| | Autism Spectrum Screening Checklist (ASSC): The Development of a Scale to Identify High-Risk Individuals within the Children’s Mental Health System | Autism Spectrum Screening Checklist (ASSC): The Development of a Scale to Identify High-Risk Individuals within the Children’s Mental Health System
Autism Spectrum Screening Checklist (ASSC): The Development of a Scale to Identify High-Risk Individuals within the Children’s Mental Health System
Overview Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex childhood onset neurodevelopmental disorder that has become the fastest growing developmental disability. Due to the increased demand for diagnostic assessments and subsequent increased wait times, standardized screening as part of regular clinical practice is needed. More specifically there is an important need for the development of a more streamlined screening tool within an existing assessment system to identify those at greatest risk of having ASD. The ASSC scale provides an initial screen to help identify children and youth at heightened risk for autism within larger populations being assessed as part of routine practice. The main goal for the development and implementation of the ASSC scale is to harness the power of the existing interRAl assessment system to provide a more efficient, effective screening and referral process. This will ultimately help improve patient outcomes through needs-based care.
Journal Frontiers in Psychiatry Volume 12
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| | The Child and Adolescent Family Functioning Inventory (CAFFI): Development and Psychometric Properties | The Child and Adolescent Family Functioning Inventory (CAFFI): Development and Psychometric Properties
The Child and Adolescent Family Functioning Inventory (CAFFI): Development and Psychometric Properties
Overview Substantial empirical support exists demonstrating the efficacy of family therapy in the treatment of serious child and adolescent mental illness. Family dynamics play an important role in a child’s mental health condition and research has shown that as family functioning improves with treatment, the severity of a child’s symptoms decreases. Therefore, the ability to quickly and efficiently assess key areas of family functioning is essential in clinical practice. This paper describes the development and psychometric properties of the Child and Adolescent Family Functioning Inventory (CAFFI), a brief, no cost, publicly available clinical assessment instrument. The CAFFI can be used to both quickly identify key family dynamics at the start of treatment that require immediate clinical attention, as well as an outcome measure to track and demonstrate the family’s clinical progress over time.
Journal Journal of Psychology & Psychotherapy
| 3 | | R495.00 | |
| | Learning Disabilities Elevate Children’s Risk for Behavioral-Emotional Problems | Learning Disabilities Elevate Children’s Risk for Behavioral-Emotional Problems
Learning Disabilities Elevate Children’s Risk for Behavioral-Emotional Problems
Overview
Our purpose was to study the frequency of behavioural-emotional problems among children identified with a learning disability (LD).
The study analysed the effect of the severity of LD and gender on the number of behavioural-emotional symptoms reported by teachers and parents. Alarmingly high percentages of children, irrespective of LD type, demonstrated behavioural-emotional problems: more than 37% in Affective, Anxiety, and Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) problems. Contextual variation was large, as more problems were reported by teachers than by mothers. The unique effects of gender and LD type were rare, but the results raised concern for those with MD-only, especially boys. The results underscore the need to draw attention to the importance of assessing children with LD for behavioural-emotional problems and emphasize the importance of teachers’ awareness of behavioural-emotional problems among students with LD and cooperation among child, teacher, and parents in assessment and support planning.
Journal: Journal of learning Disabilities 2022 Volume 55 Issue 6
| 3 | | R480.00 | |
| | Relationship between chronic disease and depression: the mediating effect of pain | Relationship between chronic disease and depression: the mediating effect of pain
Relationship between chronic disease and depression: the mediating effect of pain
Overview The incidence of depression was high in people who were female, less educated, unmarried, living in rural areas, and working. Chronic diseases have a high incidence in China and may cause pain and depression. However, the association of chronic diseases with pain and the incidence of depression has not been comprehensively investigated.
The study population was obtained from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The main outcome was the incidence of depression. The main independent variable was chronic disease (no chronic disease, one chronic disease, and two or more chronic diseases). The mediators were the degree of pain (no pain, mild pain, and moderate to severe pain) and whether measures were taken to relieve pain (measures taken and no measures taken). In conclusion the degree of pain had a partial mediating effect on chronic disease and depression. Pain relief measures should be considered when treating patients with depression.
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Going Beyond the Visible in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Defence Mechanisms and their Associations with Depression and Health-Related Quality of Life | Going Beyond the Visible in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Defence Mechanisms and their Associations with Depression and Health-Related Quality of Life
Going Beyond the Visible in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Defence Mechanisms and their Associations with Depression and Health-Related Quality of Life
Overview
Clinical psychological features may impact a person’s aptitude to deal with chronic diseases, leading to emotional distress, suffering, and a worse perceived quality of life (QoL). Chronic diseases are largely represented, and their incidence is constantly increasing all over the world. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases and it is very difficult to manage, demanding long term self-management, which improves the perceived QoL. The aim of this study was to explore defence mechanisms, depression, QoL, time since diagnosis, and metabolic control in T2DM patients.
In conclusion of the study the correlations between defence mechanisms, depression and health-related QoL highlight the potential personification and protagonization, which may increase over time due to the illness intrusiveness and worsening of diabetes symptoms. The positive association between defensive strategies and well-being measures should be cautiously considered. URL: Going Beyond the Visible in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Defence Mechanisms and Their Associations With Depression and Health-Related Quality of Life (nih.gov)
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| | Prevention of Common Mental Disorders | Prevention of Common Mental Disorders
Prevention of Common Mental Disorders
Overview
This article provides information on how to prevent common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety disorders. The concept of resilience was discussed with reference to risk factors and factors protecting against mental disorders.
The article deals with the prevention of mental disorders, describing its specificity and types. It also focuses on the importance of early intervention in the prevention of mental disorders, emphasizing the need for action already at the stage of infancy. The issues of difficulties in self-regulation in early childhood as a risk factor for the development of disorders in the area of mental health were also discussed, and the possibilities of preventive interventions in this regard were discussed
Statistics show that every year more and more people, including children and adolescents, suffer from mental disorders. Despite alarming data, government spending in the mental health area still does not meet mental health needs. Mental disorders are conditioned by many factors, both non-modifiable and modifiable. Modification of risk factors may, therefore, become an opportunity to reduce the probability of mental disorders, but it requires appropriately adapted interactions
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Psychological Distress during the Retirement Transition and the Role of Psychosocial Working Conditions and Social Living Environment | Psychological Distress during the Retirement Transition and the Role of Psychosocial Working Conditions and Social Living Environment
Psychological Distress during the Retirement Transition and the Role of Psychosocial Working Conditions and Social Living Environment
Mental health is determined by social, biological, and cultural factors and is sensitive to life transitions. We examine how psychosocial working conditions, social living environment, and cumulative risk factors are associated with mental health changes during the retirement transition.
Mental disorders are one of the leading causes of ill-health and disability, increasing the risk of chronic physical conditions and mortality. Mental health is determined by a range of socioeconomic, biological, and cultural factors and is sensitive to major life changes and transitions. Retirement is an important transitional period in late adulthood, traditionally considered as a stressful event, having negative consequences on mental health due to changes in established routines, loss of work-related roles and activities, and reduced income levels. However, there is accumulating evidence of retirement having positive effects on mental health potentially as a consequence of relief from stressful work, increased leisure time, increased physical activity longer sleep duration and fewer sleep difficulties
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Psychotherapy: Processes of Meaning Making and Self Transformation | Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Psychotherapy: Processes of Meaning Making and Self Transformation
Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Psychotherapy: Processes of Meaning Making and Self Transformation
MS is a central nervous system disease which is characterised by demyelination, inflammation and neurodegeneration. There are about 2.2 million cases of MS worldwide. The progression of the illness exhibits significant individual variation ranging from vision problems, fatigue, spasticity and pain to cognitive dysfunction and mood disorders
Recent empirical literature on autoimmune diseases has focused extensively on the implementation and evaluation of psychosocial interventions. Psychotherapy and counselling processes for multiple sclerosis (MS) have gained special attention given the cognitive and behavioural dimensions of the symptoms as well as their unpredictable course. The current study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the meaning making processes for persons with MS (PwMS) who are in psychotherapy treatment.
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | In-Hospital Mortality Following Traumatic Injury in South Africa | In-Hospital Mortality Following Traumatic Injury in South Africa
In-Hospital Mortality Following Traumatic Injury in South Africa
Overview Trauma is a leading cause of death worldwide and in South Africa. We aimed to quantify the in-hospital trauma mortality rate in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. The in-hospital trauma mortality rate in South Africa remains unknown, and it is unclear whether deficits in hospital care are contributing to the high level of trauma-related mortality. All patients hospitalized because of trauma at the Department of Surgery at Grey’s Hospital, Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service, were prospectively entered in an electronic database starting in 2013 and the data were retrospectively analysed. The trauma service adheres to Advanced Trauma Life Support and the doctors have attended basic and advanced courses in trauma care. In conclusion, the in-hospital trauma mortality rate at a South African trauma center using systematic trauma care is lower than that reported from other trauma centers in the world during the past 20 years. Nevertheless, 16% of death cases were assessed as avoidable if there had been better access to intensive care, dialysis, advanced respiratory care, blood for transfusion, and improvements in surgery and medical care.
Journal Annals of Surgery Open
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| | Relationship between dental experiences, oral hygiene education and self-reported oral hygiene behaviour | Relationship between dental experiences, oral hygiene education and self-reported oral hygiene behaviour
Relationship between dental experiences, oral hygiene education and self-reported oral hygiene behaviour
Overview
Many preventive approaches in dentistry aim to improve oral health through behavioural instruction or intervention concerning oral health behaviour. However, it is still unknown which factors have the highest impact on oral health behaviours, such as toothbrushing or regular dental check-ups.
Various external and internal individual factors such as education, experience with dentists or influence by parents could be relevant. Therefore, the present observational study investigated the influence of these factors on self-reported oral heath behaviour. Dental anxiety and current negative dental experiences reduced participants’ dental self-efficacy perceptions as well as the self-inspection of one’s teeth. While parental care positively influenced the attitude towards one’s teeth, dental self-efficacy perceptions significantly correlated with attitude towards oral hygiene, self-inspection of one’s teeth and parental care.
Dental anxiety, dental experiences, parents’ care for their children’s oral hygiene and dental self-efficacy perceptions influence the attitude towards oral hygiene and one’s own oral cavity as well as the autonomous control of one’s own dental health.
Journal PLoS ONE
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Cognitive function in patients undergoing cystectomy for bladder cancer – results from a prospective observational study. | Cognitive function in patients undergoing cystectomy for bladder cancer – results from a prospective observational study.
Cognitive function in patients undergoing cystectomy for bladder cancer – results from a prospective observational study.
Overview
Impaired cognitive function of bladder cancer patients plays a role in coping with the kind of urinary diversion and may impact perioperative morbidity. In this study we therefore aimed to assess the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in patients undergoing radical cystectomy. Secondary objectives included correlation of common cognition tests, assessment of the admitting physician, and perioperative complication rates.
Patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer were prospectively screened by neuropsychological tests including cognition tests [DemTect (Dementia Detection test), MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination), clock drawing test] prior to surgery. Mild cognitive impairment was observed in more than a quarter of radical cystectomy patients prior to surgery. Preoperative assessment should be supplemented by neuropsychological testing such as the DemTect as mild cognitive impairment is often underestimated and associated with significantly higher perioperative complication rates.
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Role of organizational psychology in dealing with human resources and the performance of the organization | Role of organizational psychology in dealing with human resources and the performance of the organization
Role of organizational psychology in dealing with human resources and the performance of the organization
Organizational psychology focuses mainly on taking care of corporate interests and the needs of employees. This seeks to provide a better life and better conditions for employees in their companies to help them be more productive and effective in their organization. This article focuses on how the organization is practicing the psychology of training and motivation for the growth of the organization.
This study was undertaken with the employees working in different organizations. The main focus is how organizational psychology creates an impact on the performance of the organization. This study was undertaken with the employees working in different organizations.
In this research, many participants agreed that motivation and training affect the employees’ performance. The outcomes revealed that organizational psychology has many roles in the participants’ organizations such as increasing the performance, the productivity, the efficiency of the employees and many others.
| 3 | | R445.00 | |
| | Do personal resilience, coping styles, and social support prevent future psychological distress when experiencing workplace bullying? Evidence from a 1-year prospective study. | Do personal resilience, coping styles, and social support prevent future psychological distress when experiencing workplace bullying? Evidence from a 1-year prospective study.
Do personal resilience, coping styles, and social support prevent future psychological distress when experiencing workplace bullying? Evidence from a 1-year prospective study.
Overview Although previous studies have identified that workplace bullying causes serious mental health problems to the victims, it is not yet fully investigated moderating factors on the association between workplace bullying and psychological distress. This longitudinal study, therefore, examined the moderating role of organizational resources such as supervisor support or coworker support as well as individual resources such as stress coping styles or personal resilience on the association.
The results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that workplace bullying was associated with subsequent increased psychological distress even after adjusting for individual and occupational characteristics, but its association disappeared after adjusting for psychological distress at baseline. After adjusting for psychological distress at baseline, greater resilience, greater seeking help, greater changing view, and lower avoidance were associated with lower subsequent psychological distress when being bullied. In contrast, worksite social support and family/ friends support was not associated with lower subsequent psychological distress when being bullied. A significant interaction effect of workplace bullying and changing mood was observed on subsequent psychological distress.
It was concluded that the effects or moderating factors were limited on the longitudinal association between bullying and mental health because psychological distress at baseline was the strongest predictor of subsequent psychological distress.
| 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Gaining a Better Understanding of the Types of Organizational Culture to Manage Suffering at Work | Gaining a Better Understanding of the Types of Organizational Culture to Manage Suffering at Work
Gaining a Better Understanding of the Types of Organizational Culture to Manage Suffering at Work
Overview
Organizational culture is a central concept in research due to its importance in organizational functioning and suffering of employees. To better manage suffering, it is necessary to better understand the intrinsic characteristics of each type of culture and its relationships with the environment.
According to the study by Schein (2010), the organizational culture is a pattern of basic values and presuppositions that are shared and learned by a group while resolving the problems of external adaptation and internal integration. Each culture represents a different set of values and presuppositions. All organizations have all four types but in different proportions. This is a typological model because it aims to identify archetypes using different effectiveness criteria.
Contrary to what most of the literature suggests, we found almost no relationship between the environmental variables and the culture types. Strategy and competencies, in contrast, do have a significant predictive capacity, showing 9 links with the Clan culture, 7 with the Hierarchy culture, and 10 with the Market culture. In conclusion, this study has found the important characteristics of the types of organizational culture that could be useful to better manage the suffering of employees.
| 3 | | R489.00 | |
| | The digital-era Industrial/Organisational Psychologist: Employers view of key service roles, skills and attributes | The digital-era Industrial/Organisational Psychologist: Employers view of key service roles, skills and attributes
The digital-era Industrial/Organisational Psychologist: Employers view of key service roles, skills and attributes
Overview The nature of the Fourth Industrial Revolution’s technology-driven work and business profoundly alters the foundational assumptions upon which industrial/organisational (I/O) psychologists in future will base their understanding of their professional roles in the modern workplace. The objective of the study was to gain deeper insight into South African employers’ views of the service roles, skills and attributes of the future-fit digital-era I/O psychologist. More research is needed on the service roles, skills and attributes that employers require from I/O psychologists as companies are transitioning to technology-enabled hybrid and flexible models of work. Digitally dexterous I/O psychologists should be at the forefront of technology and its impact on workplaces and the profession’s scope of practice.
The study adds to the Industrial/Organisational Psychology research literature and reveals the dire need for I/O psychologists to adapt and evolve their scope of practice services and products to ensure the continued relevance of the IOP profession.
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| | Effective Treatment Interventions for Patients with a Diagnosed Anxiety Disorder | Effective Treatment Interventions for Patients with a Diagnosed Anxiety Disorder
Effective Treatment Interventions for Patients with a Diagnosed Anxiety Disorder
Overview The aim of this study is to review evidence of treatment interventions for patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders. Anxiety is a condition in which the person has anxiety that does not go away and gets worse over time. Symptoms of anxiety interfere with daily activities including job performance, schoolwork, and relationships. Several types of anxiety disorders exist; however, the cause is unknown. Factors included in causes are thought to be genetics, stress, environment, and brain chemistry. In addition, anxiety disorders are also the leading cause of disability of all psychiatric disorders, causing a larger cost burden than other psychological disorder.
Conclusions of this study found that exercise programs are a viable treatment option for anxiety with ease of access and without added negative side effects.
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Expression beyond Words: An Analysis of Human Figure Drawing of Children and Adolescents with ADHD | Expression beyond Words: An Analysis of Human Figure Drawing of Children and Adolescents with ADHD
Expression beyond Words: An Analysis of Human Figure Drawing of Children and Adolescents with ADHD
Overview
Children’s' drawing are good indicators of emotion, self- esteem and social competence, as well as other personality aspects. Children in the phase of development, express their emotions more through images or drawings instead of words (Catte & Cox, 1999). The current study aims to explore emotional indicators in the drawings of children and adolescents with ADHD. More specifically, the objective of the investigation is to determine if there are gender and age –wise differences in emotional wellbeing.
Human figure drawing of 52 children and adolescents were analysed according to 5-category emotional problems The emotional problems were characterized as impulsivity, insecurity-inadequacy, shyness-timidity, anxiety and anger- aggressiveness. Emotional indicators amongst each category were analysed to find if they were linked to gender and age groups. Chi-Square analysis showed gender differences within the emotional indicators; boys who participated in this study manifested more anger related issues than girls, whereas girls showed more traits of shyness.
The findings suggested emotional wellbeing of children with ADHD increases with age, additionally while girls remain timidly shy, and boys retain aggressiveness. The findings have important implications for clinical and educational psychology.
| 3 | | R440.00 | |
| | The Effects of psychological interventions on well-being measured with the Mental Health Continuum: a meta-analysis. | The Effects of psychological interventions on well-being measured with the Mental Health Continuum: a meta-analysis.
The Effects of psychological interventions on well-being measured with the Mental Health Continuum: a meta-analysis.
The last decades experienced a rapid growth in the number of studies examining the effects of psychological interventions on well-being, yet well-being is often conceptualized and measured in different ways in these studies. Previous meta-analyses included studies with a plethora of different well-being instruments, which provides an ambiguous picture of the effectiveness. Furthermore, prior meta-analyses mainly included specific types of psychological interventions. The goal of the current study was to synthesize the effectiveness of psychological interventions in improving well-being as measured with one consistent and comprehensive well-being instrument, the Mental Health Continuum (MHC). The literature was searched for RCTs examining the effect of psychological interventions in both clinical and non-clinical populations that used the MHC as outcome.
The findings suggest that psychological interventions can improve well-being, and that different interventions have the potential to improve well-being. Effects also seem to be independent of other factors, including delivery mode, format or target group.
Journal Journal of Happiness Studies
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| | Prevalence and Factors Associated with Substance Use Among University Students in South Africa: implications for prevention | Prevalence and Factors Associated with Substance Use Among University Students in South Africa: implications for prevention
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Substance Use Among University Students in South Africa: implications for prevention
Substance use is an important public health concern in many countries across the globe. Among the public, institutions of higher learning have developed a reputation for inducing new substance use among students. In addition to socio-demographic factors, substance use and abuse among university students often appear to be related to psychological stressors typically related to the demand to adapt to the new environment and the pressures associated with academia. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of, and factors associated with substance use among university students.
Findings of such studies show that the use of alcohol, particularly getting drunk and binge drinking, marijuana and non-prescription amphetamine, were considerably higher among university students when compared with their non-university attending peers.
It is hoped that the results, implications, limitation, and recommendation of the present study invokes increased focus and ignites novel or innovative thinking when undertaking research of similar nature.
Journal BMC Psychol. 2022; 10: 309
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| | Loneliness, Ageism, and Mental Health: The buffering role of resilience in seniors | Loneliness, Ageism, and Mental Health: The buffering role of resilience in seniors
Loneliness, Ageism, and Mental Health: The buffering role of resilience in seniors
Ageism and loneliness are two relevant public health phenomena because of their negative impact on the senior's mental health. With the increase in average life expectancy, these tend to co-occur, which may increase the psychological distress (PD) of seniors. Resilience has been shown to be an important protective factor of seniors’ mental health, although its potential buffering role of public health risk factors with cumulative impact on mental health, such as loneliness and ageism, needs to be more studied.
Resilience was an important protective factor of mental health against the effects of ageism, and partially protected mental health from the effects of loneliness among seniors. It is suggested that resilience be considered as a factor to be integrated in future intervention programs for mental health. The practical applicability of this study is discussed.
Journal International Journal of Clinical Health Psychology Volume 23 Issue 1
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| | Childhood Adverse Events and the Long-Term Effects on Mental Health | Childhood Adverse Events and the Long-Term Effects on Mental Health
Childhood Adverse Events and the Long-Term Effects on Mental Health
There has long been an association between family history and mental illness; however, recently researchers have focused on the correlation between childhood adverse events and mood disorders, specifically bipolar disorder. This study shows there is a strong correlation between CAE and PB, specifically, sexual abuse in females, maternal separation, economic difficulty and a family history of mental illness.
The findings suggest that females that experience childhood adverse events may be at a higher risk for developing bipolar disorder and the clinical outcome of bipolar disorder may also be affected by the type and number of childhood adverse events.
The results also suggest that schizophrenic spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder are associated with different childhood adverse events. Females who have recollections of childhood abuse are at an increased risk for depressive symptoms associated with bipolar disorder. Psychosocial interventions that are geared towards limiting childhood adverse events may reduce the incidence of mental illness, specifically bipolar disorder.
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Five-Minute Cognitive Test as A New Quick Screning of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly | Five-Minute Cognitive Test as A New Quick Screning of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly
Five-Minute Cognitive Test as A New Quick Screning of Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly
Overview
As old population is dramatically growing, the detection of early cognitive deficit will become increasingly crucial. Effective cognitive screening test with quick and convenient merits will ensure recognition of early cognitive deficit and timely intervention. This study aims to develop a new evaluation method for quickly and conveniently screening cognitive impairment in the elderly.
The five-minute cognitive test (FCT) was designed to capture deficits in five domains of cognitive abilities, including episodic memory, language fluency, time orientation, visuospatial function, and executive function. Subsequently, FCT efficiencies in differentiating normally cognitive ability from cognitive impairment were explored and compared with that of the Mini-Mental Status Evaluation (MMSE). Equipercentile equating method was utilized to create a crosswalk between scores of the FCT and MMSE. Further, the association of scores of the FCT and MMSE with hippocampal volumes was investigated.
Many screening tools are currently available, but no tools meet the four important requirements for widespread use in clinical practice or large-scale epidemiological studies — that is, capture a clinically acceptable range of cognitive domains, take short time to administrate (around 5 minutes), have high accuracy for detecting cognitive impairment, and incorporate visual recall, which is the earliest deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. The FCT is a novel, reliable, and valid cognitive screening test for the detection of dementia at early stages.
Journal
JKL International LLC Aging and Disease Volume 10, Number 6 URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6844584/pdf/ad-10-6-1258.pdf
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| | Exercise Interventions in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care: An overview of the evidence and recommendations for implementation | Exercise Interventions in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care: An overview of the evidence and recommendations for implementation
Exercise Interventions in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care: An overview of the evidence and recommendations for implementation
Overview
The poor physical health of people with mental illness has long been established. A 15–20-year mortality gap arises from factors such as the likelihood of developing noncommunicable diseases, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, reduced access to and provision of physical health care, and side-effects of medication.
This has been labeled an international human rights scandal, since a large proportion of this risk is preventable. In recognition of these disparities, international health bodies have produced guidance to address poor physical health, including the World Health Organization, World Psychiatric Association, and a Lancet Psychiatry Commission.
The use of physical activity interventions in mental health care for adults has a large academic evidence base and numerous examples of real-world implementation. However, the use of physical activity within mental health care for children and young people (CYP) has received less attention to date.
The key conclusions from this article, suggest there is an increasingly strong evidence base for the benefits of using physical activity interventions to improve, prevent, and manage physical and mental health outcomes in CYP with mental illness. However, more work needs to be done to improve the evidence base, refine its implementation into standard mental health care, and develop strategies for large-scale dissemination of such interventions across various care and cultural contexts.
The Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health JCPP Advances
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| | Tree of Life: A Tool for Therapeutic Growth | Tree of Life: A Tool for Therapeutic Growth
Tree of Life: A Tool for Therapeutic Growth
Overview
This paper presents a review of the Tree of Life (ToL) – a strengths-based tool rooted in narrative therapy – as an intervention for children and young people (CYP). Originally developed to support vulnerable young people in Zimbabwe, ToL is now used to support children and adults in many countries and contexts across the world.
This paper discusses key aspects of the tool, evaluates the evidence base of ToL with young people, shares the views of CYP and parents, and suggests implications for schools and educational psychology practice in the UK.
Journal
Educational Psychology Research and Practice Volume 7 Issue 1
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Blood-brain barrier pathology in patients with severe mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of biomarkers in case-control studies | Blood-brain barrier pathology in patients with severe mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of biomarkers in case-control studies
Blood-brain barrier pathology in patients with severe mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of biomarkers in case-control studies
Overview Blood-brain barrier (BBB) pathology may be associated with mental disorders. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to identify, evaluate and summarize available evidence on whether potential biomarkers of BBB pathology are altered in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, major depression and bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls. The findings implicate occurrence of BBB pathology in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, major depression and bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls. However, definite conclusions cannot be drawn, mainly because the investigated biomarkers are indirect measures of BBB pathology.
Authors Jesper Futtrup, Rebecca Margolinsky, Michael Eriksen Benros, Torben Moos, Lisa Juul Routhe, Jørgen Rungby, Jesper Krogh
Journal Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Negative stereotypes as motivated justifications for moral exclusion | Negative stereotypes as motivated justifications for moral exclusion
Negative stereotypes as motivated justifications for moral exclusion
Overview: This article investigated the connection between moral exclusion of outgroups and on the one hand, right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), and social dominance orientation (SDO) on the other. It was assumed that both RWA and SDO would increase the tendency to place other groups out of the scope of justice. However, we also tested whether negative stereotypes about an outgroup’s threatening and norm-violating misbehaviour would serve as a justification for moral exclusion. These assumptions were tested in connection with Roma, Jewish, and Muslim people as target groups in the Hungarian context (N = 441). In line with our hypotheses, we found that both RWA and SDO had an indirect effect on moral exclusion mediated by negative stereotypes about the particular target group. The findings of this article suggested that negative stereotypes were more important legitimizing factors for RWA than for SDO. The results highlight the benefits of interpreting the process of moral exclusion as an outcome of motivated social cognition
Authors: Márton Hadarics and Anna Kende Journal: The Journal of Social Psychology
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | COVID 19 - Violent Policing of Black Men During Lockdown Regulations in South Africa | COVID 19 - Violent Policing of Black Men During Lockdown Regulations in South Africa
COVID 19 - Violent Policing of Black Men During Lockdown Regulations in South Africa
Overview Drawing on media reports published during South Africa’s COVID-19 lockdown, this article argues that violent policing of black men in South African townships was driven by racial stereotypes which depict black men as unruly, defiant, violent and aggressive. Law enforcement officials’ use of violence is rooted within the social construct of hegemonic masculinities in which victims are positioned as villains, while law enforcement officials position themselves as heroes who are simply enforcing the rule of law. This article argues that the use of violence affirms law enforcement officials’ sense of manhood while undermining, shaming and marginalising young black men’s sense of manhood. Furthermore, the article posits that the lockdown regulations gave law enforcement officials additional power and authority, bolstered by the panic and fear associated with the risk of contracting COVID-19, to further criminalise young black men. Policing is not just a safety act but a gendered phenomenon which draws on other discourses of race and class in justifying certain acts of violence against poor, black working-class men
Authors: Malose Langa University of the Witwatersrand. Department of Psychology Journal BMC Health Services Research
Bandile Bertrand Leopeng University of the Witwatersrand. Department of Psychology
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Rise and Fall: The Unsuspended Revolution | Rise and Fall: The Unsuspended Revolution
Rise and Fall: The Unsuspended Revolution
Overview The following article reveals a fascinating link of intersections between the media, politics and social psychology, as all these elements combined to culminate in the #FeesMustFall protests at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits University) in South Africa in 2015. This study reveals the links in a chain of events recorded in print, photographic and video formats in the months prior to the protests.
The first is in a magazine interview given by Wits vice chancellor professor Adam Habib before the #FeesMustFall protests, the second is an Internet documentary featuring student leaders Vuyani Pambo and Mcebo Dlamini released a few months before the initiation of the protests, as well as the events captured during the campaign itself. In all these respective outlets one is privy to the internal dynamics of student politics at Wits university that all played a crucial role in the ensuing unprecedented protests and waves of decolonization in educational reform that were to follow.
This article seeks to explain the consequences of conflicting worldviews by reconciling these disparities with the impact that conscientization (Freire 1972) has for catalysing revolutions and effecting positive changes on multiple levels.
Author Bandile B Leopeng
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Personality psychology in times of crisis: Profile-specific recommendations on how to deal with COVID-19 | Personality psychology in times of crisis: Profile-specific recommendations on how to deal with COVID-19
Personality psychology in times of crisis: Profile-specific recommendations on how to deal with COVID-19
Overview The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic posed a twofold global health threat: Besides the evident danger to human life, the corona crisis is also a psychological crisis. Psychologists worldwide have contributed to cushion the distress that is laid on many societies and enforce adaptive coping strategies. However, psychological support in the past has often been broadly applied, has not been particularly parsimonious and has often been focused on severe psychological stressors. In this brief report the development and application of a low threshold tool that generates personality-specific recommendations on how to functionally cope with the psychological challenges of the corona crisis is described. The tool gained widespread attention in Germany and many other countries and was well received by users. It demonstrates how psychological knowledge from personality and health psychology can be combined to be of very concrete use for many people in a threatening situation. It is also show that personality is related to health behaviour in a crisis in a meaningful way, providing further evidence that personality-specific advice can be a useful approach for supporting persons to cope with the crisis.
Authors: Moritz Michels, Andreas Glockner, Daniel Giersch Journal Personality and Individual Differences
| 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | The psychosocial impact of surgical complications on the operating surgeon: A scoping review | The psychosocial impact of surgical complications on the operating surgeon: A scoping review
The psychosocial impact of surgical complications on the operating surgeon: A scoping review
Overview Surgical complications are common, and their management is an integral part of surgical care. The impact on the surgeon, the “second victim” is significant, particularly in terms of psychological health. The aim of this review is to describe the nature of psychosocial consequences of surgical complications on the surgeons involved. Following scoping review protocols, this study set out to identify the evidence-base for psychosocial consequences on the operating surgeon, predominantly general surgeons, following surgical complications. This review suggests that the psychosocial impact, following a complication, is variable but affects every surgeon irrespective of the level of impact on the patient. The main variables differentiating impact are severity, and outcome of the complication and seniority of the surgeon. Reported emotions and behaviours were generally negative and persist across the surgeon’s journey towards recovery. Surgeons who manage stress well exhibit largely constructive behaviours and actively work to recover. Identification of variables underpinning complications, and affected surgeons is paramount, as is the provision of services to support recovery. Efforts should be made to proactively prevent complications, via education, awareness and to formalise support processes.
Authors Manjunath Siddaiah-Subramanya, Henry To, Catherine Haigh Journal Annals of Medicine and Surgery
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Professional YouTubers’ health videos as research material: Formulating a multi-method design in health psychology | Professional YouTubers’ health videos as research material: Formulating a multi-method design in health psychology
Professional YouTubers’ health videos as research material: Formulating a multi-method design in health psychology
Overview
Professional YouTubers are developing a new culture through which they stage health content in pervasive ways. The present article aims to provide a methodological approach to analyse this type of content by adopting a critical perspective in health psychology. To achieve this, the theoretical framework was defined. Second, a multi-method design combining narrative and visual analyses was formulated, as well as automatised linguistic procedures. The potential of this methodology through concrete examples was then illustrated. Implications of this methodology in health psychology are discussed with regard to healthism, a dominant contemporary trend that strongly values the individualised pursuit of health.
Authors del Río Carral María, Volpato Lucia, Michoud Chlo´e, Phan Thanh-Trung, Gatica-P´erez Daniel
Journal Methods in Psychology
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Perceptions around adult and child sex offenders and their rehabilitation as a function of education in forensic psychology independent of traditionalism and perpetrator sex | Perceptions around adult and child sex offenders and their rehabilitation as a function of education in forensic psychology independent of traditionalism and perpetrator sex
Perceptions around adult and child sex offenders and their rehabilitation as a function of education in forensic psychology independent of traditionalism and perpetrator sex
Overview
Literature pertaining to individuals with sexual convictions typically reports punitive views about their crimes, sentences, and overall effectiveness of rehabilitation, with such perceptions partially driven by offence demographics such as victim age and perpetrator sex. This manuscript extends this literature through the exploration of perceiver characteristics of self-reported traditionalism and education in forensic psychology as mechanisms of perceptions and awareness. Participants (N ¼ 101; 60% forensic psychology students; 40% general public) read online vignettes related to sexual offences (manipulating perpetrator sex and victim age), and completed measures of perceptions of sex offenders, perceived rehabilitation efficacy and traditionalism. Members of the general population (without a background of education in forensic psychology) reported harsher views towards individuals with sexual convictions and their rehabilitation, relative to students of forensic psychology, independent of their greater traditionalism. There was no main effect of or interaction with perpetrator sex. Whilst participants endorsed more negative perceptions towards sex offenders of child than adult victims, this did not extent to differences in perceptions regarding their rehabilitation. Findings reported here indicate a need for greater understanding as to the factors that might moderate perceptions towards individuals with sexual convictions and have implications for the promotion of sex offender rehabilitation programmes. Understanding the root of such public attitudes is a key step for creating and improving associated policies.
Authors Megan Rothwell, Dean Fido, Nadja Heym
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Towards a Decolonized Dialogical Psychotherapy | Towards a Decolonized Dialogical Psychotherapy
Towards a Decolonized Dialogical Psychotherapy
Overview
In the following article the author argues for a new type of therapeutic approach which he termed “dialogical decolonised psychotherapy”, which uses similar concepts that are the foundation of Freire’s Pedagogy of Freedom (2000) and Martín-Baró’s liberation psychology (1996) and applies them to contemporary psychotherapy in South Africa.
This article focuses on the practice of psychotherapy in public and private settings. In line with this, the existing models of psychotherapy which utilise exclusively westernised frameworks by practising clinicians are regarded as potentially damaging to the therapeutic relationship in South Africa. He introduces “Therapy as Dialogical” and show how this approach is preferable in terms of building a genuine therapeutic relationship where all clients and psychotherapists are considered participants in creation.
Author
Bandile Leopeng University of the Witswatersrand
| 3 | | R445.00 | |
| | Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children and adolescents in the UK: a prospective national cohort study | Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children and adolescents in the UK: a prospective national cohort study
Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children and adolescents in the UK: a prospective national cohort study
Overview The spectrum of neurological and psychiatric complications associated with paediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection is poorly understood. This study aimed to analyse the range and prevalence of these complications in hospitalised children and adolescents. A national cohort study was conducted in the UK using an online network of secure rapid-response notification portals established by the CoroNerve study group. Patients were excluded if they did not have a neurological consultation or neurological investigations or both or did not meet the definition for confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (a positive PCR or respiratory or spinal fluid samples, serology for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, or both). Individuals were classified as having either a primary neurological disorder associated with COVID-19 (COVID-19 neurology group) or PIMS-TS with neurological features (PIMS-TS neurology group). The denominator of all hospitalised children and adolescents with COVID-19 was collated from National Health Service England data. This study identified key differences between those with a primary neurological disorder versus those with PIMS-TS. Compared with patients with a primary neurological disorder, more patients with PIMS-TS needed intensive care, but outcomes were similar overall.
Authors Stephen T J Ray et al
Journal The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Helping the Surgeon Recover: Peer-to-Peer Coaching after Bile Duct Injury | Helping the Surgeon Recover: Peer-to-Peer Coaching after Bile Duct Injury
Helping the Surgeon Recover: Peer-to-Peer Coaching after Bile Duct Injury
Overview Bile duct injury sustained during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with high morbidity and mortality and can be a devastating complication for a general surgeon. This study introduces a novel, individualized surgical coaching program for surgeons who recently injured a bile duct in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The course aims to explore the perception of coaching among these surgeons and to assess surgeons’ experiences in the coaching program. Six general surgeons who injured a bile duct at an emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy participated in a one-on-one coaching session with a hepatopancreatobiliary surgeon. The session focused on debriefing the index case with video feedback, and discussion of strategies for safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Peer coaching was identified as a valuable resource in helping surgeons regain confidence and maintain well-being after a bile duct injury. Maintaining a collegial, nonjudgmental relationship is critical in establishing positive coaching experiences. An individualized surgical coaching program creates a unique opportunity for professional development and may help promote safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Authors Alice ZhuShirley, DengBrittany, GreeneMelanie, TsangShiva Jayarama
Journal Journal of the American College of Surgeons
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | HIV and Aids | HIV and Aids
Overview
HIV disease is caused by infection with HIV-1 or HIV-2, which are retroviruses in the Retroviridae family, Lentivirus genus. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug paraphernalia, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), which can occur during the birth process or during breastfeeding. The patient with HIV may present with signs and symptoms of any of the stages of HIV infection. No physical findings are specific to HIV infection; the physical findings are those of the presenting infection or illness. Examples of manifestations include acute seroconversion manifests as a flulike illness, consisting of fever, malaise, generalized rash, generalized lymphadenopathy is common and may be a presenting symptom. This course covers the screening, diagnosis, medication and management of Aids.
Author: Sharespike
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Dentist Job Satisfaction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | Dentist Job Satisfaction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Dentist Job Satisfaction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Overview
Because of the heterogeneous nature of the evidence regarding dentists’ job satisfaction, an overview was necessary to examine dentists’ level of job satisfaction and to determine related work environmental factors.
Nine studies were included from the 1987 initially retrieved. Among the included studies, 5 exhibited a neutral level of satisfaction and originated from China, South Korea, Egypt, and the United States, and 3 studies from Canada, Lithuania, and the United States showed a high level of satisfaction. Only 1 study did not report the mean job satisfaction score. According to bias evaluation, 9 studies were considered low risk.
The findings showed that dentists were satisfied with their jobs at a moderate to high level, and specialists were more satisfied than general dentists. Regarding work environmental factors, the 6 most satisfied factors were patient relationships, respect, delivery of care, staff, professional relationship, and professional environment. Five of the least satisfied factors were personal time, stress, income, practice management, and professional time.
Authors Van Nhat Thang Le, Minh-Huy Dang, Jae-Gon Kim, Yeon-Mi Yang, Dae-Woo Lee
Journal: International Dental Journal
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | The role of the dentist in the diagnosis and management of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea | The role of the dentist in the diagnosis and management of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
The role of the dentist in the diagnosis and management of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
Overview
The objective of this article is to review the role of the dentist in the early diagnosis of pediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and to provide an in-depth review of the best evidence-based practices available to treat and/or to refer these patients for intervention. A narrative review was performed using indexed data bases (PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, OVID, Scopus and Cochrane) up to year 2020, and approximately 1000 articles were reviewed. The articles included were those with the best information provided.
Detailed review of the literature suggests that the role of the dentist has been redefined owing to their expertise in the orofacial region. Every patient consulting a dental practice is not merely a dental patient; he/she also requires a comprehensive medical review. The role of the dentist is pivotal in pediatric patients once diagnosed with OSA; as the patients grow, growth modification can be achieved, and future management will be easier. Initiating dental treatments during growth can benefit patients two-fold, saving them from malocclusion, and intervening in orofacial structural growth can help to avoid cumbersome treatments, such as CPAP and various surgeries. Proper diagnosis and management of systemic illnesses can prevent compromised quality of life, delays in treatment, morbidity and, in some cases, mortality.
Authors: Hafiz M. Moin Anwer, Hamad N. Albagieh, Mythili Kalladka, Harmeet K. Chiang, Shaima Malik , Sean W. McLaren, Junad Khan
Journal: Saudi Dental Journal
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | General Anxiety in Dental Staff and Hemodynamic Changes over Endodontists’ Workday during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Prospective Longitudinal Study | General Anxiety in Dental Staff and Hemodynamic Changes over Endodontists’ Workday during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
General Anxiety in Dental Staff and Hemodynamic Changes over Endodontists’ Workday during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Overview The aim of this study was to assess general anxiety levels in endodontists and dental assistants related to different conditions during the pandemic and lockdown and to evaluate hemodynamic changes in endodontists’ heart rate (HR), blood pressure, and blood oxygenation during their workday. Anxiety levels in endodontists and dental assistants were recorded weekly during the state of alarm declared because of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Hemodynamic parameters were monitored using a sphygmomanometer for HR and blood pressure and a pulse oximeter for oxygen saturation.
Measurements were taken before and after each root canal treatment as well as on arrival at the clinic and at the end of the working day. Rest data, recorded every Saturday, served as a control. Endodontists perceived higher anxiety levels of anxiety during anaesthesia inoculation and dental assistants during the dental unit’s disinfection and equipment material. There was a significant increase in the cardiovascular response in all endodontists in the clinic registrations compared with rest data. Values were higher in the strict confinement period and significant for HR when arriving at the clinic.
Levels of general anxiety were higher during the first weeks. The chief perceived factors related to anxiety in endodontists and dental assistants were the risk of contagion and protection measures. Higher HR and blood pressure levels were registered during the workday, especially when arriving at the clinic.
Authors Juan Gonzalo Olivieri, Carlota de Espana, Marc Encinas, * XavierFructuos Ruiz, Queralt Miro, Jordi Ortega-Martinez, Fernando Dur anSindreu, Journal Journal of Endodontics
| 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Occupational health practices among dental care professionals before and during the COVID-19 pandemic | Occupational health practices among dental care professionals before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Occupational health practices among dental care professionals before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Overview The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a substantial burden on dental care professionals. While dentistry is known as one of the most exposed and high-risk professions, dental care professionals are indeed at even greater risk. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, occupational health practices, personal protective equipment usage, and mental stressors during COVID-19 pandemic among dental care professionals. Ongoing training on infection control, occupational health practices, and PPE usage can prevent the transmission of COVID-19 among dental care professionals and the public. Lack of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) is a burden for applying occupational health practices in dental clinics and present a risk to the public. COVID-19 may contribute to developing psychological stress and disrupt healthy work-life balance among dental professionals.
Authors: Sean Banaee, Denise M. Claiborne and Muge Akpinar-Elci
Journal Work 68
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Exploring the Contexts, Mechanisms and Outcomes of a Dental Anxiety Service in Norway: A Realist Evaluation | Exploring the Contexts, Mechanisms and Outcomes of a Dental Anxiety Service in Norway: A Realist Evaluation
Exploring the Contexts, Mechanisms and Outcomes of a Dental Anxiety Service in Norway: A Realist Evaluation
Overview Torture, abuse and dental phobia are often precursors to developing a pathological relationship with dental care due to elevated anxiety and the risk for re-traumatisation. Consequently, this patient group tends to avoid dental services, leaving them with severe tooth decay that affects both their general and psychosocial health. Norwegian dental services have implemented a specific dental service targeting this patient group, aiming to both alleviate their dental anxiety and restore their oral health. The outcomes of this service have been positive, but for this model to be transferrable to other national contexts, it is necessary not just to understand whether the service works, but also how and why it works. Therefore, this study developed theories on how the structure of the service alleviates dental anxiety and restores patients’ oral health. Although developed specially in a Norwegian context, these theories may be applicable to other national and international contexts. First, the state-subsidised dental service affects service access and service uptake. Second, this service can be adapted and tailored to regional resources to meet the needs of the heterogenous patient group. Third, regional service teams are cohesive because of a lack of national communication and cooperative practice. Fourth, the complexity of migration processes and poor dissemination practices leads to poor recruitment of torture survivors to the service. The service follows a hybrid bottom-up, top-down approach, allowing teams to practise discretion and tailor their approach to meet individual needs.
Authors: Emilie Bryne, Sarah Catherine Patricia Duff Hean, Kjersti Berge Evensen, Vibeke Hervik Bull
Journal: BMC Health Services Research
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Pain Management through Neurocognitive Therapeutic Exercises in Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain | Pain Management through Neurocognitive Therapeutic Exercises in Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Pain Management through Neurocognitive Therapeutic Exercises in Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain
Overview The hypermobile type of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) is likely the most common hereditary disorder of connective tissue mainly characterized by joint hypermobility. Patients with hEDS suffer joint pain, in particular low back pain, commonly resistant to drug therapy. The aim of this research was to evaluate a neurocognitive rehabilitation approach based not only on the motion and function recovery but also on the pain management. In this nonrandomized clinical trial, eighteen hEDS patients (4 males and 14 females) with mean age 21 years (range 13-55) were recruited and evaluated before and after three months of rehabilitation treatment. The clinical results observed in this study seem to confirm the role of a specific neurocognitive rehabilitation program in the chronic pain management in the Ehlers–Danlos syndrome; the rehabilitation treatment should be tailored on patient problems and focused not only in the recovery of movement but also on pain perception.
Authors Claudia Celletti, Teresa Paolucci , Loredana Maggi, Giordana Volpi, Mariangela Billi, Roberta Mollica,and Filippo Camerota
Journal Hindawi BioMed Research International
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Applying machine learning on health record data from general practitioners to predict suicidality | Applying machine learning on health record data from general practitioners to predict suicidality
Applying machine learning on health record data from general practitioners to predict suicidality
Overview Suicidal behaviour is difficult to detect in the general practice. Machine learning (ML) algorithms using routinely collected data might support General Practitioners (GPs) in the detection of suicidal behaviour. In this paper, we applied machine learning techniques to support GPs recognizing suicidal behaviour in primary care patients using routinely collected general practice data. Machine learning was applied to predict suicidal behaviour using general practice data. Our results showed that these techniques can be used as a complementary step in the identification and stratification of patients at risk of suicidal behaviour. The results are encouraging and provide a first step to use automated screening directly in clinical practice. Additional data from different social domains, such as employment and education, might improve accuracy.
Authors Kasper van Mens, Elke Elzinga, Mark Nielen, Joran Lokkerbol, Rune Poortvliet, Gé Donker, Marianne Heins, Joke Korevaarc, Michel Dückers, Claire Aussems, Marco Helbich, Bea Tiemens, Renske Gilissen, Aartjan Beekman, Derek de Beurs
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Imagined and Actual Acupuncture Effects on Chronic Low Back Pain: A Preliminary Study | Imagined and Actual Acupuncture Effects on Chronic Low Back Pain: A Preliminary Study
Imagined and Actual Acupuncture Effects on Chronic Low Back Pain: A Preliminary Study
Overview
Research suggests that imagined experiences can produce brain responses similar to those produced by actual experiences. Shared brain responses that support both imagination and perception may underlie the functional nature of mental imagery. In a previous study, acupuncture and imagery were combined to develop a new treatment method, video-guided acupuncture imagery treatment (VGAIT). We found that VGAIT significantly increased pain thresholds in healthy subjects. The aim of this study is to extend our previous finding by investigating whether VGAIT can relieve symptoms in patients with chronic low back pain. The study showed the results of all three treatments (VGAIT, real, and sham acupuncture) significantly reduced pain severity as measured by a low back pain bothersomeness score. VGAIT produced similar effects to real acupuncture (p = 0:97) and non-significantly greater pain bothersomeness relief compared to sham acupuncture (p = 0:14). Additional analysis showed that there was no significant difference on the sensations evoked by different treatment modalities. In conclusion these findings support VGAIT as a promising method for pain management.
Authors Jin Cao, Scott P. Orr, Georgia Wilson, and Jian Kong
Journal Hindawi Neural Plasticity
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | The fathers of Destiny: Representations of fatherhood in a popular South African magazine | The fathers of Destiny: Representations of fatherhood in a popular South African magazine
The fathers of Destiny: Representations of fatherhood in a popular South African magazine
Overview: This study utilised textual analysis to characterise the representation of fatherhood in the eight issues of Destiny Man magazine published in 2014 Stories that pertained to fatherhood and that were related to aspects of contemporary family construction, work, and identity formation were included for detailed text analysis.
The authors findings suggest that fatherhood is defined by access to wealth and is inextricably linked to features of modern-day neoliberal capitalism with its bias towards wealth accumulation and economic standards of identity. Additionally, matters such as race and origin seem to be the primary classification criteria when it comes to self-identification as a father figure.
From these data, it was concluded that the notion of fatherhood is fluid; it changes continuously depending on the social class position of the incumbent male.
Authors: Bandile Leopeng & Malose Langa
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | The Effects of a Recollection-Based Occupational Therapy Program of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial | The Effects of a Recollection-Based Occupational Therapy Program of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The Effects of a Recollection-Based Occupational Therapy Program of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Overview:
Considering the high socio-economic costs related to the increasing number of dementia patients and their poor quality of life and that of their families, it is important to identify the condition early on and provide an appropriate intervention. This study organized a recollection-based occupational therapy program: a nonpharmacological intervention consisting of five categories of activities (physical, horticultural, musical, art, and instrumental activity of daily living; IADL) and applied it to those having a mild stage of Alzheimer’s disease. The experimental group participated in a total of 24 sessions––five times per week for one hour per session––while the control group took part in regular activities offered by the existing facilities. The experimental group presented improved cognitive functions, reduced depression, and enhanced quality of life; the two groups showed a statistically significant difference in every category. This study is meaningful in that it made a cognitive stimulation program concerning five different categories, implemented it for people suffering mild dementia, and confirmed positive outcomes. If a systemic version of the program is offered in dementia care facilities, it is expected to make a considerable contribution to the care of dementia patients.
Acknowledgements: Authors: DeokJu Kim
Journal: Occupational Therapy International
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Psychometric properties of the Care Dependency Scale in stroke survivors in Indonesian hospitals | Psychometric properties of the Care Dependency Scale in stroke survivors in Indonesian hospitals
Psychometric properties of the Care Dependency Scale in stroke survivors in Indonesian hospitals
Overview: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the Care Dependency Scale (CDS) among stroke survivors.
The study was undertaken in four hospitals. We analysed datasets obtained from 109 stroke survivors on inpatient wards and in outpatient clinics, who were rated by nurses to determine the CDS reliability coefficients. The Cronbach’s a and Cohen’s kappa coefficients were applied. Concurrent validity was conducted for the data on care dependency, which were collected from 49 of these 109 participants on inpatient wards by nurses using the CDS and the Barthel Index. A Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was conducted to measure the association between the CDS and the Barthel Index results.
In conclusion, an analysis of the results of the CDS tested on the inpatient ward and in the out-patient clinic revealed a high level of internal consistency. A significant, moderate correlation was observed between the CDS and Barthel Index results. The CDS can be recommended for use as a tool for the assessment and evaluation of stroke survivors who are receiving acute or long-term care.
Authors: Nursiswati Nursiswati, Ruud J.G. Halfens, Christa Lohrmann Journal: International Journal of Nursing Sciences
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Development and psychometric evaluation of nurses and midwives’ perceptions of their roles in primary healthcare | Development and psychometric evaluation of nurses and midwives’ perceptions of their roles in primary healthcare
Development and psychometric evaluation of nurses and midwives’ perceptions of their roles in primary healthcare
Overview: This study aimed to develop Nurses and Midwives’ Perceptions of their Roles in Primary Healthcare (NMPR-PHC) and evaluate its psychometric properties.
A cross-sectional survey was performed to recruit a convenient sample of 150 registered nurses and midwives from various primary healthcare settings in Jordan. Reliability was evaluated by examining the internal consistency and split-half reliability of the item. An exploratory factor analysis was performed to assess the factor structure of the NMPR-PHC.
The overall performance of the questionnaire showed promising sound psychometric properties. The NMPR-PHC can be recommended for use as a tool for the assessment of nurses and midwives’ perceptions of their roles in primary healthcare.
Authors: Tariq N. Al-Dwaikat, Wafa'a Ta'an, Mohammad Alrawashdeh, Nesrin Abu Baker, Nahla M. Al Ali
Journal: International Journal of Nursing Sciences
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Fear of COVID-19 scale: Psychometric characteristics, reliability and validity in the Israeli population | Fear of COVID-19 scale: Psychometric characteristics, reliability and validity in the Israeli population
Fear of COVID-19 scale: Psychometric characteristics, reliability and validity in the Israeli population
Overview Mental health clinicians worldwide have been expressing concerns regarding the broad psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, only a few studies have thus far evaluated the degree of fear of COVID-19, partially due to the lack of validated measures. In this study we evaluated the psychometric properties of the Hebrew version of the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), recently developed to assess different aspects of the fear of the pandemic, in a normative population of participants in Israel. When forcing a two-factor structure model, the analysis revealed two factors pertaining to emotional fear reactions and symptomatic expressions of fear. Gender, sociodemographic status, chronic illness, being in an at-risk group, and having a family member dying of COVID-19 were positively associated with fear of COVID-19. The measure was associated with anxiety, stress and depression. These results suggest that the FCV-19S has good psychometric properties and can be utilized in studies assessing the effects of the pandemic on the population's mental health. Authors: Dana Tzur Bitan, Ariella Grossman-Giron, Yuval Bloch, Yael Mayer, Noga Shiffmand, Shlomo Mendlovic
Journal: Psychiatry Research 289 (2020) 113100
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Emotion regulation in adults with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY): Neurocognitive underpinnings and associations with mental health problems | Emotion regulation in adults with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY): Neurocognitive underpinnings and associations with mental health problems
Emotion regulation in adults with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY): Neurocognitive underpinnings and associations with mental health problems
Overview: The aim of this study is to evaluate if language and executive functioning deficits in individuals with the 47,XXY chromosomal pattern contribute to emotion regulation problems and related symptoms of psychopathology. A group of 26 adult men with 47,XXY completed measures of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, neurocognitive functioning, and symptoms of psychopathology. More difficulties in mental flexibility and attention regulation, and speeded responding were associated with more pronounced emotion expression (emotional outbursts). Emotion regulation problems were associated with symptoms of anxiety, depression, thought problems, and hostility. This study has identified emotion regulation as a potential target for treatment and intervention, with a specific focus on executive functions in the management of emotions in individuals with 47,XXY.
Authors: Sophie van Rijn and Hanna Swaab
Journal: Journal of Clinical Psychology.
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Factors Associated with Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children Aged 7 to 9 Years | Factors Associated with Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children Aged 7 to 9 Years
Factors Associated with Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children Aged 7 to 9 Years
Overview
Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is one of the major challenges in pediatric dentistry. The prevalence is estimated to approximately 9%. Using the children’s fear survey schedule dental subscale (CFSS-DS), 6.7% of a Swedish sample were assessed as being fearful DFA is a common reason for avoiding dental treatment, which over time, may result in deteriorated oral health. DFA among children has a complicated and multifactorial etiology. Several interacting factors, personal as well as environmental, contribute to the development of fear and anxiety in a dental care situation.
Psychological factors such as shyness and general fearfulness or immaturity have previously been investigated and found to be important. Cognitive ability as well as transmission of negative attitudes from parents or others are also pathways of DFA acquisition. Several studies have shown an association between parental and child DFA.
Acknowledgements
Authors Andreas Dahlander, Fernanda Soares, Margaret Grindefjord, and Göran Dahllöf
Journal Dentistry Journal Volume 7 Issue 3
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Dental anxiety, oral health-related quality of life, and general well-being: A self-determination theory perspective | Dental anxiety, oral health-related quality of life, and general well-being: A self-determination theory perspective
Dental anxiety, oral health-related quality of life, and general well-being: A self-determination theory perspective
Overview The aim of this study was to test a structural equation model (SEM) with the following hypotheses: (1) patients’ perceptions of oral health care professionals’ (i.e., dentists and dental hygienists) controlling interpersonal styles would positively predict patients’ dental anxiety through their basic psychological need frustration in treatment; (2) in turn, high dental anxiety would positively predict dysregulation of dental anxiety, which through a feedback loop contributes to perception of oral health care professionals’ controlling styles; and, (3) in addition, both dental anxiety and dysregulation of dental anxiety would predict poor Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and subsequently poor general well-being.
A bootstrapping procedure indicated that all indirect links in the model were supported. Analysis indicated that common method variance (CMV) did not seriously distort the results in this setting. Although the majority of oral health care professionals are perceived as being noncontrolling by their patients (51%), the proportion perceived as moderately (38%) or highly (11%) controlling represent a challenge for oral health care education and practice. It would be useful for oral health care professionals to be trained in avoiding a controlling treatment style.
Authors Anne Elisabeth Münster Halvari, Hallgeir Halvari, Edward L. Deci
Journal Journal of Applied Social Psychology Pages 1 - 12
| 3 | | R416.00 | |
| | Quantification of Free-Living Community Mobility in Healthy Older Adults Using Wearable Sensors | Quantification of Free-Living Community Mobility in Healthy Older Adults Using Wearable Sensors
Quantification of Free-Living Community Mobility in Healthy Older Adults Using Wearable Sensors
Overview
Understanding determinants of community mobility disability is critical for developing interventions aimed at preventing or delaying disability in older adults. To understand these determinants, capturing and measuring community mobility has become a key factor. The objectives of this paper are to present and illustrate the signal processing workflow and outcomes that can be extracted from an activity and community mobility measurement approach based on GPS and accelerometer sensor data and 2) to explore the construct validity of the proposed measurement approach using data collected from healthy older adults in free-living conditions.
Wearability and usability of the devices used to capture free-living community mobility impact participant compliance and the quality of the data. The construct validity of the proposed approach appears promising but requires further studies directed at populations with mobility impairments.
Acknowledgement
Author Patrick Boissy, Margaux Blamoutier, Simon Brière and Christian Duval Journal Frontiers in Public Health Volume 6 Article 216
| 3 | | R395.00 | |
| | The EQ-5D-5L is a valid approach to measure health related quality of life in patients undergoing bariatric surgery | The EQ-5D-5L is a valid approach to measure health related quality of life in patients undergoing bariatric surgery
The EQ-5D-5L is a valid approach to measure health related quality of life in patients undergoing bariatric surgery
Overview
Bariatric surgery is considered an effective treatment for individuals with severe and complex obesity. Besides reducing weight and improving obesity related comorbidities such as diabetes, bariatric surgery could improve patients' health-related quality of life. However, the frequently used instrument to measure quality of life, the EQ-5D has not been validated for use in bariatric surgery, which is a major limitation to its use in this clinical context. Our study undertook a psychometric validation of the 5 level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) using clinical trial data to measure health-related quality of life in patients with severe and complex obesity undergoing bariatric surgery.
The most common types of bariatric surgery are laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, adjustable gastric band surgery and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, with each having its respective benefits and risks. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass restricts the volume of food eaten by creating a small thumb-sized pouch from the upper stomach and a bypass of the remaining stomach. Bypass alters physiology and anatomy in such a way as to achieve early and generally rapid weight loss but carries risks of serious early morbidity [4, 5]. Longer-term complications include the need for re-operation because of the development of internal hernias or intestinal obstruction and nutritional deficiencies
Acknowledgement
Authors Jilles M. Fermont1, Jane M. Blazeby, Chris A. Rogers, Sarah Wordsworth, on behalf of the By-Band-Sleeve Study Management Group
Journal PLoS One
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Efficacy of Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for the management of chronic pain in children and adolescents A systematic review and meta-analysis | Efficacy of Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for the management of chronic pain in children and adolescents A systematic review and meta-analysis
Efficacy of Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for the management of chronic pain in children and adolescents A systematic review and meta-analysis
Overview
Paediatric chronic pain is relatively common in the world. Although cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been shown to be efficacious in children and adolescents, it is generally recognized that availability and accessibility of CBT are limited. However, Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy (ICBT) performs better in these areas. This systematic review aims to evaluate the clinical effects of ICBT for chronic pain in youth when compared with the control treatments.
We searched electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials that compared ICBT with the control therapy for paediatric chronic pain. The primary outcomes were 95% confidence intervals and mean difference or standardized mean difference in change of pain intensity and activity limitations. Four trials met the inclusion criteria with a total of 404 participants of whom 208 received ICBT. Compared with pre-treatment, children reported significant, medium to large benefits on pain intensity, activity limitations, and parental protective behaviours after receiving ICBT immediately. ICBT for physical and psychological conditions in youth with chronic pain is a full potential therapy; it can be successful on clinically effects and socioeconomic benefits.
Acknowledgement
Author Wen-Xin Tang, Lu-Feng Zhang, Yan-Qiu Ai and Zhi-Song Li
Journal Medicine (Baltimore).
Publisher Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Early Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Under 3 Years of Age: Recommendations for Practice and Research. | Early Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Under 3 Years of Age: Recommendations for Practice and Research.
Early Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Under 3 Years of Age: Recommendations for Practice and Research.
Overview
This article reviews current evidence for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) interventions for children aged <3 years, based on peer-reviewed articles published up to December 2013. Several groups have adapted treatments initially designed for older, preschool-aged children with ASD, integrating best practice in behavioural teaching methods into a developmental framework based on current scientific understanding of how infants and toddlers learn. The central role of parents has been emphasized and facilitating the generalization of skills beyond the familiar home setting. Our review identified several comprehensive and targeted treatment models with evidence of clear benefits. Although some trials were limited to 8- to 12-week outcome data, enhanced outcomes associated with some interventions were evaluated over periods as long as 2 years. Based on this review, recommendations are proposed for clinical practice and future research.
Acknowledgement:
Authors: Zwaigenbaum L, Bauman ML, Choueiri R, Kasari C, Carter A, Granpeesheh D, Mailloux Z, Smith Roley S, Wagner S, Fein D, Pierce K, Buie T, Davis PA, Newschaffer C, Robins D, Wetherby A, Stone WL, Yirmiya N, Estes A, Hansen RL, McPartland JC, Natowicz MR
Journal: Pediatrics. Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Oral health condition and occurrence of depression in the elderly | Oral health condition and occurrence of depression in the elderly
Oral health condition and occurrence of depression in the elderly
Overview
Depression is a common disorder among the elderly; however, it is not a standard element of the ageing process. Depression can affect oral health as a result of neglecting oral hygiene procedures, cariogenic nutrition, avoidance of necessary dental care which leads to an increased risk of dental caries and periodontal disease. Assessment of the relationship of oral health parameters with depression followed: 500 subjects aged =65 were involved in the study.
Dental condition (decay-missing-filled index [DMFT], number of missing teeth [MT], removable denture wearing, teeth mobility), periodontal condition (bleeding on probing [BoP], pocket depth [PD], loss of attachment), oral dryness (the Challacombe Scale) and depression according to the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale were assessed.
Depression on a minimal level was detected in 60.2% of the subjects, mild—in 22.2%, moderate—in 6.0% and moderately—in 2.6%. The results of our study have shown that among people aged 65 and over, the severity of depression increases with a higher number of MT, the number of decayed teeth, as well as prevalence of oral dryness.
Acknowledgement
Authors Katarzyna Skoskiewicz-Malinowska, Barbara Malicka, Marek Zieztek and Urszula Kaczmarek,
Journal Medicine (Baltimore)
Publisher Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
| 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial | Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial
Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial
Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Brain Metabolism and Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: Results of the Randomised Controlled SMART Trial
Overview
There is mounting evidence that aerobic exercise has a positive effect on cognitive functions in older adults. The present study used magnetic resonance spectroscopy and quantitative MRI to systematically explore the effects of physical activity on human brain metabolism and grey matter (GM) volume in healthy aging. The main outcomes were the change in cerebral metabolism and its association to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels as well as changes in GM volume. We found that cerebral choline concentrations remained stable after 12 weeks of aerobic exercise in the intervention group, whereas they increased in the waiting control group.
No effect of training was seen on cerebral N-acetylaspartate concentrations, nor on markers of neuronal energy reserve or BDNF levels. Further, we observed no change in cortical GM volume in response to aerobic exercise. The finding of stable choline concentrations in the intervention group over the 3 month period might indicate a neuro-protective effect of aerobic exercise. Choline might constitute a valid marker for an effect of aerobic exercise on cerebral metabolism in healthy aging.
Acknowledgement
S Matura, J Fleckenstein, R Deichmann, T Engeroff, E Füzéki, E Hattingen, R Hellweg, B Lienerth, U Pilatus, S Schwarz, VA Tesky, L Vogt, W Banzer and J Pantel.
Journal Nature Translational Psychiatry (2017) 7, e1172
Publisher Unknown Creative Commons, Open Access doi:10.1038/tp.2017.135
URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5538117/pdf/tp2017135a.pdf
| 3 | | R445.00 | |
| | Opioid utilization among pediatric patients treated for newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia | Opioid utilization among pediatric patients treated for newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia
Opioid utilization among pediatric patients treated for newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia
Opioid utilization among pediatric patients treated for newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia
Overview
A cohort of pediatric patients with AML treated at hospitals contributing to the Pediatric Health Information System was used to evaluate differences in opioid utilization by sex, age, race, and insurance. Billing data were used to compute the prevalence of opioid exposure and to quantify rates of utilization among those exposed to opioids as days of use per 1000 inpatient days. Multivariable regressions were used to compare opioid prevalence, and rates of utilization among those exposed. The proportion of opioid-exposed patients increased with age, but did not differ by gender, race, or insurance status. There was moderate hospital-level variability in both the prevalence of opioid utilization overall and preference for specific opioid medications. There was greater inconsistency in practice concerning choices for supplemental and alternative opioids than in first-line opioid utilization. Additional work is needed to discern whether observed differences in opioid utilization by age and race reflect a difference in treatment or a difference in the experience of pain. Future studies should also explore the factors which guide decisions on opioid selections in an attempt to explain the variability across institutions.
Acknowledgement
Authors
Kelly D. Getz , Tamara P. Miller, Alix E. Seif , Yimei Li , Yuan-Shung V. Huang, Brian T. Fisher and Richard Aplenc.
Journal PLoS Medicine 2018 Feb Volume 13 Issue 2
Publisher Cross Mark Open Access URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5805309/pdf/pone.0192529.pdf
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Gabapentin, opioids, and the risk of opioid related death: A population-based nested case control study: | Gabapentin, opioids, and the risk of opioid related death: A population-based nested case control study:
Gabapentin, opioids, and the risk of opioid related death: A population-based nested case control study:
Gabapentin, opioids, and the risk of opioid related death: A population-based nested case control study:
Overview
Prescription opioid use is highly associated with risk of opioid-related death, with 1 of every 550 chronic opioid users dying within approximately 2.5 years of their first opioid prescription. Although gabapentin is widely perceived as safe, drug-induced respiratory depression has been described when gabapentin is used alone or in combination with other medications.
However, no published studies have examined whether concomitant gabapentin therapy is associated with an increased risk of accidental opioid related death in patients receiving opioids. The objective of this study was to investigate whether co-prescription of opioids and gabapentin is associated with an increased risk of accidental opioid-related mortality. We conducted a population-based nested case-control study among opioid users who were residents of Ontario, Canada.
In this study we found that among patients receiving prescription opioids, concomitant treatment with gabapentin was associated with a substantial increase in the risk of opioid-related death. Clinicians should consider carefully whether to continue prescribing this combination of products and, when the combination is deemed necessary, should closely monitor their patients and adjust opioid dose accordingly. Future research should investigate whether a similar interaction exists between pregabalin and opioids.
Acknowledgement
Author Tara Gomes, David N. Juurlink, Tony Antoniou, Muhammad M. Mamdani, J. Michael Paterson and Wim van den Brink.
Journal PLoS Medicine Volume 14 Issue 10
Publisher Cross Mark URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5626029/pdf/pmed.1002396.pdf
| 3 | | R470.00 | |
| | Mitochondrial DNA depletion by ethidium bromide decreases neuronal mitochondrial creatine kinase. | Mitochondrial DNA depletion by ethidium bromide decreases neuronal mitochondrial creatine kinase.
Mitochondrial DNA depletion by ethidium bromide decreases neuronal mitochondrial creatine kinase.
Mitochondrial DNA depletion by ethidium bromide decreases neuronal mitochondrial creatine kinase.
Overview
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), the discrete genome which encodes subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, is present at highly variable copy numbers across cell types. Though severe mtDNA depletion dramatically reduces mitochondrial function, the impact of tissue-specific mtDNA reduction remains debated. Previously, our lab identified reduced mtDNA quantity in the putamen of Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients who had developed L-DOPA Induced Dyskinesia (LID), compared to PD patients who had not developed LID and healthy subjects.
Here, we present the consequences of mtDNA depletion by ethidium bromide (EtBr) treatment on the bioenergetic function of primary cultured neurons, astrocytes and neuron-enriched cocultures from rat striatum. EtBr also increases glycolytic activity in astrocytes, whereas in neurons it reduces the expression of mitochondrial creatine kinase mRNA and levels of phosphor-creatine. Further, we show that mitochondrial creatine kinase mRNA is similarly downregulated in dyskinetic PD patients, compared to both non-dyskinetic PD patients and healthy subjects.
Our data support a hypothesis that reduced striatal mtDNA contributes to energetic dysregulation in the dyskinetic striatum by destabilizing the energy buffering system of the phospho-creatine/creatine shuttle.
Acknowledgement
Author Emily Booth Warren, Aidan Edward Aicher, Joshua Patrick Fessel and Christine Konradi
Journal PLoS ONE
Publisher Cross Mark
| 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease. | Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease.
Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease.
Transition Needs of Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease.
Overview
This article describes how adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) perceive their ability to perform everyday tasks required for transition to adult health care and independent living. SCD negatively affects transition from pediatric to adult health care and independent living (Anie & Telfair, 2005).
The Adolescent Autonomy Checklist (AAC) was adapted to include skills associated with managing SCD (AAC-SCD) and was administered to adolescents during clinic visits. Participants indicated "can do already" or "needs practice" for 100 activities in 12 categories. Of 122 patients, the percentage of adolescents who needed practice was greatest in living arrangements (38.7%), money management (35.8%), vocational skills (29.6%), and health care skills (25.5%).
We found a significant effect of age and of cerebrovascular injury on the percentage of those who reported "needs practice" in multiple categories. We found no effect of gender and limited effect of haemoglobin phenotype on any skill category. Findings support the need for educational intervention to improve transition skills in adolescents with SCD.
Acknowledgement:
Author: Abel RA, Cho E, Chadwick-Mansker KR, D'Souza N, Housten AJ, King AA Journal:
The American Journal of Occupational Therapy Volume 69 Issue 2
Publisher: AOTA Press
| 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Is the Serum Oxytocin Level Altered by Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Complicated with Depression | Is the Serum Oxytocin Level Altered by Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Complicated with Depression
Is the Serum Oxytocin Level Altered by Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Complicated with Depression
Is the Serum Oxytocin Level Altered By Treatment In Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Complicated With Depression?
Overview
The objective of this study was to investigate the factors associated with depression, including serum oxytocin levels, disease activity, activities of daily living, and quality of life, and their effects on rheumatoid arthritis.
This study included 42 RA patients who received treatment with a biological agent. We measured the following variables before and after 6 months of treatment: baseline characteristics, including age, sex, disease duration, smoking, and body mass index; prednisolone and methotrexate dose; serum level of matrix metalloproteinase -3; erythrocyte sedimentation rate; and C-reactive protein level.
The HAM-D score significantly correlated with the SDAI, and the mental component summary score of SF-36. However, the serum OXT levels did not correlate with the HAM-D score. Regression analysis using the HAM-D score as the objective variable identified female sex, smoking, BMI, and all the three component scores of SF-36, but not serum OXT levels, as significant factors. The variables of female sex, smoking, BMI, and QOL correlated with depression complicated with RA. However, serum OXT levels did not correlate directly.
Acknowledgement Author Yusuke Miwa , Hidekazu Furuya, Ryo Yanai, Tsuyoshi Kasama, and Kenji Sanada
Journal European Journal of Rheumatology ( EJR) 2018; 5: 22-6
Publisher Medical Research and Education Association
| 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | Systemic low-grade inflammation in post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review Journal of Inflammation Research | Systemic low-grade inflammation in post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review Journal of Inflammation Research
Systemic low-grade inflammation in post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review Journal of Inflammation Research
Systemic low-grade inflammation in post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review
Overview
Studies examining post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have either emphasized a relationship between PTSD and a systemically pro-inflammatory state or identified a link between PTSD and chronic disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the evidence for a relationship between individuals with PTSD and systemic low-grade inflammation that has been proposed to underlie chronic disease development in this population.
Nine studies measuring systemic inflammation and discussing its role in chronic disease development were selected for inclusion in this review. The association between markers of systemic inflammation and PTSD was evaluated by the measurement of a variety of systemic inflammatory markers including acute-phase proteins, complement proteins, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, natural killer cells, and white blood cells. In general, systemic inflammatory biomarkers were elevated across the studies in the PTSD groups.
There is evidence that PTSD is underpinned by the presence of a systemic low-grade inflammatory state. This inflammation may be the mechanism associated with increased risk for chronic disease in the PTSD population. From this, future research should focus on interventions that help to reduce inflammation, such as exercise. Acknowledgement
Author
Kathryn Speer, Dominic Upton, Stuart Semple and Andrew McKune
Journal
Journal of Inflammation Research 2018
Publisher
Dove Press
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | How Does Physical Activity Intervention Improve Self-Esteem and Self-Concept in Children and Adolescents? Evidence from a Meta-Analysis. | How Does Physical Activity Intervention Improve Self-Esteem and Self-Concept in Children and Adolescents? Evidence from a Meta-Analysis.
How Does Physical Activity Intervention Improve Self-Esteem and Self-Concept in Children and Adolescents? Evidence from a Meta-Analysis.
Overview The objective of this course is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis for the effects of physical activity intervention on self-esteem and self-concept in children and adolescents, and to identify moderator variables by meta-regression. Relevant studies were identified through a comprehensive search of electronic databases. Study inclusion criteria were: (1) intervention should be supervised physical activity, (2) reported sufficient data to estimate pooled effect sizes of physical activity intervention on self-esteem or self-concept, (3) participants' ages ranged from 3 to 20 years, and (4) a control or comparison group was included. There was no significant effect of intervention of physical activity alone on any outcomes in non-RCTs, as well as in studies with intervention of physical activity combined with other strategies. It was concluded that intervention of physical activity alone is associated with increased self-concept and self-worth in children and adolescents. And there is a stronger association with school-based and gymnasium-based intervention compared with other settings. Acknowledgement Author: Liu M, Wu L, Ming Q Journal: PLoS One.
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Medical Tourism. | Medical Tourism.
Overview
BACKGROUND: Medical tourism is a burgeoning industry in our region. It involves patients travelling outside of their home country for medical treatment. OBJECTIVE:
This article provides an outline of the current research around medical tourism, especially its impact on Australians. DISCUSSION:
Patients are increasingly seeking a variety of medical treatments abroad, particularly those involving cosmetic surgery and dental treatment, often in countries in South-East Asia. Adverse events may occur during medical treatment abroad, which raises medico-legal and insurance issues, as well as concerns regarding follow-up of patients. General practitioners need to be prepared to offer advice, including travel health advice, to patients seeking medical treatment abroad Acknowledgement
Author: Leggat P
Journal: Australian family physician.
Publisher: Focus Environmental
| 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | Suicide in Pretoria: A retrospective review, 2007 - 2010. | Suicide in Pretoria: A retrospective review, 2007 - 2010.
Suicide in Pretoria: A retrospective review, 2007 - 2010.
Overview
Background: The World Health Organization has declared suicide a global ealth crisis, predicting that ~1.53 million people will commit suicide annually by 2020. Obejective:
A study from South Africa reviewed 1 018 suicide cases in Pretoria over 4 years (1997 - 2000). Our study was undertaken to establish whether there have been substantial changes in the profile of suicide victims who died in Pretoria a decade later. Methods:
Case records at the Pretoria Medico-Legal Laboratory were reviewed retrospectively from 2007 to 2010. Results:
A total of 957 suicide cases were identified. Hanging was the most common method of suicide, followed by self-inflicted firearm injury. The true incidence of suicidal intake of prescription drugs/medication was difficult to determine, because of a backlog at the state toxicology laboratories. White males and females appeared to be over-represented among suicide victims, but there has been an increase in suicide among blacks. There seems to have been a substantial decrease in the use of firearms to commit suicide - possibly reflecting a positive outcome of gun control legislation that has been introduced in the interim. Conclusion: Suicide continues to constitute almost 10% of all fatalities admitted to the Pretoria Medico-Legal Laboratory, confirming suicide as a major cause of mortality in our society. Further research is needed to clarify the profile of suicidal deaths, with a view to informing resource allocation and to improve preventive strategies Acknowledgement
Author: Engelbrecht C, Blumenthal R, Morris NK, Saayman G
Journal: South African medical journal.
Publisher: SAMJ Research
http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/12015/8182
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Standards of Psychosocial Care for Parents of Children With Cancer. | Standards of Psychosocial Care for Parents of Children With Cancer.
Standards of Psychosocial Care for Parents of Children With Cancer.
Overview
Parents and caregivers of children with cancer are both resilient and deeply affected by the child's cancer. A systematic review of published research since 1995 identified 138 studies of moderate quality indicating that parent distress increases around diagnosis, then returns to normal levels. Post-traumatic symptoms are common. Distress may be impairing for vulnerable parents and may impact a child's coping and adjustment. Moderate quality evidence and expert consensus informed a strong recommendation for parents and caregivers to receive early and ongoing assessment of their mental health needs with access to appropriate interventions facilitated to optimize parent, child, and family well being Acknowledgement
Author: Kearney JA, Salley CG, Muriel AC
Journal: Pediatric blood and cancer.
Publisher: Department of Health and Human Services.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5066591/pdf/nihms797572.pdf
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | There are things that we know that we know, and there are things that we do not know we do not know: Confidence in decision-making. | There are things that we know that we know, and there are things that we do not know we do not know: Confidence in decision-making.
There are things that we know that we know, and there are things that we do not know we do not know: Confidence in decision-making.
Overview
Metacognition, the ability to think about our own thoughts, is a fundamental component of our mental life and is involved in memory, learning, planning and decision-making. Here we focus on one aspect of metacognition, namely confidence in perceptual decisions. We review the literature in psychophysics, neuropsychology and neuroscience. Although still a very new field, several recent studies suggest there are specific brain circuits devoted to monitoring and reporting confidence, whereas others suggest that confidence information is encoded within decision-making circuits. We provide suggestions, based on interdisciplinary research, to disentangle these disparate results. Acknowledgement
Author: Grimaldi P, Lau H, Basso MA
Journal: Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews.
Publisher: Department of Health and Human Services.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4501881/pdf/nihms-692179.pdf
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Procedural Metacognition and False Belief Understanding in 3- to 5-Year-Old Children. | Procedural Metacognition and False Belief Understanding in 3- to 5-Year-Old Children.
Procedural Metacognition and False Belief Understanding in 3- to 5-Year-Old Children.
Overview
Some studies, so far limited in number, suggest the existence of procedural metacognition in young children, that is, the practical capacity to monitor and control one's own cognitive activity in a given task. The link between procedural metacognition and false belief understanding is currently under theoretical discussion. If data with primates seem to indicate that procedural metacognition and false belief understanding are not related, no study in developmental psychology has investigated this relation in young children. The present paper aims, first, to supplement the findings concerning young children's abilities to monitor and control their uncertainty (procedural metacognition) and, second, to explore the relation between procedural metacognition and false belief understanding. To examine this, 82 3- to 5-year-old children were presented with an opt-out task and with 3 false belief tasks. Results show that children can rely on procedural metacognition to evaluate their perceptual access to information, and that success in false belief tasks does not seem related to success in the task we used to evaluate procedural metacognition. These results are coherent with a procedural view of metacognition, and are discussed in the light of recent data from primatology and developmental psychology. Acknowledgement
Author: Bernard S, Proust J, Clément F
Journal: PLoS One.
Publisher: PLoS One.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4627761/pdf/pone.0141321.pdf
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Denial of abortion in legal settings. | Denial of abortion in legal settings.
Denial of abortion in legal settings.
Overview
Background: Factors such as poverty, stigma, lack of knowledge about the legal status of abortion, and geographical distance from a provider may prevent women from accessing safe abortion services, even where abortion is legal. Data on the consequences of abortion denial outside of the US, however, are scarce. Methods: In this article we present data from studies among women seeking legal abortion services in four countries (Colombia, Nepal, South Africa and Tunisia) to assess sociodemographic characteristics of legal abortion seekers, as well as the frequency and reasons that women are denied abortion care. Results: The proportion of women denied abortion services and the reasons for which they were denied varied widely by country. In Colombia, 2% of women surveyed did not receive the abortions they were seeking; in South Africa, 45% of women did not receive abortions on the day they were seeking abortion services. In both Tunisia and Nepal, 26% of women were denied their wanted abortions. Conclusions: The denial of legal abortion services may have serious consequences for women's health and wellbeing. Additional evidence on the risk factors for presenting later in pregnancy, predictors of seeking unsafe illegal abortion, and the health consequences of illegal abortion and childbirth after an unwanted pregnancy is needed. Such data would assist the development of programmes and policies aimed at increasing access to and utilisation of safe abortion services where abortion is legal, and harm reduction models for women who are unable to access legal abortion services.
Acknowledgement Author:
Gerdts C, DePiñeres T, Hajri S, Harries J, Hossain A, Puri M, Vohra D, Foster DG Journal:
The journal of family planning and reproductive health care. Publisher:
BMJ Publishing Group Limited
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Disability pension due to common mental disorders and subsequent suicidal behaviour: a population-based prospective cohort study. | Disability pension due to common mental disorders and subsequent suicidal behaviour: a population-based prospective cohort study.
Disability pension due to common mental disorders and subsequent suicidal behaviour: a population-based prospective cohort study.
Overview
Disability Pension (DP) is a significant public health concern in many European countries. To this effect, adverse health outcomes, including suicide, in individuals on disability pension (DP) due to mental diagnoses have been reported. Surprisingly, scientific knowledge on possible risk factors for suicidal behaviour in this group, such as age, gender, underlying DP diagnoses, comorbidity and DP duration and grade, is sparse.
The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the associations of different measures of DP due to common mental disorders (CMD) with subsequent suicidal behaviour, considering gender and age differences. This study was nonetheless a population-based prospective cohort one based on Swedish nationwide registers. During this study, a cohort of 46 515 individuals aged 19–64 years on DP due to CMD throughout 2005 was followed-up for 5 years.
Results from this study however indicated that multivariate analyses showed that a main DP diagnosis of ‘stress related mental disorders’ was associated with a lower risk of subsequent suicidal behavior than depressive disorders.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Syed Ghulam Rahman, Kristina Alexanderson, Jussi Jokinen, Ellenor Mittendorfer Rutz JOURNAL: BMJ Open PUBLISHER: BMJ URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Evaluating intervention using time aids in children with disabilities. | Evaluating intervention using time aids in children with disabilities.
Evaluating intervention using time aids in children with disabilities.
OVERVIEW Nowadays, children with difficulties in managing time in everyday life are at risk of delayed development of time-processing skills compared with their same-aged peers. Thus, Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been reported to exhibit problems in time perception/time sense as compared with typically developing children.
The objective of this study was to evaluate complex intervention using time aids for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities who exhibit limitations in daily time management. The participants of this study were children aged between 6-11 who were suffering from conditions such as ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, mild or moderate intellectual disability, spina bifida, and cerebral palsy. This study equally used a Randomized Block and Waiting List control group design, with 25 children allocated to control and 22 to intervention group.
Results from this study indicated that Children in both groups gained significantly in time-processing ability between the first and second data collection, meanwhile the children in the intervention group improved time-processing ability significantly more than controls.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Gunnel Janeslätt, Anders Kottorp & Mats Granlund JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis online URL: http://www.tandfonline.com
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Exploring the views of GPs, people with dementia and their carers on assistive technology. | Exploring the views of GPs, people with dementia and their carers on assistive technology.
Exploring the views of GPs, people with dementia and their carers on assistive technology.
OVERVIEW
The purpose of this study is to explore the views and experiences of people with dementia, their family carers and general practitioners (GPs) on their knowledge and experience of accessing information about, and use of, assistive technology (AT) in dementia care. 56 participants comprising 17 GPs, 13 people with dementia and 26 family carers.
The results of this study were that 4 main themes emerged: awareness and experience of AT accessing information on AT; roles and responsibilities in the current care system and the future commissioning of AT services. All participants had practical experience of witnessing AT being used in practice. For people with dementia and their families, knowledge was usually gained from personal experience rather than from health and social care professionals. For GPs, knowledge was largely gained through experiential, patient-led learning. All groups acknowledged the important role of the voluntary sector but agreed a need for clear information pathways for AT; such pathways were perceived to be essential to both service providers and service commissioners.
In conclusion, it was found that people with dementia and their family carers appear to be mainly responsible for driving a gradual increase in both awareness and the use of AT in dementia care. GPs should be equipped with the relevant knowledge to ensure families living with dementia receive appropriate information and support to enable them to live independently for as long as possible. There is an urgent need to simplify current complex community care pathways; as demonstrated in other chronic health conditions, a single point of access and a named lead professional may improve future care.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
AUTHORS: Lisa Newton,1 Claire Dickinson,1 Grant Gibson,2 Katie Brittain,1 Louise Robinson1 JOURNAL: BMJ Open Journal PUBLISHER: Elsevier URL: https://www.journals.bmj.com
| 3 | | R345.00 | |
| | How adolescents experience and cope with pain in daily life: a qualitative study on ways to cope and the use of over-the-counter analgesics. | How adolescents experience and cope with pain in daily life: a qualitative study on ways to cope and the use of over-the-counter analgesics.
How adolescents experience and cope with pain in daily life: a qualitative study on ways to cope and the use of over-the-counter analgesics.
OVERVIEW
Pain is a common experience in the daily lives of adolescents. However, headache, abdominal and musculoskeletal types of pain are the most common type of pain experienced by adolescents.
The objective of this research was to describe how different adolescents experience and manage pain in their daily life. Focus was however made their use of over-the counter analgesics. The design for this stud was qualitative semi structured interviews in which adolescents shared their experiences with pain, pain management and involvement of family and friends during pain. The participants of this study were 25 young people (both males and females) aged 15 to 16 from different junior high schools. These students were interviewed irrespective of their immigration background in their respective schools in Norway. The study was concluded that different involvement with the family during pain related to their pain perception and management by the adolescents.
At the end of the study it was recommended that Knowledge of the different ways of approaching pain is important when supporting adolescents and may be a subject for further research on the use of over-the-counter analgesics in the family.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Per Lagerløv, Elin Olaug Rosvold, Tanja Holager, Sølvi Helseth JOURNAL: Stroke and Vascular Neurology PUBLISHER: BMJ Open Group URL: http://www.group.bmj.com
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Improving the Management of Behaviour Associated with Dementia in Care Homes. | Improving the Management of Behaviour Associated with Dementia in Care Homes.
Improving the Management of Behaviour Associated with Dementia in Care Homes.
OVERVIEW
The inappropriate use of antipsychotics in people with dementia for behaviour that challenges is associated with an estimated 1800 deaths annually. However, solely focusing on antipsychotics may transfer prescribing to other equally dangerous psychotropics. Little is known about the role of pharmacists in the management of psychotropics used to treat behaviours that challenge.
This research aims to determine whether it is feasible to implement and measure the effectiveness of a combined pharmacy–health psychology intervention incorporating a medication review and staff training package to limit the prescription of psychotropics to manage behaviour that challenges in care home residents with dementia. 6 care homes within the West Midlands will be recruited. People with dementia receiving medication for behaviour that challenges, or their personal consultee, will be approached regarding participation. Medication used to treat behaviour that challenges will be reviewed by the pharmacist, in collaboration with the general practitioner (GP), person with dementia and carer.
The project has received a favourable opinion from the East Midlands REC (15/EM/3014). If potential participants lack capacity, a personal consultee will be consulted regarding participation in line with the Mental Capacity Act. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Ian D Maidment et al. JOURNAL: Mental Health PUBLISHERS: BMJ Open URL: http://bmjopen.bmj.com/
| 3 | | R335.00 | |
| | Influence of work-related psychosocial factors on the prevalence of chronic pain and quality of life in patients with chronic pain. | Influence of work-related psychosocial factors on the prevalence of chronic pain and quality of life in patients with chronic pain.
Influence of work-related psychosocial factors on the prevalence of chronic pain and quality of life in patients with chronic pain.
OVERVIEW
Chronic pain among workers is not only an economic burden but also a major public health concern. Working is also a cause of chronic pain although most people need to continue working despite the pain to make a living except they get a sick leave or retirement.
The hypothesis of this study was that the therapeutic effect of vocational rehabilitation may depend on psychosocial factors related to the workplace. Thus, the aim of the study was to test this hypothesis as well as examine the association of work-related psychosocial factors with the prevalence of chronic pain or health related quality of life (HRQoL) among workers with chronic pain. During this study, 1764 workers aged 20–59 years were examined in the pain-associated cross-sectional epidemiological survey in Japan.
The outcomes of this study were chronic pain prevalence among all workers and low Euro QoL prevalence among workers with chronic pain according to the degree of workplace social support and job satisfaction. One of the significant results of this study was that chronic pain prevalence was higher among males reporting job dissatisfaction compared with those reporting job satisfaction.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Keiko Yamada, Ko Matsudaira, Hironori Imano, Akihiko Kitamura, Hiroyasu Iso JOURNAL: Esmo Open: Cancer Horizons PUBLISHER: BMJ Group URL: https://www.bmjopen.bmj.com
| 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | Leisure-Activity Participation to Prevent Later Life Cognitive Decline. | Leisure-Activity Participation to Prevent Later Life Cognitive Decline.
Leisure-Activity Participation to Prevent Later Life Cognitive Decline.
OVERVIEW
Leisure activity has a role to play in preventing later cognitive life decline. As a matter of fact, the prevention of cognitive decline within the spectrum of normal ageing to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitive impairment with dementia among the elderly has become largely acknowledged as a major public health issue worldwide. This study was therefore carried out following PRISMA guidelines in order to achieve a systematic review. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine many peer review empirical research publications that focused on leisure activity, cognitive decline as well as its prevention. In terms of the research method, 52 articles published between the years 2000 and 2011were searched from reputable databases. Some of the articles were obtained from PubMed/Medline reSEARCH, CINHAL, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, PsychoINFO, ERIC Proquest, the Cochrane library, as well as PsycARTICLES databasis. Results from the study nevertheless supports the conception that participating in leisure activities could significantly prevent dementia. The results were however interpreted using the Human Occupation Model that focuses on key factors which have been identified to have a link between participation in leisure activities and the prevention of dementia.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Mandana Fallahpour, Lena Borell Mark Luborsky, and Louise Nygard JOURNAL: Scandanavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor & Francis Group URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2015.1102320
| 3 | | R395.00 | |
| | Occupational Therapy and Sexual and Reproductive Health Promotion in Adolescence: A Case Study. | Occupational Therapy and Sexual and Reproductive Health Promotion in Adolescence: A Case Study.
Occupational Therapy and Sexual and Reproductive Health Promotion in Adolescence: A Case Study.
OVERVIEW
In recent years in Brazil, occupational therapy has increasingly approached the field of health promotion. Thus, the occupational therapists are confronted with different demands especially concerning the adolescent public.
The purpose of this study was therefore to describe an occupational therapy intervention aimed at sexual and reproductive health promotion in adolescents. Fifty-eight adolescents nonetheless participated in this study before, during and after the interventions. It is worth mentioning that during the study, educational activities such as puzzles, storytelling, mime and board game which had been constructed by occupational therapy faculty and students were used. The games were employed as mediators for gaining knowledge in sexual and reproductive health. Data for this study was collected through questionnaire, audio recordings and field diaries meanwhile it was analysed by descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis.
The results nevertheless showed the adolescents’ increased knowledge of sexual and reproductive health information immediately after the intervention.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR: Gontijo DT, de Sena e Vasconcelos AC, Monteiro RJ, Facundes VL, Trajano Mde, de Lima LS JOURNAL: Occupational Therapy International PUBLISHER: Wiley Online URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com
| 3 | | R375.00 | |
| | Pornography Addiction in the Context of the Concepts of Supranormal Stimuli and Neuroplasticity. | Pornography Addiction in the Context of the Concepts of Supranormal Stimuli and Neuroplasticity.
Pornography Addiction in the Context of the Concepts of Supranormal Stimuli and Neuroplasticity.
Edited By: David Wilson.
Addiction has been a divisive term when applied to various compulsive sexual behaviours (CSBs), including obsessive use of pornography. Despite a growing acceptance of the existence of natural or process addictions based on an increased understanding of the function of the mesolimbic dopaminergic reward systems, there has been a reticence to label CSBs as potentially addictive. While pathological gambling (PG) and obesity have received greater attention in functional and behavioural studies, evidence increasingly supports the description of CSBs as an addiction.
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Relational Psychotherapy: Conceptual and Clinical Applications of Interpersonal Non-Verbal Resonance. | Relational Psychotherapy: Conceptual and Clinical Applications of Interpersonal Non-Verbal Resonance.
Relational Psychotherapy: Conceptual and Clinical Applications of Interpersonal Non-Verbal Resonance.
Edited By: David Wilson.
The article by Ben-Shahar (2012) explores ancient and modern explanations and clinical material, reflecting on the nature and therapeutic potentials related to non-verbal communication or relational resonance.
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Renal Failure and Acute Coronary Syndrome Due to Use of Cannabis in a 26 year old young male. | Renal Failure and Acute Coronary Syndrome Due to Use of Cannabis in a 26 year old young male.
Renal Failure and Acute Coronary Syndrome Due to Use of Cannabis in a 26 year old young male.
OVERVIEW
Cannabis, which is produced from leaves of plants called Cannabis sativa is mostly used by youths in most parts of the world, Europe inclusive. However, there are believes that cannabis is a relatively benign substance, just like alcohol and tobacco as compared to the adverse effects that heroin, ecstasy, and cocaine are associated with.
Although it is pleasure inducing, C. sativa has also some side effects in various organ systems, particularly the cardiovascular system. Sometimes, it may even threaten life. This paper is basically a case report of a 26-year-oldmale patient presenting to emergency department with acute coronary syndrome and acute renal failure. It is worth mentioning that this patient had used various forms of cannabis for a long time and had a number cardiovascular risk factors. In this article, the mechanism of action of cannabis was also discussed and analysed.
The study was concluded that coronary heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, and acute renal failure as a complication of cannabis use are likely to increase in the future.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Turgut Karabag, Burcu Ozturk, Seda Guven, Nurettin Coskun, Erkan Ilhan, Nihan Turhan Caglar JOURNAL: International Journal of the Cardiovascular Academy PUBLISHER: Elsevier Inc URL: https://www.elsevier.com
| 3 | | R350.00 | |
| | Rewarding yet demanding: client perspectives on enabling occupations during early stages of recovery from Schizophrenia. | Rewarding yet demanding: client perspectives on enabling occupations during early stages of recovery from Schizophrenia.
Rewarding yet demanding: client perspectives on enabling occupations during early stages of recovery from Schizophrenia.
OVERVIEW
Schizophrenia is known to be a severe mental illness that is characterized by psychotic symptoms, negative symptoms such as apathy and anhedonia, as well as impaired cognitive functioning. Schizophrenia can also result to significant risk of impaired functioning in areas such as self-care, independent living skills, social relationships, work, and going to school.
The aim of this study was therefore to seek a better understanding of how people with schizophrenia experience an occupational therapy intervention designed to enable them to carry out meaningful occupations in the early phases of recovery. The methodology of this research was a qualitative design that comprised of an eight-week client-centred occupational therapy intervention with semi-structured interviews of five of the six clients out of 10 who completed the intervention. It is imperative to acknowledge that Braun and Clark’s thematic analysis was applied to the transcripts.
Results from this study indicated that participants valued engaging in real-life occupations while anchoring new strategies.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: S.T.B. Bjørkedal, A.M.B. Torsting and T. Møller JOURNAL: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis URL: http://www.tandfonline.com
| 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | Sexual Addiction: A Psychological Controversy in the Content of Current Neurobiology and Social Technological Factors. | Sexual Addiction: A Psychological Controversy in the Content of Current Neurobiology and Social Technological Factors.
Sexual Addiction: A Psychological Controversy in the Content of Current Neurobiology and Social Technological Factors.
OVERVIEW
Sexual motivation is a fundamental behaviour in human. For a long time, this behaviour has been somehow ignored from psychological and neuroscientific research. In this article – reflecting the collaboration of a clinical psychologist and a neuroscientist – we show that in the current period, sexual affiliation is one of the most promising affiliation context to articulate a debate, a dialog and convergence points between psychoanalysis and neuroscience. Recent data on healthy sexual behaviour and its compulsive variant are discussed under the prism of neuroscience and psychoanalysis.
An introduction to the integration of modern psychoanalytic findings regarding the existence of the notion of sexual addiction with details of typical core personality traits and defenses and attempts to correlate psychic phenomena with numerous neurobiological explorations. The editor stresses the questions arising from our unique social context in which digital pornographic exposure has become pervasive.
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Synergies, tensions and challenges in HIV Prevention, treatment and cure research. | Synergies, tensions and challenges in HIV Prevention, treatment and cure research.
Synergies, tensions and challenges in HIV Prevention, treatment and cure research.
OVERVIEW The ethical concerns associated with HIV prevention and treatment research have been widely explored in South Africa over the past 3 decades. Because HIV cure research is relatively new to the region, significant ethical and social challenges are anticipated.
In-depth interviews were conducted on a purposive sample of fourteen key informants in South Africa. Audiotaped interviews were transcribed verbatim with concurrent thematic analysis. The perspectives of HIV clinicians, researchers and activists were captured.
Participants described a symbiotic relationship between cure, treatment and prevention research necessitating collaboration. Assessing and managing knowledge and expectations around HIV cure research emerged as a central theme related to challenges to constructing ‘cure’ - how patients understand the idea of cure is important in explaining the complexity of cure research especially in the South African context where understanding of science is often challenging.
It was encouraging to note the desire for synergy amongst researchers and clinicians working in the fields of prevention, treatment and cure. Translation of complex HIV cure science into lay language is critical. It is hoped that knowledge and resource sharing in the context of collaboration between research scientists working in cure and those working in treatment and prevention will accelerate progress towards cure.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AUTHORS: Keymanthri Moodley, Theresa Rossouw, Ciara Staunton and Christopher J. Colvin
JOURNAL: BMC Medical Ethics PUBLISHER: Biomed Central https://www.biomedcentral.com/
| 3 | | R89.00 | |
| | The Development of the Concept of Psychic Skin and Envelopes in Psychoanalytic Theories of Infancy. | The Development of the Concept of Psychic Skin and Envelopes in Psychoanalytic Theories of Infancy.
The Development of the Concept of Psychic Skin and Envelopes in Psychoanalytic Theories of Infancy.
OVERVIEW
This paper aims to review the topic of psychic envelopes and to sketch the main outlines of this concept in infancy. We first explore the origins of the concept in Freud's “protective shield” and then its development in adult psychoanalysis before going on to see how this fits in infancy with post-Bionian psychoanalysis and development. Four central notions guide this review:
Freud's “protective shield” describes a barrier to protect the psychic apparatus against potentially overflowing trauma. Anzieu's “Skin-Ego” is defined by the different senses of the body. Bick's “psychic skin” establishes the concept in relation to infancy. Stern's “narrative envelope” derives from the intersection between psychoanalysis and neuroscience.
Although it has received relatively little attention elsewhere, the concept of psychic envelopes is being used in psychoanalysis in France. The aim of the present article is to undertake a broad investigative review of this concept, and to specify its main characteristics, particularly as applied in understanding infant development. To facilitate this, we will focus on four notions in which the concept is rooted: the protective shield (Freud), the SkinEgo (Anzieu), the psychic skin (Bick) and the narrative envelope (Stern)
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | The potential role of neuropathic mechanisms in dry eye syndromes. | The potential role of neuropathic mechanisms in dry eye syndromes.
The potential role of neuropathic mechanisms in dry eye syndromes.
OVERVIEW
According to the 2007 International Dry Eye Workshop, dry eye syndromes (DES) are multifactorial diseases of the tears, lids and ocular surface which can result in symptoms of discomfort and/or visual disturbance and/or tear film instability with the potential for damage to the ocular surface.
This disease is often accompanied by Meibomian gland dysfunction, increased osmolarity of the tear film and inflammation of the ocular surface1 and may be exacerbated by infrequent and/or incomplete blinking. Dry eye symptoms could either be nociceptive and neuropathic symptoms. The aim of this review was to discuss the potential for ocular symptoms involving neuropathic mechanisms to contribute to psychosocial problems such as depression, stress, anxiety and sleep disorders as well as for these types of psychosocial problems to contribute to neuropathic mechanisms and dry eye syndromes.
This is study is relevant because failure to consider the possibility that neuropathic mechanisms can contribute to dry eye syndromes may reduce accuracy of diagnosis and the suitability of treatment provided.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Charles W. Mcmonnies JOURNAL: Journal of Optometry PUBLISHER: Elsevier Inc URL: http://elsevier.com
| 3 | | R430.00 | |