 | | HIV and Aids Part 2 | HIV and Aids Part 2
Overview
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus transmitted through sexual contact, shared needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. It belongs to the Retroviridae family. All patients who are diagnosed with HIV should be initiated on ART as soon as possible.
HIV can also lead to complications like dementia and chronic diarrhea with weight loss (HIV wasting syndrome).
Exceptions to this include patients presenting with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) or central nervous system tuberculosis (tuberculous meningitis (TBM) or tuberculoma).
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| | HIV and Aids Part 1 | HIV and Aids Part 1
Overview
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus transmitted through sexual contact, shared needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. It belongs to the Retroviridae family. Symptoms vary depending on the stage of infection and these include: - Acute stage, which resembles the flu, with fever, malaise, and a generalized rash;
- Asymptomatic stage which generally, has no symptoms.
- Lymphadenopathy, which presents with swelling of lymph nodes, which can be a primary symptom.
- AIDs, which is the advanced stage marked by severe infections or cancers.
HIV can also lead to complications like dementia and chronic diarrhea with weight loss (HIV wasting syndrome).
Sharespike Knowledge Studio | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Ebola Virus Infection | Ebola Virus Infection
Overview
Ebola virus is one of at least 30 known viruses capable of causing viral hemorrhagic fever syndrome. The genus Ebolavirus currently is classified into 5 separate species: Sudan ebolavirus, Zaire ebolavirus, Tai Forest (Ivory Coast) ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, and Bundibugyo ebolavirus. The outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa from 2014 to 2016, involving Zaire ebolavirus, was the largest outbreak of Ebola virus disease in history.
As of September 17, 2019, an active outbreak of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) had resulted in 3,034 confirmed and 111 probable cases of Ebola virus disease, including 2,103 attributable deaths. An experimental vaccine has been credited with limiting the outbreak’s scope.
| 3 | | R500.00 | |
| | Can Foot Orthoses Benefit Symptomatic Runners? Mechanistic and Clinical Insights Through a Scoping Review | Can Foot Orthoses Benefit Symptomatic Runners? Mechanistic and Clinical Insights Through a Scoping Review
Can Foot Orthoses Benefit Symptomatic Runners? Mechanistic and Clinical Insights Through a Scoping Review
Overview Running is a popular sport with many health benefits, but it often results in musculoskeletal overuse injuries. Foot orthoses (FOs) are commonly prescribed by clinicians to manage these injuries. However, most studies on FOs focus on uninjured or mixed populations of runners, leaving a gap in understanding their impact on symptomatic runners. This scoping review aimed to evaluate how FOs affect biomechanics, neuromuscular function, pain, and disability in symptomatic runners. After reviewing 30 studies (involving 730 symptomatic runners), the findings suggest that FOs reduce pain and overuse injury symptoms both immediately and long-term. They also influence foot mechanics by decreasing foot/ankle eversion and altering plantar pressure distribution. The effectiveness of FOs depends on specific features of the orthosis. The review recommends further research to standardize FO descriptions and explore how different FO types and participant characteristics (e.g., foot morphology) influence outcomes. It also suggests that FOs are more effective when combined with a broader treatment plan, though more research is needed to optimize their role in treating running injuries.
Journal: Sports Medicine 2024 Volume 10 Issue 1 | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Application of Biomechanics Based on Intelligent Technology and Big Data in Physical Fitness Training of Athletes | Application of Biomechanics Based on Intelligent Technology and Big Data in Physical Fitness Training of Athletes
Application of Biomechanics Based on Intelligent Technology and Big Data in Physical Fitness Training of Athletes
Overview
Physical training has a high degree of participation all over the world. With the opening of the era of national fitness, physical training has become more popular from the original specialization, and the complex training methods and contents have gradually become simplified. The development and change of physical training has also brought many problems to the professional training of athletes, such as high training intensity but poor effect, insufficient training posture, and long-term physical injury.
In order to help athletes achieve better results in physical training and reduce the probability of injury, taking sprint training as an example, this article adopted the sports and body data of elite athletes through intelligent technology and big data analysis, established a human motion model from the perspective of biomechanics, and then conducted a corresponding test run experiment for athletes.
In addition to the data analysis brought by the digital age, the study of biomechanics also provides good guidance for physical training. The innovation of this article is that it simplifies the amount of intelligent big data analysis without affecting the research results.
Journal Hindawi Contrast Media and Molecular Imaging
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | A 20-Year Review of Biomechanical Experimental Studies on Spine Implants used for Percutaneous Surgical Repair of Vertebral Compression Fractures | A 20-Year Review of Biomechanical Experimental Studies on Spine Implants used for Percutaneous Surgical Repair of Vertebral Compression Fractures
A 20-Year Review of Biomechanical Experimental Studies on Spine Implants used for Percutaneous Surgical Repair of Vertebral Compression Fractures
A vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is an injury to a vertebra of the spine affecting the cortical walls and/or middle cancellous section. The most common risk factor for a VCF is osteoporosis, thus predisposing the elderly and postmenopausal women to this injury.
This article reviews over 20 years of scientific literature that has experimentally evaluated the biomechanics of percutaneous VCF repair methods. Specifically, this article describes the basic operating principles of the repair methods, the study protocols used to experimentally assess their biomechanical performance, and the actual biomechanical data measured, as well as giving several recommendations for future research directions.
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Motion of lumbar endplate in degenerative lumbar scoliosis with different cobb angle in vivo: Reflecting the biomechanics of the lumbar disc | Motion of lumbar endplate in degenerative lumbar scoliosis with different cobb angle in vivo: Reflecting the biomechanics of the lumbar disc
Motion of lumbar endplate in degenerative lumbar scoliosis with different cobb angle in vivo: Reflecting the biomechanics of the lumbar disc
Degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) was defined as a coronal Cobb angle greater than 10°. DLS is a de novo scoliosis with no previous history and is mainly related to age with an incidence of up to 60%. DLS can cause severe symptoms, such as low back pain, radiculopathy, and neurogenic claudication. The pathogenesis of DLS is both complex and controversial. Intervertebral disc degeneration (DD) has also been implicated in the development of DLS.
This study explored the ROM of the lumbar vertebral endplate in vivo to reflect disc deformation using a dual fluoroscopic imaging system. It was reported that the repeatability of the method in reproducing in vivo human spine 6 degree of freedom. Intervertebral DD is believed to have a detrimental effect on the ROM of the spinal segments in degenerative scoliosis.
The study also aimed to investigate the relationship between DD and the ROM of the lumbar vertebral endplates in patients with DLS. We hypothesized that the ROM of the lumbar endplate would be different in DLS patients with different Cobb angles. DD can increase the ROM of the lumbar vertebral endplate in patients with DLS. | 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Nerve and Arterial Supply Pattern of the Popliteus Muscle and Clinical Implications | Nerve and Arterial Supply Pattern of the Popliteus Muscle and Clinical Implications
Nerve and Arterial Supply Pattern of the Popliteus Muscle and Clinical Implications
The popliteus muscle (PM) is a small muscle that acts as a major posterolateral stabilizer of the knee joint, rotating the tibia medially under the femur under non-weightbearing conditions. As the PM acts as an important factor in the movement and injury of the knee joint, anatomical studies have been conducted with a focus on the femoral attachment of the muscle.
Muscular spasticity is common in upper motor neuron syndrome. Injection treatment is applied as PM spasticity has been confirmed in many patients with in-toeing. One of the treatment methods, botulinum toxin, is known to have a long-lasting effect when injected into a site where the neuromuscular junction is dense. It is also effective when injected near the motor entry point where the nerve enters the muscle belly. Thus, a suitable injection site is thought to be the tibial region because the muscle belly is the upper portion on the tibial area on the posterior aspect. In this study, we speculated about the injection site of the PM based on the above reasoning. An alternative method is the accurate palpation of the PM, which is necessary for posture correction therapy.
The aim of this study was to investigate the nerve and artery supply and the tibial attachment of the popliteus muscle using anatomical methods.
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | The Relationship Between Additional Heads of the Quadriceps Femoris, the Vasti Muscles, and the Patellar Ligament | The Relationship Between Additional Heads of the Quadriceps Femoris, the Vasti Muscles, and the Patellar Ligament
The Relationship Between Additional Heads of the Quadriceps Femoris, the Vasti Muscles, and the Patellar Ligament
Overview
The quadriceps femoris consists of four muscles: the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis. However, the effect of additional quadriceps femoris heads on the vasti muscles and patellar ligaments is unknown. The quadriceps femoris muscle (QF) is important in locomotion; the rectus femoris (RF) swings the leg forward when a step is taken. During walking or running, quadriceps muscles such as the vastus medialis (VM) stabilize the patella and knee joint. The QF is important in sport owing to its potential for injury, which can be painful and debilitating.
The aims of the present study are to determine the relationship between additional quadriceps femoris heads and the vasti muscles and patellar ligaments and to review the morphology of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius.
Journal
Hindawi BioMed Research International
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Reduces Leg Cramps in Patients of lumbar Degenerative Disorders: A Retrospective Study | Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Reduces Leg Cramps in Patients of lumbar Degenerative Disorders: A Retrospective Study
Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Reduces Leg Cramps in Patients of lumbar Degenerative Disorders: A Retrospective Study
Overview
Muscle cramp is fundamentally a medical problem but also a sociological and an economic one. Muscle cramps which characterized by the painful, involuntary, and paroxysmal contraction of a muscle are common and can occur in a wide range of settings and are a highly distressing condition.
The symptoms lead to a decrease in the quality of life for patients and sometimes disturb the proper functioning of the entire body, stimulating the development of several complications and comorbidities.
The extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been fully utilized in orthopedics, but there are few studies in the treatment of lower limb spasm and pain caused by lumbar degenerative disorders (LDD). This study assesses the influence of ESWT in patients with LDD.
It was concluded that the ESWT is particularly effective effect for patients with LDD. The use of ESWT has a significant long-term influence on the reduction of pain, leg cramps, and the improvement of the general functional state in relation to the conventional motor improvement program.
Journal
Hindawi BioMed Research International
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Joint-Preserving Surgery for Hyperextension Deformity of the Hallux Interphalangeal Joint in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis | Joint-Preserving Surgery for Hyperextension Deformity of the Hallux Interphalangeal Joint in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Joint-Preserving Surgery for Hyperextension Deformity of the Hallux Interphalangeal Joint in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Overview Sesamoiditis secondary to gout is an extremely rare condition with few case reports in the literature. It is an important differential diagnosis because the treatment depends on targeted therapy, unlike the main causes of sesamoiditis that often involves immobilization with special orthoses and prescription of anti-inflammatory drugs. This here is a case of a 38-year-old male, athlete, with bipartite medial sesamoid, who had insidious pain in the base of the left hallux. Laboratory tests showed no alterations, and imaging examinations demonstrated sesamoiditis with suspicion of stress fracture. The patient was initially prescribed an immobilization boot and analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs, but he did not respond to the measures taken. After the onset of the same condition in the contralateral foot and getting the same imaging findings, an investigation of systemic disease began, focusing on gout, because of a positive family history, which was confirmed by dual-energy computed tomography.
Authors Takumi Matsumoto, Yuki Shimizu, Song Ho Chang, Taro Kasai, Jun Hirose and Sakae Tanaka
Journal Hindawi Case Reports in Orthopedics | 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | Bilateral Sesamoiditis as First Manifestation of Gout | Bilateral Sesamoiditis as First Manifestation of Gout
Bilateral Sesamoiditis as First Manifestation of Gout
Overview Sesamoiditis secondary to gout is an extremely rare condition with few case reports in the literature. It is an important differential diagnosis because the treatment depends on targeted therapy, unlike the main causes of sesamoiditis that often involves immobilization with special orthoses and prescription of anti-inflammatory drugs. This here is a case of a 38-year-old male, athlete, with bipartite medial sesamoid, who had insidious pain in the base of the left hallux. Laboratory tests showed no alterations, and imaging examinations demonstrated sesamoiditis with suspicion of stress fracture. The patient was initially prescribed an immobilization boot and analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs, but he did not respond to the measures taken. After the onset of the same condition in the contralateral foot and getting the same imaging findings, an investigation of systemic disease began, focusing on gout, because of a positive family history, which was confirmed by dual-energy computed tomography.
Authors Daniel de Oliveira Beraldo, Sasha Duarte, Gustavo Pacheco, Rodrigo Barbosa, Carolina Mendes, Marcela Silva, Fabiana Beraldo, Andrei Alkmim, Ricardo Teixeira and Alexandre Bonfim
Journal Hindawi Case Reports in Orthopedics | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Fabella Syndrome and Common Peroneal Neuropathy following Total Knee Arthroplasty | Fabella Syndrome and Common Peroneal Neuropathy following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Fabella Syndrome and Common Peroneal Neuropathy following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Overview The fabella is a sesamoid bone in the lateral gastrocnemius that is present in 10-30% of the population. Despite its high prevalence, the fabella rarely causes pathology leading to delayed diagnoses and prolonged patient discomfort when symptomatic. The fabella syndrome is often associated with a snapping or clicking sensation that is exacerbated by aerobic activates. Fabella pathology is rare but increasingly recognized as a source of posterolateral knee pain following TKA. Initially believed to be unique to adolescents, fabella syndrome also affects older adults. When conservative interventions fail, surgical excision for treatment of fabella syndrome or fabella-associated common peroneal neuropathy has improved patient reported outcomes and returns to preinjury level of activities.
Significant mechanical alignment changes may create eccentric mechanical loads across the gastrocnemius tendon and embedded fabella. Furthermore, the correction of a flexion contracture with TKA may affect soft tissues posterior to the knee including the gastrocnemius tendon.
Authors Connor C. Diaz, Avinesh Agarwalla and Brian Forsythe
Journal Hindawi Case Reports in Orthopedics
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Amygdala pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral Sclerosis | Amygdala pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral Sclerosis
Amygdala pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral Sclerosis
Overview Temporal lobe studies in motor neuron disease overwhelmingly focus on white matter alterations and cortical grey matter atrophy. Reports on amygdala involvement are conflicting and the amygdala is typically evaluated as single structure despite consisting of several functionally and cytologically distinct nuclei. A prospective, single-centre, neuroimaging study was undertaken to comprehensively characterise amygdala pathology in 100 genetically stratified ALS patients, 33 patients with PLS and 117 healthy controls. Our findings highlight that the amygdala is affected in ALS and our study demonstrates the selective involvement of specific nuclei as opposed to global atrophy. The genotype-specific patterns of amygdala involvement identified by this study are consistent with the growing literature of extra-motor clinical features. Mesial temporal lobe pathology in ALS is not limited to hippocampal pathology but, as a key hub of the limbic system, the amygdala is also affected in ALS.
Authors Rangariroyashe H. Chipikaa, Foteini Christidia, Eoin Finegan, Stacey Li Hi Shing, Mary Clare McKenna, Kai Ming Chang, Efstratios Karavasilis, Mark A. Doherty, Jennifer C. Hengeveld, Alice Vajda, Niall Pender, Siobhan Hutchinson, Colette Donaghy, Russell L. McLaughlin, Orla Hardiman, Peter Bede
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Previous History of Knee Arthroscopy in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Examination of the Effect of the Literature and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2013 Arthroscopy Guidelines on Clinical Practice | Previous History of Knee Arthroscopy in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Examination of the Effect of the Literature and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2013 Arthroscopy Guidelines on Clinical Practice
Previous History of Knee Arthroscopy in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Examination of the Effect of the Literature and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2013 Arthroscopy Guidelines on Clinical Practice
Overview The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of previous knee arthroscopy in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) before (2005-2006) and after (2018) publication of landmark studies that examined the effectiveness of knee arthroscopy as well as the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 2013 knee arthroscopy guidelines. In this study a retrospective chart review of 214 patients who underwent a TKA between 2005 and 2006 (Group 1) and 213 patients who underwent a TKA in 2018 (Group 2) was performed. The medical records were to determine whether previous knee arthroscopy was performed. The findings suggests that the recommendations set forth by landmark clinical trials that examined the effectiveness of knee arthroscopy and the AAOS 2013 knee arthroscopy guidelines did not have a sudden impact within the geographic region, however there is significant evidence to suggest a gradual shift in treatment, where knee arthroscopy is withheld near imminent knee arthroplasty.
Authors Melissa A. Kluczynski, M.S.., Griffin Lunn, Matthew J. Phillips, M.D., andJohn M. Marzo, M.D
Journal Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Pain Management through Neurocognitive Therapeutic Exercises in Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain | Pain Management through Neurocognitive Therapeutic Exercises in Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Pain Management through Neurocognitive Therapeutic Exercises in Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Overview The hypermobile type of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) is likely the most common hereditary disorder of connective tissue mainly characterized by joint hypermobility. Patients with hEDS suffer joint pain, in particular low back pain, commonly resistant to drug therapy. The aim of this research was to evaluate a neurocognitive rehabilitation approach based not only on the motion and function recovery but also on the pain management. In this nonrandomized clinical trial, eighteen hEDS patients (4 males and 14 females) with mean age 21 years (range 13-55) were recruited and evaluated before and after three months of rehabilitation treatment. The clinical results observed in this study seem to confirm the role of a specific neurocognitive rehabilitation program in the chronic pain management in the Ehlers–Danlos syndrome; the rehabilitation treatment should be tailored on patient problems and focused not only in the recovery of movement but also on pain perception.
Authors Claudia Celletti, Teresa Paolucci , Loredana Maggi, Giordana Volpi, Mariangela Billi, Roberta Mollica,and Filippo Camerota
Journal Hindawi BioMed Research International | 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Incidence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Marathon Runners | Incidence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Marathon Runners
Incidence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Marathon Runners
Overview The occurrence of low back pain (LBP) in marathon runners has been poorly understood. This study aimed to describe the risk factors and identify whether these factors can cause LBP in these athletes by using a self-developed questionnaire which was randomly distributed to 850 runners of running a half or a full marathon. Participants responded with the questionnaire focusing on previous training and running conditions after their competitions. In the final models, risk factors, including warm-up activities, fatigue, running gait posture, and environmental temperature, were significantly associated with LBP in marathoners. It was concluded that although LBP was uncommon in marathoners, it was linked to the factors such as insufficient warm-up activities, fatigue, poor running gait posture, and uncomfortable environmental temperature. Although future studies may be necessary these findings could still be useful for protecting the lower back area of runners clinically. Authors Bao Wu, 1,2 Chang-Cheng Chen , 2 Juan Wang , 2 and Xue-Qiang Wang Journal Hindawi Pain Research and Management Volume 2021, Article ID 666030 | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Preretinal hemorrhage following chiropractor neck manipulation | Preretinal hemorrhage following chiropractor neck manipulation
Preretinal hemorrhage following chiropractor neck manipulation
Overview The purpose of this study is to report a case of a new complication following complementary and alternative medicine chiropractor neck manipulation with multiple preretinal haemorrhages. A 59-year-old Caucasian female presented with the acute, painless constant appearance of 3 spots in her vision immediately after a chiropractor performed cervical spinal manipulation using the high-velocity, low-amplitude technique. Examination multiple unilateral preretinal haemorrhages with no retinal tears. The preretinal haemorrhages were self-limited and resolved by 2 months later. In conclusion, the Chiropractor neck manipulation has previously been reported leading to complications related to the carotid artery and arterial plaques. This presents the ?rst case of multiple unilateral preretinal haemorrhages immediately following chiropractic neck manipulation. This suggests that chiropractor spinal adjustment cannot only a?ect the carotid artery, but also could lead to preretinal haemorrhages.
Acknowledgement Authors Yannis M. Paulusa and Nicholas Belillb Journal American Journal of Ophthalmology
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Locked-In Syndrome Following Cervical Manipulation by a Chiropractor: A Case Report | Locked-In Syndrome Following Cervical Manipulation by a Chiropractor: A Case Report
Locked-In Syndrome Following Cervical Manipulation by a Chiropractor: A Case Report
Overview Vertebrobasilar occlusion poses difficult diagnostic issues and even when properly diagnosed has a poor prognosis. Newer studies highlight a better outcome when thrombectomy was carried out between six and twenty-four hours after an initial diagnosis of stroke. This paper reports a case where a patient suffered a vertebrobasilar stroke secondary to a traumatic bilateral vertebral arteries dissection was treated with late thrombectomy. A 34-year-old woman was manipulated on the cervical spinal column by a chiropractor. Following three weeks of cervical pain, she presented with severe aphasia and quadriplegia (NIHSS = 28). An MRI scan indicated ischemia of the vertebrobasilar system. Thirty-one hours after the onset of these symptoms, a thrombectomy was performed. After one month, the patient could move her head and the proximal part of her limbs but remained confined to bed (NIHSS = 13). In conclusion, the current case illustrates the benefit of late mechanical thrombectomy for a posterior cerebral circulation infarct. Although there was a delay in treatment, partial recovery ensued. Acknowledgments
Authors Guillaume Giordano Orsini, Giorgios-Emmanouil Metaxas, Vincent Legros Journal
The Journal of Critical Care
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | PRP Injections for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials | PRP Injections for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
PRP Injections for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Overview Blood derivatives are increasingly used to modulate the intraarticular environment, aiming at reducing inflammatory distress and stimulating anabolism in different tissues. In particular, products with an increased concentration of platelets have been developed to address osteoarthritis (OA), based on positive in vitro findings suggesting the potential of platelet-derived growth factors (GFs). Platelet concentrates (platelet-rich plasma [PRP]) are therefore a simple, low-cost, and minimally invasive way to obtain a natural concentration of these GFs and bioactive molecules.
The purpose of these trials was to evaluate effectiveness, in terms of patient-reported outcome measures, of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections for knee osteoarthritis compared to placebo and other intraarticular treatments.
It was conclusive that the effect of platelet concentrates goes beyond its mere placebo effect, and PRP injections provide better results than other injectable options. This benefit increases over time, being not significant at earlier follow-up but becoming clinically significant after 6 to 12 months.
Authors Giuseppe Filardo, Davide Previtali, Francesca Napoli, Christian Candrian, Stefano Zaffagnini, and Alberto Grassi
Journal Sage Journals - Cartilage
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Sleep and the athlete: narrative review and 2021 expert consensus recommendations | Sleep and the athlete: narrative review and 2021 expert consensus recommendations
Sleep and the athlete: narrative review and 2021 expert consensus recommendations
Overview An ever-growing volume of peer-reviewed Publications speaks to the recent and rapid growth in scope and understanding of sleep for optimal athlete health and performance.
Herein, a panel of international experts review the current knowledge on sleep and the athlete, briefly covering the background, exploring continued controversies, highlighting fruitful avenues for future research and providing practical recommendations. The introduction section covers the need for sleep, including sleep architecture and the restorative benefits of sleep for the brain and body.
Pitfalls and challenges measuring athlete sleep are reviewed, and practical recommendations provided. The following section, entitled sleep and the athlete, covers the influence of sleep inadequacy and sleep extension on athletic performance. This article reviews the evidence that elite athletes are particularly susceptible to sleep inadequacy, for example, during intensified training and in those reporting symptoms of over-reaching and overtraining. The final section, entitled strategies to improve sleep, provides practical recommendations to alleviate the symptoms of jet lag, nutritional strategies to enhance sleep and a toolbox for practitioners to manage and optimise athlete sleep.
Authors Neil P Walsh et al.
Journal British Journal Sports Med 2020
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Improvement of activity-related knee joint discomfort following supplementation of specific collagen peptides. | Improvement of activity-related knee joint discomfort following supplementation of specific collagen peptides.
Improvement of activity-related knee joint discomfort following supplementation of specific collagen peptides.
Overview The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of specific collagen peptides in reducing pain in athletes with functional knee problems during sport. The primary outcome of the study was in change in pain intensity during activity, which was evaluated by the participants and the attending physicians using a visual analogue scale. As secondary endpoints, pain intensity under resting conditions, the range of motion of the knee joint, and the use of additional therapeutic options were assessed. Due to the high joint mobility at baseline, no significant changes of this parameter could be detected. The use of additional treatment options was significantly reduced after BCP intake. The study demonstrated that the supplementation of specific collagen peptides in young adults with functional knee problems led to a statistically significant improvement of activity related joint pain.
Authors: Denise Zdzieblik, Steffen Oesser, Albert Gollhofer and Daniel König
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Achilles Tendinopathy | Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Achilles Tendinopathy
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Achilles Tendinopathy
Overview
Achilles tendinopathy is confirmed by a clinical symptom triad of pain, swelling, and limited function. Achilles tendon injuries are classified by the anatomical area into non-insertional and insertional. The major symptom of non-insertional tendinopathy is pain located 2 to 6 cm proximal to the insertion of the tendon into the calcaneus. Patients suffering from insertional pathology usually present with lesions in the distal portion of the structure, i.e., posterosuperior calcaneal protuberance. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is among the conservative treatments for Achilles tendinopathy. Unfortunately, no optimal application parameters have been determined that would ensure ESWT effectiveness in this condition. +e aim of the paper is to use research reports on ESWT in patients with Achilles tendinopathy to help practising physiotherapists establish the most effective intervention parameters. The two modalities of shock wave therapy used for Achilles tendinopathy are focused shock waves and radial shock waves. The literature contains reports presenting mainly beneficial effects of ESWT in patients with Achilles tendinopathy.
Authors Magdalena Stania, Grzegorz Juras, Daria Chmielewska, Anna Polak, Cezary Kucio, and Piotr Król
Journal BioMed Research International / 2019 / Article | 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Neuromuscular Function of the Knee Joint Following Knee Injuries: Does It Ever Get Back to Normal? A Systematic Review with Meta Analyses | Neuromuscular Function of the Knee Joint Following Knee Injuries: Does It Ever Get Back to Normal? A Systematic Review with Meta Analyses
Neuromuscular Function of the Knee Joint Following Knee Injuries: Does It Ever Get Back to Normal? A Systematic Review with Meta Analyses
Overview
Knee injury is an independent risk factor for the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in young adults. The prevalence of post-traumatic OA (PTOA) can be as high as 80% at 10+years after the initial injury, with 4–6 times higher odds compared to a non-injured knee. PTOA mainly affects a younger and more active population when compared to non-traumatic OA, resulting in longer years lived with disability [5], and surgical interventions 7–9 years earlier in life. Therefore, prevention strategies for PTOA development require particular attention.
There is also evidence of bilateral neuromuscular changes following unilateral knee injury, suggesting a requirement for healthy control groups instead of using the contralateral ‘healthy leg’ for an unbiased evaluation of post-traumatic neuromuscular alterations. Therefore, this study aimed to determine how neuromuscular function of the knee joint changes over time following knee injuries involving ligament, meniscus or cartilage compared to healthy controls.
Neuromuscular deficits persist for years post-injury/surgery, though most evidence is from ACL injured populations. Muscle strength deficits are accompanied by neural alterations and changes in control and timing of muscle force, but more studies are needed to fill the evidence gaps we have identified. Better characterisation and therapeutic strategies addressing these deficits could improve rehabilitation outcomes, and potentially prevent PTOA.
Authors Beyza Tayfur, Chedsada Charuphongsa, Dylan Morrissey, Stuart Charles Miller
Journal
Sports Medicine
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Application of tele-podiatry in diabetic foot management: A series of illustrative cases | Application of tele-podiatry in diabetic foot management: A series of illustrative cases
Application of tele-podiatry in diabetic foot management: A series of illustrative cases
Overview Telemedicine had been proposed as a tool to manage diabetes, but its role in management of diabetic foot ulcer is still evolving. The COVID-19 pandemic and related social restrictions have necessitated the use of telemedicine in the management of diabetic foot disease (tele-podiatry), particularly of patients classified as low-risk.
This article is a report of three cases of varied diabetic foot problems assessed during the present pandemic using different forms of telemedicine for triaging, management of low-risk cases and for follow-up. Telemedicine is a good screening tool for diagnosing and managing low-risk subjects with diabetic foot problems and enables a triaging system for deciding on hospital visits and hospitalization.
Telemedicine offers several benefits in the management of diabetic foot disease, although it also has some limitations. Based on the experience during the pandemic it is recommended its judicious use in the triaging of patients of diabetic foot disease and management of low-risk cases. Future innovation in technology and artificial intelligence may help in better tele-podiatry care in the time to come.
Acknowledgements Authors Karakkattu V. Kavitha, Shailesh R. Deshpande, Anil P. Pandit, Ambika G. Unnikrishnan
Journal Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews
| 3 | | R410.00 | |