 | | HIV and Aids Part 2 | HIV and Aids Part 2
Overview
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus transmitted through sexual contact, shared needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. It belongs to the Retroviridae family. All patients who are diagnosed with HIV should be initiated on ART as soon as possible.
HIV can also lead to complications like dementia and chronic diarrhea with weight loss (HIV wasting syndrome).
Exceptions to this include patients presenting with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) or central nervous system tuberculosis (tuberculous meningitis (TBM) or tuberculoma).
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| | HIV and Aids Part 1 | HIV and Aids Part 1
Overview
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus transmitted through sexual contact, shared needles, and from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding. It belongs to the Retroviridae family. Symptoms vary depending on the stage of infection and these include: - Acute stage, which resembles the flu, with fever, malaise, and a generalized rash;
- Asymptomatic stage which generally, has no symptoms.
- Lymphadenopathy, which presents with swelling of lymph nodes, which can be a primary symptom.
- AIDs, which is the advanced stage marked by severe infections or cancers.
HIV can also lead to complications like dementia and chronic diarrhea with weight loss (HIV wasting syndrome).
Sharespike Knowledge Studio | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Ebola Virus Infection | Ebola Virus Infection
Overview
Ebola virus is one of at least 30 known viruses capable of causing viral hemorrhagic fever syndrome. The genus Ebolavirus currently is classified into 5 separate species: Sudan ebolavirus, Zaire ebolavirus, Tai Forest (Ivory Coast) ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, and Bundibugyo ebolavirus. The outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa from 2014 to 2016, involving Zaire ebolavirus, was the largest outbreak of Ebola virus disease in history.
As of September 17, 2019, an active outbreak of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) had resulted in 3,034 confirmed and 111 probable cases of Ebola virus disease, including 2,103 attributable deaths. An experimental vaccine has been credited with limiting the outbreak’s scope.
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| | The value of Clinical signs in the diagnosis of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy – A Systematic review and Meta-analysis | The value of Clinical signs in the diagnosis of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy – A Systematic review and Meta-analysis
The value of Clinical signs in the diagnosis of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy – A Systematic review and Meta-analysis
Overview
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a progressive spine condition and the most common cause of spinal cord dysfunction globally. Patients with DCM can exhibit subtle, nonspecific symptoms in their upper and lower extremities, making it challenging to diagnose this condition initially. Symptoms reported by patients include bilateral arm paresthesia, reduced manual dexterity, gait instability, and weakness. Other symptoms may include neck pain or stiffness, Lhermitte’s phenomena, and urinary or fecal urgency or incontinence. The delayed diagnosis of DCM is likely due to a combination of its subtle symptoms, incomplete neurological assessments by clinicians, and a lack of public and professional awareness. Establishing diagnostic criteria for DCM could facilitate earlier referral for definitive management. This systematic review aims to determine (i) the diagnostic accuracy of various clinical signs and (ii) the association between clinical signs and disease severity in DCM. In conclusion, the presence of clinical signs indicating spinal cord compression should prompt healthcare professionals to conduct further investigations, such as neuroimaging, to either confirm or refute a diagnosis of DCM.
Journal Global Spine Volume 14 Issue 4
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| | Multifidus Degeneration: The Key Imaging Predictor of Adjacent Segment Disease | Multifidus Degeneration: The Key Imaging Predictor of Adjacent Segment Disease
Multifidus Degeneration: The Key Imaging Predictor of Adjacent Segment Disease
Overview Adjacent segment disease (ASD), which is the degeneration of the segment next to the instrumentation, is a common long-term outcome of spinal fusion and is a primary reason for revision surgery. The incidence of radiographic ASD varies widely, with annual and 10-year revision surgery rates of 2.5% and 22.2%, respectively. The occurrence of ASD is influenced by several factors, including the definition of ASD, preexisting degeneration of adjacent discs, preoperative conditions, surgical techniques used, the number of segments fused, and the length of the follow-up period. Although not all ASDs are clinically significant, radiologically defined symptomatic ASD is a major factor for poorer patient-reported outcomes and revision surgery. These revision surgeries are more complex and riskier than the initial surgery. The objective of this course is to identify imaging predictors on pre- and perioperative imaging that are associated with a future revision surgery for ASD following lumbar fusion. It was found that multifidus fatty infiltration is a key imaging predictor for the development of ASD requiring surgical revision, while disc degeneration and spinopelvic alignment appear to have less impact.
Journal Global Spine Journal Volume 15 Issue 1
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| | Enterobacter Infection | Enterobacter Infection
Overview
Enterobacter infections can include bacteremia, lower respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs), endocarditis, intra-abdominal infections, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, CNS infections, and ophthalmic infections. Enterobacter infections can necessitate prolonged hospitalization, multiple and varied imaging studies and laboratory tests, various surgical and nonsurgical procedures, and powerful and expensive antimicrobial agents. Enterobacter infections do not have a clinical presentation that is specific enough to differentiate them from other acute bacterial infections. Bacteremia Signs of Enterobacter bacteremia include various symptoms and cause lower respiratory tract infections can manifest identically to those caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae or other organisms Enterobacter infections do not have a clinical presentation that is specific enough to differentiate them from other acute. This course addresses the symptoms and the causes.
Sharespike Knowledge Studio | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Prediction of osteoporosis using MRI and CT scans with unimodal and multimodal deep-learning models | Prediction of osteoporosis using MRI and CT scans with unimodal and multimodal deep-learning models
Prediction of osteoporosis using MRI and CT scans with unimodal and multimodal deep-learning models
Overview Osteoporosis involves the systematic degeneration of the human skeleton, leading to decreased quality of life and increased mortality risk. Predicting osteoporosis can help reduce these risks and enable patients to take necessary precautions. Deep-learning models have shown accurate results using various imaging modalities. This research aimed to develop unimodal and multimodal deep-learning diagnostic models to predict bone mineral loss in the lumbar vertebrae using magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) imaging. Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal degenerative disease marked by the deterioration of bone tissue microstructure and low bone mineral density (BMD), resulting in increased bone fragility and fracture susceptibility. Fragility fractures are the main complication of osteoporosis, impacting morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. As the elderly population grows, osteoporosis prevalence is rising. By 2020, it was estimated that approximately 12.3 million individuals over 50 in the United States would have osteoporosis. Research by Tuzun et al. indicated that the prevalence of osteoporosis among Turkish citizens increases with age, affecting 3%-4% of individuals at age 50 and more than 30% by age 80. These numbers are projected to increase by 64% (870,000 men and 1,841,000 women) by 2035. This study showed that osteoporosis could be accurately predicted using the proposed models with both MR and CT images, with a multimodal approach enhancing prediction accuracy. Further research involving prospective studies with a larger patient cohort may facilitate integrating these technologies into clinical practice.
Journal Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
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| | Comparison of mammography and ultrasound findings in the follow-up of patients with breast cancer treated with segmental mastectomy followed by intraoperative electron radiotherapy versus external whole breast radiotherapy | Comparison of mammography and ultrasound findings in the follow-up of patients with breast cancer treated with segmental mastectomy followed by intraoperative electron radiotherapy versus external whole breast radiotherapy
Comparison of mammography and ultrasound findings in the follow-up of patients with breast cancer treated with segmental mastectomy followed by intraoperative electron radiotherapy versus external whole breast radiotherapy
Overview This study aims to describe imaging findings in patients treated with intraoperative electron radiotherapy (IOeRT) and compare them with those detected in patients treated with external whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT). Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is an adjuvant treatment option for selected cases of early-stage breast cancer. It is administered using either electron beams (IOeRT) or X-ray, and it can be used alone as primary radiotherapy or as a boost followed by WBRT. The advantages of IORT include direct visualization of the tumour bed, reduced skin doses, and patient convenience. There are limited reports on the radiological findings in patients treated with IORT. Some studies have indicated that postoperative changes in mammography and ultrasound (US) are more pronounced in patients treated with IORT compared to those treated conventionally with WBRT. Ill-defined non-mass lesions detected on US in the IORT group have not been previously defined. Radiologists should be aware of these lesions as they can be confusing, particularly in early follow-up studies. This study found that minor findings are observed more frequently in low-density breasts, while major findings are more common in high-density breasts within the IORT group. This observation has not been reported before, and further studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to confirm these results.
Journal Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Volume 29 Issue 6
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| | Head-to-head comparison of 18F-FDG PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/MRI for lymph node metastasis staging in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis | Head-to-head comparison of 18F-FDG PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/MRI for lymph node metastasis staging in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis
Head-to-head comparison of 18F-FDG PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/MRI for lymph node metastasis staging in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis
Overview
This meta-analysis compared the diagnostic performance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT with 18F-FDG PET/MRI in staging lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). According to the 2020 Global Cancer Observatory, lung cancer has the highest mortality rate (about 18% of all cancer deaths) and the second highest incidence rate (around 11.4% of new cancer cases). NSCLC is the most common type, accounting for roughly 80% of lung cancers. Assessing distant and mediastinal lymph node metastases in NSCLC patients is crucial for staging, treatment planning, and prognosis. While CT is a commonly used non-invasive modality for mediastinal staging, it has limited sensitivity and reliability. Over the past decade, 18F-FDG PET/CT has been widely used to evaluate NSCLC due to its ability to distinguish between malignant and benign pulmonary nodules, improve staging accuracy, and predict histology, treatment response, and prognosis. The analysis included six studies with 434 patients. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases for relevant articles from November 1992 to September 2022, focusing on head-to-head comparisons of 18F-FDG PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/MRI in NSCLC lymph node metastasis. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Performance Studies-2 tool.
Journal
Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Volume 30 Issue 2 | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Imaging findings of primary lung tumors in children | Imaging findings of primary lung tumors in children
Imaging findings of primary lung tumors in children
Overview
Pediatric lung tumors are primarily discussed in the surgical literature. However, there is limited research on their imaging findings, and only a few tumor types have been documented. This article aims to describe the imaging features of primary lung tumors in children. Primary lung tumors are uncommon in children and have a different histologic spectrum than adult lung tumors, which changes with age. Metastases and congenital lung masses constitute a substantial proportion of lung neoplasms in children. The incidence of primary, metastatic, and congenital/inflammatory lesions is reported to be 1:5:60. The most prevalent metastatic tumors in the lungs are Wilms tumor and osteosarcoma. Primary lung masses may be located in the tracheobronchial tree or parenchyma. Additionally, parenchymal involvement may occur secondarily through local invasion of mediastinal or chest wall masses. The symptoms associated with lung masses are non-specific, and there is no correlation between tumor size and malignancy. The most common tumors observed in this study were IMT and PPB, respectively. IMT is highly associated with calcification.
Journal
Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology
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| | MR Imaging of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis: Updated Evidence on High-Risk Plaque Features and Emerging Trends | MR Imaging of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis: Updated Evidence on High-Risk Plaque Features and Emerging Trends
MR Imaging of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis: Updated Evidence on High-Risk Plaque Features and Emerging Trends
Overview
MR imaging is well-established as the criterion standard for carotid artery atherosclerosis imaging. The capability of MR imaging to differentiate numerous plaque components has been demonstrated, including those features that are associated with a high risk of sudden changes, thrombosis, or embolization. The field of carotid plaque MR imaging is constantly evolving, with continued
insight into the imaging appearance and implications of various vulnerable plaque characteristics. This article will review the most up-to-date knowledge of these high-risk plaque features on MR imaging and will delve into 2 major emerging topics: the role of vulnerable plaques in cryptogenic strokes and the potential use of MR imaging to modify carotid endarterectomy treatment guidelines.
Journal
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Citation
Benson, J. C., Saba, L., Bathla, G., Brinjikji, W., Nardi, V., & Lanzino, G. (2023). MR Imaging of Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis: Updated Evidence on High-Risk Plaque Features and Emerging Trends. AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 44(8), 880–888. https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7921 | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | CT and clinical features for distinguishing endophytic clear cell renal cell carcinoma from urothelial carcinoma | CT and clinical features for distinguishing endophytic clear cell renal cell carcinoma from urothelial carcinoma
CT and clinical features for distinguishing endophytic clear cell renal cell carcinoma from urothelial carcinoma
Overview The aim was to characterize the clinical and multiphase computed tomography (CT) features of the distinguishing endophytic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ECCRCC) from endophytic renal urothelial carcinoma (ERUC). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine independent predictors for ECCRCC and to construct a predictive model that comprised clinical and CT characteristics for the differential diagnosis of ECCRCC and ERUC. Differential diagnostic performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The independent predictors of ECCRCC were heterogeneous enhancement (odds ratio [OR] = 0.027, P = .005), hematuria (OR for gross hematuria = 53.995, P = .003; OR for microscopic hematuria = 31.126, P = .027), and an infiltrative growth pattern (OR = 24.301, P = .022). The AUC of the predictive model was 0.938 (P < .001, sensitivity = 84.10%, specificity = 95.20%), which had a better diagnostic performance than heterogeneous enhancement (AUC = 0.766, P = .001, sensitivity = 81.82%, specificity = 71.43%), hematuria (AUC = 0.786, P < .001, sensitivity = 81.82%, specificity = 66.67%), and infiltrative growth pattern (AUC = 0.748, P = .001, sensitivity = 90.48%, specificity = 59.09%). The independent predictors, as well as the predictive model of CT and clinical characteristics, may assist in the differential diagnosis of ECCRCC and ERUC and provide useful information for clinical decision making.
Journal Diagnostic Interventional Radiology
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| | Can YouTube be used as an educational tool in lymphedema rehabilitation? | Can YouTube be used as an educational tool in lymphedema rehabilitation?
Can YouTube be used as an educational tool in lymphedema rehabilitation?
Overview Lymphedema is defined as the abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid and fibro-adipose tissues resulting from injury, infection, or congenital abnormalities of the lymphatic system. The gold standard approach in the treatment of lymphedema is Complete Decongestive Therapy and it has many components that require practical knowledge and skills. YouTube can be a useful tool to provide these skills to healthcare professionals and patients. The aim of this study was to examine the videos about lymphedema rehabilitation on YouTube and analyse their technical features, sources, contents, educational value and reliability. The biggest obstacle for YouTube to be an excellent source of information is that it hosts large volumes of uncontrolled and low-quality data. When YouTube content related to lymphedema rehabilitation was examined, it was observed that many videos were quite insufficient and incomplete even though there were useful videos. If careful controlling measures are implemented and if medical videos aim to meet reliability and GQS criteria, YouTube can become an effective and useful source of information for lymphedema rehabilitation.
Journal Archives of Physiotherapy | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | The role of CT in decision for acute appendicitis treatment | The role of CT in decision for acute appendicitis treatment
The role of CT in decision for acute appendicitis treatment
Overview Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdomen requiring surgery. Although the standard treatment has been surgery, it has been seen in recent years that treatment is possible with antibiotics and non-operative observation. In this study, our aim is to determine whether the computed tomography (CT) findings in patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis can be used for directing treatment. As the successful and unsuccessful medical treatment groups were compared, the only significant parameter was the severity of mural enhancement (P = .005). CT findings may be helpful in patients with uncomplicated acute appendicitis whose treatment surgeons are indecisive about. We can recommend surgical treatment in cases with appendix diameter =13 mm, intra-abdominal free fluid, appendicolith, high CT appendicitis score, and severe mural enhancement.
Journal Diagnostic Interventional Radiology
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| | Clinical Outcomes of Radiofrequency Ablation Combined with Transarterial Chemoembolization Using Degradable Starch Microsphere Mixed with Mitomycin C for the Treatment of Non-hepatocellular Carcinoma Malignant Liver Tumours | Clinical Outcomes of Radiofrequency Ablation Combined with Transarterial Chemoembolization Using Degradable Starch Microsphere Mixed with Mitomycin C for the Treatment of Non-hepatocellular Carcinoma Malignant Liver Tumours
Clinical Outcomes of Radiofrequency Ablation Combined with Transarterial Chemoembolization Using Degradable Starch Microsphere Mixed with Mitomycin C for the Treatment of Non-hepatocellular Carcinoma Malignant Liver Tumours
Overview The purpose was to retrospectively evaluate the outcomes of radiofrequency ablation combined with transarterial chemoembolization using degradable starch microspheres for non-hepatocellular carcinoma malignant liver tumours. Technical success, safety, local tumour progression, and overall survival were evaluated. Safety was assessed according to the clinical practice guideline of the Society of Interventional Radiology. All treatment procedures were successfully completed. There were no major complications. The patients were treated with repeat radiofrequency ablation combined with transarterial chemoembolization using degradable starch microspheres. During median follow-up of 48 months (range, 4-77 months), 5 patients died (33%, 5/15). The overall survival rates were 100%, 85%, and 57% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. The median overall survival time was 69 months. It was conclusion radiofrequency ablation combined with transarterial chemoembolization using degradable starch microspheres was safe and showed favourable local control for non-hepatocellular carcinoma malignant liver tumours.
Journal Interventional Radiology | 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | Influence of Prior Imaging Information on Diagnostic Accuracy for Focal Skeletal Processes: A Retrospective Analysis of the Consistency between Biopsy-Verified Imaging Diagnoses. | Influence of Prior Imaging Information on Diagnostic Accuracy for Focal Skeletal Processes: A Retrospective Analysis of the Consistency between Biopsy-Verified Imaging Diagnoses.
Influence of Prior Imaging Information on Diagnostic Accuracy for Focal Skeletal Processes: A Retrospective Analysis of the Consistency between Biopsy-Verified Imaging Diagnoses.
Comparing imaging examinations with those previously obtained is considered mandatory in imaging guidelines. To our knowledge, no studies are available on neither the influence, nor the sequence, of prior imaging and reports on diagnostic accuracy using biopsy as the reference standard. Such data are important to minimize diagnostic errors and to improve the preparation of diagnostic imaging guidelines. The aim of our study was to provide such data.
The sequence of the imaging modalities seems to influence the diagnostic accuracy against a pathology reference standard. Further studies are needed to establish evidence-based guidelines for the strategy of using previous imaging and reports to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Journal Diagnostics
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| | Toward Improved Outcomes for Patients with Lung Cancer Globally: The Essential Role of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine | Toward Improved Outcomes for Patients with Lung Cancer Globally: The Essential Role of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
Toward Improved Outcomes for Patients with Lung Cancer Globally: The Essential Role of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
Key to achieving better population-based outcomes for patients with lung cancer is the improvement of medical imaging and nuclear medicine infrastructure globally. This paper aims to outline why and spark relevant health systems strengthening. The paper synthesizes the global lung cancer landscape, imaging referral guidelines (including resource-stratified ones), the reliance of TNM staging upon imaging, relevant multinational health technology assessments, and precisely how treatment selection and in turn patient outcomes hinge upon imaging findings. The final discussion presents data on current global gaps in both diagnostics (including imaging) and therapies and how, informed by such data, improved population-based outcomes are tangible through strategic planning.
Imaging findings are central to appropriate lung cancer patient management and can variably lead to life-prolonging interventions and/or to life-enhancing palliative measures. Early-stage lung cancer can be treated with curative intent but, unfortunately, most patients with lung cancer still present at advanced stages and many patients lack access to both diagnostics and therapies. Furthermore, half of lung cancer cases occur in low- and middle-income countries. The role of medical imaging and nuclear medicine in lung cancer management, as outlined herein, may help inform strategic planning.
Journal JCO Global Oncology | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Diagnostic performance of tomosynthesis, digital mammography and a dedicated digital specimen radiography system versus pathological assessment of excised breast lesions | Diagnostic performance of tomosynthesis, digital mammography and a dedicated digital specimen radiography system versus pathological assessment of excised breast lesions
Diagnostic performance of tomosynthesis, digital mammography and a dedicated digital specimen radiography system versus pathological assessment of excised breast lesions
Breast conserving surgery (BCS) is an established treatment modality for early breast cancer, offering better aesthetic results and less morbidity, without compromising survival, compared with radical mastectomy. The aim of the study was to com pare the performance of full-field digital mammography (FFDM), digital breast tomosynthesis and a dedicated digital specimen radiography system (SRS) in consecutive patients, and to compare the margin status of resected lesions versus pathological assessment.
It was concluded that Tomosynthesis was superior to SRS and FFDM for detecting and evaluating the target lesions, spiculations and calcifications, and was therefore more reliable for assessing complete excision of breast lesions.
Journal Radiology and oncology
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| | Diagnostic Accuracy of 3D Ultrasound and Artificial Intelligence for Detection of Pediatric Wrist Injuries | Diagnostic Accuracy of 3D Ultrasound and Artificial Intelligence for Detection of Pediatric Wrist Injuries
Diagnostic Accuracy of 3D Ultrasound and Artificial Intelligence for Detection of Pediatric Wrist Injuries
Wrist trauma is common in children, typically requiring radiography for diagnosis and treatment planning. However, many children do not have fractures and are unnecessarily exposed to radiation. Ultrasound performed at bedside could detect fractures prior to radiography.
Fractures are the third leading cause of pediatric hospitalizations in Canada. Distal radius fractures account for up to 25% of fractures documented in children. Distal radius fractures typically occur in children falling on an outstretched hand and involve the metaphysis or physis. Depending on the area of injury, there can be a multitude of fracture patterns that affect treatment planning. Therefore, when children present to primary care clinics or emergency department (ED) with suspected wrist fractures, radiographs are the standard of care as they allow for precise examination of the anatomy. In most hospitals, routine radiographs are performed on patients with wrist trauma, but only half of the imaging reveals fractures. With the estimated cost of treating pediatric forearm fractures at $2 billion per year in the USA, streamlining care is desirable.,Obtaining radiographs in ED typically involves sending the patient to a separate diagnostic imaging area, where they wait in an additional queue, and transferring them back, a process which can add hours to an ED visit. If clinicians could determine at bedside who has a fracture and requires an X-ray, systemwide radiation doses and costs could be reduced and ED visits shortened.
The high sensitivity of 3D ultrasound and automated AI ultrasound interpretation suggests that ultrasound could potentially rule out fractures in the emergency department.
Journal Children
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| | Amygdala pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral Sclerosis | Amygdala pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral Sclerosis
Amygdala pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral Sclerosis
Overview Temporal lobe studies in motor neuron disease overwhelmingly focus on white matter alterations and cortical grey matter atrophy. Reports on amygdala involvement are conflicting and the amygdala is typically evaluated as single structure despite consisting of several functionally and cytologically distinct nuclei. A prospective, single-centre, neuroimaging study was undertaken to comprehensively characterise amygdala pathology in 100 genetically stratified ALS patients, 33 patients with PLS and 117 healthy controls. Our findings highlight that the amygdala is affected in ALS and our study demonstrates the selective involvement of specific nuclei as opposed to global atrophy. The genotype-specific patterns of amygdala involvement identified by this study are consistent with the growing literature of extra-motor clinical features. Mesial temporal lobe pathology in ALS is not limited to hippocampal pathology but, as a key hub of the limbic system, the amygdala is also affected in ALS.
Authors Rangariroyashe H. Chipikaa, Foteini Christidia, Eoin Finegan, Stacey Li Hi Shing, Mary Clare McKenna, Kai Ming Chang, Efstratios Karavasilis, Mark A. Doherty, Jennifer C. Hengeveld, Alice Vajda, Niall Pender, Siobhan Hutchinson, Colette Donaghy, Russell L. McLaughlin, Orla Hardiman, Peter Bede
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| | The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical radiography practice: A systematic literature review and recommendations for future services planning | The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical radiography practice: A systematic literature review and recommendations for future services planning
The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical radiography practice: A systematic literature review and recommendations for future services planning
Overview Worldwide, reports and experiences indicate that there has been extensive re-organisation within diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy departments in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was necessary due to changes in workload and working practice guidelines that have evolved during the pandemic. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiography practice, service delivery and workforce wellbeing. The pandemic impact on radiography practice is broadly themed around: training, communication, and information dissemination; infrastructure, technology, and clinical workflow; and workforce mental health and well-being. It was concluded that globally, most radiographers received inadequate training for managing COVID-19 patients during the initial acute phase of the pandemic. Additionally, there were significant changes to clinical practice, working patterns and perceived increase in workload due to surges in COVID-19 patients and the consequent strict adherence to new infection protocols. These changes, coupled with fear emanating from the increased risk of the workforce to contracting the infection, contributed to anxiety and workplace-related stress during the pandemic.
Authors T.N. Akudjedu, N.A. Mishio, W. Elshami, M.P. Culp, O. Lawal, B.O. Botwe, A.-R. Wuni, N. Julka-Anderson M. Shanahan, J.J. Totman, J.M. Franklin Journal Radiography
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| | Society of Interventional Radiology Multidisciplinary Position Statement on Percutaneous Ablation of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Metastatic Disease to the Lungs | Society of Interventional Radiology Multidisciplinary Position Statement on Percutaneous Ablation of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Metastatic Disease to the Lungs
Society of Interventional Radiology Multidisciplinary Position Statement on Percutaneous Ablation of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Metastatic Disease to the Lungs
Overview
The purpose of this study is to state the Society of Interventional Radiology's position on the use of image-guided thermal ablation for the treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer, recurrent lung cancer, and metastatic disease to the lung. A multidisciplinary writing group, with expertise in treating lung cancer, conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify studies on the topic of interest. Recommendations were drafted and graded according to the updated SIR evidence grading system. A modified Delphi technique was used to achieve consensus agreement on the recommendation statements.
A total of 63 studies, including existing systematic reviews and meta-analysis, retrospective cohort studies, and single-arm trials were identified. The expert writing group developed and agreed on 7 recommendations on the use of image-guided thermal ablation in the lung. It was concluded that SIR considers image-guided thermal ablation to be an acceptable treatment option for patients with inoperable Stage I NSCLC, those with recurrent NSCLC, as well as patients with metastatic lung disease.
Authors Scott J. Genshaft, MD, Robert D. Suh, MD, Fereidoun Abtin, MD, Mark O. Baerlocher, MD, Albert J. Chang, MD, Sean R. Dariushnia, MD, A. Michael Devane, MD, Salomao Faintuch, MD, MS, Elizabeth A. Himes, BS, Aaron Lisberg, MD, Siddharth Padia, MD, Sheena Patel, MPH, Alda L. Tam, MD, MBA, and Jane Yanagawa, MD
Journal J Vasc Interv Radiol
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| | Radiology Residency Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic | Radiology Residency Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Radiology Residency Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Overview: Since March 11, 2020, when the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic, radiology department preparedness policies in response to COVID-19 have been published.
While operational preparedness is crucial in the functioning of the radiology department in this pandemic, academic institutions with radiology residency programs face an additional dimension in the realm of preparedness and response.
Alvin et al provided a perspective from radiology trainees on the impact of the pandemic on residents and fellows. The aim of this article is to provide specific guidance for radiology residency program leadership to prepare and respond to the residency-related impact from the pandemic, with focus on safety and education.
Authors: Alice Chong, Nolan J. Kagetsu, Andrew Yen, Erin A. Cooke Journal: Academic Radiology | 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Radiology and Enterprise Medical Imaging Extensions (REMIX) | Radiology and Enterprise Medical Imaging Extensions (REMIX)
Radiology and Enterprise Medical Imaging Extensions (REMIX)
Overview: Radiology and Enterprise Medical Imaging Extensions (REMIX) is a platform originally designed to both support the medical imaging-driven clinical and clinical research operational needs of Department of Radiology of The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. REMIX accommodates the storage and handling of "big imaging data," as needed for large multi-disciplinary cancer-focused programs.
The evolving REMIX platform contains an array of integrated tools/software packages for the following:
1. Server and storage management 2. Image reconstruction 3. Digital pathology 4. De-identification 5. Business intelligence 6. Texture analysis; and 7. Artificial intelligence.
These capabilities, along with documentation and guidance, explaining how to interact with a commercial system (e.g., PACS, EHR, commercial database) that currently exists in clinical environments, are to be made freely available.
Authors:
Barbaros S. Erdal & Luciano M. Prevedello & Songyue Qian & Mutlu Demirer & Kevin Little & John Ryu & Thomas O’Donnell 2 & Richard D. White
Journal:
J Digit Imaging
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| | Society of Interventional Radiology Research Reporting Standards for Prostatic Artery Embolization | Society of Interventional Radiology Research Reporting Standards for Prostatic Artery Embolization
Society of Interventional Radiology Research Reporting Standards for Prostatic Artery Embolization
Overview Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) is a promising alternative to traditional surgical options for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, as with any developing area of investigation, there is a need to assemble consistent high-quality data that clarify the role of that therapy and allow for systematic analyses of multiple studies.
The objective of this Reporting Standards document is to define a consistent nomenclature and terminology with which investigators can communicate the results of PAE trials to facilitate subsequent comparisons of published techniques, embolic materials, patient populations, and outcomes. The intent is to systematize the reporting of PAE data so that higher levels of evidence can be sought. Reporting Standards are not intended to validate or recommend technical aspects of PAE, but to promote transparent, detailed, and uniform reporting of relevant data.
Authors Andre B. Uflacker, MD, Ziv J Haskal, MD, Mark O. Baerlocher, MD, Shivank S. Bhatia, MD, Francisco C. Carnevale, MD, PhD, Sean R. Dariushnia, MD, Salomao Faintuch, MD, MS, Ron C. Gaba, MD, MS, Jafar Golzarian, MD, Mehran Midia, MD, Boris Nikolic, MD, MBA, Marc R. Sapoval, MD, PhD, and T. Gregory Walker, MD
Journal J Vasc Interv Radiol | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Hypertension Part 3 | Hypertension Part 3
Overview Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. For patients who are symptomatic, however, uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure are true medical emergencies that require rapid intervention in the ED. It is therefore important to understand the disease of chronic hypertension and, perhaps more important, episodes of acute and uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure so that we, as prehospital care providers, can better stratify these patients into low- and high-risk groups that may or may not require transport to an ED for evaluation and treatment.
As we will discuss, it is reasonable to say that not every patient who presents with hypertension is at high risk of morbidity and mortality and absolutely requires evaluation and treatment at an ED. This is not to say EMTs and paramedics should talk patients out of going to EDs for evaluation. Rather, we will strive to give prehospital care providers a better understanding of the risks involved with acute hypertension so they can better work with their patients to find a solution that is safe, reasonable and responsible for everyone involved. This article discusses the topic of acute hypertension, hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergencies in an effort to help EMS providers better understand these illnesses and help patients make the best decisions regarding their transport and care.
Authors:
Sharespike
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Hypertension Part 2 | Hypertension Part 2
Overview Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. For patients who are symptomatic, however, uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure are true medical emergencies that require rapid intervention in the ED. It is therefore important to understand the disease of chronic hypertension and, perhaps more important, episodes of acute and uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure so that we, as prehospital care providers, can better stratify these patients into low- and high-risk groups that may or may not require transport to an ED for evaluation and treatment.
As we will discuss, it is reasonable to say that not every patient who presents with hypertension is at high risk of morbidity and mortality and absolutely requires evaluation and treatment at an ED. This is not to say EMTs and paramedics should talk patients out of going to EDs for evaluation. Rather, we will strive to give prehospital care providers a better understanding of the risks involved with acute hypertension so they can better work with their patients to find a solution that is safe, reasonable and responsible for everyone involved. This article discusses the topic of acute hypertension, hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergencies in an effort to help EMS providers better understand these illnesses and help patients make the best decisions regarding their transport and care.
Authors:
Sharespike
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Dyspnea: Pathophysiology and a clinical approach - EMT | Dyspnea: Pathophysiology and a clinical approach - EMT
Dyspnea: Pathophysiology and a clinical approach - EMT
Overview
Dyspnea is defined as a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity and may either be acute or chronic. This is a common and often distressing symptom reported by patients, and accounts for nearly half of hospital admissions.
The distinct sensations often reported by patients include effort/work of breathing, chest tightness, and air hunger (a feeling of not enough air on inspiration). Dyspnea should be assessed by the intensity of these sensations, the degree of distress involved, and its burden or impact on instrumental activities.
Dyspnea is a common and often distressing symptom and a frequent reason for general practitioner and clinic visits. Dyspnea is symptom, and its experience is subjective and varies greatly among individuals exposed to the same stimuli or with similar pathologies. This differential experience of Dyspnea among individuals emanates from interactions among multiple physiological, psychological, social, and environmental factors that induce secondary physiological and behavioural responses. The management of Dyspnea will depend on the underlying cause.
Author
Sharespike | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Emphysema, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Asthma | Emphysema, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Asthma
Emphysema, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Asthma
Overview Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are airflow-limited states contained within the disease state known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Just as asthma is no longer grouped with COPD, the current definition of COPD put forth by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) also no longer distinguishes between emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Emphysema is pathologically defined as an abnormal permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by the destruction of alveolar walls and without obvious fibrosis. This process leads to reduced gas exchange, changes in airway dynamics that impair expiratory airflow, and progressive air trapping. Clinically, the term emphysema is used interchangeably with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD.
The theory surrounding this definition has been around since the 1950s, with a key concept of irreversibility and/or permanent acinar damage. However, new data posit that increased collagen deposition leads to active fibrosis, which inevitably is associated with breakdown of the lung’s elastic framework.
Discussions on how obstructive diseases share similar phenotypes have been emerging and evolving within the literature. This course provides a particularly good outline.
Author Sharespike
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Hypertension Part 1 | Hypertension Part 1
Overview
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. For patients who are symptomatic, however, uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure are true medical emergencies that require rapid intervention in the ED. It is therefore important to understand the disease of chronic hypertension and, perhaps more important, episodes of acute and uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure so that we, as prehospital care providers, can better stratify these patients into low- and high-risk groups that may or may not require transport to an ED for evaluation and treatment.
As we will discuss, it is reasonable to say that not every patient who presents with hypertension is at high risk of morbidity and mortality and absolutely requires evaluation and treatment at an ED. This is not to say EMTs and paramedics should talk patients out of going to EDs for evaluation. Rather, we will strive to give prehospital care providers a better understanding of the risks involved with acute hypertension so they can better work with their patients to find a solution that is safe, reasonable and responsible for everyone involved. This article discusses the topic of acute hypertension, hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergencies in an effort to help EMS providers better understand these illnesses and help patients make the best decisions regarding their transport and care.
Authors:
Sharespike
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Catastrophe in Radiology: Considerations Beyond Common Emergencies | Catastrophe in Radiology: Considerations Beyond Common Emergencies
Catastrophe in Radiology: Considerations Beyond Common Emergencies
Overview Organizations around the world increasingly prepare for the “what ifs” of our environments. Regulating and certifying agencies mandate organizational plans for threat management to include risk factor identification, threat mitigation, prevention (when possible), response to, and recovery from the event. Disasters often occur without warning and have the potential to affect large numbers of people. Those in the radiology environment experience unique effects on them, their equipment, and their ability to provide quality patient care. Lessons can be learned by reviewing events and their impact on imaging departments around the world. Radiology departments need to be actively involved in the disaster planning and the management of disasters when they occur. Common themes emerge regardless of the type of disaster, and these themes should be included in all planning.
Even with an ever-increasing amount of information available and regulations to comply with, radiology departments are still often excluded from a hospital's disaster management plan and drills. Often, it is not until an organization experiences a catastrophic event that the identification of a plan for radiology's role during a disaster comes to mind.
Authors Valerie Aarne Grossman
Journal Journal of Radiology Nursing | 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Adolescent knee pain: fracture or normal? A case report. | Adolescent knee pain: fracture or normal? A case report.
Adolescent knee pain: fracture or normal? A case report.
Overview Knee injuries are the second to fourth most common injuries in youth soccer. In this population, sprains/strains, fractures and contusions are most common. Due to variations in the developing skeleton, it can be difficult to rule out fractures. We present a case of a 13-year-old presenting to the emergency department (ED) with patellar pain after pivoting during a soccer game. After radiographic clearance, he was allowed to return to sport. Following another fall and ED visit, his full leg was casted. He presented to a chiropractor after cast removal, who made recommendations for progressive rehabilitation owing to the lack of evidence for fracture on radiographs. We suggest a thorough history, physical and Ottawa knee rules to determine whether We suggest a thorough history, physical and Ottawa knee rules to determine whether radiographs are indicated in the management of a pediatric knee injury. Due to normal skeletal variance, we recommend bilateral radiographs and if findings are ambiguous, consultation with a radiologist to confirm clinical suspicions.
Authors: Melissa Corso and Scott Howitt
Journal: The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association Volume 62 Issue 2 | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Viral Pneumonia Part 3 | Viral Pneumonia Part 3
Overview The reported incidence of viral pneumonia (see the image below) has increased during the past decade. In part, this apparent increase simply reflects improved diagnostic techniques, but an actual increase appears to have also occurred. Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease. This course is divided into 3 parts covering the aspects of Pneumonia leading into the much dreaded COVID 19 The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. Primary influenza pneumonia manifests with persistent symptoms of cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and malaise for more than three to five days. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults.
Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. PIV pneumonia and bronchiolitis are caused primarily by the PIV-3 strain. The signs and symptoms include fever, cough, coryza, dyspnea with rales, and wheezing.
Acknowledgements Authors:
Zab Mosenifar and Richard Brawerman | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Viral Pneumonia Part 2 | Viral Pneumonia Part 2
Overview The reported incidence of viral pneumonia (see the image below) has increased during the past decade. In part, this apparent increase simply reflects improved diagnostic techniques, but an actual increase appears to have also occurred. Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease. This course is divided into 3 parts covering the aspects of Pneumonia leading into the much dreaded COVID 19. The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. Primary influenza pneumonia manifests with persistent symptoms of cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and malaise for more than three to five days. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults.
Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. PIV pneumonia and bronchiolitis are caused primarily by the PIV-3 strain. The signs and symptoms include fever, cough, coryza, dyspnea with rales, and wheezing.
Acknowledgements Authors:
Zab Mosenifar and Richard BrawermanThe University of Pretoria | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Viral Pneumonia Part 1 | Viral Pneumonia Part 1
Overview The reported incidence of viral pneumonia (see the image below) has increased during the past decade. In part, this apparent increase simply reflects improved diagnostic techniques, but an actual increase appears to have also occurred. Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease.
This course is divided into 3 parts covering the aspects of Pneumonia leading into the much dreaded COVID 19. The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. Primary influenza pneumonia manifests with persistent symptoms of cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and malaise for more than three to five days. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults.
Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. PIV pneumonia and bronchiolitis are caused primarily by the PIV-3 strain. The signs and symptoms include fever, cough, coryza, dyspnea with rales, and wheezing.
Acknowledgements
Authors:
Zab Mosenifar and Richard Brawerman | 3 | | R420.00 | |