 | | First Aid | First Aid
Overview
This First Aid module provides structured, practical learning that is directly relevant to professional practice. It equips participants with essential knowledge and decision-making skills needed to respond appropriately in emergency situations, while reinforcing patient safety, ethical care, and timely referral.
The module covers key first aid principles such as preservation of life, prevention of deterioration, promotion of recovery, scene safety, infection prevention, and consent, as well as core emergency responses including basic life support, AED awareness, and management of medical and trauma incidents.
Author Sharespike Knowledge Studio
| 3 | | R565.00 |  |
| | Organ Preservation | Organ Preservation
Overview
This article provides a concise overview of solid-organ preservation in transplantation. It explains how warm and cold ischemia affect organs, highlighting key mechanisms such as ATP depletion, sodium-potassium pump failure, calcium overload, and reperfusion injury. It also compares commonly used preservation solutions, including intracellular and extracellular formulations, and outlines their roles in reducing organ damage.
In addition, the article reviews major preservation methods such as static cold storage, machine perfusion, normothermic perfusion, and cryopreservation. Organ-specific preservation times and current practices for the kidney, liver, pancreas, heart, lung, and bowel are also summarised. Overall, the content offers valuable insight for healthcare professionals involved in transplantation, surgery, anaesthesia, and critical care. | 3 | | R535.00 | |
| | Acute Mitral Regurgitation | Acute Mitral Regurgitation
Acute Mitral Regurgitation
Overview
This article reviews the etiology, diagnosis and management of mitral regurgitation across its acute, chronic compensated and chronic decompensated stages. It covers the leading causes, mitral valve prolapse, ischaemic and degenerative disease, annular calcification and, importantly for South Africa, rheumatic heart disease together with the pathophysiology of volume overload, the classic holosystolic apical murmur, and the diagnostic roles of echocardiography (TTE, TEE), cardiac MRI, ECG and catheterisation.
Acute management centres on afterload reduction, treatment of pulmonary oedema and early surgical involvement, while definitive treatment is mitral valve repair or replacement. The content is relevant across several cardiovascular, emergency and primary-care disciplines.
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Acute Pericarditis (Part 2): Workup, Treatment and Management | Acute Pericarditis (Part 2): Workup, Treatment and Management
Acute Pericarditis (Part 2): Workup, Treatment and Management
Overview
Part 2 of this course details the diagnostic workup and management of acute pericarditis. It sets out the role of electrocardiography, transthoracic echocardiography, chest radiography, CT and cardiac MRI, alongside markers of inflammation and myocardial injury such as CRP and troponin, and the four evolving ECG stages. Pericardiocentesis and pericardial fluid analysis are covered for tamponade and suspected purulent, tuberculous or neoplastic effusion. Surgical options, pericardiocentesis, pericardial window, pericardiotomy and pericardiectomy and long-term monitoring complete the overview. | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Angina Pectoris | Angina Pectoris
Overview
Angina pectoris is a clinical syndrome caused by myocardial ischemia, which occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood to meet its needs. It is most associated with coronary artery disease and often presents as pressure, tightness, heaviness, or discomfort in the chest that may spread to the neck, jaw, shoulder, back, or arm.
Symptoms are frequently triggered by physical exertion, emotional stress, cold exposure, or heavy meals and are typically relieved by rest or nitrates. Angina may be stable, unstable, or vasospastic, with unstable angina requiring urgent medical evaluation because it can signal an increased risk of myocardial infarction. Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment supported by electrocardiography, stress testing, and cardiac imaging when needed. Management focuses on reducing symptoms, improving quality of life, and lowering cardiovascular risk through lifestyle modification, control of contributing conditions, antianginal medication, and, in selected patients, coronary revascularization procedures.
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Alcoholic Ketoacidosis | Alcoholic Ketoacidosis
Overview
This clinical reference article reviews alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA), a syndrome first described by Dillon and colleagues in 1940 and characterised by a high-anion-gap metabolic acidosis, elevated serum ketones, and a normal or low blood glucose. It typically affects chronic drinkers after a binge followed by vomiting, abdominal pain and reduced food intake, though it can occur in less-experienced drinkers.
The article explains the pathophysiology, starvation, an elevated NADH/NAD+ ratio from ethanol metabolism, and volume depletion and the predominance of beta-hydroxybutyrate, which standard nitroprusside assays may miss. It outlines diagnosis through arterial blood gas and serum chemistry, the distinction from diabetic ketoacidosis, and management with dextrose, saline and thiamine before glucose, plus electrolyte repletion. With prompt treatment the prognosis is good. The content is relevant across several medical disciplines.
| 3 | | R500.00 | |
| | Healthcare provision for medical tourism: A comparative review | Healthcare provision for medical tourism: A comparative review
Healthcare provision for medical tourism: A comparative review
Overview Providing health care is the core and main element of the health system, which improves patients’ health and well being. Quality in the health system is defined as providing safe, timely, effective, efficient, fair, and patient centered care. The five dimensions of service quality include tangible dimensions (conditions and atmosphere of the service delivery environment, including facilities, equipment, employees, and communication channels), reliability dimension (ability to perform the service reliably), responsiveness dimension (willingness to cooperate and help the customer), assurance dimension (competence and ability of employees to instil a sense of trust and confidence in the customer), and empathy dimension (special treatment with each customer according to their mood, so that the customers are satisfied with the respect and understanding on the part of the organization). Considering the problems of the process in providing welfare services for medical tourists, the license and activities of medical tourism companies should be facilitated so that the mentioned companies can provide welfare and non medical services to patients along with hospitals.
Journal
Journal of Education and Health Promotion Volume 13 Issue 1
| 3 | | R475.00 | |
| | Comparative risk of type 2 diabetes development between women with gestational diabetes and women with impaired glucose tolerance over two decades: a multiethnic prospective cohort in New Zealand | Comparative risk of type 2 diabetes development between women with gestational diabetes and women with impaired glucose tolerance over two decades: a multiethnic prospective cohort in New Zealand
Comparative risk of type 2 diabetes development between women with gestational diabetes and women with impaired glucose tolerance over two decades: a multiethnic prospective cohort in New Zealand
Overview
The study is to evaluate the long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared with those with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Research design and methods Using data from a primary care dataset linked with multiple health registries, this longitudinal study analysed demographics, clinical data, and lifestyle factors of women diagnosed with GDM or IGT, assessing T2D incidence over 25 years, using Cox regression models.
This study underscores the importance of early, targeted post-GDM interventions to mitigate T2D risk. It highlights the necessity of personalized post-GDM interventions to reduce T2D incidence which consider age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status to maximize effectiveness.
Journal BMJ Open Diabetes Research Care Volume 12 Issue 6
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu) | H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu)
H1N1 Influenza (Swine Flu)
Overview
H1N1 influenza, referred to as swine flu, is a highly contagious respiratory disease in pigs caused by one of several swine influenza A viruses, as recently reviewed. Transmission of swine influenza viruses to humans is uncommon.
Swine influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease in pigs caused by one of several swine influenza A viruses, as recently reviewed. In addition, influenza C viruses may also cause illness in swine. Strategies to control swine influenza virus (SIV) in animals typically include one of several commercially available bivalent swine influenza virus vaccines. Once a human becomes infected, he or she then can spread the virus to other humans.
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | HIV and Aids Part 2 | HIV and Aids Part 2
Overview
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus transmitted through sexual contact, shared needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. It belongs to the Retroviridae family. All patients who are diagnosed with HIV should be initiated on ART as soon as possible.
HIV can also lead to complications like dementia and chronic diarrhea with weight loss (HIV wasting syndrome).
Exceptions to this include patients presenting with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) or central nervous system tuberculosis (tuberculous meningitis (TBM) or tuberculoma).
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | HIV and Aids Part 1 | HIV and Aids Part 1
Overview
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus transmitted through sexual contact, shared needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. It belongs to the Retroviridae family. Symptoms vary depending on the stage of infection and these include: - Acute stage, which resembles the flu, with fever, malaise, and a generalized rash;
- Asymptomatic stage which generally, has no symptoms.
- Lymphadenopathy, which presents with swelling of lymph nodes, which can be a primary symptom.
- AIDs, which is the advanced stage marked by severe infections or cancers.
HIV can also lead to complications like dementia and chronic diarrhea with weight loss (HIV wasting syndrome).
Sharespike Knowledge Studio | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Ebola Virus Infection | Ebola Virus Infection
Overview
Ebola virus is one of at least 30 known viruses capable of causing viral hemorrhagic fever syndrome. The genus Ebolavirus currently is classified into 5 separate species: Sudan ebolavirus, Zaire ebolavirus, Tai Forest (Ivory Coast) ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, and Bundibugyo ebolavirus. The outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa from 2014 to 2016, involving Zaire ebolavirus, was the largest outbreak of Ebola virus disease in history.
As of September 17, 2019, an active outbreak of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) had resulted in 3,034 confirmed and 111 probable cases of Ebola virus disease, including 2,103 attributable deaths. An experimental vaccine has been credited with limiting the outbreak’s scope.
| 3 | | R500.00 | |
| | Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of an innovative flavonoid lotion in patients with haemorrhoid: a randomised clinical trial | Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of an innovative flavonoid lotion in patients with haemorrhoid: a randomised clinical trial
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of an innovative flavonoid lotion in patients with haemorrhoid: a randomised clinical trial
Overview
Haemorrhoids are one of the most common gastrointestinal and anal diseases. In olive oil and honey propolis, flavonoids have beneficial effects on improving vascular function and decreasing vascular resistance.
In this study, we aimed to produce a combination of these two substances in the form of lotions and assess their healing and side effects in comparison with routine treatment, anti-haemorrhoid ointment (containing hydrocortisone and lidocaine). Design In this randomised clinical trial study, 86 patients with grade 2 or more haemorrhoid degrees, diagnosed by colonoscopy, were divided into two groups, the case (n=44) and control (n=42). The case group was treated with flavonoid lotion, and the control group was treated with anti-haemorrhoid ointment two times per day for 1 month. Patients were followed weekly with history and physical examination. The data of the two groups were collected before and after the intervention and statistically analysed.
According to the results, it was concluded that flavonoid lotion can be an excellent alternative to topical chemical drugs, such as anti-haemorrhoid ointment, in treating haemorrhoid disease. Besides its effectiveness and safety, it can be easily manufactured and widely available to patient.
Journal
Acta medica academica
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Serum Magnesium is Inversely Associated with Body Composition and Metabolic Syndrome | Serum Magnesium is Inversely Associated with Body Composition and Metabolic Syndrome
Serum Magnesium is Inversely Associated with Body Composition and Metabolic Syndrome
Overview
Magnesium is vital to maintain normal physiological functions. We aimed to identify the association between serum magnesium and different measures of body adiposity among Qatari adults. We hypothesized that the association was mediated by depression and sleep duration.
The study included 1000 adults aged 20 years and above who attended the Qatar Biobank Study (QBB) between 2012 and 2019. Body adiposity was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Serum magnesium concentration was measured. Sub-optimal magnesium was defined as magnesium concentration less than 0.85 mmol/L. The association was examined using linear regression.
It was concluded that there was an inverse association between serum magnesium and fat mass, especially among those with an adequate sleep duration and without chronic conditions including diabetes, hypertension and depression.
Journal
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity Volume 2023 Issue 16
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Hypertension Part 2 | Hypertension Part 2
Overview Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. For patients who are symptomatic, however, uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure are true medical emergencies that require rapid intervention in the ED. It is therefore important to understand the disease of chronic hypertension and, perhaps more important, episodes of acute and uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure so that we, as prehospital care providers, can better stratify these patients into low- and high-risk groups that may or may not require transport to an ED for evaluation and treatment.
As we will discuss, it is reasonable to say that not every patient who presents with hypertension is at high risk of morbidity and mortality and absolutely requires evaluation and treatment at an ED. This is not to say EMTs and paramedics should talk patients out of going to EDs for evaluation. Rather, we will strive to give prehospital care providers a better understanding of the risks involved with acute hypertension so they can better work with their patients to find a solution that is safe, reasonable and responsible for everyone involved. This article discusses the topic of acute hypertension, hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergencies in an effort to help EMS providers better understand these illnesses and help patients make the best decisions regarding their transport and care.
Authors:
Sharespike
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Ischemic Stroke Part 1 | Ischemic Stroke Part 1
Overview
Ischemic stroke is characterized by the sudden loss of blood circulation to an area of the brain, resulting in a corresponding loss of neurologic function. Acute ischemic stroke is caused by thrombotic or embolic occlusion of a cerebral artery and is more common than haemorrhagic stroke.
We should consider stroke in any patient presenting with acute neurologic deficit or any alteration in level of consciousness. Although symptoms can occur alone, they are more likely to occur in combination. No historical feature distinguishes ischemic from haemorrhagic stroke, although nausea, vomiting, headache, and sudden change in level of consciousness are more common in haemorrhagic strokes. In younger patients, a history of recent trauma, coagulopathies, illicit drug use (especially cocaine), migraines, or use of oral contraceptives should be elicited.
Emergent brain imaging is essential for evaluation of acute ischemic stroke. Noncontrast computed tomography (CT) scanning is the most commonly used form of neuroimaging in the acute evaluation of patients with apparent acute stroke.
Involvement of a physician with a special interest and training in stroke is ideal. Stroke care units with specially trained nursing and allied healthcare personnel have clearly been shown to improve outcomes.
Author Sharespike
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Ventricular Tachycardia Part 2 | Ventricular Tachycardia Part 2
Ventricular Tachycardia Part 2
Overview
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) is responsible for most of the sudden cardiac deaths in the United States, at an estimated rate of approximately 300,000 deaths per year. VT refers to any rhythm faster than 100 (or 120) beats/min, with three or more irregular beats in a row, arising distal to the bundle of His. The rhythm may arise from the working ventricular myocardium, the distal conduction system, or both.
Symptoms of VT are often a function of the associated heart rate, or the causal process, such as an acute myocardial infarction (MI). They may include the following bulleted items. VT may also be asymptomatic, or the symptoms may be those of the associated triggered therapy (eg, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator [ICD] shock).
Clinically, VT may be reflected in symptoms such as syncope, palpitations, and dyspnea. It is often, but not always, associated with hemodynamic compromise, particularly if the left ventricle is impaired or the heart rate is especially fast. With some exceptions, VT is associated with increased risk of sudden death.
Author Sharespike
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Ventricular Tachycardia Part 1 | Ventricular Tachycardia Part 1
Ventricular Tachycardia Part 1
Overview
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) is responsible for most of the sudden cardiac deaths in the United States, at an estimated rate of approximately 300,000 deaths per year. VT refers to any rhythm faster than 100 (or 120) beats/min, with three or more irregular beats in a row, arising distal to the bundle of His. The rhythm may arise from the working ventricular myocardium, the distal conduction system, or both.
Symptoms of VT are often a function of the associated heart rate, or the causal process, such as an acute myocardial infarction (MI). They may include the following bulleted items. VT may also be asymptomatic, or the symptoms may be those of the associated triggered therapy (eg, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator [ICD] shock).
Clinically, VT may be reflected in symptoms such as syncope, palpitations, and dyspnea. It is often, but not always, associated with hemodynamic compromise, particularly if the left ventricle is impaired or the heart rate is especially fast. With some exceptions, VT is associated with increased risk of sudden death.
Author Sharespike
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Severe Distress – COVID 19 | Severe Distress – COVID 19
Severe Distress – COVID 19
Overview Since the emergence of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread across the globe. The clinical spectrum of patients with COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic or mild symptoms to critical disease with a high risk of mortality. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the illness associated with the novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was initially noted during an outbreak of respiratory illness in the population of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province, China. The first cases were seen in November 2019, with COVID-19 quickly spreading throughout the city. The World Health Organization (WHO) was notified of the outbreak on December 31, 2019. The cases continued to spread outside of the area and then across the world. COVID-19 was reported as a global health emergency by the end of January 2020. As the worldwide case numbers increased, the WHO declared on March 11, 2020, that COVID-19 had reached the pandemic stage.
The virus is now known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease it causes is called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic.
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Dyspnea: Pathophysiology and a clinical approach - EMT | Dyspnea: Pathophysiology and a clinical approach - EMT
Dyspnea: Pathophysiology and a clinical approach - EMT
Overview
Dyspnea is defined as a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity and may either be acute or chronic. This is a common and often distressing symptom reported by patients, and accounts for nearly half of hospital admissions.
The distinct sensations often reported by patients include effort/work of breathing, chest tightness, and air hunger (a feeling of not enough air on inspiration). Dyspnea should be assessed by the intensity of these sensations, the degree of distress involved, and its burden or impact on instrumental activities.
Dyspnea is a common and often distressing symptom and a frequent reason for general practitioner and clinic visits. Dyspnea is symptom, and its experience is subjective and varies greatly among individuals exposed to the same stimuli or with similar pathologies. This differential experience of Dyspnea among individuals emanates from interactions among multiple physiological, psychological, social, and environmental factors that induce secondary physiological and behavioural responses. The management of Dyspnea will depend on the underlying cause.
Author
Sharespike | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Hypertension Part 1 | Hypertension Part 1
Overview
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. For patients who are symptomatic, however, uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure are true medical emergencies that require rapid intervention in the ED. It is therefore important to understand the disease of chronic hypertension and, perhaps more important, episodes of acute and uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure so that we, as prehospital care providers, can better stratify these patients into low- and high-risk groups that may or may not require transport to an ED for evaluation and treatment.
As we will discuss, it is reasonable to say that not every patient who presents with hypertension is at high risk of morbidity and mortality and absolutely requires evaluation and treatment at an ED. This is not to say EMTs and paramedics should talk patients out of going to EDs for evaluation. Rather, we will strive to give prehospital care providers a better understanding of the risks involved with acute hypertension so they can better work with their patients to find a solution that is safe, reasonable and responsible for everyone involved. This article discusses the topic of acute hypertension, hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergencies in an effort to help EMS providers better understand these illnesses and help patients make the best decisions regarding their transport and care.
Authors:
Sharespike
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Viral Pneumonia Part 2 | Viral Pneumonia Part 2
Overview
The reported incidence of viral pneumonia (see the image below) has increased during the past decade. In part, this apparent increase simply reflects improved diagnostic techniques, but an actual increase appears to have also occurred. Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease.
This course is divided into 3 parts covering the aspects of Pneumonia leading into the much dreaded COVID 19. The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. Primary influenza pneumonia manifests with persistent symptoms of cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and malaise for more than three to five days. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults.
Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. PIV pneumonia and bronchiolitis are caused primarily by the PIV-3 strain. The signs and symptoms include fever, cough, coryza, dyspnea with rales, and wheezing.
Acknowledgements Authors:
Zab Mosenifar and Richard BrawermanThe University of Pretoria | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Viral Pneumonia Part 1 | Viral Pneumonia Part 1
Overview The reported incidence of viral pneumonia (see the image below) has increased during the past decade. In part, this apparent increase simply reflects improved diagnostic techniques, but an actual increase appears to have also occurred. Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease.
This course is divided into 3 parts covering the aspects of Pneumonia leading into the much dreaded COVID 19. The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. Primary influenza pneumonia manifests with persistent symptoms of cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and malaise for more than three to five days. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults.
Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. PIV pneumonia and bronchiolitis are caused primarily by the PIV-3 strain. The signs and symptoms include fever, cough, coryza, dyspnea with rales, and wheezing.
Acknowledgements
Authors:
Zab Mosenifar and Richard Brawerman | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Diabetes Mellitus Part 2 | Diabetes Mellitus Part 2
Overview Type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, and excessive or inappropriate glucagon secretion. Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes is associated with an array of microvascular, macrovascular, and neuropathic complications.
Microvascular complications of diabetes include retinal, renal, and possibly neuropathic disease. Macrovascular complications include coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease. Diabetic neuropathy affects autonomic and peripheral nerves.
This course focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes and its acute and chronic complications, other than those directly associated with hypoglycemia and severe metabolic disturbances, such as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Acknowledgements Author:
Khardori | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Diabetes Mellitus Part 1 | Diabetes Mellitus Part 1
Overview Type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, inadequate insulin secretion, and excessive or inappropriate glucagon secretion. Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes is associated with an array of microvascular, macrovascular, and neuropathic complications.
Microvascular complications of diabetes include retinal, renal, and possibly neuropathic disease. Macrovascular complications include coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease. Diabetic neuropathy affects autonomic and peripheral nerves.
This course focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes and its acute and chronic complications, other than those directly associated with hypoglycemia and severe metabolic disturbances, such as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Acknowledgements Author:
Khardori | 3 | | R420.00 | |