| | Influence of Prior Imaging Information on Diagnostic Accuracy for Focal Skeletal Processes: A Retrospective Analysis of the Consistency between Biopsy-Verified Imaging Diagnoses. | Influence of Prior Imaging Information on Diagnostic Accuracy for Focal Skeletal Processes: A Retrospective Analysis of the Consistency between Biopsy-Verified Imaging Diagnoses.
Influence of Prior Imaging Information on Diagnostic Accuracy for Focal Skeletal Processes: A Retrospective Analysis of the Consistency between Biopsy-Verified Imaging Diagnoses.
Comparing imaging examinations with those previously obtained is considered mandatory in imaging guidelines. To our knowledge, no studies are available on neither the influence, nor the sequence, of prior imaging and reports on diagnostic accuracy using biopsy as the reference standard. Such data are important to minimize diagnostic errors and to improve the preparation of diagnostic imaging guidelines. The aim of our study was to provide such data.
The sequence of the imaging modalities seems to influence the diagnostic accuracy against a pathology reference standard. Further studies are needed to establish evidence-based guidelines for the strategy of using previous imaging and reports to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Journal Diagnostics
| 3 | | R455.00 |  |
| | Toward Improved Outcomes for Patients with Lung Cancer Globally: The Essential Role of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine | Toward Improved Outcomes for Patients with Lung Cancer Globally: The Essential Role of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
Toward Improved Outcomes for Patients with Lung Cancer Globally: The Essential Role of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
Key to achieving better population-based outcomes for patients with lung cancer is the improvement of medical imaging and nuclear medicine infrastructure globally. This paper aims to outline why and spark relevant health systems strengthening. The paper synthesizes the global lung cancer landscape, imaging referral guidelines (including resource-stratified ones), the reliance of TNM staging upon imaging, relevant multinational health technology assessments, and precisely how treatment selection and in turn patient outcomes hinge upon imaging findings. The final discussion presents data on current global gaps in both diagnostics (including imaging) and therapies and how, informed by such data, improved population-based outcomes are tangible through strategic planning.
Imaging findings are central to appropriate lung cancer patient management and can variably lead to life-prolonging interventions and/or to life-enhancing palliative measures. Early-stage lung cancer can be treated with curative intent but, unfortunately, most patients with lung cancer still present at advanced stages and many patients lack access to both diagnostics and therapies. Furthermore, half of lung cancer cases occur in low- and middle-income countries. The role of medical imaging and nuclear medicine in lung cancer management, as outlined herein, may help inform strategic planning.
Journal JCO Global Oncology | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Diagnostic performance of tomosynthesis, digital mammography and a dedicated digital specimen radiography system versus pathological assessment of excised breast lesions | Diagnostic performance of tomosynthesis, digital mammography and a dedicated digital specimen radiography system versus pathological assessment of excised breast lesions
Diagnostic performance of tomosynthesis, digital mammography and a dedicated digital specimen radiography system versus pathological assessment of excised breast lesions
Breast conserving surgery (BCS) is an established treatment modality for early breast cancer, offering better aesthetic results and less morbidity, without compromising survival, compared with radical mastectomy. The aim of the study was to com pare the performance of full-field digital mammography (FFDM), digital breast tomosynthesis and a dedicated digital specimen radiography system (SRS) in consecutive patients, and to compare the margin status of resected lesions versus pathological assessment.
It was concluded that Tomosynthesis was superior to SRS and FFDM for detecting and evaluating the target lesions, spiculations and calcifications, and was therefore more reliable for assessing complete excision of breast lesions.
Journal Radiology and oncology
| 3 | | R480.00 | |
| | Diagnostic Accuracy of 3D Ultrasound and Artificial Intelligence for Detection of Pediatric Wrist Injuries | Diagnostic Accuracy of 3D Ultrasound and Artificial Intelligence for Detection of Pediatric Wrist Injuries
Diagnostic Accuracy of 3D Ultrasound and Artificial Intelligence for Detection of Pediatric Wrist Injuries
Wrist trauma is common in children, typically requiring radiography for diagnosis and treatment planning. However, many children do not have fractures and are unnecessarily exposed to radiation. Ultrasound performed at bedside could detect fractures prior to radiography.
Fractures are the third leading cause of pediatric hospitalizations in Canada. Distal radius fractures account for up to 25% of fractures documented in children. Distal radius fractures typically occur in children falling on an outstretched hand and involve the metaphysis or physis. Depending on the area of injury, there can be a multitude of fracture patterns that affect treatment planning. Therefore, when children present to primary care clinics or emergency department (ED) with suspected wrist fractures, radiographs are the standard of care as they allow for precise examination of the anatomy. In most hospitals, routine radiographs are performed on patients with wrist trauma, but only half of the imaging reveals fractures. With the estimated cost of treating pediatric forearm fractures at $2 billion per year in the USA, streamlining care is desirable.,Obtaining radiographs in ED typically involves sending the patient to a separate diagnostic imaging area, where they wait in an additional queue, and transferring them back, a process which can add hours to an ED visit. If clinicians could determine at bedside who has a fracture and requires an X-ray, systemwide radiation doses and costs could be reduced and ED visits shortened.
The high sensitivity of 3D ultrasound and automated AI ultrasound interpretation suggests that ultrasound could potentially rule out fractures in the emergency department.
Journal Children
| 3 | | R485.00 | |
| | 18F-FDG PET/CT for the Evaluation of Therapy Response in Hormone Receptor–Positive Bone-Dominant Metastatic Breast Cancer | 18F-FDG PET/CT for the Evaluation of Therapy Response in Hormone Receptor–Positive Bone-Dominant Metastatic Breast Cancer
18F-FDG PET/CT for the Evaluation of Therapy Response in Hormone Receptor–Positive Bone-Dominant Metastatic Breast Cancer
Despite increasing therapeutic options, breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Bone is the most common site of metastasis in breast cancer, particularly in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)–positive tumors. Bone metastases can greatly affect quality of life.In patients with bone-dominant (BD) ER–positive metastatic breast cancer (mBC), endocrine therapy (ET) offers a targeted therapeutic approach with a favorable toxicity profile.
Fluorine 18 (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT has shown promise for use in assessing treatment response in patients with bone-only or bone-dominant (BD) metastatic breast cancer. PET imaging with fluorine 18 (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) holds promise in monitoring BD mBC. By imaging tumour glucose metabolism, 18F-FDG PET circumvents the deficiencies of using the osseous reaction to tumor as a proxyfor tumor response.
Journal Radiology: Imaging Cancer | 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Amygdala pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral Sclerosis | Amygdala pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral Sclerosis
Amygdala pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and primary lateral Sclerosis
Overview Temporal lobe studies in motor neuron disease overwhelmingly focus on white matter alterations and cortical grey matter atrophy. Reports on amygdala involvement are conflicting and the amygdala is typically evaluated as single structure despite consisting of several functionally and cytologically distinct nuclei. A prospective, single-centre, neuroimaging study was undertaken to comprehensively characterise amygdala pathology in 100 genetically stratified ALS patients, 33 patients with PLS and 117 healthy controls. Our findings highlight that the amygdala is affected in ALS and our study demonstrates the selective involvement of specific nuclei as opposed to global atrophy. The genotype-specific patterns of amygdala involvement identified by this study are consistent with the growing literature of extra-motor clinical features. Mesial temporal lobe pathology in ALS is not limited to hippocampal pathology but, as a key hub of the limbic system, the amygdala is also affected in ALS.
Authors Rangariroyashe H. Chipikaa, Foteini Christidia, Eoin Finegan, Stacey Li Hi Shing, Mary Clare McKenna, Kai Ming Chang, Efstratios Karavasilis, Mark A. Doherty, Jennifer C. Hengeveld, Alice Vajda, Niall Pender, Siobhan Hutchinson, Colette Donaghy, Russell L. McLaughlin, Orla Hardiman, Peter Bede
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Machine learning based natural language processing of radiology reports in orthopaedic trauma | Machine learning based natural language processing of radiology reports in orthopaedic trauma
Machine learning based natural language processing of radiology reports in orthopaedic trauma
Overview This study was done to compare different Machine Learning (ML) Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods to classify radiology reports in orthopaedic trauma for the presence of injuries. Assessing NLP performance is a prerequisite for downstream tasks and therefore of importance from a clinical perspective (avoiding missed injuries, quality check, insight in diagnostic yield) as well as from a research perspective (identification of patient cohorts, annotation of radiographs). Datasets of Dutch radiology reports of injured extremities and chest radiographs were collected in two different hospitals and labelled by radiologists and trauma surgeons for the presence or absence of injuries. NLP classification was applied and optimized by testing different pre-processing steps and different classifiers. Performance was assessed by F1-score, AUC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. It was concluded that the deep learning-based BERT model outperforms all other classification methods which were assessed and founded that BERT NLP outperforms traditional ML and rule-base classifiers when applied to Dutch radiology reports in orthopaedic trauma
Authors A.W. Olthof, P. Shouche, E.M. Fennemac, F.F.A. IJpmac, R.H.C. Koolstraa, V.M.A. Stirler, P.M.A. van Ooijen, L.J. Cornelissen Journal Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine | 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical radiography practice: A systematic literature review and recommendations for future services planning | The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical radiography practice: A systematic literature review and recommendations for future services planning
The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical radiography practice: A systematic literature review and recommendations for future services planning
Overview Worldwide, reports and experiences indicate that there has been extensive re-organisation within diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy departments in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was necessary due to changes in workload and working practice guidelines that have evolved during the pandemic. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiography practice, service delivery and workforce wellbeing. The pandemic impact on radiography practice is broadly themed around: training, communication, and information dissemination; infrastructure, technology, and clinical workflow; and workforce mental health and well-being. It was concluded that globally, most radiographers received inadequate training for managing COVID-19 patients during the initial acute phase of the pandemic. Additionally, there were significant changes to clinical practice, working patterns and perceived increase in workload due to surges in COVID-19 patients and the consequent strict adherence to new infection protocols. These changes, coupled with fear emanating from the increased risk of the workforce to contracting the infection, contributed to anxiety and workplace-related stress during the pandemic.
Authors T.N. Akudjedu, N.A. Mishio, W. Elshami, M.P. Culp, O. Lawal, B.O. Botwe, A.-R. Wuni, N. Julka-Anderson M. Shanahan, J.J. Totman, J.M. Franklin Journal Radiography
| 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Society of Interventional Radiology Multidisciplinary Position Statement on Percutaneous Ablation of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Metastatic Disease to the Lungs | Society of Interventional Radiology Multidisciplinary Position Statement on Percutaneous Ablation of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Metastatic Disease to the Lungs
Society of Interventional Radiology Multidisciplinary Position Statement on Percutaneous Ablation of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Metastatic Disease to the Lungs
Overview The purpose of this study is to state the Society of Interventional Radiology's position on the use of image-guided thermal ablation for the treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer, recurrent lung cancer, and metastatic disease to the lung. A multidisciplinary writing group, with expertise in treating lung cancer, conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify studies on the topic of interest. Recommendations were drafted and graded according to the updated SIR evidence grading system. A modified Delphi technique was used to achieve consensus agreement on the recommendation statements. A total of 63 studies, including existing systematic reviews and meta-analysis, retrospective cohort studies, and single-arm trials were identified. The expert writing group developed and agreed on 7 recommendations on the use of image-guided thermal ablation in the lung. It was concluded that SIR considers image-guided thermal ablation to be an acceptable treatment option for patients with inoperable Stage I NSCLC, those with recurrent NSCLC, as well as patients with metastatic lung disease. Authors Scott J. Genshaft, MD, Robert D. Suh, MD, Fereidoun Abtin, MD, Mark O. Baerlocher, MD, Albert J. Chang, MD, Sean R. Dariushnia, MD, A. Michael Devane, MD, Salomao Faintuch, MD, MS, Elizabeth A. Himes, BS, Aaron Lisberg, MD, Siddharth Padia, MD, Sheena Patel, MPH, Alda L. Tam, MD, MBA, and Jane Yanagawa, MD Journal J Vasc Interv Radiol
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Radiology Residency Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic | Radiology Residency Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Radiology Residency Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Overview: Since March 11, 2020, when the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic, radiology department preparedness policies in response to COVID-19 have been published.
While operational preparedness is crucial in the functioning of the radiology department in this pandemic, academic institutions with radiology residency programs face an additional dimension in the realm of preparedness and response.
Alvin et al provided a perspective from radiology trainees on the impact of the pandemic on residents and fellows. The aim of this article is to provide specific guidance for radiology residency program leadership to prepare and respond to the residency-related impact from the pandemic, with focus on safety and education.
Authors: Alice Chong, Nolan J. Kagetsu, Andrew Yen, Erin A. Cooke Journal: Academic Radiology | 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Radiology and Enterprise Medical Imaging Extensions (REMIX) | Radiology and Enterprise Medical Imaging Extensions (REMIX)
Radiology and Enterprise Medical Imaging Extensions (REMIX)
Overview: Radiology and Enterprise Medical Imaging Extensions (REMIX) is a platform originally designed to both support the medical imaging-driven clinical and clinical research operational needs of Department of Radiology of The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. REMIX accommodates the storage and handling of "big imaging data," as needed for large multi-disciplinary cancer-focused programs.
The evolving REMIX platform contains an array of integrated tools/software packages for the following:
1. Server and storage management 2. Image reconstruction 3. Digital pathology 4. De-identification 5. Business intelligence 6. Texture analysis; and 7. Artificial intelligence.
These capabilities, along with documentation and guidance, explaining how to interact with a commercial system (e.g., PACS, EHR, commercial database) that currently exists in clinical environments, are to be made freely available.
Authors:
Barbaros S. Erdal & Luciano M. Prevedello & Songyue Qian & Mutlu Demirer & Kevin Little & John Ryu & Thomas O’Donnell 2 & Richard D. White
Journal:
J Digit Imaging
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Society of Interventional Radiology Research Reporting Standards for Prostatic Artery Embolization | Society of Interventional Radiology Research Reporting Standards for Prostatic Artery Embolization
Society of Interventional Radiology Research Reporting Standards for Prostatic Artery Embolization
Overview Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) is a promising alternative to traditional surgical options for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, as with any developing area of investigation, there is a need to assemble consistent high-quality data that clarify the role of that therapy and allow for systematic analyses of multiple studies.
The objective of this Reporting Standards document is to define a consistent nomenclature and terminology with which investigators can communicate the results of PAE trials to facilitate subsequent comparisons of published techniques, embolic materials, patient populations, and outcomes. The intent is to systematize the reporting of PAE data so that higher levels of evidence can be sought. Reporting Standards are not intended to validate or recommend technical aspects of PAE, but to promote transparent, detailed, and uniform reporting of relevant data.
Authors Andre B. Uflacker, MD, Ziv J Haskal, MD, Mark O. Baerlocher, MD, Shivank S. Bhatia, MD, Francisco C. Carnevale, MD, PhD, Sean R. Dariushnia, MD, Salomao Faintuch, MD, MS, Ron C. Gaba, MD, MS, Jafar Golzarian, MD, Mehran Midia, MD, Boris Nikolic, MD, MBA, Marc R. Sapoval, MD, PhD, and T. Gregory Walker, MD
Journal J Vasc Interv Radiol | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Advisor high-definition HD Grid catheter for mapping accessory pathways in pediatrics | Advisor high-definition HD Grid catheter for mapping accessory pathways in pediatrics
Advisor high-definition HD Grid catheter for mapping accessory pathways in pediatrics
Overview Intracardiac mapping of accessory pathways has continued to evolve and contribute to high success rates for catheter ablations in pediatrics, ranging from 78% to 98%. Pediatric accessory pathways are common and historically have had a high cure rate with ablation. There are new techniques and technologies being developed to potentially increase efficacy of ablation with improved mapping. With 3-dimensional electroanatomic mapping, increasing point density improves the accuracy of substrate prediction and modeling, particularly as the course of atrioventricular (AV) accessory pathways can be variable, with oblique atrial and ventricular insertion sites or multiple pathways that make accurate mapping challenging. There may be a role in utilizing open-window mapping and the HD Grid catheter (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) to delineate difficult or refractory accessory pathways in pediatric. The Advisor high-density HD Grid catheter (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) allows for bipolar recordings on 2 orthogonal planes among 18 electrodes to facilitate both the identification of small-amplitude high-frequency electrical impulses and the direction of impulse propagation. Although several adult studies have shown the utility of the HD Grid for mapping arrhythmia substrate including accessory pathways, there is no knowledge of studies showing the utilization of the HD Grid for mapping accessory pathways in pediatrics. In this case series, the initial experience utilizing the HD Grid for mapping accessory pathways in the pediatric population is described and finds that the new technology allowing for bipolar orthogonal electrograms can be safely used in the pediatric population.
Authors Michael Nguyen, DO, Johannes C. von Alvensleben, MD, Martin Runciman, MD, FHRS,Kathryn K. Collins Journal Heart Rhythm Case Reports | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | HIV and Aids | HIV and Aids
Overview
HIV disease is caused by infection with HIV-1 or HIV-2, which are retroviruses in the Retroviridae family, Lentivirus genus. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a blood-borne virus typically transmitted via sexual intercourse, shared intravenous drug paraphernalia, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), which can occur during the birth process or during breastfeeding. The patient with HIV may present with signs and symptoms of any of the stages of HIV infection. No physical findings are specific to HIV infection; the physical findings are those of the presenting infection or illness. Examples of manifestations include acute seroconversion manifests as a flulike illness, consisting of fever, malaise, generalized rash, generalized lymphadenopathy is common and may be a presenting symptom. This course covers the screening, diagnosis, medication and management of Aids.
Author: Sharespike | 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | Hypertension Part 3 | Hypertension Part 3
Overview Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. For patients who are symptomatic, however, uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure are true medical emergencies that require rapid intervention in the ED. It is therefore important to understand the disease of chronic hypertension and, perhaps more important, episodes of acute and uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure so that we, as prehospital care providers, can better stratify these patients into low- and high-risk groups that may or may not require transport to an ED for evaluation and treatment. As we will discuss, it is reasonable to say that not every patient who presents with hypertension is at high risk of morbidity and mortality and absolutely requires evaluation and treatment at an ED. This is not to say EMTs and paramedics should talk patients out of going to EDs for evaluation. Rather, we will strive to give prehospital care providers a better understanding of the risks involved with acute hypertension so they can better work with their patients to find a solution that is safe, reasonable and responsible for everyone involved. This article discusses the topic of acute hypertension, hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergencies in an effort to help EMS providers better understand these illnesses and help patients make the best decisions regarding their transport and care.
Authors:
Sharespike
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Hypertension Part 2 | Hypertension Part 2
Overview Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. For patients who are symptomatic, however, uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure are true medical emergencies that require rapid intervention in the ED. It is therefore important to understand the disease of chronic hypertension and, perhaps more important, episodes of acute and uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure so that we, as prehospital care providers, can better stratify these patients into low- and high-risk groups that may or may not require transport to an ED for evaluation and treatment. As we will discuss, it is reasonable to say that not every patient who presents with hypertension is at high risk of morbidity and mortality and absolutely requires evaluation and treatment at an ED. This is not to say EMTs and paramedics should talk patients out of going to EDs for evaluation. Rather, we will strive to give prehospital care providers a better understanding of the risks involved with acute hypertension so they can better work with their patients to find a solution that is safe, reasonable and responsible for everyone involved. This article discusses the topic of acute hypertension, hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergencies in an effort to help EMS providers better understand these illnesses and help patients make the best decisions regarding their transport and care.
Authors:
Sharespike
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Dyspnea: Pathophysiology and a clinical approach - EMT | Dyspnea: Pathophysiology and a clinical approach - EMT
Dyspnea: Pathophysiology and a clinical approach - EMT
Overview
Dyspnea is defined as a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity and may either be acute or chronic. This is a common and often distressing symptom reported by patients, and accounts for nearly half of hospital admissions. The distinct sensations often reported by patients include effort/work of breathing, chest tightness, and air hunger (a feeling of not enough air on inspiration). Dyspnea should be assessed by the intensity of these sensations, the degree of distress involved, and its burden or impact on instrumental activities. Dyspnea is a common and often distressing symptom and a frequent reason for general practitioner and clinic visits. Dyspnea is symptom, and its experience is subjective and varies greatly among individuals exposed to the same stimuli or with similar pathologies. This differential experience of Dyspnea among individuals emanates from interactions among multiple physiological, psychological, social, and environmental factors that induce secondary physiological and behavioural responses. The management of Dyspnea will depend on the underlying cause.
Author
Sharespike | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Emphysema, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Asthma | Emphysema, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Asthma
Emphysema, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Asthma
Overview Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are airflow-limited states contained within the disease state known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Just as asthma is no longer grouped with COPD, the current definition of COPD put forth by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) also no longer distinguishes between emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Emphysema is pathologically defined as an abnormal permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by the destruction of alveolar walls and without obvious fibrosis. This process leads to reduced gas exchange, changes in airway dynamics that impair expiratory airflow, and progressive air trapping. Clinically, the term emphysema is used interchangeably with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD.
The theory surrounding this definition has been around since the 1950s, with a key concept of irreversibility and/or permanent acinar damage. However, new data posit that increased collagen deposition leads to active fibrosis, which inevitably is associated with breakdown of the lung’s elastic framework.
Discussions on how obstructive diseases share similar phenotypes have been emerging and evolving within the literature. This course provides a particularly good outline.
Author Sharespike
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Hypertension Part 1 | Hypertension Part 1
Overview Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. For patients who are symptomatic, however, uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure are true medical emergencies that require rapid intervention in the ED. It is therefore important to understand the disease of chronic hypertension and, perhaps more important, episodes of acute and uncontrolled elevations in blood pressure so that we, as prehospital care providers, can better stratify these patients into low- and high-risk groups that may or may not require transport to an ED for evaluation and treatment. As we will discuss, it is reasonable to say that not every patient who presents with hypertension is at high risk of morbidity and mortality and absolutely requires evaluation and treatment at an ED. This is not to say EMTs and paramedics should talk patients out of going to EDs for evaluation. Rather, we will strive to give prehospital care providers a better understanding of the risks involved with acute hypertension so they can better work with their patients to find a solution that is safe, reasonable and responsible for everyone involved. This article discusses the topic of acute hypertension, hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergencies in an effort to help EMS providers better understand these illnesses and help patients make the best decisions regarding their transport and care.
Authors:
Sharespike
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Predisposing factors and radiological features in patients with internal carotid artery dissection or vertebral artery dissection | Predisposing factors and radiological features in patients with internal carotid artery dissection or vertebral artery dissection
Predisposing factors and radiological features in patients with internal carotid artery dissection or vertebral artery dissection
Overview
Cranio-cervical artery dissection (CAD) refers to a tear in the artery lining, resulting in an intramural hematoma toward the intima or the adventitia of the internal carotid artery or vertebral artery. CAD is an important cause of ischemic stroke in young and middle-aged individuals. However, very few studies have compared the differential features between internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) and vertebral artery dissection (VAD), including both cervical and intracranial artery dissections. CAD can affect the cranial or cervical portion of the internal carotid artery or vertebral artery. The predisposing factors, clinical presentation, radiological imaging, and outcome may differ between ICAD and VAD.
We conducted a study to investigate the predisposing factors and radiological features in patients with ICAD or VAD. It was found that the distribution of cervical and intracranial artery dissections was different between ICAD and VAD. The frequencies of radiological features such as double lumen, intimal flap, and dissecting aneurysms also differed in patients with ICAD and VAD.
Authors Yongjun Wu, Hongbin Chen, Shihui Xing, Shuangquan Tan, Xinran Chen, Yan Tan, Jinsheng Zeng and Jian Zhang
| 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Catastrophe in Radiology: Considerations Beyond Common Emergencies | Catastrophe in Radiology: Considerations Beyond Common Emergencies
Catastrophe in Radiology: Considerations Beyond Common Emergencies
Overview Organizations around the world increasingly prepare for the “what ifs” of our environments. Regulating and certifying agencies mandate organizational plans for threat management to include risk factor identification, threat mitigation, prevention (when possible), response to, and recovery from the event. Disasters often occur without warning and have the potential to affect large numbers of people. Those in the radiology environment experience unique effects on them, their equipment, and their ability to provide quality patient care. Lessons can be learned by reviewing events and their impact on imaging departments around the world. Radiology departments need to be actively involved in the disaster planning and the management of disasters when they occur. Common themes emerge regardless of the type of disaster, and these themes should be included in all planning.
Even with an ever-increasing amount of information available and regulations to comply with, radiology departments are still often excluded from a hospital's disaster management plan and drills. Often, it is not until an organization experiences a catastrophic event that the identification of a plan for radiology's role during a disaster comes to mind.
Authors Valerie Aarne Grossman
Journal Journal of Radiology Nursing | 3 | | R455.00 | |
| | Brain Connectivity Changes after Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: A Randomized Manual - Placebo Controlled Trial | Brain Connectivity Changes after Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: A Randomized Manual - Placebo Controlled Trial
Brain Connectivity Changes after Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: A Randomized Manual - Placebo Controlled Trial
Overview
The effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) on functional brain connectivity in healthy adults is missing in the literature. The main advantage for patients is the effective relief of acute and chronic pain. Indeed, OMT was proved effective on conditions and disorders beyond the sensory and motor system, including the reduction of hospitalization length in a large population of preterm infants, effects in anxiety and fatigue in people with Multiple Sclerosis and on autonomic and neuroendocrine responses. The neurophysiological effects underlying clinical improvements are still under debate. Although models explaining the therapeutic effects of OMT include potential brain mechanisms, few studies have been carried out to investigate brain mechanism changes after OMT. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research includes several different approaches to estimate cortical functions. Several of these approaches have demonstrated functional brain changes associated with OMT. Using Arterial Spin Labeling MRI, we recently demonstrated that the treatment of somatic dysfunctions induces cerebral perfusion changes in asymptomatic young participants. This research provides the first preliminary evidence of brain network connectivity changes due to OMT, opening further insights into potential effects of OMT on brain functional activity. Moreover, it suggests future investigations in this unexplored field, particularly on symptomatic subjects.
Authors Marco Tramontano, Francesco Cerritelli, Federica Piras, Barbara Spanò, Federica Tamburella, Fabrizio Piras, Carlo Caltagirone, and Tommaso Gili Journal Brain Sci. 2020 Dec; 10(12): 969. | 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | Desmoid fibromatosis of the pancreas: A case report with radiologic-pathologic correlation | Desmoid fibromatosis of the pancreas: A case report with radiologic-pathologic correlation
Desmoid fibromatosis of the pancreas: A case report with radiologic-pathologic correlation
Overview Pancreas is an exceptionally rare location for desmoid tumours. There are very few case reports of pancreatic fibromatosis in the English radiology literature. This article presents a case of a 45-year-old male with a mixed solid and cystic desmoid tumour of the pancreas which was surgically resected and was followed by recurrence in the mesentery. This will be the first case report of pancreatic desmoid with documented recurrence of fibromatosis in the mesentery which was also surgically resected and confirmed on pathology. In this case report, this entity’s radiological findings with pathology correlation, clinical findings and management were discussed along with literature review.
Authors Kanika Khanna, Fatemeh Abdollahi Mofakham, Darshan Gandhi, Nitin Jain
Journal Radiology Case Reports 15 (2020) 2324 – 2328
| 3 | | R440.00 | |
| | Delayed 18F FDG PET/CT Imaging in the Assessment of Residual Tumours after Transurethral Resection of Bladder Cancer | Delayed 18F FDG PET/CT Imaging in the Assessment of Residual Tumours after Transurethral Resection of Bladder Cancer
Delayed 18F FDG PET/CT Imaging in the Assessment of Residual Tumours after Transurethral Resection of Bladder Cancer
Overview This study is to determine the diagnostic performance of delayed 18F FDG PET/CT in the differentiation of residual tumours from postoperative inflammatory reactions in patients with bladder cancer after initial transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT).
A retrospective clinical study between January 2015 and April 2018 was performed in 79 patients with bladder cancer who had undergone 18F FDG PET/CT within 1 month after initial TURBT. After PET/CT, all patients underwent a second surgery within 2 weeks to confirm the histologic nature of the suspicious lesion and to remove residual tumours. Uni- and multivariable analysis were used to identify predictive factors for residual bladder tumours.
It was concluded that the use of fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT to differentiate lesions after transurethral resection of bladder tumour indicates that higher mean standardized uptake values and greater lesion thickness are predictive factors for residual tumours in patients with bladder cancer after oncologic treatment.
Authors Hui Yan, Xiang Zhou, Xiaoyan Wang, Rui Li, Yiping Shi, Qian Xia, Liangrong Wan, Gang Huang, Jianjun Liu.
Journal Radiology Volume 293 Issue 1 | 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Adolescent knee pain: fracture or normal? A case report. | Adolescent knee pain: fracture or normal? A case report.
Adolescent knee pain: fracture or normal? A case report.
Overview Knee injuries are the second to fourth most common injuries in youth soccer. In this population, sprains/strains, fractures and contusions are most common. Due to variations in the developing skeleton, it can be difficult to rule out fractures. We present a case of a 13-year-old presenting to the emergency department (ED) with patellar pain after pivoting during a soccer game. After radiographic clearance, he was allowed to return to sport. Following another fall and ED visit, his full leg was casted. He presented to a chiropractor after cast removal, who made recommendations for progressive rehabilitation owing to the lack of evidence for fracture on radiographs. We suggest a thorough history, physical and Ottawa knee rules to determine whether We suggest a thorough history, physical and Ottawa knee rules to determine whether radiographs are indicated in the management of a pediatric knee injury. Due to normal skeletal variance, we recommend bilateral radiographs and if findings are ambiguous, consultation with a radiologist to confirm clinical suspicions.
Authors: Melissa Corso and Scott Howitt
Journal: The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association Volume 62 Issue 2 | 3 | | R465.00 | |
| | Tuberculosis Part 2 | Tuberculosis Part 2
Overview
Tuberculosis (TB) (see the image below), a multisystemic disease with myriad presentations and manifestations, is the most common cause of infectious disease–related mortality worldwide. Although TB rates are decreasing in the United States, the disease is becoming more common in many parts of the world. In addition, the prevalence of drug-resistant TB is increasing worldwide. Classic clinical features associated with active pulmonary TB in elderly individuals with TB may not display typical signs and symptoms. The absence of any significant physical findings does not exclude active TB. Classic symptoms are often absent in high-risk patients, particularly those who are immunocompromised or elderly. It is important to isolate patients with possible TB in a private room with negative pressure.
Acknowledgements Authors:
Thomas E Herchline,Thomas E Herchline, Judith K Amorosa, Judith K Amorosa. | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Tuberculosis Part 1 | Tuberculosis Part 1
Overview Tuberculosis (TB) (see the image below), a multisystemic disease with myriad presentations and manifestations, is the most common cause of infectious disease–related mortality worldwide. Although TB rates are decreasing in the United States, the disease is becoming more common in many parts of the world. In addition, the prevalence of drug-resistant TB is increasing worldwide. Classic clinical features associated with active pulmonary TB in elderly individuals with TB may not display typical signs and symptoms. The absence of any significant physical findings does not exclude active TB. Classic symptoms are often absent in high-risk patients, particularly those who are immunocompromised or elderly. It is important to isolate patients with possible TB in a private room with negative pressure.
Acknowledgements Authors: Thomas E Herchline and Judith K Amorosa | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Viral Pneumonia Part 3 | Viral Pneumonia Part 3
Overview The reported incidence of viral pneumonia (see the image below) has increased during the past decade. In part, this apparent increase simply reflects improved diagnostic techniques, but an actual increase appears to have also occurred. Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease. This course is divided into 3 parts covering the aspects of Pneumonia leading into the much dreaded COVID 19 The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. Primary influenza pneumonia manifests with persistent symptoms of cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and malaise for more than three to five days. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults.
Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. PIV pneumonia and bronchiolitis are caused primarily by the PIV-3 strain. The signs and symptoms include fever, cough, coryza, dyspnea with rales, and wheezing.
Acknowledgements Authors:
Zab Mosenifar and Richard Brawerman | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Viral Pneumonia Part 2 | Viral Pneumonia Part 2
Overview The reported incidence of viral pneumonia (see the image below) has increased during the past decade. In part, this apparent increase simply reflects improved diagnostic techniques, but an actual increase appears to have also occurred. Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease. This course is divided into 3 parts covering the aspects of Pneumonia leading into the much dreaded COVID 19. The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. Primary influenza pneumonia manifests with persistent symptoms of cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and malaise for more than three to five days. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults.
Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. PIV pneumonia and bronchiolitis are caused primarily by the PIV-3 strain. The signs and symptoms include fever, cough, coryza, dyspnea with rales, and wheezing.
Acknowledgements Authors:
Zab Mosenifar and Richard BrawermanThe University of Pretoria | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Viral Pneumonia Part 1 | Viral Pneumonia Part 1
Overview The reported incidence of viral pneumonia (see the image below) has increased during the past decade. In part, this apparent increase simply reflects improved diagnostic techniques, but an actual increase appears to have also occurred. Depending on the virulence of the organism, as well as the age and comorbidities of the patient, viral pneumonia can vary from a mild, self-limited illness to a life-threatening disease.
This course is divided into 3 parts covering the aspects of Pneumonia leading into the much dreaded COVID 19. The influenza viruses are the most common viral cause of pneumonia. Primary influenza pneumonia manifests with persistent symptoms of cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, and malaise for more than three to five days. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequent cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children and the second most common viral cause of pneumonia in adults.
Parainfluenza virus (PIV) is second in importance only to RSV as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children and pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants younger than 6 months. PIV pneumonia and bronchiolitis are caused primarily by the PIV-3 strain. The signs and symptoms include fever, cough, coryza, dyspnea with rales, and wheezing.
Acknowledgements
Authors:
Zab Mosenifar and Richard Brawerman | 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Data Science in Radiology: A Path Forward | Data Science in Radiology: A Path Forward
Data Science in Radiology: A Path Forward
Overview
Artificial intelligence (AI), especially deep learning, has the potential to fundamentally alter clinical radiology. AI algorithms, which excel in quantifying complex patterns in data, have shown remarkable progress in applications ranging from self-driving cars to speech recognition.
The AI application within radiology, known as radiomics, can provide detailed quantifications of the radiographic characteristics of underlying tissues. This information can be used throughout the clinical care path to improve diagnosis and treatment planning, as well as assess treatment response.
This tremendous potential for clinical translation has led to a vast increase in the number of research studies being conducted in the field, a number that is expected to rise sharply in the future. Many studies have reported robust and meaningful findings; however, a growing number also suffer from flawed experimental or analytical designs. Such errors could not only can result in invalid discoveries, but also may lead others to perpetuate similar flaws in their own work.
This perspective article aims to increase awareness of the issue, identify potential reasons why this is happening, and provide a path forward
Author Hugo JWL Aerts
Journal Clinical Cancer Research
| 3 | | R410.00 | |
| | MRI for Detecting Root Avulsions in Traumatic Adult Brachial Plexus Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy | MRI for Detecting Root Avulsions in Traumatic Adult Brachial Plexus Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy
MRI for Detecting Root Avulsions in Traumatic Adult Brachial Plexus Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy
Overview Background Traumatic brachial plexus injuries affect 1% of patients involved in major trauma. MRI is the best test for traumatic brachial plexus injuries, although its ability to differentiate root avulsions (which require urgent reconstructive surgery) from other types of nerve injury remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of MRI for diagnosing root avulsions in adults with traumatic brachial plexus injuries.
For this systematic review, MEDLINE and Embase were searched from inception to August 20, 2018. Studies of adults with traumatic nonpenetrating unilateral brachial plexus injuries were included. The target condition was root avulsion. The index test was preoperative MRI, and the reference standard was surgical exploration. A bivariate meta-analysis was used to estimate summary sensitivities and specificities of MRI for avulsion. Results Eleven studies of 275 adults performed between 1992 and 2016 were included. Most participants had been injured in motorcycle collisions (84%).
On the basis of limited data, MRI offers modest diagnostic accuracy for traumatic brachial plexus root avulsion(s), and early surgical exploration should remain as the preferred method of diagnosis.
Authors: Ryckie G. Wade , Yemisi Takwoingi, Justin C. R. Wormald, John P. Ridgway, Steven Tanner, James J. Rankine, Grainne Bourke
Journal Radiology
| 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | Imaging of Precision Therapy for Lung Cancer: Current State of the Art | Imaging of Precision Therapy for Lung Cancer: Current State of the Art
Imaging of Precision Therapy for Lung Cancer: Current State of the Art
Overview
Advances in characterization of molecular and genomic abnormalities specific to lung cancer have made precision therapy the current standard of care for lung cancer treatment. This article will provide a cutting-edge review of imaging of lung cancer in the current era of precision medicine. The focus of the article includes (a) an update on the recent advances in precision therapy for non-small cell lung cancer and their implications on imaging; (b) molecular and genomic biomarkers and pitfalls of image interpretations for lung cancer precision therapy; and (c) review of the current approaches and future directions of precision imaging for lung cancer, emphasizing emerging observations in longitudinal tumour kinetics, radiomics, and molecular and functional imaging. The article is designed to help radiologists to remain up to date in the rapidly evolving world of lung cancer therapy and serve as key members of multidisciplinary teams caring for these patients.
Authors Hyesun Park, Lynette M. Sholl, Hiroto Hatabu, Mark M. Awad, Mizuki Nishino
Journal Radiology
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Cancer and Heart Failure: Understanding the Intersection. | Cancer and Heart Failure: Understanding the Intersection.
Cancer and Heart Failure: Understanding the Intersection.
Overview
Cancer and cardiovascular disease account for nearly half of all deaths in the US. The majority of cancer therapies are known to cause potential cardiac toxicity in some form. Patients with underlying cardiac disease are at a particularly increased risk for worse outcomes following cancer therapy.
Cardiac risk factors include but are not limited to age, female gender, history of myocardial infarction or LVD and tachycardia, as this may be an early sign of cardiac damage.44 Cardiac biomarkers may provide an additive role in this setting. For patients considered to be at higher risk for the development of cardiotoxicity, a cardio-oncology consultation should be offered.
Whether patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease require cancer therapy with potentially cardiotoxic agents or previously healthy patients develop cardiac complications from cancer therapy, a collaborative patient-centred approach between the cardiologist and oncologist is essential to successful patient care.
Most alarming is the potential for heart failure as a result of cancer treatment, which may lead to early disruption or withdrawal of life-saving cancer therapies and can potentially increase cardiovascular mortality. A multi-disciplinary cardio-oncology approach can improve outcomes through early surveillance, prevention and treatment strategies. Acknowledgement
Author Carine E Hamo and Michelle W Bloo Journal Cardiac Failure Review
Publisher Radcliffe Cardiology 2017
| 3 | | R425.00 | |
| | A Rare Cause of Abdominal Pain in Childhood: Cardiac Angiosarcoma | A Rare Cause of Abdominal Pain in Childhood: Cardiac Angiosarcoma
A Rare Cause of Abdominal Pain in Childhood: Cardiac Angiosarcoma
Overview
Cardiac angiosarcomas are extremely rare in childhood, they are rapidly progressive tumours that often present themselves as diagnostic dilemmas, resulting in delayed diagnosis. Also, extracardiac manifestations, including abdominal pain, are extremely rare in patients with intracardiac tumours. We herein present the case of a 15-year-old girl who presented with abdominal pain. Echocardiography and thoracic computed tomography showed right atrial mass.
Primary cardiac angiosarcomas in all age groups mostly occur in the right atrium. The most common complaints presented are dyspnea and chest pain, usually related to a malignant cardiac effusion. The pericardium is frequently involved with a right sided angiosarcoma; cardiac tamponade and pericardial effusion are common complications. Our patient had a massive pericardial effusion and malignant cells were seen in cytologic examination.
The patient underwent surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Eight months after treatment, abdominal recurrence was detected. The abdominal mass was resected, and radiotherapy and new chemotherapy protocol were given. The present case illustrates a rare case of primary cardiac angiosarcoma posing a diagnostic dilemma in an adolescent girl. Acknowledgement
Authors Elvan Caglar Citak, MD, PhD; Murat Ozeren, MD; M. Kerem Karaca, MD; Derya Karpuz, MD; Feryal Karahan, MD; Eda , Bengi Yilmaz, MD; Yuksel Balci, MD; Pelin Ozcan Kara, MD; Rabia Bozdogan Arpaci, MD Journal Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery
| 3 | | R460.00 | |
| | Cumulative Sum Analysis of the Learning Curve for Video-assisted Miniliaparotomy Donor Nephrectomy in Healthy Kidney Donors (Nephrectomy) | Cumulative Sum Analysis of the Learning Curve for Video-assisted Miniliaparotomy Donor Nephrectomy in Healthy Kidney Donors (Nephrectomy)
Cumulative Sum Analysis of the Learning Curve for Video-assisted Miniliaparotomy Donor Nephrectomy in Healthy Kidney Donors (Nephrectomy)
Cumulative Sum Analysis of the Learning Curve for Video-assisted Miniliaparotomy Donor Nephrectomy in Healthy Kidney Donors (Nephrectomy)
Overview
Video-assisted mini-laparotomy surgery (VAMS) is a hybrid of open and laparoscopic surgical techniques, so has advantages of both approaches. The learning curve was evaluated using the cumulative sum (CUSUM) method. Measures of surgical performance included total operation time, warm ischemic time, and estimated blood loss. The mean patient age, body mass index, and body surface area were 43.5 years, 23.8kg/m2, and 1.7m2, respectively.
In terms of warm ischemic time and estimated blood loss, the initial learning was achieved after 16 cases and after 9 to 10 cases, one could achieve competency. The VAMS donor nephrectomy learning curve is shorter than for laparoscopic or robotic hand-assisted donor nephrectomy.
Surgeons can become familiar with the procedure and perform it without complications after approximately 16 to 17 operations. This is the first analysis with CUSUM identifying 3 unique learning curve phases for VAMS donor nephrectomy.
Acknowledgement Jee Soo Park , Hyun Kyu Ahn , Joonchae Na , Hyung Ho Lee, Young Eun Yoon , Min Gee Yoon and Woong Kyu Han.
Journal Medicine (2018) 97:17(e0560)
Publisher Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5944565/pdf/medi-97-e0560.pdf
| 3 | | R445.00 | |
| | Oral care and nosocomial pneumonia: a systematic review. | Oral care and nosocomial pneumonia: a systematic review.
Oral care and nosocomial pneumonia: a systematic review.
Overview
To perform a systematic review of the literature on the control of oral biofilms and the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia, in addition to assessing and classifying studies as to the grade of recommendation and level of evidence.
The review was based on PubMed, LILACS, and Scopus databases, from January 1st, 2000 until December 31st, 2012. Studies evaluating oral hygiene care related to nosocomial infections in patients hospitalized in intensive care units were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Full published articles available in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, which approached chemical or mechanical oral hygiene techniques in preventing pneumonia, interventions performed, and their results were included.
Most articles included a study group with chlorhexidine users and a control group with placebo users for oral hygiene in the prevention of pneumonia.
All articles were classified as B in the level of evidence, and 12 articles were classified as 2B and two articles as 2C in grade of recommendation. It was observed that the control of oral biofilm reduces the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia, but the fact that most articles had an intermediate grade of recommendation makes clear the need to conduct randomized controlled trials with minimal bias to establish future guidelines for oral hygiene in intensive care units.
Acknowledgement
Author:
Vilela MC, Ferreira GZ, Santos PS, Rezende NP
Journal:
Einstein (Soa Paulo, Brazil)
Publisher:
Unknown
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4943826/pdf/1679-4508-eins-13-2-0290.pdf | 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Digital Panoramic Radiography as a Useful Tool for Detection of Bone Loss: A Comparative Study. | Digital Panoramic Radiography as a Useful Tool for Detection of Bone Loss: A Comparative Study.
Digital Panoramic Radiography as a Useful Tool for Detection of Bone Loss: A Comparative Study.
Overview
This study was aimed to investigate the use of panoramic radiography in patients with low bone mineral density in order to diagnose and prevent osteoporotic fractures. Panoramic radiographs of 60 patients (20 men and 40 women) aged from 40 to 70 years with cortical thicknesses of less than 3 mm in the mandibular angle were selected from patients referred to a dentomaxillofacial radiology clinic and were then examined for mandibular cortical angles.
In most cases, no significant difference in mandibular angle cortical thickness was found between those patients with a normal BMD and those patients with a lowered BMD (P=0.621). There was a relationship between the cortical thicknesses of the mandibular lower border, and vertebral and femoral BMD (P<0.0001), and there was a significant difference between the thickness of the mandibular lower border and BMD. The results of this study also revealed a new marker of osteoporosis on the mandibular lower border under the third molar. A thickness of 2.80 mm of the mandibular lower border was detected as a threshold for the measurement of bone densitometry in the chosen Iranian population.
Panoramic radiography is effective for screening patients who are at risk of having decreased bone mineral density. Patients with a threshold of 2.80 mm thickness of the mandibular lower border should be considered as individuals likely to have osteoporosis associated low bone density.
Acknowledgement
Author:
Fatemeh Ezoddini Ardakani, Mohammad Bagher Owlia, Samaneh Hesami , and Pouran Hosseini
Journal:
Acta Medica Iranica
Publisher:
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, The Center for Electronic Resources Provision & Journals Development
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e79e/f05e3bb35a08af4bf74b0897f2d4e4461023.pdf
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Sensitivity and specificity of CT scan in revealing skull fracture in medico-legal head injury victims. | Sensitivity and specificity of CT scan in revealing skull fracture in medico-legal head injury victims.
Sensitivity and specificity of CT scan in revealing skull fracture in medico-legal head injury victims.
Overview:
Aims: The study was conducted with the objective of knowing the sensitivity and specificity of ante-mortem CT scan findings indicating the presence or absence of skull fractures.
Methods: Findings were confirmed during post-mortem examination of the subjects who had died during management but who had not had any surgical intervention. A comparative study of ante-mortem CT scan and autopsy findings with respect to fracture in traumatic head injuries was undertaken on 60 deceased individuals brought in for medico-legal post-mortem examination over a period of two years.
Results: Considering the autopsy findings as the gold standard, we have concluded that 14.6 per cent of the fractures were missed on CT scan findings compared to fractures found during autopsy. The sensitivity of CT scan for skull fractures was found to be 85.4 per cent and specificity was 100 per cent. Kappa was 0.787, which shows good agreement with p<0.001, which was highly significant.
Conclusion: In developing countries, images are interpreted in the axial plane only on a CT scan of the head, which may be due to a lack of financial and human resources. For better delineation of fractures, the use of techniques like multi-detector CT with sagittal and coronal reformations should be considered in the routine interpretation of a CT scan of the head.
Acknowledgement
Author:
Chawla H, Yadav RK, Griwan MS, Malhotra R, Paliwal PK
Journal:
The Australasian medical journal.
Publisher:
The Australasian medical journal
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4531150/pdf/AMJ-08-235.pdf
| 3 | | R385.00 | |
| | Imaging the heart in pulmonary hypertension: an update. | Imaging the heart in pulmonary hypertension: an update.
Imaging the heart in pulmonary hypertension: an update.
Overview
Non-invasive imaging of the heart plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of pulmonary hypertension (PH), and several well-established techniques are available for assessing performance of the right ventricle, the key determinant of patient survival. While right heart catheterisation is mandatory for establishing a diagnosis of PH, echocardiography is the most important screening tool for early detection of PH. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is also a reliable and practical tool that can be used as part of the diagnostic work-up. Echocardiography can measure a range of haemodynamic and anatomical variables (e.g. pericardial effusion and pulmonary artery pressure), whereas CMRI provides complementary information to echocardiography via high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging. Together with echocardiography and CMRI, techniques such as high-resolution computed tomography and positron emission tomography may also be valuable for screening, monitoring and follow-up assessments of patients with PH, but their clinical relevance has yet to be established.
Technological advances have produced new variants of echocardiography, CMRI and positron emission tomography, and these permit closer examination of myocardial architecture, motion and deformation. Integrating these new tools into clinical practice in the future may lead to more precise non-invasive determination of diagnosis, risk and prognosis for PH.
Acknowledgement
Author:
Grünig E, Peacock AJ
Journal:
European respiratory review: an official journal of the European Respiratory Society.
Publisher:
ERS publications
http://err.ersjournals.com/content/24/138/653.long
| 3 | | R370.00 | |
| | Medical Tourism. | Medical Tourism.
Overview
BACKGROUND: Medical tourism is a burgeoning industry in our region. It involves patients travelling outside of their home country for medical treatment.
OBJECTIVE:
This article provides an outline of the current research around medical tourism, especially its impact on Australians.
DISCUSSION:
Patients are increasingly seeking a variety of medical treatments abroad, particularly those involving cosmetic surgery and dental treatment, often in countries in South-East Asia. Adverse events may occur during medical treatment abroad, which raises medico-legal and insurance issues, as well as concerns regarding follow-up of patients. General practitioners need to be prepared to offer advice, including travel health advice, to patients seeking medical treatment abroad
Acknowledgement
Author:
Leggat P
Journal:
Australian family physician.
Publisher:
Focus Environmental
| 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | Sensitivity of plain radiography for pediatric cervical spine injury. | Sensitivity of plain radiography for pediatric cervical spine injury.
Sensitivity of plain radiography for pediatric cervical spine injury.
Overview
Pediatric patients with suspected cervical spine injuries (CSI) often receive a computed tomography (CT) scan as an initial diagnostic imaging test. While sensitive, CT of the cervical spine carries significant radiation and risk of lethal malignant transformation later in life. Plain radiographs carry significantly less radiation and could serve as the preferred screening tool, provided they have a high functional sensitivity in detecting pediatric patients with CSI.
We hypothesize that plain cervical spine radiographs can reliably detect pediatric patients with CSI and seek to quantify the functional sensitivity of plain radiography as compared to CT. We analyzed data from the NEXUS cervical spine study to assess the sensitivity of plain radiographs in the evaluation of CSI. We identified all pediatric patients who underwent plain radiographic imaging, and all pediatric patients found to have CSI. We then determined the sensitivity of plain radiographs in detecting pediatric patients with CSI. We identified 44 pediatric patients with CSI in the dataset with age ranging from 2 to 18 years old.
Plain radiography was highly sensitive for the identification of CSI in our cohort of pediatric patients and is useful as a screening tool in the evaluation of pediatric CSI.
Acknowledgement
Author:
Cui LW, Probst MA, Hoffman JR, Mower WR
Journal:
Emergency Radiology
Publisher:
Springer
https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt95p3x9hg/qt95p3x9hg.pdf?t=odi6kh&v=lg
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | Satisfaction of Search in Chest Radiography 2015. | Satisfaction of Search in Chest Radiography 2015.
Satisfaction of Search in Chest Radiography 2015.
Overview
Rationale and Objectives:
Two decades have passed since the publication of laboratory studies of satisfaction of search (SOS) in chest radiography. Those studies were performed using film. The current investigation tests for SOS effects in computed radiography of the chest.
Methods:
Sixty-four chest computed radiographs half demonstrating various "test" abnormalities were read twice by 20 radiologists, once with and once without the addition of a simulated pulmonary nodule. Receiver-operating characteristic detection accuracy and decision thresholds were analyzed to study the effects of adding the nodule on detecting the test abnormalities. Results of previous studies were reanalyzed using similar modern techniques.
Results:
In the present study, adding nodules did not influence detection accuracy for the other abnormalities, but did induce a reluctance to report them. Adding nodules did not affect inspection time so the reluctance to report was not associated with reduced search. Reanalysis revealed a similar decision threshold shift that had not been recognized in the early studies of SOS in chest radiography in addition to reduced detection accuracy.
Conclusions:
The nature of SOS in chest radiography has changed, but it is not clear why.
Advances in knowledge: SOS may be changing as a function of changes in radiology education and practice.
Acknowledgement
Author:
Berbaum KS, Krupinski EA, Schartz KM, Caldwell RT, Madsen MT, Hur S, Laroia AT, Thompson BH, Mullan BF, Franken EA Jr
Journal:
Academic Radiology
Publisher:
HHS Public Access
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4609286/pdf/nihms715330.pdf
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Walking on thin ice! Identifying methamphetamine “drug mules” on digital plain radiography. | Walking on thin ice! Identifying methamphetamine “drug mules” on digital plain radiography.
Walking on thin ice! Identifying methamphetamine “drug mules” on digital plain radiography.
Overview
Objective: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of identifying methamphetamine (MA) internal payloads in “drug mules” by plain abdominal digital radiography (DR).
Methods:
The study consisted of 35 individuals suspected of internal MA drug containers. A total of 59 supine digital radiographs were collected. The gold standard was the presence of secured drug packs in the faeces.
Results:
There were 16 true-positive “drug mules” identified. DR of all drug carriers for Group 1 exhibited a sensitivity of 100%, a mean specificity of 76.3%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 78.5%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% and a mean accuracy 87.2%. Group 2 showed a lower sensitivity (93.7%), a mean specificity of 86%, a PPV of 86.5%, an NPV of 94.1% and a mean accuracy of 89.5%.
Conclusion:
DR is a valuable screening tool in cases of MA body packers with huge internal payloads being associated with a high diagnostic insecurity. Diagnostic insecurity on plain films may be overcome by low-dose CT as a cross-sectional imaging modality.
Advances in knowledge: Diagnostic signs (double-condom and halo signs) on digital plain radiography are specific in MA “drug mules”, although DR is associated with high diagnostic insecurity and underreports the total internal payload.
Acknowledgement
Author:
Abdul Rashid SN, Mohamad Saini SB, Abdul Hamid S, Muhammad SJ, Mahmud R, Thali MJ, Flach PM
Journal:
The British Journal of Radiology
Publisher:
British Institute of Radiology
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4067014/pdf/bjr.20130472.pdf
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | The role of computed tomography in the diagnosis of acute and chronic pulmonary embolism. | The role of computed tomography in the diagnosis of acute and chronic pulmonary embolism.
The role of computed tomography in the diagnosis of acute and chronic pulmonary embolism.
Overview
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a potentially life threatening condition requiring adequate diagnosis and treatment. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is excellent for including and excluding PE, therefore CT is the first-choice diagnostic imaging technique in patients suspected of having acute PE. Due to its wide availability and low invasiveness, CTPA tends to be overused. Correct implementation of clinical decision rules in diagnostic workup for PE improves adequate use of CT. Also, CT adds prognostic value by evaluating right ventricular (RV) function. CT-assessed RV dysfunction and to lesser extent central emboli location predicts PE-related mortality in normotensive and hypotensive patients, while PE embolic obstruction index has limited prognostic value. Simple RV/left ventricular (LV) diameter ratio measures >1.0 already predict risk for adverse outcome, whereas ratios <1.0 can safely exclude adverse outcome.
Consequently, assessing the RV/LV diameter ratio may help identify patients who are potential candidates for treatment at home instead of treatment in the hospital. A minority of patients develop chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) following acute PE, which is a life-threatening condition that can be diagnosed by CT. In proximal CTEPH, involving the more central pulmonary arteries, thrombectomy usually results in good outcome in terms of both functional status and long-term survival rate. CT is becoming the imaging method of choice for diagnosing CTEPH as it can identify patients who may benefit from thrombectomy.
New CT developments such as distensibility measurements and dual-energy or subtraction techniques may further refine diagnosis and prognosis for improved patient care.
Acknowledgement
Author:
Dogan H, de Roos A, Geleijins J, Huisman MV, Kroft LJ
Journal:
Diagnostic and interventional radiology (Ankara, Turkey)
Publisher:
Turkish Society of Radiology
http://www.dirjournal.org/sayilar/77/buyuk/307-3161.pdf
| 3 | | R380.00 | |
| | No Value for Routine Chest Radiography in the Work-Up of Early Stage Cervical Cancer Patients. | No Value for Routine Chest Radiography in the Work-Up of Early Stage Cervical Cancer Patients.
No Value for Routine Chest Radiography in the Work-Up of Early Stage Cervical Cancer Patients.
Overview Aim: Evidence supporting the recommendation to include chest radiography in the work-up of all cervical cancer patients is limited. We investigated the diagnostic value of routine chest radiography in cervical cancer staging.
Methods:
All consecutive cervical cancer patients who presented at our tertiary referral centre in the Netherlands and for whom =6 months follow-up was available, were included. As part of the staging procedure, patients underwent a routine two-directional digital chest radiograph. Findings were compared to imaging studies and histology obtained during the 6 months following radiography.
Results: Of the 402 women who presented with cervical cancer, 288 underwent chest radiography and had =6 months follow-up. Early clinical stage (I/II) cervical cancer was present in 244/288 women, while 44 presented with advanced disease (stage III/IV). The chest radiograph of 1 woman - with advanced pre-radiograph stage (IVA) disease - showed findings consistent with pulmonary metastases. Radiographs of 7 other women - 4 early, 3 advanced stage disease - were suspicious for pulmonary metastases, which was confirmed by additional imaging in only 1 woman (with pre-radiograph advanced stage (IIIB) disease) and excluded in 6 cases, including all women with early stage disease.
Conclusion:
Routine chest radiography was of no value for any of the early stage cervical cancer patients presenting at our tertiary centre.
Acknowledgement
Author:
Hoogendam JP, Zweemer RP, Verkooijen HM, de Jong PA, van den Bosch MA, Verheijen RH, Veldhuis WB
Journal:
PloS one
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4489900/pdf/pone.0131899.pdf
| 3 | | R435.00 | |
| | Imaging of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. | Imaging of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease.
Imaging of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease.
Overview
Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) is a common and clinically heterogeneous form of arthritis caused by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals in articular tissues. The diagnosis of CPPD is supported by the presence of radiographic chondrocalcinosis; yet, conventional radiography detects only about 40 % of clinically important CPPD. Here, we critically review the recent literature on imaging in CPPD. New studies inform our use of conventional radiographic screening methodologies for CPPD and provide additional evidence for the utility of diagnostic ultrasound. Recent work also highlights the polyarticular nature of CPPD, its association with tissue damage, and the high prevalence of tendon involvement. While dual energy CT and diffraction-enhanced synchrotron imaging remain research tools, they present potential avenues for improved visualization of CPP deposits. Advances in imaging in CPPD will increase diagnostic accuracy and eventually result in better management of this common form of arthritis.
Acknowledgement
Author:
Miksanek J, Rosenthal AK
Journal:
Current Rheumatology Reports
Publisher:
Springer
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5471493/pdf/nihms861811.pdf
| 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Correlation of the clinical and physical image quality in chest radiography for average adults with a computed radiography imaging system. | Correlation of the clinical and physical image quality in chest radiography for average adults with a computed radiography imaging system.
Correlation of the clinical and physical image quality in chest radiography for average adults with a computed radiography imaging system.
Overview
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between the quality of visually graded patient (clinical) chest images and a quantitative assessment of chest phantom (physical) images acquired with a computed radiography (CR) imaging system. Methods: The results of a previously published study, in which four experienced image evaluators graded computer-simulated posteroanterior chest images using a visual grading analysis scoring (VGAS) scheme, were used for the clinical image quality measurement. Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and effective dose efficiency (eDE) were used as physical image quality metrics measured in a uniform chest phantom.
Results: Clinical and physical image quality metrics increased with decreasing tube voltage. Statistically significant correlations between VGAS and CNR (R50.87, p,0.033) and eDE (R50.77, p,0.008) were observed. Conclusion: Medical physics experts may use the physical image quality metrics described here in quality assurance programmes and optimisation studies with a degree of confidence that they reflect the clinical image quality in chest CR images acquired without an anti-scatter grid.
Advances in knowledge: A statistically significant correlation has been found between the clinical and physical image quality in CR chest imaging. The results support the value of using CNR and eDE in the evaluation of quality in clinical thorax radiography. Acknowledgement Author:
Moore CS, Wood TJ, Beavis AW, Saunderson JR
Journal:The British Journal of Radiology
Publisher:British Institute of Radiology | 3 | | R390.00 | |
| | Diagnostic Imaging of Acute Abdominal Pain in Adults. | Diagnostic Imaging of Acute Abdominal Pain in Adults.
Diagnostic Imaging of Acute Abdominal Pain in Adults.
Overview
Acute abdominal pain is a common presentation in the outpatient setting and can represent conditions ranging from benign to life-threatening. If the patient history, physical examination, and laboratory testing do not identify an underlying cause of pain and if serious pathology remains a clinical concern, diagnostic imaging is indicated.
The American College of Radiology has developed clinical guidelines, the Appropriateness Criteria, based on the location of abdominal pain to help physicians choose the most appropriate imaging study. Ultrasonography is the initial imaging test of choice for patients presenting with right upper quadrant pain. Computed tomography (CT) is recommended for evaluating right or left lower quadrant pain. Conventional radiography has limited diagnostic value in the assessment of most patients with abdominal pain.
The widespread use of CT raises concerns about patient exposure to ionizing radiation. Strategies to reduce expo¬sure are currently being studied, such as using ultrasonography as an initial study for suspected appendicitis before obtaining CT and using low-dose CT rather than standard-dose CT. Magnetic reso¬nance imaging is another emerging technique for the evaluation of abdominal pain that avoids ionizing radiation. Acknowledgement Author:
Cartwright SL, Knudson MP Journal:
American Family Physician Publisher:
American Academy of Family Physicians | 3 | | R350.00 | |
| | Accuracy of chest radiography for positioning of the umbilical venous catheter. | Accuracy of chest radiography for positioning of the umbilical venous catheter.
Accuracy of chest radiography for positioning of the umbilical venous catheter.
Overview
It has become a constant challenge to the clinical team to care of increasingly younger premature infants. To this effect, an effective vascular access that is as safe as possible is of utmost importance when caring for these children. The use of the umbilical vein which was reported as far back as 1947 by Diamond constitutes a fast and easy option to obtain access to the systemic circulation.
Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the simultaneous analysis of three radiographic anatomical landmarks (diaphragm, cardiac silhouette, and vertebral bodies) in determining the position of the umbilical venous catheter distal end using echocardiography as a reference standard. The method used in this study was a cross section, observational one with the prospective inclusion of data from all neonates born in a public reference hospital, between April 2012 and September 2013.
The neonates chosen were those submitted to umbilical venous catheter insertion as part of their medical care. The results indicated that only 27.16 percent of the new bones had the catheter in optimal position, in the thoracic portion of the inferior vena cava or at the junction of the inferior vena cava with the right atrium.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Adriana F.M. Guimarãesa, Aline A.C.G. de Souza, Maria Cândida F. Bouzada, Zilda M.A. Meira
JOURNAL: Journal de Pediatria
PUBLISHERS: Elsevier Editora Ltda
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2016.05.004 | 3 | | R360.00 | |
| | Breast cancer: Early diagnosis and effective treatment by drug delivery tracing. | Breast cancer: Early diagnosis and effective treatment by drug delivery tracing.
Breast cancer: Early diagnosis and effective treatment by drug delivery tracing.
Overview
Breast cancer, which is the most frequent kind of cancer that attacks women have become very common in all parts of the world. It attacks women, irrespective of their race and socio-economic background. As a matter of fact, breast cancer is one of the major causes of cancer related deaths among women the world over.
The conventional treatments available for breast cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, or combination therapy. However, the accurate and early non-invasive detection of malignant disease is an important factor in the treatment and prognosis of a cancer patient. It is worth mentioning that early detection will not prevent breast cancer, although it can help find when the probability of successful treatment is the greatest.
The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the significant improvement in diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy that can be achieved by developing effective approaches based on a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of tumour metabolism. One of the conclusions of the study was that molecular imaging tools including SPECT and PET are highly effective, safe and painless diagnostic imaging modality.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Mahdiyeh Shamsi, Jalil Pirayesh Islamian
JOURNAL: Nuclear Medicine Review
PUBLISHERS: Via Medica International
URL: http://www.viamedica.com | 3 | | R430.00 | |
| | Clinically Meaningful Use of Blood Tumour Markers in Oncology. | Clinically Meaningful Use of Blood Tumour Markers in Oncology.
Clinically Meaningful Use of Blood Tumour Markers in Oncology.
Overview
Tumour marker (TM) traditionally refers to substances, mainly proteins that are either directly produced by malignant cells or are produced by other cells, in response to certain malignant or other non-malignant conditions. With that said, TMs can be associated with malignancies of a specific organ. For instance, prostrate surface antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer and thyroglobulin in thyroid cancer.
However, a TM like cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), can be elevated in a variety of cancers. It is worth noting that before the development of modern imaging techniques and the molecular diagnosis, tumour markers (TMs) were among the few available diagnostic tools for the management of cancer patients. This article is therefore for a review of literatures concerning the superior performance of a combination of multiple TMs as a panel for assessment, or as part of validated algorithms that also incorporate other clinical factors.
The aim of this review was therefore to provide a concise overview of the appropriate uses of both traditional and newer TMs and their roles in diagnosis, prognosis, and the monitoring of patients in current clinical practice. The conclusion was that TMs represent a convenient and cost-effective diagnostic tool for the management of various malignancies.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Stefan Holdenrieder, Lance Pagliaro, David Morgenstern, and Farshid Dayyani
JOURNAL: BioMed Research International
PUBLISHER: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
URL: https://www.hindawi.com/ | 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Comparison of Conventional Radiography and Digital Computerized Radiography in Patients in the Emergency Department | Comparison of Conventional Radiography and Digital Computerized Radiography in Patients in the Emergency Department
Comparison of Conventional Radiography and Digital Computerized Radiography in Patients in the Emergency Department
OVERVIEW
Digital radiography (Digital CR) has many advantages some of which include the manipulation of digital data at various stages between image acquisition as well as its final interpretation. Digital CR further has more multiple advantages to conventional radiography. With that said, the purpose of this study is to compare the differences between conventional radiography and digital computerized radiography (CR) in patients at the emergency department.
The study however focused on consecutive patients who needed chest radiology at the emergency department. In the course of the study, a quality score of the radiogram was assessed with visual analogue score (VAS-100 mm), measured in terms of millimeters. It is worth noting that the examination time, interpretation time, the total time, as well as cost of radiograms were equally calculated.
The results from the findings nevertheless revealed that there were significant differences between conventional radiography and digital CR groups in terms of location unit (Care Unit, Trauma, Resuscitation), hour of presentation, diagnosis group, examination time, interpretation time, and examination quality.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Enver ozcete, Bahar Boydak, Murat Ersel, Selahattin Kiyan, Ilhan Uz, Ozgur cevrim
JOURNAL: Emergency Medicine Association of Turkey
PUBLISHER: Kare Publishing
URL: http://www.kareyayincilik.com | 3 | | R475.00 | |
| | Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography and Radiography in Initial Evaluation of Chest Trauma Patients | Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography and Radiography in Initial Evaluation of Chest Trauma Patients
Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasonography and Radiography in Initial Evaluation of Chest Trauma Patients
OVERVIEW
There are evidences that the application of chest radiography for all multiple trauma patients is assorted with a significant increase in total cost, exposure to radiation and overcrowding of the emergency department. With that said, ultrasound has also been introduced as an alternative diagnostic tool in chest trauma.
The purpose of this study was therefore to compare the diagnostic accuracy of chest ultrasonography and radiography in the detection of traumatic intrathoracic injuries. During this study, patients with traumatic intrathoracic in juries who were referred to the emergency department unit between December 2013 and December 2014 were assessed. The patients actually underwent bedside ultrasound, radiography and computed tomography (CT) based on ATLS recommendations. It is important to mention that the screening performance characteristics of ultrasonography and radiography were compared using SPSS.
The results of this study indicated that ultrasonography is preferable to radiography in the initial evaluation of patients with traumatic injuries to the thoracic cavity.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Ali Vafaei, Hamid Reza Hatamabdi, Karan Heidary, Hosien Alimohammadi, Mohammed Tarbiyat
JOURNAL: Emergency
PUBLISHER: Shahid Bhesti Univrsity of Medical Sciences
URL: https://en.sbmu.ac.ir | 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias. | Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias.
Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias.
OVERVIEW
There are evidences that more than one-third of Ameri¬can households report failing to access needed den¬tal care in each year because of cost. Thus, den¬tal problems are an increasing cause of emergency room visits.
The aim of this study was to explore low-income parents’ perceptions of oral health and of mid-level dental providers as a means of improving access to care. Of course, as states increasingly consider adding mid-level providers to the dental workforce, it is imperative to understand the views of potential patients toward such providers since the success of any strategy depends, in part, upon the willingness of potential patients to be treated by them. The qualitative research methodology was used for this study and in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 low-income parents to assess their perceptions of oral health, access to and need for dental care, and potential acceptance of mid-level dental providers. Interview transcripts were analysed by a team of researchers using interpretive research methods.
The results from this study suggested that the respondents had a strong desire to maintain their families’ oral health, as well as their perception that they face signifi¬cant barriers to receiving needed care.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Nicoll KL, Phillips E, Shaefer HL, Simoncic T.
JOURNAL: Functional Neurology
PUBLISHER: Nova Science Publisher
URL: https://www.novapublishers.com | 3 | | R475.00 | |
| | Mammography Equipment Design: Impact on Radiographers Practice. | Mammography Equipment Design: Impact on Radiographers Practice.
Mammography Equipment Design: Impact on Radiographers Practice.
OVERVIEW
In today’s world, the high levels of competitive and physical performance from professionals because of the competitive labour market can result in stress and fatigue and may promote the occurrence of errors and work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs).
Consequently, the development and adoption of human factors and ergonomic strategies can contribute to a decrease or increase in the quality of a radiographers' work their productivity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify radiographers’ postures during frequent mammography procedures related to the mammography equipment and patient characteristics. During the study, a postural task analysis was performed using images acquired during the simulation of mammography positioning procedure. Simulations included craniocaudal/ (CC) mediolateral-oblique/(MLO) positioning in three different settings: radiographers and patients with similar statures, radiographers smaller than the patients and radiographers taller than the patients. Measurements of postural angles were performed by two raters using adequate software and classified according to the European Standard EN1005-4:2005 + A1:2008.
One of the most significant results of the study was that the most awkward posture in mammography is during the positioning of MLO projection in short-stature patients.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Stefanie Costa & Eva Oliveira & Cláudia Reis & Susana Viegas & Florentino Serranheir
JOURNAL: Insights into Imaging
PUBLISHER: SpringerLink
URL: http://www.springer.com
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Minimally Invasive Methods for Staging in Lung Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. | Minimally Invasive Methods for Staging in Lung Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Minimally Invasive Methods for Staging in Lung Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
OVERVIEW
Recently, the approach to patients with suspected non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), has changed [1]. As a matter of fact, several diagnostic and staging methods have been developed to avoid the use of more invasive techniques.
Surgical methods, such as mediastinoscopy, video assisted thoracoscopy (VATS), mediastinal dissection, and lymph node resection, are the reference standard for lung cancer lymph node staging. Nonetheless, minimally invasive methods, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or positron emission tomography (PET), as well as bronchoscopic methods, are alternatives with low complication rates and these methods are often used as the first approach for confirming or excluding metastatic disease. The objective of this study was thus to provide a synthesis of the evidence on the diagnostic performance of EBUS + EUS in patients undergoing mediastinal staging. The method used in carrying out this study was a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at evaluating the diagnostic yield of EBUS + EUS compared with surgical staging.
The study was concluded that EBUS + EUS is a highly accurate and safe procedure and the combined procedure should be considered in selected patients with lymphadenopathy noted at stations that are not traditionally accessible with conventional EBUS.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHOR: Gonzalo Labarca, Carlos Aravena, Francisco Ortega, Alex Arenas, AdnanMajid, Erik Folch, Hiren J.Mehta, Michael A. Jantz, and Sebastian Fernandez-Bussy
JOURNAL: Pulmonary Medicine
PUBLISHER: Hindawi Publishing Corporation
URL: https://www.hindawi.com
| 3 | | R420.00 | |
| | Musculoskeletal Ultrasound: Focused Impact on MRI. | Musculoskeletal Ultrasound: Focused Impact on MRI.
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound: Focused Impact on MRI.
OVERVIEW
The objective of this article is to compare and contrast image interpretation, accuracy, observer variability, economic impact and education with regard to musculoskeletal ultrasound and MRI because these factors will influence the growth of musculoskeletal ultrasound and the impact on MRI.
The use of musculoskeletal ultrasound continues to grow and there are a numerous factors that impact MRI. The development of less expensive portable ultrasound machines has opened the market to non-radiologists and application for musculoskeletal ultrasound has broadened. Selective substitution of musculoskeletal ultrasound for MRI can result in significant cost saving to the health care system. Although this change could decrease the use of MRI, issues related to accuracy, variability, education, and competence must be addressed.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
AUTHOR: Jon A. Jacobson1
JOURNAL: American Journal of Roentgenology
PUBLISHER:ARRS
URL: https:/www.arrs.org
| 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Practice Issues. | Practice Issues.
OVERVIEW
It is important to note that the responses to the various questions are the views independently expressed and are not necessarily opinions shared by cpdexpress.co.za. As matters involving Ethics and the law are subject to interpretation, the responses cannot, in any way, be regarded as binding or necessarily endorsed by the regulatory authorities.
There are ethical dilemmas regarding patients, colleagues and associates that one doesn’t even consider until they become issues in their practice. There are many questions to be asked regarding ethics, touting, canvassing, advertising, competition and many other issues that need to be addressed and this article addresses most of them. | 3 | | R450.00 | |
| | Private Practice: The Do's And Don'ts. | Private Practice: The Do's And Don'ts.
Private Practice: The Do's And Don'ts.
OVERVIEW
You have studied extensively to become a healthcare professional in your field of study. You have learned and become adept at identifying a vast range of conditions. You can diagnose and effectively treat those conditions within the scope of the discipline.
Now you are faced with a plethora of dilemmas. What is fair value for your services? What appliances are appropriate and reasonable? What commercial and legal structures are appropriate for you? What influence may these commercial and legal structures have on your clinical recommendations? Who may have access to your record cards? What responsibility can you delegate to your staff? Who carries final responsibility for payment of your claims – member or medical aid? What constitutes anti-competitive behavior?
This is a very informative article that will help you to run your practice within the various guidelines. | 3 | | R400.00 | |
| | Radiographer Delivered Fluoroscopy Reduces Radiation Exposure During Endoscopic Urological Procedures. | Radiographer Delivered Fluoroscopy Reduces Radiation Exposure During Endoscopic Urological Procedures.
Radiographer Delivered Fluoroscopy Reduces Radiation Exposure During Endoscopic Urological Procedures.
OVERVIEW
Endourology specialises in the minimally invasive telescopic inspection of the urinary tract. Nonetheless, endourology is a subspecialty of urology that has evolved thanks in part to fluoroscopy, which allows real-time imaging during procedures such as nephrostomy insertion, retrograde ureter pyelography, as well as flexible ureterorenoscopy. However, urologists often use fluoroscopy during endoscopic surgical procedures.
In some institutions, this is delivered by a radiographer meanwhile in others, it is delivered by the urological surgeon. The objective of this study is to determine if radiographer-delivered fluoroscopy can reduce the exposure to ionising radiation during urological procedures. 395 consecutive patients, who underwent endoscopic urological procedures requiring fluoroscopy were analysed. This study was however performed simultaneously across two institutions, over a 4-month period. 321 patients were matched and included in the analysis.
The results from this study nevertheless indicated that radiographer delivered fluoroscopy could reduce the patient’s exposure to ionising radiation for some urological procedures.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Martin J, Hennessey DB, Young M, Pahuja A
JOURNAL: The Ulster Medical Journal
PUBLISHER: Ulster Medical Society
URL: http://www.ums.ac.u | 3 | | R415.00 | |
| | Whole-Body MRI in Pediatric Patients with Cancer. | Whole-Body MRI in Pediatric Patients with Cancer.
Whole-Body MRI in Pediatric Patients with Cancer.
OVERVIEW
Statistics show that cancer is currently the leading cause of natural death in the pediatric populations of developed countries. It is however apparent that cure rates for cancers are greater than 70% in some cases when it is diagnosed in its early stages.
Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging methods have markedly improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, while avoiding the risks of ionizing radiation that are associated with most conventional radiological methods, such as computed tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Also, the advent of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in association with the development of metabolic- and function-based techniques has led to the use of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging for the screening, diagnosis, staging, response assessment, and post-therapeutic follow-up of children with solid sporadic tumours or those with related genetic syndromes.
This study is therefore a review of literature concerning the advantages, techniques, indications, and limitations of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in the management of pediatric oncology patients are presented.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
AUTHORS: Marcos Duarte Guimarães, Julia Noschang, Sara Reis Teixeira, Marcel Koenigkam Santos, Henrique Manoel Lederman, Vivian Tostes, Vikas Kundra, Alex Dias Oliveira, Bruno Hochhegger and Edson Marchiori
JOURNAL: BioMed Central Cancer Imaging
PUBLISHER: BioMed Centra
URL: https://www.biomedcentral.com | 3 | | R425.00 | |