102320	3	R395.00
Occupational science: An important contributor to occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning Occupational science: An important contributor to occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning Overview Occupational science has a strong influence in the theoretical as well as research based knowledge within occupational therapy. More so, various studies have revealed that the contributions from occupational science are also reflected in clinical reasoning which is a key occupational therapy competence. Clinical reasoning is also considered as an important element of health professional practice as it provides a link between research and practice. The purpose of this research is for occupational therapists to strive hard to develop their knowledge of occupational science literature and clinical reasoning competence. Thus, the objective of this research is therefore to debate and discuss ways in which occupational science could contribute even further to occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning and inform the occupational therapy curriculum. After analyzing different point of views of various occupational therapist, it was concluded that more research on the meanings of occupations is important for occupational therapy as a health care profession. It was equally recommended that the subsequent researches should include explorations of the relationship between occupation and development, how occupation changes over the lifespan, how people organize and engage in their daily occupations, as well as the personal and sociocultural meanings of occupation. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Hanne Kaae Kristensen & Kirsten Schultz Petersen JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHERS: Tylor & Francis Group URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2015.1083054	Occupational science: An important contributor to occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning Course Detail Occupational science: An important contributor to occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning R425.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Occupational science has a strong influence in the theoretical as well as research based knowledge within occupational therapy. More so, various studies have revealed that the contributions from occupational science are also reflected in clinical reasoning which is a key occupational therapy competence. Clinical reasoning is also considered as an important element of health professional practice as it provides a link between research and practice. The purpose of this research is for occupational therapists to strive hard to develop their knowledge of occupational science literature and clinical reasoning competence. Thus, the objective of this research is therefore to debate and discuss ways in which occupational science could contribute even further to occupational therapists’ clinical reasoning and inform the occupational therapy curriculum. After analyzing different point of views of various occupational therapist, it was concluded that more research on the meanings of occupations is important for occupational therapy as a health care profession. It was equally recommended that the subsequent researches should include explorations of the relationship between occupation and development, how occupation changes over the lifespan, how people organize and engage in their daily occupations, as well as the personal and sociocultural meanings of occupation. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Hanne Kaae Kristensen & Kirsten Schultz Petersen JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHERS: Tylor & Francis Group URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2015.1083054	3	R425.00
Occupational Therapy and Sexual and Reproductive Health Promotion in Adolescence: A Case Study. Occupational Therapy and Sexual and Reproductive Health Promotion in Adolescence: A Case Study. OVERVIEW In recent years in Brazil, occupational therapy has increasingly approached the field of health promotion. Thus, the occupational therapists are confronted with different demands especially concerning the adolescent public. The purpose of this study was therefore to describe an occupational therapy intervention aimed at sexual and reproductive health promotion in adolescents. Fifty-eight adolescents nonetheless participated in this study before, during and after the interventions. It is worth mentioning that during the study, educational activities such as puzzles, storytelling, mime and board game which had been constructed by occupational therapy faculty and students were used. The games were employed as mediators for gaining knowledge in sexual and reproductive health. Data for this study was collected through questionnaire, audio recordings and field diaries meanwhile it was analysed by descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis. The results nevertheless showed the adolescents’ increased knowledge of sexual and reproductive health information immediately after the intervention. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHOR: Gontijo DT, de Sena e Vasconcelos AC, Monteiro RJ, Facundes VL, Trajano Mde, de Lima LS JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International PUBLISHER: Wiley Online URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com	Occupational Therapy and Sexual and Reproductive Health Promotion in Adolescence: A Case Study. Course Detail Occupational Therapy and Sexual and Reproductive Health Promotion in Adolescence: A Case Study. R375.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course OVERVIEW In recent years in Brazil, occupational therapy has increasingly approached the field of health promotion. Thus, the occupational therapists are confronted with different demands especially concerning the adolescent public. The purpose of this study was therefore to describe an occupational therapy intervention aimed at sexual and reproductive health promotion in adolescents. Fifty-eight adolescents nonetheless participated in this study before, during and after the interventions. It is worth mentioning that during the study, educational activities such as puzzles, storytelling, mime and board game which had been constructed by occupational therapy faculty and students were used. The games were employed as mediators for gaining knowledge in sexual and reproductive health. Data for this study was collected through questionnaire, audio recordings and field diaries meanwhile it was analysed by descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis. The results nevertheless showed the adolescents’ increased knowledge of sexual and reproductive health information immediately after the intervention. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHOR: Gontijo DT, de Sena e Vasconcelos AC, Monteiro RJ, Facundes VL, Trajano Mde, de Lima LS JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International PUBLISHER: Wiley Online URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com	3	R375.00
Performance or activities of daily living among hospitalised cancer patients. Performance or activities of daily living among hospitalised cancer patients. OVERVIEW It has been revealed that digital radiography encompasses both computed It is evident that problems with performance of activities of daily living (ADL) tasks have an impact on patients’ quality of life as well as their ability to stay independent. Many researches have nonetheless documented that rehabilitation is needed when cancer patients experience decreased ability to perform ADL. Although rehabilitation may include activities of daily living (ADL) tasks, very little is still known about how cancer patients perform these tasks and how they prioritize their daily activities. The objective of this study was therefore to identify and characterize ADL task performance problems among a group of adult disabled hospitalized cancer patients using interview and questionnaire. This Cross-sectional study on prevalence of ADL task performance problems experienced by disabled hospitalized cancer patients was carried out using the Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. The results of this study indicated that all 118 patients reported problems with ADL task performance. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHOR: Line Lindhal-Jacobsen, Dorte Gilsa Hansen, Eva Ejlersen Waehrens, Karen La Cour & Jens Sondergaard JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Online URL: http://www.tandfonline.com	Performance or activities of daily living among hospitalised cancer patients. Course Detail Performance or activities of daily living among hospitalised cancer patients. R475.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course OVERVIEW It has been revealed that digital radiography encompasses both computed It is evident that problems with performance of activities of daily living (ADL) tasks have an impact on patients’ quality of life as well as their ability to stay independent. Many researches have nonetheless documented that rehabilitation is needed when cancer patients experience decreased ability to perform ADL. Although rehabilitation may include activities of daily living (ADL) tasks, very little is still known about how cancer patients perform these tasks and how they prioritize their daily activities. The objective of this study was therefore to identify and characterize ADL task performance problems among a group of adult disabled hospitalized cancer patients using interview and questionnaire. This Cross-sectional study on prevalence of ADL task performance problems experienced by disabled hospitalized cancer patients was carried out using the Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. The results of this study indicated that all 118 patients reported problems with ADL task performance. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHOR: Line Lindhal-Jacobsen, Dorte Gilsa Hansen, Eva Ejlersen Waehrens, Karen La Cour & Jens Sondergaard JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Online URL: http://www.tandfonline.com	3	R475.00
Relationship between Quantified Instrumental Swallowing Examination and Comprehensive Clinical Swallowing Examination. Relationship between Quantified Instrumental Swallowing Examination and Comprehensive Clinical Swallowing Examination. OVERVIEW Clinical swallowing examination (CSE) is used in evaluating whether a subject has dysphagia. However, it also includes various clinical methods such as recording the history of the subject’s swallowing difficulty; observing the anatomical structures of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx; testing sensory and motor functions, behaviour, level of consciousness and speech language ability; and performing a swallowing trial. Nevertheless, the objective of this study was to identify the correlation between the Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MASA) and the Videofluoroscopic Dysphagia Scale (VDS) to investigate the applicability of the MASA as a follow-up test of swallowing function. Criterion validity was assessed for MASA results versus VDS scores of tests administered to 54 patients who had a stroke and dysphagia. The results of this study indicated that there was a significant correlation between the MASA and the VDS (correlation coefficient =_0.509). The results from this study further indicated that the MASA holds adequate clinical test–re-test and inter-rater reliabilities and criterion validity for measuring the swallowing abilities of Korean patients who had a stroke and dysphagia. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Jong-Chi Oh, Ji-Hyuk Park, Min-Ye Jung, Eun-Young Yoo, Ki-Yeon Chang & Teak-Young Lee JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International PUBLISHER: Wiley URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com	Relationship between Quantified Instrumental Swallowing Examination and Comprehensive Clinical Swallowing Examination. Course Detail Relationship between Quantified Instrumental Swallowing Examination and Comprehensive Clinical Swallowing Examination. R355.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course OVERVIEW Clinical swallowing examination (CSE) is used in evaluating whether a subject has dysphagia. However, it also includes various clinical methods such as recording the history of the subject’s swallowing difficulty; observing the anatomical structures of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx; testing sensory and motor functions, behaviour, level of consciousness and speech language ability; and performing a swallowing trial. Nevertheless, the objective of this study was to identify the correlation between the Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability (MASA) and the Videofluoroscopic Dysphagia Scale (VDS) to investigate the applicability of the MASA as a follow-up test of swallowing function. Criterion validity was assessed for MASA results versus VDS scores of tests administered to 54 patients who had a stroke and dysphagia. The results of this study indicated that there was a significant correlation between the MASA and the VDS (correlation coefficient =_0.509). The results from this study further indicated that the MASA holds adequate clinical test–re-test and inter-rater reliabilities and criterion validity for measuring the swallowing abilities of Korean patients who had a stroke and dysphagia. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Jong-Chi Oh, Ji-Hyuk Park, Min-Ye Jung, Eun-Young Yoo, Ki-Yeon Chang & Teak-Young Lee JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International PUBLISHER: Wiley URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com	3	R355.00
Rewarding yet demanding: client perspectives on enabling occupations during early stages of recovery from Schizophrenia. Rewarding yet demanding: client perspectives on enabling occupations during early stages of recovery from Schizophrenia. OVERVIEW Schizophrenia is known to be a severe mental illness that is characterized by psychotic symptoms, negative symptoms such as apathy and anhedonia, as well as impaired cognitive functioning. Schizophrenia can also result to significant risk of impaired functioning in areas such as self-care, independent living skills, social relationships, work, and going to school. The aim of this study was therefore to seek a better understanding of how people with schizophrenia experience an occupational therapy intervention designed to enable them to carry out meaningful occupations in the early phases of recovery. The methodology of this research was a qualitative design that comprised of an eight-week client-centred occupational therapy intervention with semi-structured interviews of five of the six clients out of 10 who completed the intervention. It is imperative to acknowledge that Braun and Clark’s thematic analysis was applied to the transcripts. Results from this study indicated that participants valued engaging in real-life occupations while anchoring new strategies. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: S.T.B. Bjørkedal, A.M.B. Torsting and T. Møller JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis URL: http://www.tandfonline.com	Rewarding yet demanding: client perspectives on enabling occupations during early stages of recovery from Schizophrenia. Course Detail Rewarding yet demanding: client perspectives on enabling occupations during early stages of recovery from Schizophrenia. R360.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course OVERVIEW Schizophrenia is known to be a severe mental illness that is characterized by psychotic symptoms, negative symptoms such as apathy and anhedonia, as well as impaired cognitive functioning. Schizophrenia can also result to significant risk of impaired functioning in areas such as self-care, independent living skills, social relationships, work, and going to school. The aim of this study was therefore to seek a better understanding of how people with schizophrenia experience an occupational therapy intervention designed to enable them to carry out meaningful occupations in the early phases of recovery. The methodology of this research was a qualitative design that comprised of an eight-week client-centred occupational therapy intervention with semi-structured interviews of five of the six clients out of 10 who completed the intervention. It is imperative to acknowledge that Braun and Clark’s thematic analysis was applied to the transcripts. Results from this study indicated that participants valued engaging in real-life occupations while anchoring new strategies. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: S.T.B. Bjørkedal, A.M.B. Torsting and T. Møller JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis URL: http://www.tandfonline.com	3	R360.00
Using coloured filters to reduce the symptoms of visual stress in children with reading delay. Using coloured filters to reduce the symptoms of visual stress in children with reading delay. OVERVIEW Meares-Irlen Syndrome (MIS), which is also known as “visual stress” is one of the key visual causes of reading difficulties in children. Some of its symptoms include letters appearing to be blur, move around or go double, glare, as well as headaches. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two coloured-filter systems on the symptoms of visual stress in children with reading delay. The method used in carrying out this study was a pre-test, post-test, as well as a randomized head-to-head comparison of two filter systems on the symptoms of visual stress in school children. Hence, 68 UK mainstream school children with significant impairment in reading ability participated in this study. Results of this study however indicated that filter systems appeared to have a large effect on the reported symptoms between pre-and post-three-month time points. Results from this study further indicated that reduction in symptoms, which appeared to be brought about using coloured filters, eased the visual discomfort experienced by these children when reading. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Priscilla Harries, Roger Hall, Nicola Ray and John Stein JOURNAL: The Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis URL: http://www.tandfonline.com	Using coloured filters to reduce the symptoms of visual stress in children with reading delay. Course Detail Using coloured filters to reduce the symptoms of visual stress in children with reading delay. R375.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course OVERVIEW Meares-Irlen Syndrome (MIS), which is also known as “visual stress” is one of the key visual causes of reading difficulties in children. Some of its symptoms include letters appearing to be blur, move around or go double, glare, as well as headaches. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two coloured-filter systems on the symptoms of visual stress in children with reading delay. The method used in carrying out this study was a pre-test, post-test, as well as a randomized head-to-head comparison of two filter systems on the symptoms of visual stress in school children. Hence, 68 UK mainstream school children with significant impairment in reading ability participated in this study. Results of this study however indicated that filter systems appeared to have a large effect on the reported symptoms between pre-and post-three-month time points. Results from this study further indicated that reduction in symptoms, which appeared to be brought about using coloured filters, eased the visual discomfort experienced by these children when reading. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Priscilla Harries, Roger Hall, Nicola Ray and John Stein JOURNAL: The Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis URL: http://www.tandfonline.com	3	R375.00

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Ethical and Legal Issues in Psychotherapy Ethical and Legal Issues in Psychotherapy Overview Psychotherapeutic interventions are part and parcel of the management of various psychiatric disorders. Pharmacotherapy for most psychiatric disorders is often combined with psychotherapy to improve the overall outcome. Over the years, different types (Psychoanalytic, Cognitive Behaviour, Family, Interpersonal, Supportive, Eclectic, and Brief therapies) and different schools of psychotherapy have emerged and the modality of carrying out psychotherapy has also changed from in person psychotherapy to e therapy. E therapies are being carried out by using synchronous and asynchronous methods. Despite all this, it is evident that there are certain common ingredients for all kinds of psychotherapies. Multiple efforts have been made to define psychotherapy. However, till today the definition of psychotherapy given by Wolberg is comprehensive, which defines it as “a treatment, by psychological means, of problems of an emotional nature in which a trained person deliberately establishes a professional relationship with the patient with the objective of removing, modifying or retarding existing symptoms; mediating disturbed patterns of behaviour and promoting positive personality growth and development.” The basic aim of these guidelines is to establish minimum ethical standards for practice of psychotherapy by the psychiatrists Journal Indian Journal of Psychiatry	Ethical and Legal Issues in Psychotherapy Course Detail Ethical and Legal Issues in Psychotherapy R485.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Psychotherapeutic interventions are part and parcel of the management of various psychiatric disorders. Pharmacotherapy for most psychiatric disorders is often combined with psychotherapy to improve the overall outcome. Over the years, different types (Psychoanalytic, Cognitive Behaviour, Family, Interpersonal, Supportive, Eclectic, and Brief therapies) and different schools of psychotherapy have emerged and the modality of carrying out psychotherapy has also changed from in person psychotherapy to e therapy. E therapies are being carried out by using synchronous and asynchronous methods. Despite all this, it is evident that there are certain common ingredients for all kinds of psychotherapies. Multiple efforts have been made to define psychotherapy. However, till today the definition of psychotherapy given by Wolberg is comprehensive, which defines it as “a treatment, by psychological means, of problems of an emotional nature in which a trained person deliberately establishes a professional relationship with the patient with the objective of removing, modifying or retarding existing symptoms; mediating disturbed patterns of behaviour and promoting positive personality growth and development.” The basic aim of these guidelines is to establish minimum ethical standards for practice of psychotherapy by the psychiatrists Journal Indian Journal of Psychiatry	3	R485.00
Medical Ethics: The Delinquent Patient Medical Ethics: The Delinquent Patient Patients are the lifeblood of a practice, considering that no practice can survive without patients. If you have a service that no patient is willing to pay for, you will never have a stable practice. Patients pay the bills and provide opportunities for your practice to grow. However, sometimes patients are encountered in practice, who make the lives of the practitioner and staff miserable. Difficult patients can leave you and your staff angry, empty, and frustrated. The way difficult patients are handled will define the quality of the patient experience. Not knowing how to deal with difficult patients may lead to low staff morale, low patient volume and a damaged practice reputation. At times, managing difficult patients can hinder your ability to get your work done. But if handling difficult patients is seen as an opportunity rather than trouble, you may find that you can strengthen your patient service skills while retaining their business. Practicing medicine in your own private practice requires a fine balance between caring for patients and running a business. Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics: The Delinquent Patient Course Detail Medical Ethics: The Delinquent Patient R480.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Patients are the lifeblood of a practice, considering that no practice can survive without patients. If you have a service that no patient is willing to pay for, you will never have a stable practice. Patients pay the bills and provide opportunities for your practice to grow. However, sometimes patients are encountered in practice, who make the lives of the practitioner and staff miserable. Difficult patients can leave you and your staff angry, empty, and frustrated. The way difficult patients are handled will define the quality of the patient experience. Not knowing how to deal with difficult patients may lead to low staff morale, low patient volume and a damaged practice reputation. At times, managing difficult patients can hinder your ability to get your work done. But if handling difficult patients is seen as an opportunity rather than trouble, you may find that you can strengthen your patient service skills while retaining their business. Practicing medicine in your own private practice requires a fine balance between caring for patients and running a business. Harry Rosen	3	R480.00
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Medical Ethics: Ethical Challenges: Beyond Covid Medical Ethics: Ethical Challenges: Beyond Covid Overview “Ethical challenges will intensify as the pandemic wanes”. The disruptions caused by COVID-19 have heightened the risk of unethical behaviour in different sectors, including in healthcare, where trust is our lifeblood. We’ve seen an outbreak of misinformation during the pandemic, ranging from fake cures, false claims, and harmful health advice. We’ve seen bad-acting opportunists take advantage to trade illegitimate or non-compliant products. For the past two and a half years, the world has been duly tested by the challenges resulting primarily from the COVID-19 pandemic. In response, health care providers have shown tremendous resilience. However, as jurisdictions around the world progressed toward a more hopeful future, the ethical challenges health care providers face are far from over. In fact, they might intensify. As the pandemic fades, but taking cognisance of continued threats such as the ‘5th and 6th wave’ in South Africa, many entities as well as individuals will be eager to demonstrate their potential by posting quick wins and an accelerating recovery. Others will continue to navigate the intricacies of government support schemes, and, as those taper, some entities will find themselves on the brink of insolvency. Just as the economic impacts of this crisis unfolded in an uneven and unpredictable manner around the world, so too will recovery efforts. Health care providers must anticipate a continued period of heightened uncertainty and prioritize their ethical responsibilities all the more. Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics: Ethical Challenges: Beyond Covid Course Detail Medical Ethics: Ethical Challenges: Beyond Covid R425.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview “Ethical challenges will intensify as the pandemic wanes”. The disruptions caused by COVID-19 have heightened the risk of unethical behaviour in different sectors, including in healthcare, where trust is our lifeblood. We’ve seen an outbreak of misinformation during the pandemic, ranging from fake cures, false claims, and harmful health advice. We’ve seen bad-acting opportunists take advantage to trade illegitimate or non-compliant products. For the past two and a half years, the world has been duly tested by the challenges resulting primarily from the COVID-19 pandemic. In response, health care providers have shown tremendous resilience. However, as jurisdictions around the world progressed toward a more hopeful future, the ethical challenges health care providers face are far from over. In fact, they might intensify. As the pandemic fades, but taking cognisance of continued threats such as the ‘5th and 6th wave’ in South Africa, many entities as well as individuals will be eager to demonstrate their potential by posting quick wins and an accelerating recovery. Others will continue to navigate the intricacies of government support schemes, and, as those taper, some entities will find themselves on the brink of insolvency. Just as the economic impacts of this crisis unfolded in an uneven and unpredictable manner around the world, so too will recovery efforts. Health care providers must anticipate a continued period of heightened uncertainty and prioritize their ethical responsibilities all the more. Harry Rosen	3	R425.00
Medical Ethics: The Rule of Law in Turbulent Times Medical Ethics: The Rule of Law in Turbulent Times Overview Primarily, as a result of the advent of Covid, planet Earth has been thrown off its axis. South Africa is no exception, with the added aggravation and devastation due to looting, floods, etc. The consequences to practitioners, practice staff, families and patients have been immeasurable. Within this turmoil, there have been an avalanche of diverse factors and forces introduced into the healthcare arena, that, in way or another, impact or have the potential to impact on practices. These factors are discussed in this study. Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics: The Rule of Law in Turbulent Times Course Detail Medical Ethics: The Rule of Law in Turbulent Times R485.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Primarily, as a result of the advent of Covid, planet Earth has been thrown off its axis. South Africa is no exception, with the added aggravation and devastation due to looting, floods, etc. The consequences to practitioners, practice staff, families and patients have been immeasurable. Within this turmoil, there have been an avalanche of diverse factors and forces introduced into the healthcare arena, that, in way or another, impact or have the potential to impact on practices. These factors are discussed in this study. Harry Rosen	3	R485.00
Medical Ethics: Ethical Pitfalls in Practice Medical Ethics: Ethical Pitfalls in Practice Overview We live in a world where we face challenges daily. In technical terms, Ethical Pitfalls relate to that field of research, within the ambit of behavioural ethics , which focuses on how people behave when they're confronted with dilemmas and respond in ways that contradict their values, without even knowing they're doing it. In essence, the conduct of practitioners or staff may knowingly or unknowingly transgress existing ethical boundaries. In practical terms, when an activity in a practice environment conflicts with moral human principles and affects individuals involved working within the practice, it becomes an ethical issue. While regulator-enforced rules can hold employees and employers accountable for lawbreaking conduct, they can't entirely prevent individuals from acting unethically. Thus, it is the responsibility of the practice owner to address ethical concerns and establish clear guidelines. This coursed discusses this ethical issue. Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics: Ethical Pitfalls in Practice Course Detail Medical Ethics: Ethical Pitfalls in Practice R465.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview We live in a world where we face challenges daily. In technical terms, Ethical Pitfalls relate to that field of research, within the ambit of behavioural ethics , which focuses on how people behave when they're confronted with dilemmas and respond in ways that contradict their values, without even knowing they're doing it. In essence, the conduct of practitioners or staff may knowingly or unknowingly transgress existing ethical boundaries. In practical terms, when an activity in a practice environment conflicts with moral human principles and affects individuals involved working within the practice, it becomes an ethical issue. While regulator-enforced rules can hold employees and employers accountable for lawbreaking conduct, they can't entirely prevent individuals from acting unethically. Thus, it is the responsibility of the practice owner to address ethical concerns and establish clear guidelines. This coursed discusses this ethical issue. Harry Rosen	3	R465.00
Medical Ethics - Ethics in Practice Medical Ethics - Ethics in Practice Overview Ethical issues in a practice environment can be a difficult challenge to navigate for any practice owner. Though there are laws and statutes that exist to hold workers and employers accountable, these alone do not entirely deter employees from behaving unethically. Avoiding ethical issues in the practice always starts with top management. Providing clearly written policies and processes that ensure those policies are both acknowledged and adhered to, can ensure transparency and ethical practices are applied. To effectively detect and, most importantly, deter ethical issues in practice from surfacing in your organization, there are several everyday efforts you can take. Be sure to communicate and enforce a robust code of ethics when making decisions and ask the same of your employees. Remain aware of the discrimination laws that exist in your region. Stay informed on the rules that impact your industry, and ensure your organization is acting in compliance with those regulations. Collaborate with accountants, maintaining transparency and honesty in your financial reports. Be present in your company, making sure your organization and employees alike are always doing the right and ethical thing. Authors Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics - Ethics in Practice Course Detail Medical Ethics - Ethics in Practice R460.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Ethical issues in a practice environment can be a difficult challenge to navigate for any practice owner. Though there are laws and statutes that exist to hold workers and employers accountable, these alone do not entirely deter employees from behaving unethically. Avoiding ethical issues in the practice always starts with top management. Providing clearly written policies and processes that ensure those policies are both acknowledged and adhered to, can ensure transparency and ethical practices are applied. To effectively detect and, most importantly, deter ethical issues in practice from surfacing in your organization, there are several everyday efforts you can take. Be sure to communicate and enforce a robust code of ethics when making decisions and ask the same of your employees. Remain aware of the discrimination laws that exist in your region. Stay informed on the rules that impact your industry, and ensure your organization is acting in compliance with those regulations. Collaborate with accountants, maintaining transparency and honesty in your financial reports. Be present in your company, making sure your organization and employees alike are always doing the right and ethical thing. Authors Harry Rosen	3	R460.00
Medical Ethics: Professional Practice: A Moral Enterprise Medical Ethics: Professional Practice: A Moral Enterprise Overview Practice as a health care professional is based upon a relationship of mutual trust between patients and health care practitioners. From the perspective of the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA), to be a good health care practitioner, requires a life-long commitment to sound professional and ethical practices and an overriding dedication to the interests of one’s fellow human beings and society. In essence, the practice of health care professions is considered a moral enterprise. In this spirit the HPCSA presents ethical guidelines to guide and direct the practice of health care practitioners, primarily to protect the public. These guidelines form an integral part of the standards of professional conduct against which a complaint of professional misconduct is evaluated. Conducting business ethically is critical to a company’s success in the marketplace. Customers, suppliers and employees will not support a company that is involved in fraudulent, dishonest or unethical practices. Setting high standards of integrity in business relations and promoting their adherence by employees will enable the company to merit the confidence and support of its customers and the public at large. Author Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics: Professional Practice: A Moral Enterprise Course Detail Medical Ethics: Professional Practice: A Moral Enterprise R425.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Practice as a health care professional is based upon a relationship of mutual trust between patients and health care practitioners. From the perspective of the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA), to be a good health care practitioner, requires a life-long commitment to sound professional and ethical practices and an overriding dedication to the interests of one’s fellow human beings and society. In essence, the practice of health care professions is considered a moral enterprise. In this spirit the HPCSA presents ethical guidelines to guide and direct the practice of health care practitioners, primarily to protect the public. These guidelines form an integral part of the standards of professional conduct against which a complaint of professional misconduct is evaluated. Conducting business ethically is critical to a company’s success in the marketplace. Customers, suppliers and employees will not support a company that is involved in fraudulent, dishonest or unethical practices. Setting high standards of integrity in business relations and promoting their adherence by employees will enable the company to merit the confidence and support of its customers and the public at large. Author Harry Rosen	3	R425.00
Medical Ethics: Ethical frameworks for complex medical decision making in older patients: A narrative review Medical Ethics: Ethical frameworks for complex medical decision making in older patients: A narrative review Overview With an ageing population, physicians are more and more faced with complex medical and moral situations. Medical professional guidelines are often of limited use in these cases. To assist the decision-making process, several ethical frameworks have been proposed. Ethical frameworks are analytical tools that are designed to assist physicians and other involved healthcare workers in complex moral decision-making situations. Most frameworks are step-by-step plans that can be followed chronologically during moral case deliberations. Some of these step-by-step plans provide specific moral guidance as to what would constitute a morally acceptable conclusion, while others do not. In this narrative review we will present and discuss the ethical frameworks used for medically complex situations in older people that have been proposed in literature. Twenty-three studies were included in the review, containing seventeen different frameworks. Twenty studies described step-by-step-frameworks, with the number of steps varying from three to twelve. In four studies suggestions were made as how to balance conflicting moral values. Ethical frameworks are meant to assist healthcare professionals who are faced with morally complex decisions in older patients. In our view, these frameworks should contain a step-by-step plan, moral values and an approach to balancing moral values. Acknowledgements: Authors Rozemarijn Lidewij van Bruchem-Visser, Gert van Dijk, Inez de Beaufort, Francesco Mattace-Raso Journal Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics	Medical Ethics: Ethical frameworks for complex medical decision making in older patients: A narrative review Course Detail Medical Ethics: Ethical frameworks for complex medical decision making in older patients: A narrative review R465.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview With an ageing population, physicians are more and more faced with complex medical and moral situations. Medical professional guidelines are often of limited use in these cases. To assist the decision-making process, several ethical frameworks have been proposed. Ethical frameworks are analytical tools that are designed to assist physicians and other involved healthcare workers in complex moral decision-making situations. Most frameworks are step-by-step plans that can be followed chronologically during moral case deliberations. Some of these step-by-step plans provide specific moral guidance as to what would constitute a morally acceptable conclusion, while others do not. In this narrative review we will present and discuss the ethical frameworks used for medically complex situations in older people that have been proposed in literature. Twenty-three studies were included in the review, containing seventeen different frameworks. Twenty studies described step-by-step-frameworks, with the number of steps varying from three to twelve. In four studies suggestions were made as how to balance conflicting moral values. Ethical frameworks are meant to assist healthcare professionals who are faced with morally complex decisions in older patients. In our view, these frameworks should contain a step-by-step plan, moral values and an approach to balancing moral values. Acknowledgements: Authors Rozemarijn Lidewij van Bruchem-Visser, Gert van Dijk, Inez de Beaufort, Francesco Mattace-Raso Journal Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics	3	R465.00
Medical Ethics: Managed Health Care: Protestation and Dissent? Medical Ethics: Managed Health Care: Protestation and Dissent? Overview Recent times has put the words ‘dissent’ and ‘protest’ at the centre of our vocabulary. Practitioners are speaking out against perceived injustices, voicing opposition to interventions they disagree with and organising to effect change. ‘Dissent’ is an expression of opinions at variance with those commonly or officially held. ‘Protest’ is closely related to ‘dissent’ but they are different. ‘Protest is an expression or declaration of objection or disapproval, often in opposition to something where a person is considered powerless to prevent or avoid’. Managed care for SA healthcare in general, is a fact of life. In essence, for the purpose of this article, Managed Health Care can be defined as a group of activities intended to reduce costs of health care provision and providing health insurance whilst improving the quality of care. Managed care, in practical terms encompasses the management of cost, management of information and management of risk. It is important for practitioners to have a reasonable understanding of the principles of managed care and the role of the Managed Care Organisations. At times, there are cries of foul play aimed at the interventions instituted by the managed Care Organisations where, in fact, such interventions are indeed lawful. Author Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics: Managed Health Care: Protestation and Dissent? Course Detail Medical Ethics: Managed Health Care: Protestation and Dissent? R465.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Recent times has put the words ‘dissent’ and ‘protest’ at the centre of our vocabulary. Practitioners are speaking out against perceived injustices, voicing opposition to interventions they disagree with and organising to effect change. ‘Dissent’ is an expression of opinions at variance with those commonly or officially held. ‘Protest’ is closely related to ‘dissent’ but they are different. ‘Protest is an expression or declaration of objection or disapproval, often in opposition to something where a person is considered powerless to prevent or avoid’. Managed care for SA healthcare in general, is a fact of life. In essence, for the purpose of this article, Managed Health Care can be defined as a group of activities intended to reduce costs of health care provision and providing health insurance whilst improving the quality of care. Managed care, in practical terms encompasses the management of cost, management of information and management of risk. It is important for practitioners to have a reasonable understanding of the principles of managed care and the role of the Managed Care Organisations. At times, there are cries of foul play aimed at the interventions instituted by the managed Care Organisations where, in fact, such interventions are indeed lawful. Author Harry Rosen	3	R465.00
Medical Ethics: Ethics in Practice -The Obligations that Define a Profession Medical Ethics: Ethics in Practice -The Obligations that Define a Profession Overview The use of the word ‘profession’ has expanded so far beyond its original meaning that a clear definition has become obscured and marred by colloquial usage. It is not uncommon to find the term ‘professional’ misused to describe sportsmen, tradesmen and even politicians. Yet, when we speak about a ‘professional’ there is a tacit understanding that only individuals engaged in certain occupations belong to that category: doctors, lawyers, teachers. A fundamental distinction between a profession and any other occupation, is that individuals engaged in a profession have an ethical obligation to whomever they provide their services. In other words, a profession is required to have a Code of Ethics. Unlike laws and regulations, which are prescriptive and rigid, the principles of ethics are flexible and how they are applied depends on the individual practitioner. It is these responsibilities and expectations that are the hallmarks of a profession. Author Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics: Ethics in Practice -The Obligations that Define a Profession Course Detail Medical Ethics: Ethics in Practice -The Obligations that Define a Profession R485.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview The use of the word ‘profession’ has expanded so far beyond its original meaning that a clear definition has become obscured and marred by colloquial usage. It is not uncommon to find the term ‘professional’ misused to describe sportsmen, tradesmen and even politicians. Yet, when we speak about a ‘professional’ there is a tacit understanding that only individuals engaged in certain occupations belong to that category: doctors, lawyers, teachers. A fundamental distinction between a profession and any other occupation, is that individuals engaged in a profession have an ethical obligation to whomever they provide their services. In other words, a profession is required to have a Code of Ethics. Unlike laws and regulations, which are prescriptive and rigid, the principles of ethics are flexible and how they are applied depends on the individual practitioner. It is these responsibilities and expectations that are the hallmarks of a profession. Author Harry Rosen	3	R485.00
Medical Ethics - A Labour Intensive 2020 Medical Ethics - A Labour Intensive 2020 A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO LABOUR RELATED ETHICAL AND LEGISLATIVE CHALLENGES IN 2020 Overview The year 2020 has created a world characterised by ‘new norms’, not all of which are because of the COVID 19 pandemic. Examples include the introduction of parental leave entitlement in January 2020 which has been on the cards for some time. Nevertheless, considering the avalanche of information relating specifically to the pandemic, much of which is contradictory , confusion persists for both practice owners and employees when faced with challenges encountered in practice and where the desired guidelines appear unclear. This article addresses commonly encountered experiences in practice in the form of a practical guide to both practitioner and staff member, employer and employee and encompasses Family Responsibility Leave, new Parental Leave legislation, Smoking at Work, Retirement, Chairing Disciplinary Hearings and COVID 19 in the workplace. This article is entitled ‘Labour Intensive 2020’ which indicates a large amount of work in relation to outputs. Indeed, there is work involved to ensure that the appropriate procedures and actions are instituted in accordance with existing ethical and legislative frameworks. Nevertheless, there is a well-known axiom that states that the amount of energy required to fix something is far greater than the energy required to prevent it. Author Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics - A Labour Intensive 2020 Course Detail Medical Ethics - A Labour Intensive 2020 R460.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO LABOUR RELATED ETHICAL AND LEGISLATIVE CHALLENGES IN 2020 Overview The year 2020 has created a world characterised by ‘new norms’, not all of which are because of the COVID 19 pandemic. Examples include the introduction of parental leave entitlement in January 2020 which has been on the cards for some time. Nevertheless, considering the avalanche of information relating specifically to the pandemic, much of which is contradictory , confusion persists for both practice owners and employees when faced with challenges encountered in practice and where the desired guidelines appear unclear. This article addresses commonly encountered experiences in practice in the form of a practical guide to both practitioner and staff member, employer and employee and encompasses Family Responsibility Leave, new Parental Leave legislation, Smoking at Work, Retirement, Chairing Disciplinary Hearings and COVID 19 in the workplace. This article is entitled ‘Labour Intensive 2020’ which indicates a large amount of work in relation to outputs. Indeed, there is work involved to ensure that the appropriate procedures and actions are instituted in accordance with existing ethical and legislative frameworks. Nevertheless, there is a well-known axiom that states that the amount of energy required to fix something is far greater than the energy required to prevent it. Author Harry Rosen	3	R460.00
Medical Ethics: Social Media Violations Medical Ethics: Social Media Violations “I remember when Blackberry and Apple were just fruits.” Overview In practical terms, social media increase connectivity and is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. Social media are forms of electronic communication (such as websites for social networking and microblogging) through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content (such as videos) Businesses large and small are turning to social media as an outreach to potential customers worldwide, to advertise their products and services, and to engage with customers. In recent times we have seen how social signals are becoming an important part of search engine optimization. There is no doubt that a well- planned social media strategy has the potential to make or take down a brand. For example, Lady Gaga (personal branding) quickly became a smash hit, and social media played a major role in her rise to stardom. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and all other social media websites are great communication tools. After all, they help us be connected to people from all over the world. However, if poorly managed they can cause huge damage. Author Harry Rosen	Medical Ethics: Social Media Violations Course Detail Medical Ethics: Social Media Violations R465.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course “I remember when Blackberry and Apple were just fruits.” Overview In practical terms, social media increase connectivity and is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. Social media are forms of electronic communication (such as websites for social networking and microblogging) through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content (such as videos) Businesses large and small are turning to social media as an outreach to potential customers worldwide, to advertise their products and services, and to engage with customers. In recent times we have seen how social signals are becoming an important part of search engine optimization. There is no doubt that a well- planned social media strategy has the potential to make or take down a brand. For example, Lady Gaga (personal branding) quickly became a smash hit, and social media played a major role in her rise to stardom. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and all other social media websites are great communication tools. After all, they help us be connected to people from all over the world. However, if poorly managed they can cause huge damage. Author Harry Rosen	3	R465.00
Medical Ethics: Ethical Guidelines to Social Media Medical Ethics: Ethical Guidelines to Social Media Ethical Guidelines Social Media Overview This guideline was developed to help health practitioners understand their obligations when using Social Media. The guideline applies to all health practitioners registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa Social Media describes the online tools and electronic platforms that people use to share content such as opinions, information, photos, videos, and audio. The use of Social Media is expanding rapidly as individuals and organisations are embracing user-generated content through social networks, internet forums and personal blogs. Health professionals need to be aware that there are potential risks involved in the sharing of information via Social Media, even if the consequences are unintended. A key objective of the HPCSA and its Professional Boards is to guide the profession and protect the public. Some health practitioners may find Social Media beneficial as it allows them to keep updated on the latest healthcare developments through reputable user generated content. Acknowledgement Journal: Ethical and Professional Rules of the Health Professions Council of South Africa	Medical Ethics: Ethical Guidelines to Social Media Course Detail Medical Ethics: Ethical Guidelines to Social Media R425.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Ethical Guidelines Social Media Overview This guideline was developed to help health practitioners understand their obligations when using Social Media. The guideline applies to all health practitioners registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa Social Media describes the online tools and electronic platforms that people use to share content such as opinions, information, photos, videos, and audio. The use of Social Media is expanding rapidly as individuals and organisations are embracing user-generated content through social networks, internet forums and personal blogs. Health professionals need to be aware that there are potential risks involved in the sharing of information via Social Media, even if the consequences are unintended. A key objective of the HPCSA and its Professional Boards is to guide the profession and protect the public. Some health practitioners may find Social Media beneficial as it allows them to keep updated on the latest healthcare developments through reputable user generated content. Acknowledgement Journal: Ethical and Professional Rules of the Health Professions Council of South Africa	3	R425.00
Medical Ethics: Ethical Guidelines for the Withholding and Withdrawing of Treatment Medical Ethics: Ethical Guidelines for the Withholding and Withdrawing of Treatment Overview Health care practitioners have a responsibility to make the care of their patients their first concern. The guidance in these guidelines is intended to provide an ethical framework of good practice for health care practitioners in circumstances where they are faced with making a decision on whether to withhold or withdraw life-prolonging treatment. It takes account of existing law in this area, that allowing for withholding and withdrawing of life sustaining treatments and that which prohibits killing, active euthanasia, and assisted suicide. The health care professional may alleviate the suffering of a terminally ill patient by withholding treatment i.e. allowing the natural process of death to follow its course, provided there is consultation with another health care practitioner who is an expert in the field, and where available, discussions with the closest relatives. The HPCSA also expects health care practitioners to observe the provisions of the World Medical Association Declaration on Terminal Illness. Acknowledgement Journal: Ethical and Professional Rules of the Health Professions Council of South Africa	Medical Ethics: Ethical Guidelines for the Withholding and Withdrawing of Treatment Course Detail Medical Ethics: Ethical Guidelines for the Withholding and Withdrawing of Treatment R485.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Health care practitioners have a responsibility to make the care of their patients their first concern. The guidance in these guidelines is intended to provide an ethical framework of good practice for health care practitioners in circumstances where they are faced with making a decision on whether to withhold or withdraw life-prolonging treatment. It takes account of existing law in this area, that allowing for withholding and withdrawing of life sustaining treatments and that which prohibits killing, active euthanasia, and assisted suicide. The health care professional may alleviate the suffering of a terminally ill patient by withholding treatment i.e. allowing the natural process of death to follow its course, provided there is consultation with another health care practitioner who is an expert in the field, and where available, discussions with the closest relatives. The HPCSA also expects health care practitioners to observe the provisions of the World Medical Association Declaration on Terminal Illness. Acknowledgement Journal: Ethical and Professional Rules of the Health Professions Council of South Africa	3	R485.00
Medical Ethics: Artificial Intelligence Ethics – Too Principled to Fail? Medical Ethics: Artificial Intelligence Ethics – Too Principled to Fail? Overview AI Ethics is now a global topic of discussion in academic and policy circles. At least 63 public-private initiatives have produced statements describing high-level principles, values, and other tenets to guide the ethical development, deployment, and governance of AI. According to recent meta-analyses, AI Ethics has seemingly converged on a set of principles that closely resemble the four classic principles of medical ethics. Despite the initial credibility granted to a principled approach to AI Ethics by the connection to principles in medical ethics, there are reasons to be concerned about its future impact on AI development and governance. Significant differences exist between medicine and AI development that suggest a principled approach in the latter may not enjoy success comparable to the former. Compared to medicine, AI development lacks (1) common aims and fiduciary duties, (2) professional history and norms, (3) proven methods to translate principles into practice, and (4) robust legal and professional accountability mechanisms. These differences suggest we should not yet celebrate consensus around high-level principles that hide deep political and normative disagreement. Acknowledgment Author Brent Mittelstadti Journal Nature Machine Intelligence November 2019	Medical Ethics: Artificial Intelligence Ethics – Too Principled to Fail? Course Detail Medical Ethics: Artificial Intelligence Ethics – Too Principled to Fail? R420.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview AI Ethics is now a global topic of discussion in academic and policy circles. At least 63 public-private initiatives have produced statements describing high-level principles, values, and other tenets to guide the ethical development, deployment, and governance of AI. According to recent meta-analyses, AI Ethics has seemingly converged on a set of principles that closely resemble the four classic principles of medical ethics. Despite the initial credibility granted to a principled approach to AI Ethics by the connection to principles in medical ethics, there are reasons to be concerned about its future impact on AI development and governance. Significant differences exist between medicine and AI development that suggest a principled approach in the latter may not enjoy success comparable to the former. Compared to medicine, AI development lacks (1) common aims and fiduciary duties, (2) professional history and norms, (3) proven methods to translate principles into practice, and (4) robust legal and professional accountability mechanisms. These differences suggest we should not yet celebrate consensus around high-level principles that hide deep political and normative disagreement. Acknowledgment Author Brent Mittelstadti Journal Nature Machine Intelligence November 2019	3	R420.00
Medical Ethics: What is the place for philosophy within the field of medicine? A review of contemporary issues in medical ethics Medical Ethics: What is the place for philosophy within the field of medicine? A review of contemporary issues in medical ethics Overview This extended essay seeks to unpack some of the key aspects of philosophy which are applicable to medical thought and practice. It proceeds via an analytical discussion of the contemporary debate in three key areas of medical ethics: euthanasia, concepts of health and disease and psychiatry. The main claims are as follows: 1. The case for legalising euthanasia is strong on philosophical grounds but there are numerous practical obstacles. 2. Elements from the normative and naturalistic definitions of disease are necessary for a thorough definition that dodges common objections to either. 3. Mental health cannot be subsumed under a purely physicalist model of health rendering it distinctly different from other fields in Medicine. Through a detailed discussion of three salient issues in the philosophy of medicine, it is argued that the application of profound philosophical thought to medicine and its practices reveals a depth that necessitates exploration before simply following the aims of curing all. Philosophical rigour matched with modern medicine has the potential to engage patients and help them make independent, informed decisions and assist physicians to think more clearly, analytically and empathetically. Acknowledgement Author Richard Fenton Journal Philosophy, Ethics and Humanities in Medicine	Medical Ethics: What is the place for philosophy within the field of medicine? A review of contemporary issues in medical ethics Course Detail Medical Ethics: What is the place for philosophy within the field of medicine? A review of contemporary issues in medical ethics R465.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview This extended essay seeks to unpack some of the key aspects of philosophy which are applicable to medical thought and practice. It proceeds via an analytical discussion of the contemporary debate in three key areas of medical ethics: euthanasia, concepts of health and disease and psychiatry. The main claims are as follows: 1. The case for legalising euthanasia is strong on philosophical grounds but there are numerous practical obstacles. 2. Elements from the normative and naturalistic definitions of disease are necessary for a thorough definition that dodges common objections to either. 3. Mental health cannot be subsumed under a purely physicalist model of health rendering it distinctly different from other fields in Medicine. Through a detailed discussion of three salient issues in the philosophy of medicine, it is argued that the application of profound philosophical thought to medicine and its practices reveals a depth that necessitates exploration before simply following the aims of curing all. Philosophical rigour matched with modern medicine has the potential to engage patients and help them make independent, informed decisions and assist physicians to think more clearly, analytically and empathetically. Acknowledgement Author Richard Fenton Journal Philosophy, Ethics and Humanities in Medicine	3	R465.00
Medical Ethics: Medical Students’ Perspectives on Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide and Their Views on Legalising These Practices in SA Medical Ethics: Medical Students’ Perspectives on Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide and Their Views on Legalising These Practices in SA Overview Euthanasia/physician assisted suicide have been a controversial and sometimes taboo topic for a long time, not only in SA but also internationally. A recent (SA) judicial case has seen the topic debated again. Consensus on accepting or abolishing these practices in SA has yet to be reached. All relevant role players need to be adequately engaged before policy can be informed. The objectives were to determine the views of future doctors (medical students) regarding euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (PAS) and to ascertain their stance on its legalisation in South Africa (SA). Many factors influenced participants’ responses, but differences in opinion between and within the various religious groups were particularly evident in the responses received/ More than half the respondents in this study were open to legalising euthanasia/PAS, substantially more than in previous studies. However, only 41.9% of respondents would consider performing euthanasia/ PAS, for certain patients. Views of other healthcare workers as well as the public are required before policy can be informed. Acknowledgement Authors R K Jacobs and M Hendricks Journal SAMJ RESEARCH	Medical Ethics: Medical Students’ Perspectives on Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide and Their Views on Legalising These Practices in SA Course Detail Medical Ethics: Medical Students’ Perspectives on Euthanasia and Physician Assisted Suicide and Their Views on Legalising These Practices in SA R425.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Euthanasia/physician assisted suicide have been a controversial and sometimes taboo topic for a long time, not only in SA but also internationally. A recent (SA) judicial case has seen the topic debated again. Consensus on accepting or abolishing these practices in SA has yet to be reached. All relevant role players need to be adequately engaged before policy can be informed. The objectives were to determine the views of future doctors (medical students) regarding euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (PAS) and to ascertain their stance on its legalisation in South Africa (SA). Many factors influenced participants’ responses, but differences in opinion between and within the various religious groups were particularly evident in the responses received/ More than half the respondents in this study were open to legalising euthanasia/PAS, substantially more than in previous studies. However, only 41.9% of respondents would consider performing euthanasia/ PAS, for certain patients. Views of other healthcare workers as well as the public are required before policy can be informed. Acknowledgement Authors R K Jacobs and M Hendricks Journal SAMJ RESEARCH	3	R425.00
QTc interval prolongation during favipiravir therapy in an Ebolavirus-infected patient QTc interval prolongation during favipiravir therapy in an Ebolavirus-infected patient Overview Life-threatening arrhythmia may be induced by corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation. Several antimicrobial drugs have been associated with QTc interval prolongation. Favipiravir is an inhibitor of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of many RNA viruses, including influenza viruses, arenaviruses, phleboviruses, hantaviruses, flaviviruses, enteroviruses, and noroviruses. Favipiravir has also been used in the recent epidemic of Ebolavirus (EBOV) in West Africa. To date, no significant effects of favipiravir on the QT/QTc interval have been detected. We report a case of QTc interval prolongation during favipiravir therapy in an EBOV-infected patient treated at our institution. In conclusion, we suggest that favipiravir administered at high doses, together with the cofactors discussed above, may have contributed to inducing a QTc interval prolongation in our EBOV patient. If feasible, ECG monitoring could be advisable during high-dose favipiravir therapy, especially when patients experience electrolyte disturbances and concomitant use of drugs with QTc-prolonging potential. Encephalitis or central nervous system (CNS) pathology may have a role in prolonging QT interval. Acknowledgement Authors Pierangelo Chinello, Nicola Petrosillo, Silvia Pittalis, Gianluigi Biava, Giuseppe Ippolito, Emanuele Nicastri, on behalf of the INMI Ebola Team Journal PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Publisher Cross Mark	QTc interval prolongation during favipiravir therapy in an Ebolavirus-infected patient Course Detail QTc interval prolongation during favipiravir therapy in an Ebolavirus-infected patient R390.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Life-threatening arrhythmia may be induced by corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation. Several antimicrobial drugs have been associated with QTc interval prolongation. Favipiravir is an inhibitor of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of many RNA viruses, including influenza viruses, arenaviruses, phleboviruses, hantaviruses, flaviviruses, enteroviruses, and noroviruses. Favipiravir has also been used in the recent epidemic of Ebolavirus (EBOV) in West Africa. To date, no significant effects of favipiravir on the QT/QTc interval have been detected. We report a case of QTc interval prolongation during favipiravir therapy in an EBOV-infected patient treated at our institution. In conclusion, we suggest that favipiravir administered at high doses, together with the cofactors discussed above, may have contributed to inducing a QTc interval prolongation in our EBOV patient. If feasible, ECG monitoring could be advisable during high-dose favipiravir therapy, especially when patients experience electrolyte disturbances and concomitant use of drugs with QTc-prolonging potential. Encephalitis or central nervous system (CNS) pathology may have a role in prolonging QT interval. Acknowledgement Authors Pierangelo Chinello, Nicola Petrosillo, Silvia Pittalis, Gianluigi Biava, Giuseppe Ippolito, Emanuele Nicastri, on behalf of the INMI Ebola Team Journal PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Publisher Cross Mark	3	R390.00
Medical Ethics: Challenges in Expanding Access to Dialysis in South Africa—Expensive Modalities, Cost Constraints and Human Rights Medical Ethics: Challenges in Expanding Access to Dialysis in South Africa—Expensive Modalities, Cost Constraints and Human Rights Medical Ethics: Challenges in Expanding Access to Dialysis in South Africa—Expensive Modalities, Cost Constraints and Human Rights Overview South Africa is a country with two distinct health sectors, which are both characterised by inequalities. Within this context, patients with end stage renal disease face unique and sometimes impenetrable barriers to accessing dialysis. There are a number of reasons for this situation, which include the South African government’s endorsement of discordant, unequal policies, which disadvantage the most vulnerable; a lack of robust national guidelines; and divisive rationing practices, which are ad hoc and place the burden of responsibility for rationing dialysis on the clinician. In this paper, we trace the socio-economic mechanisms of how we have come to be in this situation, and overlay this with a detailed examination of South African legislation. Finally, we make comprehensive practical recommendations for rectifying the situation, which include engagement with key stakeholders, public-private partnerships, and more equitable funding mechanisms. Acknowledgement Authors Harriet Etheredge and June Fabian Journal Healthcare (Basel) Volume 5 Issue 3	Medical Ethics: Challenges in Expanding Access to Dialysis in South Africa—Expensive Modalities, Cost Constraints and Human Rights Course Detail Medical Ethics: Challenges in Expanding Access to Dialysis in South Africa—Expensive Modalities, Cost Constraints and Human Rights R455.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Medical Ethics: Challenges in Expanding Access to Dialysis in South Africa—Expensive Modalities, Cost Constraints and Human Rights Overview South Africa is a country with two distinct health sectors, which are both characterised by inequalities. Within this context, patients with end stage renal disease face unique and sometimes impenetrable barriers to accessing dialysis. There are a number of reasons for this situation, which include the South African government’s endorsement of discordant, unequal policies, which disadvantage the most vulnerable; a lack of robust national guidelines; and divisive rationing practices, which are ad hoc and place the burden of responsibility for rationing dialysis on the clinician. In this paper, we trace the socio-economic mechanisms of how we have come to be in this situation, and overlay this with a detailed examination of South African legislation. Finally, we make comprehensive practical recommendations for rectifying the situation, which include engagement with key stakeholders, public-private partnerships, and more equitable funding mechanisms. Acknowledgement Authors Harriet Etheredge and June Fabian Journal Healthcare (Basel) Volume 5 Issue 3	3	R455.00
Structure and assembly of the Ebola virus nucleocapsid Structure and assembly of the Ebola virus nucleocapsid Structure and assembly of the Ebola virus nucleocapsid Overview Ebola and Marburg viruses are filoviruses: filamentous, enveloped viruses that cause haemorrhagic fever1. Filoviruses are within the order Mononegavirales2 which also includes rabies virus, measles virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Mononegaviruses have non-segmented, single-stranded negative-sense RNA genomes that are encapsidated by nucleoprotein (NP) and other viral proteins to form a helical nucleocapsid (NC). NC acts as a scaffold for virus assembly and as a template for genome transcription and replication. Insights into NP-NP interactions have been derived from structural studies of oligomerized, RNA-encapsidating NP3–6 and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) of NC7–12 or NC-like structures11–13. There have been no high-resolution reconstructions of complete mononegavirus NCs. Here, we have applied cryo-electron tomography and sub-tomogram averaging to determine the structure of Ebola virus NC within intact viruses and recombinant NC-like assemblies. These structures reveal the identity and arrangement of the NC components, and suggest that the formation of an extended alpha-helix from the disordered C-terminal region of NP-core links NP oligomerization, NC condensation, RNA encapsidation, and accessory protein recruitment. Acknowledgement Author William Wan, Larissa Kolesnikova, Mairi Clarke, Alexander Koehler, Takeshi Noda, Stephan Becker and John A. G. Briggs. Journal Nature. 2017 November 16; 551(7680-397) Publisher URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5714281/pdf/emss-74396.pdf	Structure and assembly of the Ebola virus nucleocapsid Course Detail Structure and assembly of the Ebola virus nucleocapsid R455.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Structure and assembly of the Ebola virus nucleocapsid Overview Ebola and Marburg viruses are filoviruses: filamentous, enveloped viruses that cause haemorrhagic fever1. Filoviruses are within the order Mononegavirales2 which also includes rabies virus, measles virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Mononegaviruses have non-segmented, single-stranded negative-sense RNA genomes that are encapsidated by nucleoprotein (NP) and other viral proteins to form a helical nucleocapsid (NC). NC acts as a scaffold for virus assembly and as a template for genome transcription and replication. Insights into NP-NP interactions have been derived from structural studies of oligomerized, RNA-encapsidating NP3–6 and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) of NC7–12 or NC-like structures11–13. There have been no high-resolution reconstructions of complete mononegavirus NCs. Here, we have applied cryo-electron tomography and sub-tomogram averaging to determine the structure of Ebola virus NC within intact viruses and recombinant NC-like assemblies. These structures reveal the identity and arrangement of the NC components, and suggest that the formation of an extended alpha-helix from the disordered C-terminal region of NP-core links NP oligomerization, NC condensation, RNA encapsidation, and accessory protein recruitment. Acknowledgement Author William Wan, Larissa Kolesnikova, Mairi Clarke, Alexander Koehler, Takeshi Noda, Stephan Becker and John A. G. Briggs. Journal Nature. 2017 November 16; 551(7680-397) Publisher URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5714281/pdf/emss-74396.pdf	3	R455.00
Establishing Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) diagnostics using GeneXpert technology at a mobile laboratory in Liberia: Impact on outbreak response, case management and laboratory systems strengthening Establishing Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) diagnostics using GeneXpert technology at a mobile laboratory in Liberia: Impact on outbreak response, case management and laboratory systems strengthening Establishing Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) diagnostics using GeneXpert technology at a mobile laboratory in Liberia: Impact on outbreak response, case management and laboratory systems strengthening Overview The 2014-16 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa highlighted the necessity for readily available, accurate and rapid diagnostics. The magnitude of the outbreak and the re-emergence of clusters of EVD cases following the declaration of interrupted transmission in Liberia, reinforced the need for sustained diagnostics to support surveillance and emergency preparedness. We describe implementation of the Xpert Ebola Assay, a rapid molecular diagnostic test run on the GeneXpert platform, and the subsequent impact on EVD outbreak response, case management and laboratory system strengthening. During the 18 months of operation, the laboratory tested a total of 9,063 blood specimens, including 21 EVD positives from six confirmed cases during two outbreaks. Collaboration between surveillance and laboratory coordination teams during this and a later outbreak in March 2016, facilitated timely and targeted response interventions. This model of a mobile laboratory equipped with Xpert Ebola test, staffed by local laboratory technicians, could serve to strengthen outbreak preparedness and response for future outbreaks of EVD in Liberia and the region. Acknowledgement Authors Philomena Raftery, Orla Condell, Christine Wasunna, Jonathan Kpaka, Ruth Zwizwai, Mahmood Nuha, Mosoka Fallah, Maxwell Freeman, Victoria Harris, Mark Miller, April Baller, Moses Massaquoi, Victoria Katawera, John Saindon, Philip Bemah, Esther Hamblion, Evelyn Castle, Desmond Williams, Alex Gasasira, Tolbert Nyenswah. Journal PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Volume 12 Issue 1 Publisher Cross Mark URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5755746/pdf/pntd.0006135.pdf	Establishing Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) diagnostics using GeneXpert technology at a mobile laboratory in Liberia: Impact on outbreak response, case management and laboratory systems strengthening Course Detail Establishing Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) diagnostics using GeneXpert technology at a mobile laboratory in Liberia: Impact on outbreak response, case management and laboratory systems strengthening R465.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Establishing Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) diagnostics using GeneXpert technology at a mobile laboratory in Liberia: Impact on outbreak response, case management and laboratory systems strengthening Overview The 2014-16 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa highlighted the necessity for readily available, accurate and rapid diagnostics. The magnitude of the outbreak and the re-emergence of clusters of EVD cases following the declaration of interrupted transmission in Liberia, reinforced the need for sustained diagnostics to support surveillance and emergency preparedness. We describe implementation of the Xpert Ebola Assay, a rapid molecular diagnostic test run on the GeneXpert platform, and the subsequent impact on EVD outbreak response, case management and laboratory system strengthening. During the 18 months of operation, the laboratory tested a total of 9,063 blood specimens, including 21 EVD positives from six confirmed cases during two outbreaks. Collaboration between surveillance and laboratory coordination teams during this and a later outbreak in March 2016, facilitated timely and targeted response interventions. This model of a mobile laboratory equipped with Xpert Ebola test, staffed by local laboratory technicians, could serve to strengthen outbreak preparedness and response for future outbreaks of EVD in Liberia and the region. Acknowledgement Authors Philomena Raftery, Orla Condell, Christine Wasunna, Jonathan Kpaka, Ruth Zwizwai, Mahmood Nuha, Mosoka Fallah, Maxwell Freeman, Victoria Harris, Mark Miller, April Baller, Moses Massaquoi, Victoria Katawera, John Saindon, Philip Bemah, Esther Hamblion, Evelyn Castle, Desmond Williams, Alex Gasasira, Tolbert Nyenswah. Journal PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Volume 12 Issue 1 Publisher Cross Mark URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5755746/pdf/pntd.0006135.pdf	3	R465.00
Soil-transmitted helminth infection, loss of education and cognitive impairment in school-aged children: systematic review Overview Soil-transmitted helminth infection, loss of education and cognitive impairment in school-aged children: systematic review Overview Soil-transmitted helminth infection, loss of education and cognitive impairment in school-aged children: systematic review Overview Cardiovascular evidence of an adverse influence of soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections on cognitive function and educational loss is equivocal. Prior meta-analyses have focused on randomized controlled trials only and have not sufficiently explored the potential for disparate influence of STH infection by cognitive domain. We re-examine the hypothesis that STH infection is associated with cognitive deficit and educational loss using data from all primary epidemiologic studies published since 2016. Cognitive function was defined in four domains (learning, memory, reaction time and innate intelligence) and educational loss in two domains (attendance and scholastic achievement). Sub-group analyses were implemented by study design, risk of bias (ROB) and co-prevalence of Schistosoma species infection. Influential studies were excluded in sensitivity analysis to examine stability of pooled estimates. Despite the empirical debate regarding the cognitive benefit of de-worming for STH, the current ethical, clinical and health policy environments remain strongly skewed in favor of de-worming for child growth, prevention of anaemia and potentially avoidance of preventable cognitive deficits Acknowledgement Author Noel Pabalan, Eloisa Singian, Lani Tabangay, Hamdi Jarjanazi, Michael J. Boivin, Amara E. Ezeamama Journal PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5766095/pdf/pntd.0005523.pdf Publisher Cross Mark	Soil-transmitted helminth infection, loss of education and cognitive impairment in school-aged children: systematic review Overview Course Detail Soil-transmitted helminth infection, loss of education and cognitive impairment in school-aged children: systematic review Overview R465.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Soil-transmitted helminth infection, loss of education and cognitive impairment in school-aged children: systematic review Overview Cardiovascular evidence of an adverse influence of soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections on cognitive function and educational loss is equivocal. Prior meta-analyses have focused on randomized controlled trials only and have not sufficiently explored the potential for disparate influence of STH infection by cognitive domain. We re-examine the hypothesis that STH infection is associated with cognitive deficit and educational loss using data from all primary epidemiologic studies published since 2016. Cognitive function was defined in four domains (learning, memory, reaction time and innate intelligence) and educational loss in two domains (attendance and scholastic achievement). Sub-group analyses were implemented by study design, risk of bias (ROB) and co-prevalence of Schistosoma species infection. Influential studies were excluded in sensitivity analysis to examine stability of pooled estimates. Despite the empirical debate regarding the cognitive benefit of de-worming for STH, the current ethical, clinical and health policy environments remain strongly skewed in favor of de-worming for child growth, prevention of anaemia and potentially avoidance of preventable cognitive deficits Acknowledgement Author Noel Pabalan, Eloisa Singian, Lani Tabangay, Hamdi Jarjanazi, Michael J. Boivin, Amara E. Ezeamama Journal PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5766095/pdf/pntd.0005523.pdf Publisher Cross Mark	3	R465.00
Medical Ethics: Ethical considerations in forensic genetics research on tissue samples collected post-mortem in Cape Town, South Africa. Medical Ethics: Ethical considerations in forensic genetics research on tissue samples collected post-mortem in Cape Town, South Africa. Overview The use of tissue collected at a forensic post-mortem for forensic genetics research purposes remains of ethical concern as the process involves obtaining informed consent from grieving family members. Two forensic genetics research studies using tissue collected from a forensic post-mortem were recently initiated at our institution and were the first of their kind to be conducted in Cape Town, South Africa. This article discusses some of the ethical challenges that were encountered in these research projects. Among these challenges was the adaptation of research workflows to fit in with an exceptionally busy service delivery that is operating with limited resources. Whilst seeking guidance from the literature regarding research on deceased populations, it was noted that next of kin of decedents are not formally recognised as a vulnerable group in the existing ethical and legal frameworks in South Africa. The authors recommend that research in the forensic mortuary setting is approached using guidance for vulnerable groups, and the benefit to risk standard needs to be strongly justified. Lastly, when planning forensic genetics research, consideration must be given to the potential of uncovering incidental findings, funding to validate these findings and the feedback of results to family members; the latter of which is recommended to occur through a genetic counsellor. In conclusion it is hoped that these experiences will contribute towards a formal framework for conducting forensic genetic research in medico-legal mortuaries in South Africa. Acknowledgement Author: Heathfield LJ, Maistry S, Martin LJ, Ramesar R, de Vries J Journal: BMC medical ethics. Publisher: BioMed Central	Medical Ethics: Ethical considerations in forensic genetics research on tissue samples collected post-mortem in Cape Town, South Africa. Course Detail Medical Ethics: Ethical considerations in forensic genetics research on tissue samples collected post-mortem in Cape Town, South Africa. R370.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview The use of tissue collected at a forensic post-mortem for forensic genetics research purposes remains of ethical concern as the process involves obtaining informed consent from grieving family members. Two forensic genetics research studies using tissue collected from a forensic post-mortem were recently initiated at our institution and were the first of their kind to be conducted in Cape Town, South Africa. This article discusses some of the ethical challenges that were encountered in these research projects. Among these challenges was the adaptation of research workflows to fit in with an exceptionally busy service delivery that is operating with limited resources. Whilst seeking guidance from the literature regarding research on deceased populations, it was noted that next of kin of decedents are not formally recognised as a vulnerable group in the existing ethical and legal frameworks in South Africa. The authors recommend that research in the forensic mortuary setting is approached using guidance for vulnerable groups, and the benefit to risk standard needs to be strongly justified. Lastly, when planning forensic genetics research, consideration must be given to the potential of uncovering incidental findings, funding to validate these findings and the feedback of results to family members; the latter of which is recommended to occur through a genetic counsellor. In conclusion it is hoped that these experiences will contribute towards a formal framework for conducting forensic genetic research in medico-legal mortuaries in South Africa. Acknowledgement Author: Heathfield LJ, Maistry S, Martin LJ, Ramesar R, de Vries J Journal: BMC medical ethics. Publisher: BioMed Central	3	R370.00
Standard of care and guidelines in prevention and diagnosis of venous thromboembolism: medico-legal implications. Standard of care and guidelines in prevention and diagnosis of venous thromboembolism: medico-legal implications. Overview Concerning recent Italian laws and jurisprudential statements, guidelines application involves several difficulties in clinical practice, regarding prevention, diagnosis and therapy of venous thromboembolism. International scientific community systematically developed statements about this disease in order to optimize the available resources in prophylaxis, diagnosis and therapy. Incongruous prevention, missed or delayed diagnosis and/or inadequate treatment of this disease can frequently give rise to medico-legal litigation. Acknowledgement Author: Vassalini M, Verzeletti A, De Ferrari F Journal: Monaldi archives for chest disease Publisher: PIME Editrice http://www.monaldi-archives.org/index.php/macd/article/view/25/728	Standard of care and guidelines in prevention and diagnosis of venous thromboembolism: medico-legal implications. Course Detail Standard of care and guidelines in prevention and diagnosis of venous thromboembolism: medico-legal implications. R430.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course Overview Concerning recent Italian laws and jurisprudential statements, guidelines application involves several difficulties in clinical practice, regarding prevention, diagnosis and therapy of venous thromboembolism. International scientific community systematically developed statements about this disease in order to optimize the available resources in prophylaxis, diagnosis and therapy. Incongruous prevention, missed or delayed diagnosis and/or inadequate treatment of this disease can frequently give rise to medico-legal litigation. Acknowledgement Author: Vassalini M, Verzeletti A, De Ferrari F Journal: Monaldi archives for chest disease Publisher: PIME Editrice http://www.monaldi-archives.org/index.php/macd/article/view/25/728	3	R430.00
Medical Ethics: A Private Right Called Bill. Medical Ethics: A Private Right Called Bill. OVERVIEW Privacy is defined by a number of English dictionaries as the quality or condition of being secluded from the presence or view of others. More appropriately privacy is also defined as’ the state of being free from unsanctioned intrusion’. In 2014, with the advent information technology advances, social networking, sale of database information and negligent protection of personal information, in general, amongst others, the necessity to protect personal and private information has been recognized by the law makers. As such, protection of personal information has been incorporated in various forms of legislation, including the SA Constitution, The Patients’ Rights Charter, the Health Professions Act and the very recent Protection of Personal Information Act (POPI). The Health Professions Council obligates all registered practitioners to comply with Continuing Professional Development (CPD). The importance of Ethics, Human Rights and Medical Law is emphasized. This article thus encompasses all three in the form of an overview related to the respect for privacy. Of significance is the Bill of Rights.	Medical Ethics: A Private Right Called Bill. Course Detail Medical Ethics: A Private Right Called Bill. R400.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course OVERVIEW Privacy is defined by a number of English dictionaries as the quality or condition of being secluded from the presence or view of others. More appropriately privacy is also defined as’ the state of being free from unsanctioned intrusion’. In 2014, with the advent information technology advances, social networking, sale of database information and negligent protection of personal information, in general, amongst others, the necessity to protect personal and private information has been recognized by the law makers. As such, protection of personal information has been incorporated in various forms of legislation, including the SA Constitution, The Patients’ Rights Charter, the Health Professions Act and the very recent Protection of Personal Information Act (POPI). The Health Professions Council obligates all registered practitioners to comply with Continuing Professional Development (CPD). The importance of Ethics, Human Rights and Medical Law is emphasized. This article thus encompasses all three in the form of an overview related to the respect for privacy. Of significance is the Bill of Rights.	3	R400.00
Medical Ethics: Communication in the Doctor Patient Relationship. Medical Ethics: Communication in the Doctor Patient Relationship. OVERVIEW The word ‘communication’ is derived from the Latin, ‘communis’ meaning ‘commonness’. In essence, effective communication is the establishment of a common frame of reference between practitioner and patient i.e. ‘all on the same page‘. At least as long ago as the writing of the Hippocratic Oath, it was well understood that physicians’ communication with their patients was an essential part of successful therapy. The relationship between a practitioner and patient should be based upon trust, which develops primarily through communication. In much of health care, accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment depend upon the patient’s truthful and complete disclosure of personal health information. Communication is also a process involving the ‘transmitter’ and receivers. These roles, with particular reference to the practitioner/patient relationship, are interchangeable. There are skills required as there are ethical considerations.	Medical Ethics: Communication in the Doctor Patient Relationship. Course Detail Medical Ethics: Communication in the Doctor Patient Relationship. R350.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course OVERVIEW The word ‘communication’ is derived from the Latin, ‘communis’ meaning ‘commonness’. In essence, effective communication is the establishment of a common frame of reference between practitioner and patient i.e. ‘all on the same page‘. At least as long ago as the writing of the Hippocratic Oath, it was well understood that physicians’ communication with their patients was an essential part of successful therapy. The relationship between a practitioner and patient should be based upon trust, which develops primarily through communication. In much of health care, accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment depend upon the patient’s truthful and complete disclosure of personal health information. Communication is also a process involving the ‘transmitter’ and receivers. These roles, with particular reference to the practitioner/patient relationship, are interchangeable. There are skills required as there are ethical considerations.	3	R350.00
Medical Ethics: What Do International Ethics Guidelines Say In Terms of The Scope of Medical Research Ethics Medical Ethics: What Do International Ethics Guidelines Say In Terms of The Scope of Medical Research Ethics OVERVIEW The question of ‘which is an ethical issue and which is not’ often arises doing research ethics. There are however many internationally known ethic guidelines and depending on which ethics guideline we consult, we may have various answers to this question. It is however ironical that we do not have a harmonized document which tells us what these various guidelines say and shows us the areas of consensus. For this study, we extracted relevant information or imperatives from five internationally-known ethics guidelines and took note where the imperatives came from. Results of this research nonetheless indicated that there is no consensus on many of the imperatives and that in only 8.2 % of the imperatives were there at least moderate consensus. The results further indicated that there was a lack of consensus in most of imperatives from the five internationally-known ethics guidelines. The reason was however partly attributed to the differences among the guidelines in terms of their levels of specification as well as conceptual/ideological differences. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Rosemarie D. L. C. Bernabe, Ghislaine J. M. W. van Thiel and Johannes J. M. van Delden JOURNAL: BMC Medical Ethics	Medical Ethics: What Do International Ethics Guidelines Say In Terms of The Scope of Medical Research Ethics Course Detail Medical Ethics: What Do International Ethics Guidelines Say In Terms of The Scope of Medical Research Ethics R330.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course OVERVIEW The question of ‘which is an ethical issue and which is not’ often arises doing research ethics. There are however many internationally known ethic guidelines and depending on which ethics guideline we consult, we may have various answers to this question. It is however ironical that we do not have a harmonized document which tells us what these various guidelines say and shows us the areas of consensus. For this study, we extracted relevant information or imperatives from five internationally-known ethics guidelines and took note where the imperatives came from. Results of this research nonetheless indicated that there is no consensus on many of the imperatives and that in only 8.2 % of the imperatives were there at least moderate consensus. The results further indicated that there was a lack of consensus in most of imperatives from the five internationally-known ethics guidelines. The reason was however partly attributed to the differences among the guidelines in terms of their levels of specification as well as conceptual/ideological differences. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Rosemarie D. L. C. Bernabe, Ghislaine J. M. W. van Thiel and Johannes J. M. van Delden JOURNAL: BMC Medical Ethics	3	R330.00
Retrospective analysis of the quality of reports by author-suggested and non-author-suggested reviewers in journals operating on open or single-blind peer review models. Retrospective analysis of the quality of reports by author-suggested and non-author-suggested reviewers in journals operating on open or single-blind peer review models. OVERVIEW The three types of peer review models mostly operated by scholarly journals include single blind, where the reviewers know the identity of the authors but not vice versa; open peer review, where authors and reviewers both know each other’s identity, and finally, the double-blind peer review where the author and reviewer names are both blinded. The objective of this research was to assess whether reports from reviewers recommended by authors show a bias in quality and recommendation for editorial decision, compared with reviewers suggested by other parties, and whether reviewer reports for journals operating on open or single-blind peer review models differ about report quality and reviewer recommendations. The design of this study was nonetheless, a retrospective analysis of the quality of reviewer reports using an established Review Quality Instrument, and analysis of reviewer recommendations and author satisfaction surveys. The samples used for this research were two hundred reviewer reports submitted to BMC Infectious Diseases, 200 reviewer reports submitted to BMC Microbiology and 400 reviewer reports submitted to the Journal of Inflammation. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Maria K Kowalczuk, Frank Dudbridge, Shreeya Nanda, Stephanie L Harriman, Jigisha Patel, Elizabeth C Moylan JOURNAL: Communication Research PUBLISHER: BMJ Open URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com	Retrospective analysis of the quality of reports by author-suggested and non-author-suggested reviewers in journals operating on open or single-blind peer review models. Course Detail Retrospective analysis of the quality of reports by author-suggested and non-author-suggested reviewers in journals operating on open or single-blind peer review models. R355.00 \| 3 CEUs Add to Cart Online Course OVERVIEW The three types of peer review models mostly operated by scholarly journals include single blind, where the reviewers know the identity of the authors but not vice versa; open peer review, where authors and reviewers both know each other’s identity, and finally, the double-blind peer review where the author and reviewer names are both blinded. The objective of this research was to assess whether reports from reviewers recommended by authors show a bias in quality and recommendation for editorial decision, compared with reviewers suggested by other parties, and whether reviewer reports for journals operating on open or single-blind peer review models differ about report quality and reviewer recommendations. The design of this study was nonetheless, a retrospective analysis of the quality of reviewer reports using an established Review Quality Instrument, and analysis of reviewer recommendations and author satisfaction surveys. The samples used for this research were two hundred reviewer reports submitted to BMC Infectious Diseases, 200 reviewer reports submitted to BMC Microbiology and 400 reviewer reports submitted to the Journal of Inflammation. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Maria K Kowalczuk, Frank Dudbridge, Shreeya Nanda, Stephanie L Harriman, Jigisha Patel, Elizabeth C Moylan JOURNAL: Communication Research PUBLISHER: BMJ Open URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com	3	R355.00

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Viral Pneumonia Part 1

R420.00

Viral Pneumonia Part 1

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Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programme is designed to assist you as a health practitioner to maintain and develop your academic and professional credentials. It keeps you up-to-date with the latest development and upgrades your knowledge, skills and capabilities enabling you to be effective and compliant.

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cpdexpress offers you a quick, convenient and affordable one-stop-shop platform where you can acquire all your CPD points by means of online courses in order to be compliant with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA). CPD points are mandatory in order for you to retain your professional license.

cpdexpress developed an automated platform providing Continuing Professional Development, which Health Care Providers can make use of, from the convenience of their office/home at a time suitable to them.

cpdexpress offers you a wide variety of courses (20-50 per discipline) to select from. Each course is followed by a multiple choice questionnaire (MCQ), which once passed (70% pass rate required), you will obtain CPD points (usually 3 points per course) towards the total number of CPD points required by HPCSA (typically 30 points per annum plus 6 Ethics points which can all be obtained online).

Once the assessment is passed a certificate is issued and will be emailed to you as well as being available to be downloaded immediately or any other time in the future. All the courses which we offer are HPCSA accredited and where applicable health professional can apply for cross accreditation with the AHPCSA.

Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) randomly audits their registered practitioners and if they are not compliant they have 6 months in which to obtain their CPD points.

cpdexpress offers individual courses at competitive prices as well as a package deal at a significantly reduced rate if the professional elects to acquire all 30 CPD points (typically 10 courses) in order to obtain the total number of CPD points required (typically 30 + 6 Ethics for health practitioners)

HOW DOES IT WORK

cpdexpress offers you a quick, convenient and affordable one-stop-shop platform where you can acquire CPD points by means of on-line courses. cpdexpress offers you a wide variety of courses (20-50 per discipline) to select from.

All courses which are relevant to your discipline are grouped under one heading. You therefore need to navigate to the discipline, which is relevant to you. To do that simply start typing the name of your discipline (e.g. General Practitioner, Paramedics, Physiotherapy ...) in the search bar and as you start typing the predictive search feature will immediately start displaying the relevant disciplines.

Click on the correct discipline and you the courses which are relevant to you will be displayed. You may purchase individual courses at competitive prices or one of our package deals at a significantly reduced rate if you elect to acquire all 30 CPD points (typically 10 courses), or 15 or 9 CPD point packages if that better suits your needs.

Once you select the courses or the package which suit your needs you will be able to attend the online course and exams. When you are ready to purchase your certificate of accreditation for that particular course/s you will be required to follow a simple registration process (email, title, name, practice number…). It is important to pay careful attention to the details you enter as the certificate for the courses attended online will be issued accordingly. You will then have the option of buying a "credit package" if you haven't already done so, or to use available credits for the course, or to purchase the course using a credit card. If you are purchasing a package or a course you will then be directed to a secure payment page where you will be offered a variety of payment options. Once your payment is successfully processed you will be able to attend the online courses at your leisure. Each course is followed by a multiple choice questionnaire (MCQ), which once passed (70% pass rate required), you will obtain CPD points (usually 3 points per course) towards the total number of CPD points required by HPCSA (typically 30 points per annum plus 6 Ethics points which points are valid for 2 years). If you fail the exam you will have two more attempts to pass at no additional costs. HPCSA allows a maximum of 3 attempts to pass an exam.

Once the assessment is passed a certificate is issued and is available to be downloaded immediately or any time in the future. The CPD Certificate will be issued to the name and HPCSA Registration Number which you provided on registration, you therefore need to make sure that both the name and the HPCSA number entered are correct.

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